Chapter 26: The Turn of the Century (Sections 1-5: Pages 592-611) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ Chapter 26: The Turn of the Century Section 1—Inventions changed ways of life Why was the introduction of steel important in world history? What were the benefits of steel over iron? How did Henry Bessemer change steel production? How did steel change architecture? What other invention allowed for the introduction of the skyscraper? What was discovered by Alessandro Volta and Michael Faraday? What did Zenobe Geramme introduce? What was one of the inventions of Thomas Alva Edison? What invention created Edison’s wealth? What nickname was Edison known by and why? What was Edison’s invention involving electricity? Alexander Graham Bell had what studies in his background? When did Bell introduce the telephone? What did James C. Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz discover? What was Marconi’s invention? When was the first wireless telegraph signal sent across the Atlantic? How does an internal combustion engine operate? What were the benefits of a gasoline engine? Who introduced the first motorcycle? What cars did Daimler introduce? What were Ford’s goals in creating his cars? What is mass production? What are interchangeable parts? Who introduced the idea of interchangeable parts? (Part 2 ask Sanchez) What was the purpose of the assembly line? Who pioneered assembly line theory? (Ask Sanchez) When, where, and by who was the first airplane launched? How long was the first flight? Section 2: Science presented new ideas What had Jenner’s discovery done for western Europe? What gases were introcuded by American doctors and dentists and to what benefit? What did Joseph Lister discover? What did Louis Pasteur discover? What is pasteurization? What is the idea of special creation? According to Darwin’s book The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection what major premises were put forth? 1. 2. 3. What did Darwin feel his theories explained? Darwin’s ideas became known as what theory? Why did Darwin’s theories provoke debate in society? How did Darwin further fuel this debate? How were Darwin’s ideas incorrectly applied to politics and economics? Who made the connection between Darwinism and economics and politics? What did social Darwinists believe? What did Friedrich Nietzsche believe? What work did Gregor Mendel lay the ground for study? What did Robert Koch prove? What did John Koch prove? What did Dmitri Mendeleev create? What did the Curies discover? What discoveries were made in physics at this time? Section 3: Women sought rights and freedoms. What were some of the economic problems faced by women? How did unions ignore the plight of women? How did laws gradually work to help women and what was the problem with the laws? What kinds of jobs did working women hold in the late 1800’s 1. 2. 3. What jobs were open to middle class women? 1. 2. 3. 4. Who was Florence Nightingale? What new jobs were being created for women by 1900? What legal troubles were faced by women? What did Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony do in the U.S.? What organization was founded in 1888? What organization did Carrie Chapman Catt form? What organization was formed by Emmeline Pankhurst? What actions did the WPSU engage in to attempt to bring about women’s suffrage? What areas of the world gave women the right to vote before World War I? Section 4: Art and entertainment took new forms What was impressionism? What style of painting did impressionists use? Who were some impressionist artists? What did post impressionists hope to achieve with their art? Who were some of the postimpressionists artists? What did expressionists hope to achieve with their art? Who were some of the expressionist artists? What did cubists hope to achieve with their art? Who were some of the cubist artists? Who composed romantic operas? What type of music did Richard Wagner introduce? What type of composition was introduced by Debussy and Ravel? What popular music was introduced during the period? What is mass culture? What caused the rise of mass culture? 1. 2. 3. What new leisure activities were introduced? When did the Olympic games begin again? Describe some of the early movies? What was the first feature film and when was it introduced? Section 5: Europe faced rising tensions What two major changes occurred in European politics by 1914? How did the fact that upper houses were not elected affect full democracy? What was the Reichstag? What was the Bundesrat? Who named the chancellor of Germany? What program did Bismarck introduce in Germany? What was the motivation of Bismarck’s social programs? How did Bismarck’s career end? What two groups controlled Britian in the late 1800’s? What problems did Britain face with the Irish? What program did David Lloyd George introduce? When the House of Lords rejected Lloyd’s proposal what occurred? What were the 1900s known as to the wealthy of Europe? What did anarchists believe? What problems loomed in Europe? 1. 2. 3. What are pograms?