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CHAPTER 2: CONQUEST AND COLONIZATION
Section 1: Expeditions after Magellan I. Loaisa (1525-26) A. Loaisa’s death and successor B. Reaction on the spice island II. Alvaro Saavedra de Ceron (1527) A. Problems and death 1. The offshore islands of Mindanao 2. Saavedra’s death 3. The survivors B. Question of the Spice Island III. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542) A. Villalobos’ achievement and death 1. The Southern Islands 2. Baganga on the Eastern Mindanao coast B. Significance IV. Legazpi (1504) A. Urdaneta B. Instructions C. Samar, Bohol, Cebu
Section 2: Legazpi Conquers Cebu I. Initial Contact A. Refusal of Tupaz 1. Martin de Goiti and Fr. Urdaneta with a message of peace 2. Tupaz’s (chief) failure to appear 3. The capture of Tupaz’s niece B. The statue of the Child Jesus II. The conquest of Cebu A. The significance of the capture of Tupaz’s niece B. Spanish control of Cebu 1. Tupaz took the oath of Vassalage .o the Spanish king 2. The meaning of vassalage: a. Promise to obey the royal commands of the king b. Pledge of mutual help and defense against enemies c. Offenses will be properly dealt with d. Escapees are brought to proper authorities e. Payment of tribute 3. Other items included in the peace talks a. Promise to sell food to the Spanish at current prices b. Natives with arms can’t approach Spanish settlements
Section 3: Transfer to Panay I. Spain and Portugal’s rivalry in Cebu A. Polite diplomacy B. Open hostility C. Negros II. Return trip A. Salcedo and Urdaneta B. Galleon’s regular route for Mexico III. Manila A. Moro-traders B. Raja Soliman 1. Martin de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo 2. The capture of a fort in Mindoro 3. Disunity among the pre-Hispanic islanders 4. Blood-compact with Soliman 5. The fight between Goiti and Soliman IV. Royal instructions of 1570 A. Official instructions 1. Legazpi as “Adelantado” (Governor-General) 2. Spain colonizes the Philippines B. Back in Cebu (Villa Santisimo Nombre de Jesus) V. Back to Manila A. Lakandula “Tondo and Matanda of Manila” B. Political Organizations C. Legazpi appoints the city officials
Section 4: Pre-Hispanic Society I. Initial contacts between the Europeans an the eastern Visayan Pre-hispanic society (Leytenos) A. Pigafetta’s records about the natives and the indigenous lifestyle B. Cultured People II. Flaws as perceived by the Europeans A. Archaeology confirms early descriptions of the Philippines 1. Philippines as a part of the Asian land mass 2. Land bridges connecting the Philippines to Asia 3. Evidence of trade 4. People lived along the rivers to seacoasts 5. Existence of early burial practices B. Writings of the first missionaries and colonists in the Philippines 1. Lack of places for public worship 2. Existence of a priestly caste of 12 ranks 3. Practice of writing 4. Monogamy; succession of position 5. Existence of 2 social classes |
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