RESONANCE IN AIR COLUMNS

           STANDING WAVES IN A STRETCHED STRING OF LENGTH OF L FIXED AT BOTH ENDS:

SCIENTIFIC NAME	MUSICAL NAME
First harmonic	Fundamental		L = λ/2
Second harmonic	First overtone		L = λ
Third harmonic	Second overtone		L = 3λ/2
Fourth harmonic	Third overtone		L = 2λ

                           CLOSED END OF AIR COLUMN Acts as a fixed end

First resonant length Fundamental mode		L = λ/4 f0
Second resonant length First overtone		L = 3λ/4 3f0
Third resonant length Second overtone		L = 5λ/4 5f0

                    OPEN END OF AIR COLUMN Acts as a free end

First resonant length Fundamental mode		L = λ/2 f0
Second resonant length First overtone		L = λ 2f0
Third resonant length Second overtone		L = 3λ/2 3f0
Fourth resonant length Third overtone	4th Harmonic	L = 2λ 4f0