Country (long form)
Russian Federation 	

Capital
Moscow 	

Total Area
6,592,771.58 sq mi
17,075,200.00 sq km
(slightly less than 1.8 times the size of the US) 	

Population
146,001,176 (July 2000 est.) 	

Estimated Population in 2050
118,233,243 	

Languages
Russian, other 	

Literacy
98.0% total, 100.0% male, 97% female (1989 est.) 	

Religions
Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other 	

Life Expectancy
59.80 male, 72 female (2000 est.) 	

Government Type
federation 	

Currency
1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks 	

GDP (per capita)
$4,200 (1999 est.) 	

Labor Force (by occupation)
agriculture 15%, industry 30%, services 55% (1999 est.) 	

Industry
complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts 	

Agriculture
grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk 	

Arable Land
8% 	

Exports
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures 	

Imports
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, grain, sugar, semifinished metal products 	

Natural Resources
wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber 	

Current Environmental Issues
air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and sea coasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; ground water contamination from toxic waste 	

Telephones (main lines in use)
25.019 million (1995) 	

Telephones (mobile cellular)
645,000 (1999) 	

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
83 (Russia and Kazakhstan) (1999) 	

(U.S. Government sources)