Chapter 2—Civilization and Empires of Southwest Asia (pages 30-49) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ The first area civilization arose was the Fertile Crescent. In this area they built cities and organized a civilization around Sumeria. Overtime different groups of people overtook the region in various waves of invasion. It was these various groups that introduced monotheism, iron tools, astronomy, and money for trade. Section 1—Civilization arose in the Fertile Crescent. What were scribes? What two rivers were at either side of the Fertile Crescent? What group of people is believed to have started the first civilization? What are the five characteristics of civilization? (Look at the next five subheadings) What were some of the main cities in Sumeria? What is the difference between a village and a city? What were some of the specialized skills that people in the cities of Sumer possessed? Why did fewer people need to spend time farming? What type of writing did the people of Sumeria use? What materials were used in writing in Sumeria? How were cuneiform signs different that the alphabet that we use today? How many symbols were used in cuneiform? What were some types of advanced technology that existed in Sumeria? What was the importance of the introduction of Bronze in Sumeria? What types of institutions existed in Sumeria? What were some of the problems that people in Sumeria faced and why was each a problem? How did the Sumerians try to overcome the problems that they faced? What is a city-state? What were some of the Sumerian city-states? What is a ziggurat? What does it mean to be a polytheist? In what kinds of gods did the Sumerians believe? How did the gods behave according to the Sumerians and how did they overcome the temper of the gods? Where did one go when they died according to the Sumerians? What was the role of the priests in Sumer? How did powerful leaders take over Sumeria? What were some of the classes that existed in Sumeria? What eventually lead to Sumeria’s downfall? Section 2—Newcomers contributed to civilization Who was the main leader of the Amorites? What was the capital for the Amorites? What was the Code of Hammurabi and what was contained in the code? What were the three fundamental principles of Hammurabi’s code? What were the Phoenicians’ known for? How many snails did it take to make a pound of purple dye? What was the effect on the Mediterranean of the Phoenicians trading? What was unique and what was lasting about the alphabet of the Phoenicans? What did the Jews introduce to civilization? How did the Jews become slaves of Egypt? What was the important of Moses to the Jews? What was the covenant that the Jews had? Where did the Jews establish a kingdom? Who were notable Jewish kings? Who were the prophets? What is ethical monotheism? Who introduced iron tools? What were the advantages of iron over bronze tools? Section 3—Conquerors ruled ever larger empires What were the notable contributions of the Assyrians? What was important or unique about the Assyrian army? What was the capital city of the Assyrians? What was the capital for the Chaldeans? What was impressive about Babylon during the time of the Chaldeans? What “science” did the Chaldeans introduce? What happened to the Jews during the reign of the Babylonian Chaldeans? How long did Nebuchadnezzar govern? When did the Persians rise to power? What were some notable contributions of the Persians? What was the purpose of the satrap? What tools did Darius use to hold his kingdom together? Who was Zoroaster and what were some of his beliefs? How long did the Persian empire last and what were the lasting contributions? ?? ?? ?? ?? 5