Assignment 7
1. What is the W3C World Wide Web Consortium?
A world wide organization for creation of Web standards. We can see that lots of popular industries take part in W3C, (for example, Inso, Adobe, Microsoft, Netscape, Oracle, BMG and so on) that is, W3C plays an important role that much. They develop common protocols that promote its evolution and ensure its interoperability.
2. Simple explanations for the following terms.
- Cyberspace
The online(or digital) world of computer networks.
- download
Transferring(copying) data (usually a file or files) from one computer (usually large computer, called server) to the memory of another device(usually the computer you are using). The opposite of upload.
- upload
Transferring data (usually a file or files) from one computer to another. The opposite of download.
- GIF (Graphic Interchange Format)
A graphic file format used on the internet. GIF format files are small -often smaller than the same file of JPG format files- and can be downloaded quickly. It is especially suitable for images containing large area of the same color.
- JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group : JPEG)
A format for image file. JPG format is preferred to the GIF for photographic images as opposed to line art or simple logo art.
- PNG
A graphic format specially designed for use on the World Wide Web and for image compression. The PNG format enables compression of images without any loss of quality, including high-resolution images. And PNG standard is free of any licensing costs.(GIF & JPG are not)
- login
(noun)The account name used to gain access to a computer system. Not a secret (contrast with Password).
(verb)The act of connecting to or accessing a remote computer system, network, server, or Web site. To login, you must provide a username and a password.
- mailing lists (listserv and majordomo)
A list of e-mail addresses that represent people who share a similar interest or who regularly correspond.
Or A (usually automated) system that allows people to send e-mail to one address, whereupon their message is copied and sent to all of the other subscribers to the maillist. For example, listserv is an automatic mailing list server and currently a commercial product marketed by L-Soft International. Majordomo is the mailing list server, either. That runs under Unix and it is free.
- newsgroups
The name for discussion groups on USENET.
1) What is USENET?
An online discussion group. Online services and bulletin board services (BBS's) provide a variety of forums, in which participants with common interests can exchange open messages.
2) How is USENET different from our class Discussion Board?
You need a newsreader(a software program for reading and posting articles to newsgroups.) in order to participate in USENET.
- packet switching
The method used to move data around on the Internet. Refers to protocols in which messages are divided into packets before they are sent. Each packet is then transmitted individually and can even follow different routes to its destination. Once all the packets forming a message arrive at the destination, they are recompiled into the original message. Most traffic over the Internet uses packet switching and the Internet is basically a connectionless network.
- router
A special-purpose computer (in some cases, software in a computer,) that handles the connection between 2 or more Packet-Switched networks.
- cookie
A piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the Server. Cookies contain information that identifies each user, for example: login or username, passwords, shopping cart information, preferences, and so on.