Chapter 10-The High Middle Ages (Sections 1-5 pages 222-245) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ As the Middle Ages progress better farming makes it possible for farmers to grow more food, which led to a population increase. People began to move into town that led to and increase in trade and the formations of guilds for merchants and artisans. The power of the church is evidenced in the construction of large "gothic" cathedrals. During this period though kings and popes engage in many different struggles for power. England and France develop the basis for strong central government. Yet, Germany attempts and fails to unite. During the High Middle Ages the first universities are formed in Europe and interest in learning begins to grow as ancient Greek writings are rediscovered. As chivalry and romantic love emerge there is a change in the role of knights and women in society. In 1095, the pope calls for Christians to go and regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. This series of wars is known as the Crusades. Section 1-Farming Improved and Trade Revived What were the improvements in the plow introduced during the reign of Charlemagne? What was the advantage of horses over oxen? What was the advancement in horse collars that allowed horses to be used in plowing? How were crops divided in the early Middle Ages? How did the three-field system of farming work? What was the advantage of the three-field system over the two-field system of farming? Why did the population of Europe begin to increase between 1000 and 1150? What was the new social class formed by townspeople in the High Middle Ages? Who were the burghers and the bourgeoisie? What jobs were often given to Jews during this period of time? What is a relic? What took place at the weekly fairs like the ones in Chartres? What was different about the evetns at the great fairs? What is a guild? What were the first guilds? Who belonged to the craft guilds? What were the functions of the guild? What were masters of the trade, apprenctices, and journeymen? What made a serf free? What was the purpose of the town charters? Section 2-Religious leaders wielded great power What was the location of the new French monastery and who was its founder? What order did the bishops and cluny follow? What was the new order of monks and nuns formed after the year 1000? How was the Cistercian order different than the Benedictine order? What was the church decree in 1059? What were the threee conditions that reformers wanted to abolish in the church? 1. 2. 3. What were the reforms introduced by Gregory VII? What did Henry IV of Germany do in response to the actions of Gregory VII? What did Gregory do in response to Henry? What was Henry forced to do in the winter of 1077 and what was Gregory's response? What was contained in the Concordat of Worms? What was the interdict? What is canon law? What type of taxes did the church collect? What are heresies? What was the Inquisition? Who were friars and what purpose did they serve? What was the name of the earliest order of friars? How did Francis of Assisi start preaching? What are the features of Romanesque architecture? What were the goals of Suger at Saint Denis? What were the features of Gothic architecture? 1. 2. 3. What is one of the tallest examples of Gothic architecture? Chapter 10-The High Middle Ages (Sections 1-5 pages 222-245) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ As the Middle Ages progress better farming makes it possible for farmers to grow more food, which led to a population increase. People began to move into town that led to and increase in trade and the formations of guilds for merchants and artisans. The power of the church is evidenced in the construction of large "gothic" cathedrals. During this period though kings and popes engage in many different struggles for power. England and France develop the basis for strong central government. Yet, Germany attempts and fails to unite. During the High Middle Ages the first universities are formed in Europe and interest in learning begins to grow as ancient Greek writings are rediscovered. As chivalry and romantic love emerge there is a change in the role of knights and women in society. In 1095, the pope calls for Christians to go and regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. This series of wars is known as the Crusades. Section 3-Royal governments grew Stronger What was the name of the king who laid the foundations for royal power in England and where was he from? Who were the two rivals for the crown of England in 1066? How did the Normans win the Battle of Hastings? What was William's nickname after the Battle of Hastings? How did William divide England after his victory? What was Henry II's greatest achievement? What was the purpose of a jury in medieval times? What was the basis for the formation of common law? Who was the last member of the Carolingian family in France? Who was the first of the Capetian dynasty to rule? Why was Hugh Capet chosen to rule France? How long did the Capetian's rule France? After the death of the last Carolingian in Germany how was the next king chosen? Who was the next king of Germany? What did Otto the Great accomplish in Germany? Who did Otto maintain control of the Church in Germany? How did the German-Italian empire become known as the Holy Roman Empire? Why was Frederick I called Frederick Barbarossa? What happened at the Battle of Legnano? Did Germany remain united after the medieval period? Section 4--Learning revived and spread. What were the first universities in Europe made of? Who were the first students in Europe to attend university? How much did books cost? What were the requirements for various degrees at the time? What ancient knowledge was revived at the time? What was the basis for the arguments of Thomas Aquinas? What were some of the writings of Thomas Aquinas? What were chansons de geste? What was the Song of Roland about? What were two other popular stories at the time? What was chivalry? What did a page do? When did a page become a squire and what did he do? When did a squire become a knight and what was the process for becoming one? What took place in tournaments? What were troubadours? Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine and how did she encourage troubadours? What did her children accomplish? What were the limits on roles for women during the period? When did women often marry during the period and how old were the men they married? Chapter 10-The High Middle Ages (Sections 1-5 pages 222-245) World History Sanchez Name _____________________________________ As the Middle Ages progress better farming makes it possible for farmers to grow more food, which led to a population increase. People began to move into town that led to and increase in trade and the formations of guilds for merchants and artisans. The power of the church is evidenced in the construction of large "gothic" cathedrals. During this period though kings and popes engage in many different struggles for power. England and France develop the basis for strong central government. Yet, Germany attempts and fails to unite. During the High Middle Ages the first universities are formed in Europe and interest in learning begins to grow as ancient Greek writings are rediscovered. As chivalry and romantic love emerge there is a change in the role of knights and women in society. In 1095, the pope calls for Christians to go and regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. This series of wars is known as the Crusades. Section 5-Crusaders marched against Islam What was the name of the pope that called for the beginning of the Crusades? What were the purposes of the Crusades? What year did the Crusades begin? How many knights served in the Crusades? What were Urban II's goals with the Crusades? Why did knights fight in the Crusades? What were the goals of merchants in the crusades? What happened when the Crusaders reached Jerusalem? What was the name of the Muslim leader who reclaimed Jerusalem? What was the Third Crusade also known as? Who were the three monarchs that went on the third Crusade? What was the outcome of the fourth Crusade? Which of the later Crusades was most successful and why? When was the final Christian defeat? What were the five main accomplishments of the Crusades? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?? ?? ?? ?? 1