DRUG ABUSE
DRUG ABUSE - Use of any Substance until adverse reaction on health or ability to function
DRUG DEPENDENCE (PSYCHOLOGICAL) - Habituation, mind determines a need
DRUG DEPENDENCE (PHYSICAL) - Addiction, the body accommodates if drug is removed = withdrawal
DRUG ABUSE
DRUG TOLERANCE - Causes chronic user to increase dose constantly to obtain an effect equal to the initial dose
CROSS TOLERANCE - Tolerance builds up to another drug that one is not consuming
TOXIC RANGE - Increases with tolerance, but not as fast as the tolerance range
OPIATES (NARCOTICS) EFFECTS
EUPHORIA - exaggerated sense of well-being
Hallucination - sense perception not founded upon objective reality
Psychological Dependence
Physical Dependence
Withdrawal Stages
MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL
6 TO 12 HOURS - anxiety, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, diaphoresis, pyloerection, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea
48 TO 72 HOURS - hyperactivity, restlessness, insomnia
OPIATE WITHDRAWAL COMPARISONS
MORPHINE - 5 to 10 days
- METHADONE - 10 to 14 days
METHADONE PROGRAMS BENEFITS
DECREASE COMPLICATIONS - cotton fever, bacterial endocarditis, embolism, sepsis, hepatitis, HIV
METHADONE PROGRAMS
METHADONE MAINTENANCE
- METHADONE DETOXIFICATION - doses must be decreasing
BARBITURATES
INITIAL EFFECT - excitement
LATER EFFECTS - depressant, confusion, decreased sensory perception
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE - withdrawal includes: delirium, rebound excitement, orthostatic hypotension, seizures
BENZODIAZEPINES
DEPRESSANT EFFECTS
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
PHYSICIAL DEPENDENCE - withdrawal included rebound excitement and insomnia
STIMULANTS
EFFECTS - increased alertness, increased blood pressure, weight loss, headache, increased self confidence
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
PHYSICAL DEPENCENCE - withdrawal includes tremor, exhaustion, disorientation, hallucinations, confusion
TOXICITIES - seizures caused by cocaine
HALLUCINOGENS
LSD - unpredictable bad experiences, and flashbacks
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP) - contributes to unusual increase in strength
MARIJUANA (THC) - impaired cognition and memory, teratogenicity