Ecology Review Flashcards
Tragedy
of the Commons
Ecology
1st
law of thermodynamics
2nd
law of thermodynamics
phototroph
chemotroph
Heterotroph
Primary
Producer
Tertiary
Consumer
Photosynthesis
Net
Primary Productivity
Nitrogen
Fixation
Nitrification
Assimilation
Ammonification
Denitrification
Created
by Garrett Hardin. The theory that resources become overused by the common
people if not controlled. Ex: fishing.
The
study of living organisms and their interactions with the nonliving
environment.
Energy
cannot be created nor destroyed
Entropy
(disorder) of a system increases over time. No reaction is 100 % efficient. Ex:
food web.
Organism
that converts solar energy into chemical energy. Ex: plants
Organism
that converts chemicals into chemical energy as a food source. Ex: bacteria.
Organism
that requires the eating of another organism to obtain chemical energy. Ex:
human
Organism
at the base of the food chain that produce their own food. Ex: plants
Organism
at the top of the food chain that requires much energy to live. Ex: hawk
Process
where plants (phytoplankton) take sun and convert it into glucose with CO2;
creates O2.
The
amount of energy converted by a plant from sunlight after respiration.
Bacteria
convert N2 in the air into ammonia NH3.
Bacteria
in soil take ammonia and convert it into nitrite NO2, then nitrate NO3.
The
process of taking up ammonium and nitrate by plants to make DNA and proteins.
Bacteria
in the soil take ammonia NH3 and convert it into ammonium NH4.
Denitrifying
bacteria take NH4 and NO3 and convert it back into N2 in the air.
Biome
Watershed
Estuary
Gause’s
law
Keystone
species
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Desert
Tropical
Rain Forest
Intraspecific
Competition
Interspecific
Competition
Aerobic
decomposition
Terrestrial
regions inhabited by specific vegetation and animals. Ex: desert
Land
area that delivers water, sediment, and nutrients via small streams to a large
river.
Place
where salt and fresh water meet. Creates brackish water.
No
two organisms with the same niche can live in the same place at the same time.
Species that play roles affecting many other species in an ecosystem. Ex: otter
A
Relationship between 2 species. Ex: sea anemone and clownfish.
Symbiosis
where both species benefit from their relationship
Symbiosis
where one species benefits and the other is not harmed from the relationship
Symbiosis
where one species benefits and the other is harmed from the relationship.
Biome
that is found at 30 deg N/S because of descending hot air currents from the
equator. Receive less than 10 in of rain/year.
Biome
found at equator. Place that receives the most sunlight and causes mass evaporation
of water.
Competition
within a species. Ex: 2 rhesus monkeys fighting each other.
Competition
among 2 different species. Ex: a lion and a tiger.
The
break down of dead organic material with the use of oxygen.
Anaerobic
Decomposition
Primary
Succession
Secondary
Succession
Ecological
footprint
Ecotone
Abiotic
factor
Biotic
factor
Fundamental
niche
Realized
niche
mitigation
Synergy
The
break down of dead organic material without the use of oxygen.
Succession
in a bare area that has never been occupied by organisms. Ex: newly formed rock
Succession
in an area that has been occupied by organisms. Ex: a fire damaged area.
The
amount of land needed to produce the resources needed by an average person.
An
area in between 2 different ecosystems. Contains a mixture of different
species.
Something
in an ecosystem that is not alive. Ex: air
Something
that is an ecosystem that is alive. Ex: animal
The
full potential range of a species with unlimited resources.
The
range the species occupies to avoid competition. Usually in their fundamental
niche.
A
legislative trade off resulting when an environmental impact occurs. Ex: a
company must create another wetland because they want to build on their wetland
Interaction
of 2 or more factors so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of
their separate effects.