Chapter 6-The Roman Republic (Sections 1-3 pages 130-147) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans influenced roman culture. In 509 B.C., Rome switched from being an aristocracy to being a republic. Roman society was divided into two classes patricians and plebeians. As the plebeians won more and more power, Rome gradually achieved a government that blended elements of a monarchy, aristocracy, and a democracy. By 265 B.C., Rome began to expand around the Mediterranean. As Rome began fighting a series of wars with Carthage called the Punic wars and slavery began to spread Rome also changed. The political climate in Rome became increasingly violent and by 44 B.C., the Roman leader Julius Caesar was assassinated changing the rest of Roman history. Section 1-The Romans Built a Great City Why is geography important to the success of Rome? What was the first group to settle in Italy? Where did Latin shepherds settled? What was the second group to settle in Italy? What was the third group to settle in Italy? How were the Etruscans different than their Latin neighbors? Where did the Romans get their ideas regarding gods and goddesses? What was the Forum? What would happen to anyone who declared himself king of Rome? What is a republic? What was gravitas? What was the idea of pater familias? What kind of power did the pater familias have? Who was in charge of the daily running of the household in Rome? What was the name given to the Roman upper class? Who were the plebeians? Who was required to serve in the Roman army? What was a legion and how did it fight? Why was a legion more powerful than a phalanx? Section 2-The Roman Republic Spread its power What jobs were not allowed to be given to plebeians? How were the plebeians able to win a greater share of political power? How did laws change as plebeians gained more control? What were the twelve tables? Who were the consuls and what were the limits on their power? What was the senate? Who served in the assembly? When could a dictator be appointed and how long could he serve? Who was the ideal Roman dictator and how so? Who were the Gauls and where were they from? How did the Romans react after the Gauls left the city? Who was Pyrrhus? What was the lesson learned by Pyrrhus? What policy helped Rome to succeed in building a long-lasting empire? Why did Rome and Carthage go to war? What was the name of the wars between Rome and Carthage? What were the strengths of Carthage? What were Rome's advantages and disadvantages in a war against Carthage? How did luck play a role in helping Rome defeat Carthage? Who won the first Punic war? Who was the leader of Carthage in the second Punic War? What was Hannibal's plan to invade Italy? How did Hannibal's plan fail? What did Scipio accomplish and at what battle? What took place in the third Punic War? What is the legend regarding the destruction of Carthage by Rome? Section 3-Republican Government Collapsed in Rome. What were the latifundia? Who were the proletariat and how were they created? What were triumphs? Who was Spartacus and what happened to his followers? Who were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus and what did they try to accomplish? What happened to the Gracchi? What did Marius accomplish for Rome? Who was Sulla and what did he accomplish for Rome? How did Caesar rise to power in Rome? Who was in the first triumvirate? What did Caesar accomplish in Gaul? What happened to the first triumvirate? How did Caesar defy the senate? When was Caesar appointed dictator? What were some of the changes Caesar introduced? What was the Julian calendar? When did Caesar die and how? What were Caesar's last words? How did Octavian rise to power? Who was in the second Triumvirate? How did the second triumvirate fall apart? What happened to Antony and Cleopatra? What took place at the Battle of Actium? What title did Octavian give himself? What title did the Senate give Octavian? How long did Octavian rule Rome? ?? ?? ?? ?? 1