4.
Characteristics of information systems
Let's put forward a hypothesis that all
validity around us is formed at the expense of integrated reflection of all
various information systems, at which interaction and all elements of an
objective reality arise, exist and develop. The analysis of laws of occurrence,
development and interaction of multitude of all information systems is of
interest.
All real
multitude of information systems can be designated by the term
"infospace" (information space). Elements of infospace are the quanta
of the information existing as objects of concrete information systems. Any
information system is original information space in which there is an
information object. However information is an invariant in relation to this
space and can be submitted in the other information space as completely
different physical object, equivalent on information sense. So, for example,
information invariant, which we determinate by concept "vacuum", in
physical space (elementary IS) is represented by physical "vacuum".
In a literal IS it is a word "vacuum" represented by combination of
quanta of this IS (letters), in sound IS it is a combination of quanta of this
system - wave air fluctuations of the certain frequency etc. In this multitude
of information systems, in each of them it is possible to receive a reflection
of certain information invariants.
It is necessary
to note, that the information systems can cooperate with each other in the following
cases:
If the
co-operating elements belong to one IS;
If the elements
are constructed by one IS (affiliated) from elements of another IS (parent).
Such IS we shall name "related".
If information
systems are not related, the interaction of their elements is possible only
after transformation (reflection) of objects of different IS to objects of
single IS. The object which has appeared as a result of interaction of these
objects, can cooperate with objects of primary IS after return transformation
only. The transformations of not related elements from one to another have an
associative character. At associative reflection of elements not related IS
from one IS to another, certain combination of quanta, which reflects the IS,
the object from quanta of reflected IS is compared. Thus irrespectively of the
fact what real properties has the displayed object in the system, in reflecting
system his properties will be associatively given at reflection. Set of
properties, which will be associatively given to associatively displayed
object, depends on presence of images of these properties already available in
space of reflecting information system. Ability to form objects and reflect
objects of other IS is a radical property of any IS. To exist, every IS should
have the special converters of the forms of the information - receivers and
transmitters of the information, which form objects' images of reflected IS
from quanta of personal IS.
In some IS
created images can be kept and collected, forming and expanding information
space of these IS.
For example, a
mirror can be an element of the IS. It accepts the wave information about
macroobjects of an environment, creating a two-dimensional image of
three-dimensional space, and reflects this image back to an environment. It is
a typical example of related IS reflection, because the mirror is constructed
from the same elements, as environmental of elementary IS. A surface, formed by microobjects of
elementary IS, is a receiver of a wave macroobjects' image of elementary IS in
a mirror. They are the converter of an image (curve mirror changes an image on
the similarity). The same surface is also a transmitter of the created wave
information image of macroobject back in elementary system. Accumulation of
personal objects does not occur in a mirror, therefore it is possible to say,
that the mirror is just an IS element, which consists of the receiver,
converter and transmitter of the information. The information space of a mirror
has only two measurements and physically looks as a plane. The own time of a
mirror as an IS element coincides to the time of related elementary IS (real
physical IS).
The total sum
of the saved images in every IS is defined by capacity of its information
space. For computers (electronic and biological) - volume of information space
is determined by volume of memory elements and quantity of their probable
statuses.
The personal
time of this computer will depend on its working frequency or productivity,
i.e. from quantity of operations made in unit of time. It is interesting to
note the following analogy. Manufacture of different operations in the computer
is carried out for various time. Therefore, it is possible to assume, that
volume of the information, forming object of information system, defines its
sluggishness and their weight (for elementary objects of physical system).
Objects created from minimal volume of the information will have the highest
speed of movement in such IS. Really, we notice the maximal speed of movement
and absence of weight of rest in quanta of electromagnetic radiation.
For the
characteristic of IS it is possible to enter the following parameters:
· the greatest
possible number of IS quantum states;
· a maximum
quantity of differing combinations of IS quanta;
· maximal total
amount of information space or (total amount of all available IS quanta in
given is);
· the maximal
speed of interaction (speed of IS time, speed of transformation of the
information or link speed of the information).
The formation
and accumulation of objects in IS its real development. The creation and
accumulation of images and reflections of objects of other IS in every concrete
IS is a process of her development or training. Isolated IS, i.e. not capable
to cooperate with other information systems, apparently, do not have a property of IS objects' images
accumulation in the information space, as they have nothing to reflect. They
can be rather stable. If the system can only transfer the information to
external information systems, but does not perceive it from them, such IS can
be extremely stable, i.e. can keep the internal properties until there will be
any external action capable to change or to destroy her structure cardinally.
The IS
association in complex associates, consisting of several not isolated IS,
capable to interaction, promotes their complication and development. The IS
development is characterised by complication of IS structure and formation of
several affiliated younger IS from one senior IS.
Very
conditionally it is possible to allocate the basic stages of development of not
isolated IS.
The first
stage. The occurrence of any new information system is preceded by a phase of
her formal existence as an opportunity of her creation from elements of senior
information system.
The phase of
formal existence is such a status of new information system, when she does not
exist yet in the physical world, but her information image as an opportunity of
creation of such system appears already. The formal form of existence of the information
represents the special form of information existence. Something was ever
created and then destroyed in nature, and the opportunity of repeated creation
of the same object should exist. It is possible to make a conclusion, that if
the information exists in a formal status, it means, that she can't be
destroyed so long as there will be a senior information system or associate of
the senior IS, from which destroyed IS was created.
The opportunity
of creation of the senior associate will exist till more senior associate
exists, and so on. Thus the chain of temporary interrelation of associates is
formed. Certainly, somewhere in depth of time any associates, created (new to
themselves and senior for new-born) information systems can collapse. The formal
information about an opportunity of repeated creation of younger IS perishes
with them. So, the chain of temporary connection can be broken off and the
formal IS connection can interrupt somewhere. Hence, the repeated cycle of
creation of information system will be already impossible.
If the senior
IS is capable to realise and to comprehend itself as a single unit, the phase
of formal existence of new IS can be considered as an idea of the senior one.
Hence, at the expense of information influence of some external, more senior
information system (or powerful IS associate) an idea of new information system
can appear.
The formal
status can represent certain volume of the information.
The simple
sorting of probable combinations of elements, realising an opportunity of new
IS creation from elements of the senior IS, is an information influence of the
senior IS too, as any interaction of information objects is an information
process.
At the second
stage external information system, using idea or the opportunity, objects and
structures, creates a set of new IS quanta, i.e. creates a set of primary
elements, blocks from which the new IS will be constructed.
At the third
stage the quanta of new IS cooperate with each other and with objects of
related (senior) IS. Thus there is a duplication of quanta and formation of new
IS objects. The system changes at interaction of quanta, so, the time appears
in it.
At increase of
quanta' quantity personal IS space occurs and extends, which characteristics
are defined by the characteristics of a set of quantum’s.
At the fourth
stage, the co-operating structures are created from the objects of the given
IS, which can have new properties not inherent by the senior IS. It is a
maturity stage of information system.
At this stage
the circle of systems' development becomes isolated. One system in interaction
with others derives new system. One associate in interaction with others
derives new associate. There is an infinite perfection and development of
information systems. An information structure, similar to matrjoshka or tree
occurs.
Some systems
are formed on the basis of others, thus the senior systems are as the base
information carriers of the youngers. It is interesting, that on one senior
branch of a tree the set of youngers can be formed.
Let's show the
development stages of information systems taking our world as an example, using
the standard model of the Large explosion. The majority of physicians will
agree that under this theory at the moment of time extremely close to a zero
point of readout, the elementary particles have appeared. Let's call a system,
formed only by a set of elementary particles, an elementary or physical IS
(PIS). The set of PIS objects has formed physical space of our universe, and
their interaction and changes has formed our physical time.
As a result of
interaction of physical IS objects, the atoms of chemical substances and their
isotopes were formed. It was new chemical IS, first step of PIS development.
After that a spatial structure of the universe (one more kind of system of
interaction) was created from chemical IS objects, and then a genetic IS
appeared on its base, which has formed a series of genetic structures and
associates, which we call now "flora" and "fauna",
including a man. These associates are capable to influence the senior IS, and
the man is already capable to realise itself as a single unit, as the person
and is a reasonable conceiving essence. He is capable to create the most
difficult information associates,
capable to transform the world for people. Computer systems can be attributed
to such associates. It is quite possible, that the artificial genetic and
molecular conceiving structures, incorporated by a super-power communication
facility in superpowerful conceiving structures will be created. That day will
come soon, when they will begin to think maybe even better than people.
The following
step logically follows from all subsequent. The artificial conceiving
structures will begin to cooperate and to create super-power information
systems capable to transform the world for them, so and for the people. This
world will be more reasonable than the present one. And if we already have
achieved understanding the value of nature for our existence, also computer
superworld will understand especially value of a human civilization, so, it
will be capable to create all conditions for prosperity of mankind.
But all new IS,
as well as old ones, will be capable to exist only in continuous development.
So they (new structures, as well as new people) will need new spaces, new
planets, new secrets of nature. And if it will be necessary to these structures
to create a new Galaxy and new universe, they will find ways to make it. And
again somewhere there can be a new Large explosion. The large circle of
information interaction of information systems will become isolated. Everything
will be repeated again and again. The new spaces and new universes will be
created. Everything will be repeated, but differently. Infinite self-perfection
and recurrence of a nature - it is all sense of information circulation. The
information derives itself and self-perfects!
Only the circle
of time is eternal and infinite. And if something happened, that, probably, will
happen again. because, the past is a mirror of the future! Look back and you
will see in the gloom of centuries, what waits for you in the future. What will
be, - had happen at once.
We still can't
consider, that the development cycle of information systems is determined with
some reasonable purpose. The
information systems are arranged so, that they should cooperate and
change in order to exist. Only in case of interaction and change of IS elements
they have a personal time, as the time is born only as a result of continuous
change of objects and information systems. In another way IS simply can not
exist. The continuous chain of changes early or late results in development of
system or to her destruction.
If the system
becomes static and stops the changes, her time will stop. If the system
suddenly completely stops the interaction with other information systems, from
this moment she simply disappears for them. Hence, the fact of the termination
of interactions of IS with external IS is the fact of IS disappearance from the area of interaction with others.
In some cases
at interaction of objects or structures, one IS with others occurs destruction
of these objects or structures or their updating. In result they begin to
belong to other information structure. Such interaction can result in reduction
of quantity of IS objects, so, it can be considered as reduction of IS volume.
Such prolonged interaction can completely destroy information structure.
Especially it is necessary to note, that if the destroyed information structure
was senior and related to any set of other IS, then all IS, created with her
participation will be destroyed. It will happen because the quanta and objects
of younger IS were created from objects and structures of the senior IS. If the
senior system is not related with some IS, and her objects cooperate through a
chain of associative interrelation, such information systems will not be
necessarily destroyed at destruction of the senior IS. So, for example, a
blossoming rose we can consider as associate of information systems, the senior
one from which physically forms elementary particles which are taking place in
volume, occupied by a plant. Chemical IS is formed of these atoms’ particles of
chemical substances. The genetic system is formed of these substances, alive
structures of a rose, its stalk, leaves and flowers. Associate of IS, creating
a rose, co-operates with a multitude of external IS - atmosphere, ground, sun
and man, which too can be considered as IS associates. If the man breaks a
blossoming rose, he partially destroys an IS associate, breaks off connection
of flower’s structure with structures of a plant. Thus the plant is senior and
more complex associate, it survives. But a flower is a younger associate and it
can not exist without interaction with parent structure and, consequently,
collapses. If to interrupt connection of a plant with ground, the plant and the
flower will be lost also. But if this flower was drawn by the artist or appear
on a videofilm, there is an associative image of a flower in another IS
(picture, videosystem), which will not be destroyed, even if the flower itself
will be destroyed. Nevertheless, between these objects the information
interrelation will be kept.
The death of
the IS does not follow as a logic necessity of a development cycle in
information systems. It is only one of probable and equal in rights variants of
IS development and arises in case the information system co-operates with
another IS, capable to destroy, to absorb and (or) to use for creation of its
structures some objects of co-operating with her IS. A vivid example of
development of information system, constructed from co-operating elements as
colour points on the screen of the computer display, you can observe, if start the
program "Development" (language QuickBasic) placed below. In this
program the interaction with external information systems is simulated with the
help of the random-number generator. You can see wonderful and beautiful
pictures, similar to east carpets and patterns, varied on your eyes. I assure
you, that you will not see any repeating figure, and some patterns can compete
to products of the best foremen of design. Pay attention, that in the program
there is no operator directed on artificial formation of a pattern. The pattern
arises absolutely naturally and demonstrates beauty of principles of the world.
The examples of
several such pictures, are shown in figure.
The program
"Development"
CLS: SCREEN 13:
VIEW (1, 1) -
(318, 194), 0, 14
WINDOW (-160,
-98) - (160, 98)
t = TIMER:
RANDOMIZE t
CL2 = (RND *
234 + 1): COLOR CL2
PSET (0, 0)
10
CL2 = (RND *
234) + 1
N = RND * 3 + 3
a = a + 1
b = b + 1
FOR X1 = 0 TO a
FOR Y1 = 0 TO b
X = X1: Y = Y1:
GOSUB 100: PSET (X, Y)
X = X1: Y = -Y1: PSET (X, Y)
X = -X1: Y = Y1: PSET (X, Y)
X = -X1: Y = -Y1: PSET (X, Y)
NEXT Y1
NEXT X1
GOTO 10
100
D1 = POINT (X +
1, Y)
D2 = POINT (X -
1, Y)
D3 = POINT (X,
Y + 1)
D4 = POINT (X,
Y - 1)
CL = ABS (INT ((D1
+ D2 + D3 + D4) / N))
IF CL < = 0
THEN CL = CL2
IF CL > =
234 THEN CL = CL2
COLOR CL
RETURN
To see the work
of the program start the program Razwitik.exe.
It is best to
observe pictures in a full-screen mode. If you don't have such an opportunity, see
the pictures, given below.
