Chapter 20 Reading Guideline, Part One

15^th Edition

 

Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the term.

 

Case Study: Studying a Volcano

            -Summarize

            -Why do volcanoes cause the earth to cool and warm?

 

20.1 Past Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect

 

I.                    Summarize past global experiences

II.                 What is the greenhouse effect?

III.               Ice cores: importance?

IV.              What shapes the earth’s climate (3)?

V.                 Greenhouse gases: Identify them all (sources, percents, etc) Fig 20.5

VI.              Kyoto Protocol

 

20.2 Climate Change and Human Activities

            I. History of greenhouse gas emissions

            II. IPCC and 2006 report

            III. Predicting Future Climate Change

            IV. Global warming

            V. What do scientists believe about global warming?

            VI. What do the climate skeptics believe?

 

20.3 Factors Affecting Earth’s Temperature

            I. Positive vs Negative Feedback Systems

            II. Oceans and CO₂

            III. Clouds: Warming or Cooling Effect?

            IV. Aerosols

V. More plants if more carbon dioxide, right?

VI. Why care about Methane as a greenhouse gas?

 

20.4 Effects of a Warmer World

            I.          Melting Ice and Snow: Evidence?

            II.         Sea Level Changes

III.       Change in Food production

            IV.       Changing Ocean Currents and Acidic Seas

            V.        Changes in Precipitation and Weather

            VI.       Biodiversity Effects

VII.            Agricultural Effects

VIII.         Human Health Effects

 

20.5 Solutions: Dealing with Global Warming

            I.          Why is it so difficult to solve?

            II.         What are the solutions? Figure 20-14.

III.               Removing and Storing CO₂

IV.              Kyoto Protocol

 

Chapter 20 Reading Guideline, Part Two

15^th Edition

 

Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the term.

 

20.7 Ozone Depletion

            I.          Review: Ozone’s purpose in stratosphere

II.         Natural Ozone formation in Stratosphere: Equation

III.               History of the CFC: Why was it so popular?

IV.              Roland and Molina-UCI

            V.        What Causes Ozone Depletion? CFC's. Explain how. Figure 20-18

            VI.       Other Chemicals that deplete Ozone?

            VII.      Why Seasonal Thinning over Poles?

            VIII.     Human Effects of Ozone Depletion

            IX.       Food Effects of Ozone Depletion

            X.         Wildlife Effects of Ozone Depletion

            XI.       Skin Cancer and Ozone Depletion Case Study

            XII.      Figure 20-23

 

20.8 Protecting the Ozone Layer

            I.          Montreal Protocol

            II.         Why the black market for CFC’s?

III.               HCFC’s

IV.              Irony of Ozone Depletion and Global Warming