Chapter 16-The Reformation and the Scientific Revolution (Sections 1-4 pages 373-389) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ Section 1-Martin Luther Began a Religious Revolt Look at page 256. Who were Wycliff and Huss? What were some of the complaints against the clergy? What two groups of people demanded reform and higher standards for religion? Who was Savonarola? What were the vanities that Savonarola demanded that people destroy? Who were the Christian humanists? What did Erasmus write and what was it about? What did Thomas More write and what was its topic? What was Johann Gutenberg famous for? How did the printing press prepare the way for a religious revolution? 1. 2. 3. 4. What caused Martin Luther to become a monk? What did Luther believe was the key to salvation? What did Johann Tetzel do to offend Martin Luther? What did Luther do on October 31, 1517, in response to Tetzel's actions? What is the Reformation? What were the three main ideas of Luther? 1. 2. 3. What is a papal bull and what was in the bull issued by Leo X? What was contained in the Edict of Worms? Why was Charles unable to stop Luther? 1. 2. What changes took place in Wittenberg due to Luther's actions? What was the name given to the new religious group formed by the followers of Luther? Why did many German princes follow the teachings of Luther? What does the term Protestant mean? Section 2-Protestantism spread in northern Europe In 1521, what was Henry VIII's view of Martin Luther? Why did Henry want to divorce Catherine of Aragon? Why did Pope Clement reject Henry's request for a divorce? How did Parliament gain power to legalize Henry's divorce? What was contained in the 1534, Act of Supremacy? Why was More executed by Henry VIII? Why did Henry close all monasteries in England? How did Henry remain more Catholic than Protestant? How many times did Henry VIII marry? Which two of Henry's children were Protestant? What did Marguerite of Navarre do for Protestantism in France? Why did Protestantism appeal to the middle classes? What was the book published by Calvin in 1536? According to Calvin who were the elect? What is predestination? What type of government did Calvin want to create? Where did Calvin establish a theocracy? What were some of the rules for people who lived in Geneva? What did Knox set up in Scottish towns? Who were the Presbyters? What religion formed from Knox's teachings? What were followers of Calvin in France called? Chapter 16-The Reformation and the Scientific Revolution (Sections 1-4 pages 373-389) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ Section 3-The Catholic Church made Reforms Who was Ignatius of Loyola or Saint Ignatius? What was contained in the Spiritual Exercises? What were the two names given to the new monastic group founded by Ignatius? What was unique about the Jesuits? What were the three main activities of the Jesuits? 1. 2. 3. What were the two main goals of Pope's Paul III and Paul IV? 1. 2. What were the three steps toward reform taken by Pope Paul III? 1. 2. 3. What were the four doctrines agreed on at the Council of Trent? 1. 2. 3. 4. What was contained in the Index of Forbidden Books? What are the two names given to the reform movement within the Catholic church? What was decided at the Peace of Augsburg? According to the Peace of Augsburg what forms of Protestantism were outlawed? What happened to Charles V after the Peace of Augsburg and how did he divide his territory? Section 4-Scientist challenged old assumptions What was the Scientific Revolution? What did the Geocentric theory teach? Who taught the geocentric theory? Who taught the heliocentric theory? What was the heliocentric theory? What did Tycho Brahe accomplish? What did Kepler do with Brahe's work? What were Kepler's three laws of planetary motion? 1. 2. 3. What is the scientific method? What was the law of the pendulum and why was it significant? What were some of the other observations of Galileo? 1. 2. 3. What did the Catholic church do to Galileo because of his teachings? What did Vesalius show in his book On the Fabric of the Human Body? What were the discoveries of Harvey? What did Zacharias Jansen accomplish? What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek accomplish? What did Gabriel Fahrenheit accomplish? How were the discoveries of Celsius different from Fahrenheit? What did Torricelli discover? ?? ?? ?? ?? 1