Chronology of Palestinian History
Following is a compiled chronology of Palestinian history from early stages till the beginning of the current occupation. This chronology is summarized from All That Remains ed. Walid Khalidi. I hope to edit/expand it in the future. Until then, it is under construction.B.C.
600,000 - 10,000 Paleolithic and Mesolithic period. Earliest human remains in the area (found south of the Lake of Tabariyya), date back to ca. 600,000 BC. 10,000 - 5,000 Neolithic period. Establishment of settled agricultural communities. 5,000 - 3,000 Chalcolithic period. Copper and stone tools and artifacts from this period found near Jericho, Bi'r As-Sabi' and the Dead Sea. 3,000 - 2,000 Early Bronze Age. Arrival and settlement of the Canaanites (3,000 - 2,500 BC) ca. 1,250 Israelite conquest of Canaan. 965 - 928 King Solomon (Sulayman), construction of the temple in Jerusalem. 928 Division of the Israelite state into the kingdom of Israel and Judah. 721 Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel. 586 Judah defeated by Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar, deportation of its population to Babylon and destruction of the temple. 539 Persians conquer Babylonia, allowance of deportees to return and construction of a new temple. 333 Alexander the Great conquers Persia and Palestine comes under the Greek rule. 323 Alexander the Great dies, alternate rule by Ptolemies of Egypt and Seleucids of Syria. 165 Maccabees revolt against the Seleucid ruler (Antiochus Epiphanies) and establish an independent state. 63 Incorporation of Palestine into the Roman Empire.
A.D.
70 Destruction of the second temple by the Roman Emperor Titus. 132-135 Suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Jews barred from Jerusalem and Emperor Hadrian builds a pagan city on its ruins. 330-638 Palestine under Byzantine rule, Christianity spreads. 638 Omar ibn al-Khattaab enters Jerusalem and ends the Byzantine rule. 661-750 Palestine administered by the Umayyad chaliphs from Damascus and construct the Dome of the Rock ('Abd al-Malik, 685-705) and Al-Aqsa in its current shape (al-Walid, 705-715). 750-1258 Palestine administered from Baghdad by the'Abbasid caliphs. 969 Palestine administered by the Fatimids from Egypt as rivals to Baghdad. 1071 Saljuqs (originally from Isfahan) rule Jerusalem and parts of Palestine (officially still under the 'Abbasids). 1099-1187 The Crusaders arrive and establish the "Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem". 1187 Salah al-Diin al-Ayyoubi (from Kurdistan) conquers the crusaders in the battle of Hittin, kicks them back to Europe and frees Jerusalem. Plaestine administered from Cairo. 1260 The Mamluks succeed the Ayyubis, continue to administer Palestine from Cairo and kick the Mongols in thebattle of 'Ayn Jaluut near An-Nasira. 1291 The Mamluks (Khalil bin Qalawuun) conquer the last crusader stronghold in Akka and Qisariya. 1516-1917 Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman state and administered from Istanbul. 1832-1840 Moh'd Ali Pasha (Egypt) rules Palestine, Ottomans take over afterwards. 1876-1877 First Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem attend the first Ottoman parliament. 1878 First Zionist settlement (Petach Tiqva) established under the guise of agricultural community. 1882-1903 First wave of Zionists (25000 strong) enters Palestine as illegal immigrants from Eastern Europe. 1882 French Baron E. de Rothschild starts backing Zionists activities in Palestine financially. 1887-1888 Ottomans divide Palestine into three districts: Jerusalem (follows Istanbul) , Akka and Nablus (follow the 'wilaya' of Beirut). 1896 Theodor Hertzl, a journalist from an Austro-Hungarian origin published Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) advocating the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine or elsewhere. 1896 JCA (Jewish Coloniation Association) starts aiding Zionist settlements in Palestine. 1897 First Zionist congress in Switzerland issues the Basle Program "calling for a home for the Jewish people in Palestine" and establishes the WZO (World Zionist Organization to that end. 1901 JNF (Jewish National Fund) set up by the 5th Zionist congress to acquire land (in Palestine) and 'make it Jewish'. 1904-1914 Second wave (around 40000 strong) of Zionist illegal immigrants arrive in Palestine and increase the Jewish percentage to 6% of the total population. 1909 First Zionist Kibbutz (collective farm), establishment of Tel Aviv north of Yaafa. 1914 World War I starts. ...... To be continued.
Salam for all in our web your sincerely
J
