Chapter 2: CELLS and BODY STRUCTURES
First formation; gelatinous substance in cells __________________
All protoplasm within a cell but outside of the nucleus __________________
All protoplasm within the nucleus __________________
Carries on work of cells, e.g. contraction of muscle cells __________________
Controlling structure of cell, directs replication, structure
and function of a cell __________________
Site of energy production __________________
Process of breaking down __________________
Process including breaking down and remaking a body __________________
Process of remaking or constructing __________________
Protects the cell from the environment __________________
Structures inside nucleus coated in proteins called histones
that contain the instructions for the cell structure and function __________________
The blueprint molecule for each person __________________
System of canals within the cell continuous with the
cell membrane involved in protein synthesis
(rough or smooth) __________________
Structures composed of RNA that help guide protein
synthesis in the cytoplasm __________________
Cells of similar structure and function are organized into __________________
Four types of the above are _________________________________________________
List 9-10 body systems _________________, _________________, ________________, __________________, ___________________, _________________, ____________________, _________________________
______________, ________________
BODY CAVITIES
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR
(Ventral, Front) (Dorsal, Back)
Cranial cavity
(contains brain in skull)
spinal cavity
( contains the spinal cord)
Thoracic cavity
(Chest contains pleural cavities and mediastinum)
Diaphragm
(separates thoracic and abdominal)
Abdominal cavity
(peritoneum, encases the digestive organs)
Pelvic cavity
(contains bladder and female reproductive organs)
________________________________________________________________________
DIVISIONS OF THE SPINAL COLUMN
(33 VERTEBRAE)
Cervical (neck)
C1-C7
Thoracic (chest)
T1-T12
Lumbar (back)
L1-L5
Sacral
Fused S1-S5
Coccygeal
4 fused bones
ANATOMICAL REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN
(USED TO DESCRIBE LOCATIONS)
THINK THREE
DIMENSIONALLY
FRONTAL (ANTERIOR VIEW)
Rt. hypochondriac epigastric Lt. hypochondriac
Rt. Lumbar umbilical Lt. Lumbar
Rt. Inguinal Hypogastric Lt .Inguinal
ALTERNATIVE DIVISIONS OF ABDOMEN
Abdominal Quadrants
Frontal
Rt upper quadrant Left Upper Quadrant
Rt. lower quadrant Left lower quadrant
PLANES OF THE BODY
Frontal/coronal plane separates the body into anterior and posterior
Sagittal/lateral separates the body into right and left
Transverse/horizontal separates the body into cross-sections from head to toe
POSITIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Anterior/ventral/front
Posterior/dorsal/back
Deep
Superficial
Distal
Proximal
Inferior/Caudal
Superior/cephalic
lateral
medial
supine
prone