6.
About nature of vacuum
6.1.
Properties of vacuum
Vacuum. Mysterious concept causing a lot
of disputes. Let's try to analyse the sense, which it contains, if considered
as an element of information systems.
Analyzing all
known systems of interaction it is possible to make a conclusion, that, despite
of all their variety, one of their major elements is vacuum. It is possible to
allocate the different forms of vacuum, for example, there is an information
and physical vacuum. The information vacuum can exist as a blank between the
letters and words in symbolic (writing) IS, and as a pause between sounds in
acoustic IS. Vacuum is an organic component of all information systems and all
physical systems of interaction and,
essencially, is a primary object of any information and physical systems
of interaction.
Let's consider
properties of vacuum of various systems of interaction.
In numerical
one-demensional space, for example, vacuum will exist as a line of numbers in
area between two next numbers. The concept " the next numbers " is
defined by accuracy of definition of numbers. If the space (line) only of
integers is considered, vacuum in this numerical space will be everything,
which is bigger or smaller of each concrete integer. In such space it is
impossible to determine size of the fractional order and any not an integer. If
to take a decimal line of numbers with small, but final step between them,
under condition of of a step's end, vacuum will be determined in this case as
an interval between the numbers, which are settling down with accuracy, chosen by
us. Any final accuracy of a numerical line we set, the numerical vacuum will
take place always between numbers, as by points of the elementary numerical
space. As we see, the numerical vacuum reflects logic of final accuracy of
definition of a numerical line.
Proceeding from
this, vacuum divides objects. It is necessary to distinguish vacuum and space.
The space is formed by set of objects, incorporated by single system of
interaction.
In archaic
models of the world the space "is alive" and is filled with internal
life power. It does not precede things, and is created and defined by them. It is always filled.
Outside things space is not present. The space can not exist without time, and
time without space. Time and space form indissoluble unity.
In mathematics,
space is the set of objects, between which the certain relations are
established. There are well known Euclidos' three-dimensional space and some
versions of multimeasured space named after their researchers - Lobachevskiy,
Riman and others. The concept of phase space of objects' statuses is used in
the management theory.
It is possible
to allocate numerical space, i.e. the space formed by numerical objects. It is
possible to name the set of letters, which form any information formation, as
information space, for example, language of national dialogue. Generally, an
information space is a space, formed by set of objects, having an information
nature. Any information system forms the space of information objects, and the
properties of this space will be wholly and completely defined by properties of
these objects.
There is a
physical space, created by elementary particles and fundamental fields. Real
physical vacuum we observe as an area of the physical space, which has been not
engaged by objects of a physical nature.
The well known
aphorism says, that "nature does not bear the emptiness". It can have
the other side - all in the world around us
is constructed with the "help" of emptiness.
At the same
time, in physical space, surrounding us, there is no absolute vacuum. All
space, around us, is under influence of a various sort of material formations
and fields. The quantums of space can be perceived by us, only if they are in a
status of concrete fields and material formations. And there is no reason to
speak about their existance as concrete formations, so long as the quantums of
space are in a formal status, i.e. in course of complete absence of the
information in them, shown in properties of these quantums, because the fact of
their existence is formal and is used by our consciousness only as methodical
reception. Naturally, therefore, to call
quantums of space in a formal status as vacuum or quantums of vacuum.
Ideal quantum
of space, existing as abstract vacuum, does not have neither time, nor sizes, actually. Quantum of vacuum can exist
only formally and is reflected in our consciousness with the help of abstract
model or abstract concept. Practically it is impossible to allocate any
concrete space quantum from general space, in which we exist, till it is a
vacuum. Really, whether it is possible to speak about the sizes of emptiness?
Or about the sizes of quantum of emptiness?
There is the
hierarchy of systems of interaction in our world. Apparently, preelementary (or
subelementary) system of interaction is the base of this hierarchy, (maybe, it
is a system of primary fields - electrical, magnetic and gravitational), which
determines the interaction laws of quantum objects and values of fundamental
basic constants of our universe, i.e. as though formats our space and time,
defines their dimension. It is possible to assume, that this system of
interaction is so primary, that it can not consist of physical objects any
more, as then there would be a question of “what are these primary objects
consist of and what determines the concrete logic of interaction of these
objects?” Again there will be no primacy of this SI. But, if these objects are
not of a physical nature, they should have a formal nature - i.e. should
contain in properties of physical vacuum. Such objects can not be constructed
from quantums of our physical system of interactions any more. But objects,
caused by superinteraction of superstructures of information systems only.
It is possible
to consider, that the physical vacuum carries elements of formality, as it
simultaneously exists and does not exist in physical sense. On the one hand, we
know, that the real vacuum is formed by imposing of physical fields of
elementary objects’ set, but on the other hand it is impossible to allocate
with any quantum of vacuum till it "will not be deformed" and will
not turn in some physical object, for example, elementary particle.
The same can be
said about information vacuum of information systems of interaction. It is
possible to determine an area of space (physical or information), engaged by
vacuum, or to identify with the greater or smaller accuracy some points of this
space by introduction of some systems of coordinates.
On all
probability the processes of formatting of physical vacuum, as formation of
space dimension, take place. The research of this phenomenon represents the
large interest. On the one hand, it is clear, that if the space forms set of
objects in some system of interaction, then, algorithms of dimension formatting
should be incorporated in properties of quantums of this system. Two abstract
dot objects without personal sizes, can create one-dimensional space - a line. Three dot objects can create
two-dimensional space. Four objects are under certain conditions capable to
create three-dimensional space. Five and even more dot objects will not create
four-dimensional space at any conditions. At least, in practice we do not
notice this. But we shall return to consideration of vacuum properties.
Let's consider
certain logical object, situated out of space and time, which does not contain
any attributes and can not be allocated and considered in any way, and
therefore, can not in anyhow be determined on the essence. Let's consider what
is not present in nature, so, never was and never can arise.
However, we
shall think about it. At that moment, when you have read these lines and have
realized their sense, at the moment of comprehension of sense of the given
definition in information space of your consciousness (in your biocomputer
program and in your memory), the model of such object was formed. There was a
small miracle - in concrete information system of your consciousness appeared
the new object (created extremely by you personally), which obviously exists in
information system of your consciousness as concrete concept, i.e. as system of
interaction of information objects of your consciousness, as biocomputer
program. This object already has arisen and exists in memory of your brain. And
it will exist till you will not forget about it. It will be much more difficult
to you to destriy this object, to forget about it, than to create it.
Moreover, in
physical system of your organizm, this object will be formed by the certain spatial
- temporary sequence of nervous pulses, i.e. it will have a hyperimage in the
structure of your body, dual to your consciousness and superinteracting with
her.
Let's name this
object as "model of quantum of information vacuum" (QIV). Difference
between quantum of absolute information vacuum and its model in your
consciousness is, that the absolute information vacuum is impossible in nature,
and its model in your consciousness is already created by you, and you can
investigate and manipulate her.
Our
consciousness, soul and brain is the original information copy of the world
around us, and everything that is possible in our consciousness, soul and brain
- is possible in space, around us. If we can easily enough understand and use
the concept of quantum of information vacuum as quantum of absolute emptiness,
of absolute absence of everything, the concept "anything" already
exists in our consciousness. And if it can really exist in our consciousness as
a concept-model, it means, that quantum of informational vacuum can and should
really exist in the world.
As it was shown
earlier, there are quantums of information vacuum in all information systems,
as reflections of absolute information vacuum. But then it is necessary to
admit, that the original of quantum of absolute information vacuum can exist
objectively out of our consciousness, because a concept of absolute emptiness
(or quantum of absolute emptiness) appeared in our consciousness, as reflection
in a mirror, in reply to formal existence of real quantums of information
vacuum and secondary reflections, born by them. Even the possibility to write
something down about vacuum, gives us
an idea of existence of "anything". It has no size, weight, and time, but, nevertheless, it exists.
That "anything" doesn't have
anything, i.e. there are no properties, and this allocates it from the
environmental reality and multitude of
other concepts. And if "anything" has some property, which we
can realize, it will really exist in our consciousness, as in the biological
computer program, determined by us as the active information.
Hence, a
concept of absolute informational vacuum can really arise, exist and to be used
in environment of the internal computer program of each man, as a model of
quantum of information vacuum.
At the same
time it is impossible to speak about physical existence of quantums of absolute
vacuum, because by definition they can not and should not be shown in any way.
It can be
considered, that the physical existence of this creation is absolutely formal.
Any property is
a reflection of the information and is actually an information. And if the
ideal information vacuum has the certain properties, which it can be identified
by, consequently, it has a certain information, and it becomes to be not an
information vacuum, but concrete formation with concrete properties and
information too. If so, we come to the contradiction. On the one hand, we
assume formal existence of ideal information physical vacuum, in which there is
no information absolutely. But, on the other hand, if this formation is
identified, it has the certain properties, and these properties are the
concrete information, already incorporated even in quantum of absolute
information vacuum. It means, that it is not a quantum of absolute information
vacuum.
It becomes
possible to make a conclusion opposite to previous one, i.e. the recognition of
impossibility of existence of absolute information vacuum.
Thus, we have a
paradox - we can insert the concept, we can use it, but the original of this
concept, its prototype can't exist physically. Moreover, the concept loses the
sense at definition of its properties. Again we see the most interesting
phenomenon here. It is found out, that our brain, our consciousness - is the
rough enough information machine. As soon as abstract quantum of absolute
information vacuum appeares in the sphere of activity of this machine, it
"becomes polluted" or "is deformed informationally " at
once, only because we think of it. While we only have caused the concept of
"quantum of information vacuum" as an active information in our
consciousness, in our biocomputer program, at this moment this quantum of
absolute information vacuum is concretized and ceases to be a quantum of
absolute info-vacuum. It is filled (or deformed) by concrete
"polluting" information - multitude of concepts used by our
information machine at creation of its model and at discussion about this
quantum.
We can say
about this "polluted" formation, that it is generated by the concrete
bioprogram (consciousness) of the concrete man with the help of a concrete set
of concepts at the concrete moment of time in a concrete point of the universe
etc. And it is not a quantum of info-vacuum any more, but a concrete
information, a concrete information creation. Thus, during the process of
thinking in a brain, as a fact of the biocomputer work, the new concepts-new
information creations are generated from quantums of information vacuum with
the help of a concrete set of concepts.
Precisely as
"quantum of emptiness" or the ideal physical vacuum turns to concrete
creation, capable to cooperate with similar creations, but only in case when it
somehow will receive the appropriate information about this status. It is
necessary to give some results of popular experiments, confirming this idea,
when some new elementary particles appear from physical vacuum under the
special conditions of interaction of elementary particles. It confirms our
point of view, that the material bodies or fields are the information itself,
but in a materialized aspect, where the matter acts as the active information,
i.e. information capable to cooperate with the information around it, in the
aspect of the same matter (of the active information). All parameters of this
matter (fields, particles and objects, formed from them,), such as personal
time, sizes, speed, weight, intensity and other features - are nothing, but the
information, brought to this active program and created as a result of
interaction of information systems.
Hence, as soon
as an information will be reflected on any elementary quantum of physical
vacuum, it becomes quite concrete creation with quite concrete characteristics.
Such
construction of vacuum explains process of bodies' movement, as a process of
transfer of the information from some quantums of formal vacuum to others.
Receiving the information from neighbouring transmitting quantum, the next
quantum of physical vacuum, which had accepted the information, passes to the
same status, in which transmitting quantum of vacuum was for some time. The
quantum - transmitter, having given back the information, comes back in a
formal status and ceases to exist as material object in physical system of
interactions. Apparently, all occurs precisely the same as in cells of memory
of computers or on the screen of TV sets, where only the information image of
object is moving. But the cells of memory and luminous points on the screen do
not disappear from the material world, and pass in an inactive status. And it
is a unique difference. Quantums of physical vacuum can't move in space,
because they are formal objects, which do not exist in our physical system of
interactions without the information.
Let's make
conclusions, which follow from the definition of ideal information vacuum:
"Certain logical (or information) object out of space and time, which does
not contain any attributes, can not be allocated and discussed, and
consequently, can not be determined, i.e. it is not present in material nature,
and, never existed and never can appear".
Conclusion 1.
There is no absolute information vacuum, as the material creation, in a
physical nature. It can exist formally. Hence, nature and universe never existed,
doesn't exist and will not appear in the status of emptyness, when all nature
represented an absolute information vacuum.
Conclusion 2.
Nature will never be in a status, when "everything"l isl turn to
"nothing", to absolute information vacuum. Hence, nature is eternal
and is infinite in space and time. Nobody created Nature, she never arose
itself and consequently never will disappear and will not die, but she always
exists in movement and change only.
Conclusion 3.
The creation of logical and physical models of information vacuum is possible,
but at the analysis of properties of these models it is always necessary to
remember, that between models and their origina, which exist only in the formal
form, there will be a number of essential distinctions, caused by specification
of models. In particular, the physical vacuum is only real physical model of
information vacuum, which is concretized by a lot of physical parameters,
inherent to concrete physical information system.
Using above
mentioned logical model of ideal information vacuum, we shall consider a
fantastic case of zero readout of time, when universe did not exist. We admit,
that there was nothing. But, according to definition, "nothing" is a
quantum of ideal or absolute information vacuum, and it is already something.
Hence, again we come to a conclusion, that "nothing" can not exist,
but always something existed. But we, people, are so curious, that we can set
to ourselves an eternal question again and again: "And nevertheless, what
was then, when nothing was? "
Quantum of
physical vacuum (further QPV) can be presented as any quantity of such
quantums, including an infinite set QPV. The quantity does not play any role
and does not influence in any way the properties of QPV. It is possible also to
present this object as formation with any quantity (including an extremely
large) pairs of symmetric attributes, provided that there are simultaneously
attributes and their antipodes in an equal and opposite status in the QPV. The
simultaneous presence of any quantity of pairs antisymmetric attributes does
not influence properties of QPV, till the parity and antisymmetry is kept in
them, because the attribute and its antipode, cooperating in QPV, mutually is
destroyed by any external displays of these attributes.
Any attribute
of any object is the information about properties of this object. The
opportunity of presence of any quantity of attributes in QPV testifies that it
has some information in it. According to a hypothesis, that the energy is an information,
first of all, (see section 10.3), it is possible to consider, that QPV has or
can derivate any quantity of energy and there is enough information for
creation of any information system in it, such as physical one or of the same
kind of our universe.
It is
interesting note in this connection, that in mathematics there are some very
similar analogues. So the function at g - > p and close to t=0+2pn
periodically behaves as Dirak's delta - function, directing to infinity, and at
t = (2n-1) p and in intervals between them turns to zero. The function pulses,
being periodically shown for a moment, as an indefinitely powerful pulse, and
disappearing in all other intervals of time. In this case it is possible to
consider, that the mathematics gives us the elementary model of QPV, where
antisymmetric pairs of attributes are simulated by symmetric exstrems of
harmonic functions. Thus, the bigger is the quantity of these functions, the
more powerful burst of function appears, and the closer is this function to
zero in the intervals between bursts. Start the programs kwant.exe. to see this
action
The difference,
which can give the important conclusion, is that harmonic functions have
antisymmetric values of attributes (i.e. the extreme values of functions) are
scattered (spreaded) in time.
If to combine
two functions Ð (t) and -Ð (t), where at
any moment of time a concurrence of antisymmetric attributes at each component
will take place, such function at any moment will give the sum of zero value
for the external observer. But its personal values of functions Ð (t) and -Ð (t) will
change at this time from zero up to a maximum, i.e. the internal contents of
the process will remain the same.
It leads os to
an idea that the QPV model is quite probable, where there are two combined
symmetric systems of interactions, - positive and negative, in which pairs of
antisymmetric attributes are spread in time, and the attributes serially change
the values to opposite meanings. For the external observer such system will be
equivalent to QPV, because it will not be shown in the external world and will
not cooperate with it in any way. And, nevertheless, it can be a very complex
object, which can't be found out easily and investigated till this system will
cooperate with our information structures. This system can periodically arise
from anything, to live, to develop, to perfect, and then to disappear (to die,
to fall asleep), again turning for the extraneous observer in
"nothing", in vacuum.
It is
interesting to notice the following. If the system inside QPV develops so, that
her measurements and the temporary parameters become close to other systems',
developing from other QPV, these systems can cooperate and can be united. Then
the reflection of one system can be perceived by other senior system as a pulse
of the large intensity, which has occurred from nothing, or as a not remarkable
and usual object, which has appeared from vacuum.
Don't exclude
an opportunity of a situation, when the spatially-temporary parameters of
arising physical systems will coincide with parameters of our physical system
only partially. And their interaction will be extremely weak or unusual. Such
situation enables occurrences of various objects, which we can observe as
phantoms, ghosts, UFO, but we can't cooperate with them. It should derivate
unimaginably complex effects and fantastic opportunities.
6.2.
Logics of denying the vacuum
Quantum of absolute information vacuum
has no other properties, except the property of absence of all properties, and
is shown as an element of absolute absence of the information. Such object can
exist formally in formal information system only.
In any real
information system there are real quantums of vacuum. As well as any other objects
of this system, quantum of its information vacuum is created from objects of
the senior parent information system, which has formed this IS.
Usually quantum
of vacuum is allocated as object with absence of the information of personal
system. For example, in acoustic IS the pause is a quantum of vacuum, in the
aspect of the moment of absence of the sound information. In symbolic (writing)
IS, it is a blank, i.e. an absence of a symbol. In physical IS, it is the
"empty" space which is not engaged by objects etc. But we can tell
precisely, that the symbol of a blank, for example in any table of the coding
in the aspect of a set of quantums, has the numerical performance as well as
any other symbol, and the blank in writing IS occupies as much paper place, as
well as any other mark.
Thus, real
quantums of vacuum of real information systems are quantums of vacuum only for
their information system. For parent information system, quantum of vacuum of
her affiliated system is the same equal in rights object, as well as all others
and she can make the same interaction with its elements as well as with
elements of other objects.
It is
impartially for other Information Systems of the same level (a parent IS
level). Contrary to information vacuum, the physical vacuum can be considered
as formation, which has a set of properties, but they are not shown, while
quantum of vacuum is in a formal status. It is possible to consider, that all
formal properties in quantum of physical vacuum exist in pairs with their opposites
and compensate each other absolutely.
A formal
qvasyobject of physical vacuum, which has no pair of properties, should exist
as the special case of such formation. Let's designate such object as
"0" and name it as "zero-object".
The application
of operation of denying to vacuum is a variant of influence on its
zero-objects.
Bulevsky's
function of denying assumes, that "1" appears, as a result of
rejecting of zero. Having designated such rejection as G-rejection, we shall
write down
G-rejection (0)
= 1
Hence, the
informal individual object can be formed as a result of simple inversion from
zero - object.
However Bulev's
rejection is not a unique way of rejection. For example, if to allow, that the
occurrence of objects of a different mark is possible in rejecting, we come to
an opportunity of two types rejecting.
For example, Å-rejecting can
be characterized by the fact, that at zero - object rejecting either one
negative (-1) or one positive (+1) object can be formed, and the probability of
occurrence of negative and positive objects at Å-rejecting of
zero - objects is determined by result of cooperation of superinteracting
information systems.
Å-rejecting (0)
= either only Å (-1) or only Å (+1),
And
E (-1) = -E
(+1),
I.e. the
negative object of Å-rejecting will
be an opposite or symmetric reflection of positive object.
This property
of Å-rejecting
distinguishes it from G-rejecting. In G-rejecting differences in objects of denyings,
characterized by the mark, are impossible. If a mark had appeared artificially,
the negative object will be equal to positive one, i.e.,
G (-1) = G
(+1).
The third type
of rejecting is possible, when at rejecting zero - object, two semiobjects -M
(-1) and M (+1) can be formed simultaneously - Ì (-1) and Ì (+1).
Ì-rejecting(0) =
Ì(-1) + Ì(+1).
As the function
of denying does not provide an opportunity of increasing the number of objects,
it is necessary to consider both creations, received as a result of Ì-rejecting, as
inseparable parts of one Ì-object, and
they will be able to exist only together. One object can not exist without
another, but thus
Ì(-1) = -Ì(+1),
I.e. the
negative object of Ì-rejecting will
be an opposite (mirror reflection) of a positive object.
Other variants
of multiple rejection are probable too, but all of them can be counted down to
results of simultaneous influence of three simple types of rejecting.
Thus, three
types of rejecting or three types of inversion of formal zero - objects can
occure in IS, as a result of which they turn to real objects. These types of
inversion have some precise analogues in logic.
So G-rejecting
or the G-inversion has analogy in the aspect of simple rejecting of Bulev's
function "NOT".
The E-inversion
is similar to function "OR", and the Ì-inversion
corresponds the function "AND".
It is possible
to find analogues in physical IS too. For example, objects of an electrical
field, in which separate charges of positive and negative nature are possible,
will correspond E-rejecting.
Objects of a
gravitational nature, capable to carry out interaction only of one type, will
correspond G-objects. And Ì-denying will
meet objects of a magnetic field, which are capable to exist only together and
are not capable to create separate positive and negative charges.
6.3
From formal to real
The transition
from formal to real occurs by change of the formal. Let's consider a formal
system, which does not cooperate in any way with other formal systems, which are
passing through and around her. Such system can't be seen and found out by any
devices. We can say, that such system does not exist for us, because she is not
real for us, but formally we can admit its existence. Hence, the system exists
formally.
If at once we
will authentically get informed, that the formal system has changed, it does
not mean, that after that fact the system has sptoped to be formal for us. But
the fact of her change became a Reality.
For example, a
constant electrical field, constant magnetic field, constant movement can't be
found out, if we are inside limited and isolated area of this influence and do
not receive other information, for example, we are in the completely closed
cabin.
But it is
extremely simple to find out the change of fields and speed of movement.
The problem is,
that all kinds of measurements are based on comparison of one measured
parameter with another (with the
standard) . And initial option values frequently act as standards. All options
of paramenter, which came later are compared to it. If there is no any
difference, i.e. no change, it is impossible to fix the standard, so nothing
can be measured and found out. It means, that everything, that does not change
and does not cooperate with us - does not exist for us really. But if it
appears, it acts formally for us, i.e. it is formal. "Something"
arises and is found out by us only after its change. The change becomes a
reality!
Hence, the Real
arises when the Formal changes! It is not important, what formal parameter will
change. If in information systems all parameters are interconnected, the change
of any formal parameter (time, space or its properties) is able to make the
formal to become real.
For this
reason, everything around us: universe, microworld and life in general, arise
and exists only in development, i.e. in the process of change. Everything will
turn in formality without development and movement.
If the primary
information systems are formal, their change derivates our reality.
Let's look at
the multitude of objects of complex structure. Let's incorporate these objects in common system of interactions by the
fact, that they are capable to cooperate with each other under the circuit
called "everyone with others".
Let interaction
of system's objects consists of the process of reception of minimally necessary
(threshold) volume of the information Imin about j-object, cooperating with
i-object. All intermediate changes, proceeding during the interaction of two
elements of system, will concern only to these cooperating elements, and
therefore they will be instant for the whole system. Thus, process of
interaction will be instant for system.
Any object of
system should cooperate with any other object of system with the certain
probability. Let this probability at the first moment will be casual, and will
change, depending on results of objects' interactions with each other.
Two major
consequences follow from these conditions
1. To enter
this system as an equal element, an object should cooperate with other elements
directly or indirectly, by interaction through the next objects. If the object
will not cooperate with one element of the system - it will disappear from this
system, i.e. it has stoped to exist in this system.
2. The sum of
probabilities Pij should be equal to"1", because the
object is able to exist, when it cooperates with some objects of system
ΣPij=1
It is obvious
from these two conditions, that the probability of interaction of two objects with
each other can not be equal to 1, because if differently, these two objects can
not cooperate with all other objects of system and will disappear from this
system.
Pij<1
3. The
probability of interaction of any object with some others can be equal to zero,
while the probability of interaction of those objects with them can be more
than zero. For example, we can see a star, but the star does not see us. Some
objects can be isolated from direct interaction, but they will enter the system
at the expense of interaction with other objects. This is called an
"indirect interaction".
Degree of
objects' complexity and their sizes in the considered system, can be somehow
large or small, and their real construction has no value. The only property of
their joint interaction is important.
In this case, the multitude of objects,
capable to joint interaction, forms the common space. At the description of
properties of this space, the objects, which form the common space, can be
considered as dot objects, despite of their structure and real sizes.
This space of
objects can be characterized by two-measured matrix of probabilities of
interaction or matrix of connections as:
P11 P21 P31 … … Pi1
P12 P22 P32 … … Pi2
Pij = …
… … … … …
… … …
… … …
P1j P2j P3j … … Pij
Where Pij -
is a probability of interaction of element i with the element j. Not obviously, the matrix will be
symmetric. It is unessential at all, that the probability of an element j with
an element i was equal to probability Pij
Pij ≠ Pji,
i.e. the
probability of interaction of i with j, though this vatiant also is not
excluded as a special case
Pij
= Pji.
It is possible
to prove, that the space described by two-measured matrix of interactions'
probability can be three-dimensional, i.e. can be described by introduction of
three-dimensional system of coordinates, which generally will be curved, and in
special cases can be rectangular (õ, y, z) or
polar (r, a, b).
From all matrix
we shall choose the maximal value of probability of interaction, which on our
conditions can not be more than 1, i.e.
Pmax
< 1.
This
probability can be named "determining" or "basic".
Having divided
Pmàõ on each value
of probability Pij, we shall receive a matrix of distances from every i-object up
to every j-object, i.e.,
R11
R21 R31 … … Ri1
R12
R22 R32 … … Ri2
… … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
R1j R2j R3j … … Rij
Where Rij
= Pmax/Pij.
In this case
relation of probabilities of interaction Rij will be proportional to distance
from every i-object up to another object of system from 1 up to j.
The relation Pmin/Pmin=1=r
gives the basic length of determined space.
The relation Pmax/Pmin=Rmax
gives the maximal size of determined space.
A new object, formed
by four objects, which form this space, will be a space quantum in
three-dimentional space. It is a tetraedr, which tops are formed by four nearby
space-forming objects.
The received
quantum of space is an object, which has a number of interesting properties,
inherent to elements of continuous environment. It is capable to deform at the
expense of change of values of interactions' probability of space-forming
objects, so can be described by tensor of deformation. All equations of
preservation and indissolubility (i.e. the mathematical device of the
continuous environments' mechanics) can be applied to space of such objects.
The
obtained space quantum is an object, which has a number of interesting
properties, inherent to elements of continuous environment. It is capable to
deform at the expense of meanings'
change of probability of space-forming objects' interactions, and it can be
described by tensor of deformation. The mathematical system of the mechanics of
continuous spheres - all equations of preservation and indissolubility - can be
applied to the space of such objects. If to fix a system's state at each change
of its condition, we shall receive a consecutive set of system's condition. In
this set any two conditions will differ from each other
Si-1 ≠Si ≠ Si+1
Hence, the whole system will change at even its small
change at the expense of interaction of any two object, so the new condition of
system will appear. A consecutive set of system conditions can be considered as
a system's time, and the process of interaction of two elements will be instant
for the system.
As the changed system's conditions are equal,
intervals between two next system's changes we shall consider as equal
temporary intervals Dt. Then, in each conditionally allocated scope of space as
in the allocated space-area, there can be a conditional time. Let there is a
set of matrixes of a space condition Pij1, Pij2, …. Pijt,
which will characterize the consistently varied space P. The next system's
conditions should differ in order to fix the system changes.
Pij1≠ Pij2 ≠…..
≠Pijt
Not distinguished next conditions of the system are
accepted as equal to one condition. A maximal meaning of probability of
interaction of two objects Pmax will be in each matrix of condition and in each
set of matrixes.
If this probability of interaction will be steady
(i.e. will change slowly from one condition of system to another), these two
objects will change in the system. This fact will limit the speed of the
maximal interaction in system as the maximal speed of all possible processes.
Hence, in described system the restriction on the maximal speed of interactions
arises naturally.
Vmax=Limit
Time and limited speed of changes can appear in the
obtained space of objects. The occurrence and distribution of elastic waves,
which can be described by known mathematical methods, are possible in such
spaces.
The physical sense of such waves will be similar to
probability change waves, i.e. can be described by wave functions and equations
of Schredinger and Dirak.
All movements and the deformations of space quantum
should have the appropriate analogies as fields, arising at it, - electrical,
magnetic and gravitational.
It can be confirmed by a reflection of similar
processes in real physical effects. For example, deformation as compression and
stretching of space quantum as an electrical field. (Piezoelectric effect)
The rotation around of its axes of symmetry should
derivate a magnetic field. (as it is well known, an occurrence of a magnetic
field is observed at rotation of bodies).
The third kind of movement is a movement on a circle
around of the external centre of rotation - orbital movement. This kind of
movement, obviously, derivates a gravitational field.
Space - forming objects
However, the space quanta can be considered as
co-operating objects of 2-nd sort, so they can form its space of the 2-nd sort.
And as well as earlier, a space quantum of the third sort can be generated from
these objects.
It is possible to make a conclusion about an enclosure
of spaces of a various sort or about its fractality at consecutive integration.
6.4. Vacuum as a fractal space of
decreasing dimension
The hypotheses about a radio structure of space, about
similarity of space structure (vacuum) to crystal lattices, about an enclosure
of spaces or their fractality, about presence of a crystal lattice and
sublattice in vacuum are well known. These hypotheses gracefully explain many
paradoxes of the quantum mechanics and physics. The fact, that the authors do
not show the nature and carriers of objects, which form a crystal lattice of
vacuum, is among lacks of these theory. The structure or dimension of space
fractality is supposed to be infinite or is limited multiple, but her
construction and the physical sense of this multitude is not opened. Let's
bring some corrective amendments to the
hypotheses.
1. From the
definition of space as groups of objects it follows, that our space
(three-dimensional space of the 3-rd degree) forms objects belonging to this
space, i.e. incorporated by the set of general properties, basic of which is
the ability to interaction. The properties of these objects determine and form
properties of objects of this space. The properties of the space of 3-rd degree determine objects of
the subspace or the space of the 2-nd degree, enclosed to it, for which the space
of the 3-rd degree is a macroobject or macrostructure.
It is quite obvious, that our space is formed by
objects of our space - elementary particles, which form everything, that is
around us.
Simply, quantum of our space is a tetraedre, formed by
4 nearby objects - elementary
particles.
All known crystal structures can be constructed from
tetraedres. A lattice of our space is sporadic, its step and structure are not
constant. The step-type behaviour of a lattice is determined by probability of
interaction of the neighbouring objects, which, in its turn, depends on energy,
which these objects have. The bigger is
this energy - the higher is the frequency and probability of
interactions, the less is observable "distances" between the
neighbouring objects, the more dense is the space in this area, the less is a
step of a lattice. Thus, connection of energy with step-type behaviour
(density) of vacuum is available.
We can't
speak about defects of such lattice as about deviations of a regularity of
structure. But the deformations of space quanta should be shown as fields. If quantum "compresses" or
"extends" (i.e. under action of external forces the geometrical
parameters of quantum change), some normal pressure appears in it, and appears
an electrical field. If quantum of space is braided and tangential pressure
arises in it, there is a magnetic field.
If the
direction of a deformations' vector will rotate, arises gravi-field, because in
this case there will be an orbital movement of a quantum deformations'
vector - a real gravi-field will arise.
In this
case, the vacuum can be considered as a prototype or analogue of continuous
environment and successfully use the device of tensor calculation.
2. The
elementary particles are the objects of our space, which form it. However, they represent completely
other spaces (the spaces of the 2-nd degree), enclosed in our space. The
objects, which form spaces of
elementary particles should differ from objects of our space, and, therefore,
can't cooperate with them. Otherwise,
it would be the objects of our space. But when these objects are united in
group of objects, which have certain properties, such groups are able to
cooperate with objects of our space, representing the one object of it. And
this interaction, as interaction of a whole group, should qualitatively differ
from interaction of a "object - object" level. So, an interaction of
objects' group of the 2-nd degree, which form "the whole", as the
object of the 1-st degree, with group of objects of the 2-nd degree should qualitatively
differ from interaction of objects of the 1-st degree.
This phenomenon has a multitude of
analogues. For example, the man consists of multitude of different crates. Each
crate can not cooperate with other man separately, but when these crates form a
structure as the man, this ability arises, as interaction of the people with
each other.
Accordingly, the man, being an
element of a society, is not a society, if he is sole. The community is formed
only by some multitude of people. The laws of interaction of the people in
various communities can differ. Therefore, the societies created on the
different laws will differ, in spite of the fact, that they are constructed
from similar elements. Moreover, a society and a man have the qualitative
distinctions. Society is not similar to man physically and is arranged
completely differently.
Precisely the same, as objects, which
construct elementary particles are absolutely different with elementary
particles. These objects have two-dimensioned structure, i.e. they are two-dimensioned.
They are not found out in three-dimensioned space directly, but their influence
on objects of this space is carried out indirectly. Quantum of such space
already is the plane triangle, from which any plane figure can be constructed.
Accordingly, the deformations of this space quanta will derivate
two-dimensional fields of the 2-nd degree. It will be the enclosed fields of
the 2-nd degree, which do not have a prolonged action in our space. Such fields
will be located, i.e. will work only within the limits of the space action, and
the action of these fields for our space should be observed in a vicinity of
elementary particles. These fields will be responsible for interaction of
similar related objects at a level of similar spaces.
Only two kinds of deformations are possible in the two-dimensioned
space, and thus, only two kinds of fields are possible - at the expense of
deformations of a 'compression-stretching' and at the expense of deformations
twisting. Actions of these fields are observed as strong and weak interactions,
located within the limits of a vicinity of elementary particles.
The triangle, formed by
three connected elements of space, is that three quarks, forming an elementary
particle. Every quark can not exist separately in our three-dimensioned space
only because it is an object of the two-dimensioned space.
In their turn objects of
spaces of the 2-nd degree (as well as the people, which form a society, consist
of cells) are created from the set of objects, which form one-dimensional
spaces of the 1-st degree, too. Objects of these spaces are one-dimensioned.
Geometrical analogue of quantum of such space will be an one-dimensional piece,
and the space itself will be similar to a string of zero section, on which the
information is transferred. Hence, quarks should consist of objects of the 1-st
degree.
Only one kind of deformation
is possible in such spaces, by analogy to continuous environment - deformation
of the kind 'compression - expansion'. The information, driven on such space,
is similar to a wave of the information. Therefore, only one kind of the
enclosed field of the 1-st degree, created by deformations of 'compression -
expansion' is possible in such spaces.
This field is rather
specific. The interaction of one average object of 2-dimensioned space here is
possible only between two objects, next to it. Space objects of the 1-st degree
logically finish the fractal structure of space, which consist from
0-dimensioned formal sharpened objects. These objects should form spaces of the
0- degree, which consist of objects of the negative degree. But in nature a
qualitative transition always follows after quantitative accumulation.
Therefore, objects of the negative degrees, which could form absolutely dot
spaces (having geometrical analogue as absolute points of zero dimension) does
not exist physically. Zero - dimensioned objects can exist only formally, and
their interaction can be carried out only through the mechanism of a duality or
multitude of systems of interaction, when the set of objects of one system
exists at the expense of interaction of set of other systems.
Figure
Thus fractality of space is final
and comes to an end by the mechanism of dual interaction, which connects all
multitude of spaces, existing in nature.
How can the structure from 2-dimensional objects to
become 3-dimensional, or how can the structure from one-dimensional objects to become
2-dimensional. There are a lot of examples in Geometry. For example, the closed
plane (2 -dimensional object) can form the hollow covers of spherical,
elliptic, toroidal, and 'dumb-bell' form. If to take a plane as a rectangular
and to twirl it, from a flat figure we shall receive a 3-dimensional screw. Two
planes allow to create a double spiral. If to connect two sides of a twisted
plane, we shall receive a twisted ring or a twisted ring of Mebius. As a
special case, nontwisted plane can give the cylinder or a simple ring of
Mebius. Curvatures of a plane of the various sort (giving it a curvature)
allows to get 3-dimensional objects.
Similarly, at the expense of a space curvature it is possible
to get two- and three-dimensional objects from one-dimensional objects - lines.
For example, having given curvature of a line it is possible to receive the
closed figures - a ring, a figure-of-eight, and set of the open-ended figures,
for example, plane spiral. We can get a closed 3-dimensional figure of the
spiral, if to give the curvature to the line in two measurements. If to permit
a set of crossings of such line, it is possible to receive a hem-stitch
spherical, ellipse or 'dumb-bell' cover, exactly as from a plane.
The closed figures should correspond the stable or
rather stable forms of elementary particles, which have their personal weight.
In such structures the information (or the energy) can circulate long enough
within the limits of one structure, supporting its functioning as a single
unit.
The open-ended figures give unstable objects, the
life-time of which will be determined by the time of the information transfer
through a chain of connections from the moment of occurrence of an object, up
to the moment of its disintegration on more stable elements or its short
circuits, which is equivalent to transformation of one unstable object with one
set of properties to another object with other set of properties.