World History Sanchez Chapter 23—Restoration, Romanticism, and Revolution (Sections 1-4 pages 526-543) 5th period Section 1—European leaders sought stability Courtney, Laura, Tay, Daniel, JohnieSue Who were the five Great Powers? Which four of the five great powers attended the Congress of Vienna? What was a great power? How long did the Vienna settlement last? During what years? For what country did Metternich serve as foreign minister What was Metternich’s perception of the ideals of the French Revolution? What were Metternich’s three goals at the Congress of Vienna? 1. 2. 3. How long did the Congress of Vienna last? Why was there a delay of nine months in the meeting of the Congress of Vienna? What did the Congress of Vienna do to keep France from renewing its power? Why did the powers of Europe not want to destroy France completely? How did the countries around France attempt to treat it fairly? What was the principal of legitimacy and how was it applied in this situation? How was the Congress of Vienna successful? What were the major political labels from the French Revolution? 1. 2. 3. What is conservatism? How was it applied during the period? What is liberalism? How was it applied? Why government did liberals favor? What types of government did Radicals support? What group did many radicals come from? What was the only great power with a true Constitutional Monarchy? When a government has a constitutional monarchy who has the most power? Who could vote and participate in Parliament? In what area were the more conservative governments located? Which rulers in Europe still practiced absolute monarchy? How was France divided after 1815? Section 2: New ideals affected politics and art Charlotte, Megan, Risha, Chrissie, Petey What is nationalism? What is a nation-state? What were the only two countries in Europe that qualified as Nation-states in 1815? 1. 2. During what movement was modern nationalism born? How did nationalism lead to the downfall of France? How was nationalism often spread in Europe? What was the first new nation-state to win its freedom? What empire did Greece have to gain its freedom from? When did the Greek war for independence begin? What were the two advantages that the Greeks had over the other groups that had tried for independence? 1. 2. When and where did the combined fleet of the Great Powers side with Greece against the Ottoman Empire? Who ruled the different pieces of Italy? After what event is the idea of nationalism born in Italy? Who was Giuseppe Mazzini? What were the goals of Young Italy? What was Metternich’s reaction to the movement of Young Italy? What was the Federal Diet? What were the two largest states of the German Confederation? What was the largest and most powerful member of the German Confederation in 1815? What was the dominant national group within the German empire? What was the second great intellectual movement that began around 1800? Romanticism was a reaction against what movement? What were the four distinctive characteristics of Romanticism? 1. 2. 3. 4. What arts other than literature reflected the ideals of the Enlightenment? In Ludwig van Beethoven’s earlier years as a composer, he wrote his music in what manner? What did Beethoven’s last symphony (ninth) celebrate? How was nationalism connected to romanticism? Section 3: Latin America won independence. Joe, Allyson, AJ, What areas are included in the region of Latin America? How did the conditions from the revolutionaries in Latin America differ from those in the U.S? Who were the peninsulars and what positions did they hold in Latin America? Who were the creoles? What groups did the common people make up? 1. 2. What was the first Latin American country to free itself from colonial rule? Who was Toussaint L’Overture? Why did the Creoles want independence in Haiti? What sections of South America were freed by Simon Bolivar? Who freed Argentina and the rest of Southern South America? What happened at the Battle of Ayacocho? How did Brazil gain independence? Who was the emperor of Brazil? What was the name of the priest who led a group of revolting Creoles? Whose army controlled all of Mexico except for the largest cities? What creole officer killed Morelos and later made himself emperor? Who were the caudillos? What was contained in the Monroe Doctrine? What was the only real economic rival for Great Britain in Latin America? In what country did Native Americans and mestizos take a leading part in the struggle for independence? When was the first outbreak of the Mexican revolution? Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo? On what day did Hidalgo call on his parish? Hidalgo’s peasants marched to what city? What weapons did Hidalgo’s peasants carry? What happened to Hidalgo after his betrayal? When was Mexico declared independent? Section 4: Reform and Revolution swept Europe Caitlin, Casey, Katherine, Chris In what year did the reign of France’s Charles X end? Why did the revolution turn against Charles X? What first sparked the revolution? Where was Charles X forced to flee? After Charles X’s reign who took over the French crown? What was the promise of Louis Philippe? What was contained in the Reform Bill of 1832? Describe the conditions faced by workers in the mid 1800’s in Britain? Who was Daniel O’Connell? What took place in 1848? In what countries were there revolutions in 1848? What countries were not touched by the revolutions of 1848? Describe the reign of Louis Napoleon? How long did Louis Napoleon rule France?