Pakar, IR 2004

 

 

QUICK AND EASY TOOLS

FOR INTEGRATING QUOTATIONS INTO YOUR PAPER

 

 

FOUR MAIN RULES

 

1. Introduce quotes with signal phrases (see # 1, 2 below)
2. Don’t put 2 quotes in a row without explaining them
3. Quote only what can’t be paraphrased well or which gives authority
4. Don’t overuse quotations

 

FOUR PARTS TO AN INTEGRATED QUOTATION

 

1. Describe/ID name/source/authority
2. Tag verb that “says” (see list)
3. Exact quote (full or partial)
4. Purpose/assertion: Why the quote is important/is intended to show/proves your point

 

PARTIAL LIST OF TAG VERBS

 

 

List by Diana Hacker at http://employees.csbsju.edu/dbeach/symposium/introquote.htm

 

EXAMPLES

 

Here is an example of a quotation using the four rules:

 

Jimmy Carter injected a sense of urgency into the Middle East Conference with his analysis that, “It is unlikely that we shall ever see a more promising foundation for peace” (qtd. in Nessman A10).

 

Analysis:

1. Source: Carter via Nessman
2. Tag verb: injected
3. Exact quote (note period after parenthesis)
4. Author of paper’s purpose = Carter supports the conference and wants the negotiators to work to create a treaty + Carter is an authority

STUDENT PRACTICE

Identify each of the four parts in the three quotes below:

 

1. Circle source
2. Box tag verb
3. Underline quote
4. Double underline purpose and/or write a note of explanation

In his famous adventure story Kon Tiki, Thor Heyerdahl writes, "We of the twentieth century still treat the ocean as the endless, bottomless pit it was considered in medieval times."

Thor Heyerdahl, the well known oceanographer, warns us that the world's oceans are no longer "the endless, bottomless pit" that we once believed them to be.

" We of the twentieth century, " Heyerdahl insists in Kon Tiki, "still treat the ocean as the endless, bottomless pit it was considered in medieval times."

Source: http://commhum.mccneb.edu/crichardson/ENG101/Week%202.htm

HIGHER LEVEL STUDENT PRACTICE:

Using what you have just learned, introduce the following information and quotations with signal phrases (Source and tag verb).  Make sure your rewrites contain the four parts of an integrated quotation. Observe that each student may write them slightly differently:

 

Quotation by Harry Truman in Merle Miller's book Plain Speaking: "If we had had to invade Japan, half a million soldiers on both sides would have been killed."

 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

The following passage is from the 2 Dec. 2003 issue of the San Francisco Chronicle in an article written by Ravi Nessman:

 

“Palestinian leader Yasser Afafat sent a message calling the accord ‘a brave and courageous initiative . . .(ellipse in Chronicle) that opens the door to peace.’  However, he did not explicitly endorse the agreement, which has been . . . condemned by Palestinian militants.”

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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INDEPENDENT STUDENT PRACTICE:

 

Work in groups or in pairs to rewrite the phrases or sentences you use to introduce and integrate quotations into your research paper.  You will read your “before and after” versions to the class.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES

 

See next page

SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES

 

 

If you have misplaced your previous hand-outs covering quotations, you may find them at http://www.geocities.com/isahigh  For more information, use the websites listed in this worksheet. For an additional reminder, read the summary below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUOTATION BASICS

 

Use the following considerations when deciding what and how much to quote.  Decide whether you will use a partial quote (word, phrase, sentence) or a block quote.  A block quote is four or more lines long and is formatted in single-spacing that is indented an additional one inch on each side of your paper.

 

Reminder: Use quotations instead of paraphrases when

 

• specific language of a quote is more effective than a paraphrase
• when the exact wording is essential to prove your point

 

Be conservative: quote selectively

 

• Keep quotes to a minimum. A short phrase or sentence is more easily understood than a long quotation.
•  Look for the "kernel" or the most important part of the quotation and extract it.
• Overusing quotations can result in a pieced together "patchwork" jumble of miscellaneous information from various sources that may make the reader think that you really don’t understand the topic.

 

Refer to http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/research/usingquotes.html