ICAR

( Intreprinderea de constructii aeronautice romanesti )

The last member of the family of inter-war Romanian aircraft manufacturers was the ICAR ( "The Romanian Aeronautical Construction Company ). Established in 1932 at the outskirts of Bucharest by engineer Mihai Racovita, it was by far the smallest of all, but its activity is remarkable nevertheless.
ICAR started out by building small sporting airplanes, designed or inspired by similar projects of Bayerische Flugzeugwerke ( BFW ), in cooperation with the famous Willy Messerschmitt. The very first one was the Messerschmitt M.23b two-seater, destined for training and flight schools, of which ten were built starting from late 1932.

 

ICAR's main factory as it was in the 30's

ICAR's first design was the ICAR Universal, a small airplane largely similar to the M.23b, but with a more powerful engine and a slightly modified cockpit. Three ICAR Universal's specially designed for acrobatics were built and handed over to the famous sport pilots, Mihail Pantazi, Petre Ivanovici and Maximilian "Max" Manolescu, the members of the "Dracii Rosii" ( "The Red Devils") squadron. From 1934 onwards, the bold trio and their all-red ICAR's became the main attraction at air shows and meetings.
Next came the ICAR Comercial ( the first purpose-built Romanian airliner ), and ICAR Turing, the last civilian aircraft built by ICAR. The ARR placed an order intially for ten modified Universal's, and later on for the manufacturing of the main component parts for three Savoia-Marchetti S.62bis hydroplanes. Having successfully completed this task, the ICAR company "specialized" in building trainers and liaison aircraft for the ARR : in 1938, 20 of the excellent American Fleet F-10G trainers were ordered, in 1939 70 more F-10G's rolled off the assembly line, and an order for 50 additional F-10G's was canceled and replaced by an order for 50 Grünau-9 small gliders. Last but not least, the Fieseler Fi 156Ca-3 all-purpose airplane entered production, and a total of 94 were eventually built, including 24 Fi 156D's destined for medevac missions.
In 1947, right as the last Fi 156 had been delivered , ICAR was forced to stop aircraft production and only a small division, dedicated to repairing and maintaining military airplanes. For a time, the production of ICAR-1 gliders ( it was the Grünau-9 built under license ), continued, but in 1951 it was all over, and ICAR was switched entirely to building ventilation equippment.
Hosted by www.Geocities.ws

1