The Americans
Chapter 15 Outline
Sanchez

Immigrants and Urbanization

I.	The New Immigrants
a.	Through the Golden Door
i.	What changes in immigration occurred in the late 1800's?
ii.	Why did many immigrants come from Southern and Eastern Europe?
iii.	What was the situation faced by Jewish immigrants?
iv.	What were people coming form China and Japan?
v.	Why was the Mexican population increasing?
b.	Life in the New Land
i.	What was the journey to America like for immigrants?
ii.	What did the immigrants face once they reached Ellis Island?
iii.	…Angel Island?
iv.	How did the immigrants face culture shock?
v.	How did the bond together for the sake of survival?
c.	Immigration Restrictions
i.	What did it mean for a community to be called a melting pot?
ii.	What was nativism and how did it impact the attitudes towards new 
immigrants?
iii.	Why did many in the west resent the Asians?
iv.	What was contained in the Chinese Exclusion Act?
v.	What prompted the Gentleman's Agreement and what did it contain?
II.	The Problems of Urbanization
a.	Urban Opportunities
i.	Why did cities grow so rapidly in the late 1800's?
ii.	Why did many immigrants settle in the cities?
iii.	Why did people migrate from country to city?
iv.	Who was involved in this immigration?
b.	Urban Problems
i.	What were row houses and dumbbell tenements?
ii.	What were the particular problems in urban housing?
iii.	What forms of transportation were introduced and what problems were 
related to changes in transportation?
iv.	How were clean water and sanitation problems?
v.	What problems did fire cause in a city?
vi.	What happened in Chicago in 1871 and San Francisco in 1906?
vii.	How was crime a problem?
c.	Reformers Mobilize
i.	What was the Social Gospel?
ii.	What was the Settlement House Movement and who were the primary 
leaders?

III.	The Emergence of the Political Machine
a.	Political Machines Run the Cities
i.	What was a political machine?
ii.	How did the political machine work?
iii.	What was the role of the political boss?
iv.	How did the boss help the poor in major cities?
v.	How did immigrants relate into the political machine?
b.	Municipal Graft and Scandal
i.	What were some notable examples of graft during the period?
ii.	What was a kickback?
iii.	What happened in relation to Tammany Hall and the Tweed Ring?
iv.	Who is the man credited with destroying the Tweed Ring and how did he 
accomplish the task?
IV.	Politics in the Gilded Age
a.	Civil Service Replaces Patronage
i.	What was patronage and how did it cause a problem?
ii.	Which president is credited with beginning the system of patronage?
iii.	How would civil service improve the government?
iv.	What role did Rutherford Hayes play in civil service reform?
v.	What happened to Garfield and why?
vi.	What was the purpose of the Pendleton Act and how successful was the 
act?
b.	Efforts to Regulate Tariffs Fail
i.	What was the difficulty presented by tariffs, but how were they a 
beneficial item?
ii.	How did the issue impact the election of 1888?