Rats are omnivores, insectivores, and scavengers. In the wild, there is practically nothing that they will not eat to survive. However, their lives are shortened because they do not get the proper nutrition that they require. It is very important that pet rats have all their nutritional needs provided to live long and healthy lives.
Rat diets should consist of the same items as a human diet. Those foods that are not healthy for humans to eat, should not be given to rats either. Sweets and treats should be given in moderation as rats are notorious for having a sweet tooth.
Rat blocks, or lab blocks are designed to provide all the necessary nutritional requirements. They are also designed so the rat will not eat just the favourite pieces and leave the rest. Seed mixes are not ideal for this reason. The rats will eat the fattening nuts and leave the bits that they need the most.
Another staple that is frequently used is Nutro Natural Lite Dog food. Because dogs are also omnivores, their kibble is an acceptable substitute for lab blocks designed for rodents.
One of the most important things to check for when picking a stable block or kibble for your rat is the protein levels. Male rats should not get more than about 18% protein in their diets. Females or nursing mothers should receive more protein, but should not get more than about 25%. When rats have too much protein in their diets, they can suffer from very uncomfortable and itchy skin conditions. They will scratch themselves constantly causing hair loss and scabs.
Rats cannot live on their staple food alone. Be sure to substitute frequently with fresh fruits and vegetables, with a treat of meat or chicken thrown in occasionally. Store bought treats should be kept to a minimum, instead use cereal, or the rats favourite fruit or vegetable. Peas are usually a favourite of every rat.
Be aware that there are a handful of foods that should not be fed to rats. A list of forbidden foods, or foods to give with caution can be found here:
