Chapter 8-The Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (Sections 1-3 pages 178-197) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ When the Roman Empire moved to Byzantium, the Byzantine emperors claimed political and religious authority. Justinian was the most outstanding Byzantine emperor who tried to reclaim the glories of Rome's past. After his deal the empire again was threatened with revolts, religious quarrels and invasions. The Roman and Byzantine churches will eventually split into two branches. In the Late 500's Muhammad introduced the faith of Islam. After his death this religion was spread across to Spain and across to the Indus River valley. By 800 both the Byzantine and Islamic empires faced dangers. The Byzantine Empire was under attack from the Slavs and the Muslims. Religious divisions weakened the Islamic empire. By 1453 Constantinople was overtaken by the Ottoman Turks. Section 1-Constantinople ruled an eastern empire When and by whom was Constantinople founded? Why was the harbor of Constantinople called the Golden Horn? Who had the most power in the government of Constantinople? Who was emperor from 527-565? How did Procopius describe Justinian? What were the three projects launched by Justinian? When the Byzantines finally won control of Rome what was the cities condition? What were the legal reforms of Justinian? What were the four parts of the Corpus Juris Civilis? 1. 2. 3. 4. How long did the laws of Justinian last? What were the requirements for citizenship in Constantinople? How was Constantinople protected from attack? What were the procedures for approaching the emperor's throne? What was the Hagia Sophia? Describe the inside of the Hagia Sophia? What were the subjects taught at the university? What was the Hippodrome? What were icons? What was the debate over icons? Who were the iconoclasts? What does it mean to be excommunicated? What is a heretic? What were the differences between the Roman church and the Byzantine church? Who was the patriarch and whom did he accept as his superior? When did the break between the Roman and Byzantine churches take place and what were the two branches called? What were the problems faced by the Byzantines after the death of Justinian? Section 2-A New Faith spread from Arabia What was "Greek fire"? Who were the Bedouins? What was the importance of Mecca? What were jinn and where was the most sacred jinn located? What is the Kaaba and what was the name of one of the gods recognized in the Kaaba? What was Muhammad's early life like? When did Muhammad's life change? What was Muhammad's vision? According to Muhammad who was Allah? When did Muhammad begin to preach publicly? Why did Muhammad leave Mecca? What is the Hegira? What do the words Islam and Muslim mean? What event is marked by the first year of the Muslim calendar? What was the third phase of Rome's decline? Who ordered the writing of the words of Muhammad? What is the name of the Holy book of Islam? In what language is the Koran written? What are the five pillars of the Islamic faith? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are some of the other established customs of the Muslims? When is the holy day for Muslims? Where do Muslims go to worship? What would happen on the Day of Judgment according to Muhammad? Where was the Muslim advance into Europe stopped? What different lands did the Muslims control in 732? How were the Arabs able to convert and conquer so much land? What is a jihad? What were the three choices offered to those the Arabs defeated? Who were the caliphs? What were the first four caliphs known as and what feature did they have in common? Who made up the Umayyad caliphate? What did the Umayyad accomplish? Why did many Muslims not like the Umayyad? Who made up the Abbasid caliphate? What were the promises of the Abbasid caliphate and were they able to carry them out? Who were the Shiites and who were the Sunni? Why did the Abbasid move their capital to Baghdad? What was the Green Dome? Why was Baghdad a wealthy city? What were some of the most notable discoveries of the Arabs? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was the Rubaiyat and who wrote it? What are the names of some of the other literature of the Arabs? Where was the greatest mosque built and what did it mark? Section 3-The empires influenced Slavs and Turks Who were the Slavs? How did the Slavs convert to Christianity? Who was the greatest Slavic monk and what did he accomplish? What is contained in the Primary Chronicle? From where did the first Russians migrate? What was the first Russian princes name and where was the capital? How did Kievan Russia become Christian? What city was the center for Russian Christianity? What event broke the power of the Abbasids? Who took over the city of Baghdad? Who was Osman? Who were the ghazis? Who was the Ottoman sultan that captured Constantinople? ?? ?? ?? ?? 1