Summary Report of Internship Activities for the Neville Public Museum

October 28, 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Final Project – HIST 674

Fall 2005

Michael Furgiuele

Dr. R. Rook, Internship Advisor

Dr. R. Wilson, Academic Advisor

Dr. A. Morin, Director of MLS Program

Ft Hays State University

Table of Contents

 

 

Summary                                                                                                               3-5

 

Review of Primary Sources                                                                                 6

               

Review of Secondary Sources                                                                             6

 

Exhibit Planning                                                                                                  6

 

Personal Interest Summary Matrix                                                                   7

                Matrix                                                                                                    attached

                Schumacher                                                                                          9

                Crane                                                                                                     10

                Joannes                                                                                                  11

                Starr                                                                                                       12

                Bernard                                                                                                  13

                Williams                                                                                                                14

                Smith                                                                                                     15

                Lyons                                                                                                      16

                Blesch                                                                                                    17

                McMonagle (R3-35)                                                                              18

                Jacobi                                                                                                     19

                Loy                                                                                                          20

                Martin                                                                                                    21

Various Displayed Artifacts                                                                                                22

                Basch                                                                                                      22

                Nicolet                                                                                                   22

                Trading                                                                                                  22           

                Hunting                                                                                                 22

 

Collections                                                                                                            24-29

                Kieb                                                                                                        24           

                Keefe                                                                                                      25

                Ducat                                                                                                      26

                Duchateau                                                                                             27

                Huempfner                                                                                            28-29

 

Supporting Documentation                                                                                                30

                Gun Types                                                                                             31

                Specialty Guns and Manufacturers                                                   32-39

 

Conflict Weapons                                                                                                 41-43

                Revolutionary War                                                                               41

                Civil War                                                                                               42

                World War I                                                                                           43

                World War II                                                                                         43

 

Unique and Unusual Artifacts                                                                            44-45

 

Collection Database Record Descriptions (matrix attached)                          46-47

 

Personal Notes                                                                                                      48-49

 

Resources and References                                                                                   51-54

 

Internship Log                                                                                                      attached

 

Exhibits:

                Exhibit I:    Gun Collecting                                                                 8

                Exhibit II:   Major Donors                                                                   23

                Exhibit III:  Conflict Weapons Introduction                                     40

                Exhibit IV:  Exhibit Layout                                                                 50

Summary

 

Understanding research requirements required by museum professionals when preparing for an exhibit provided the catalyst for this project.  This internship project provided an opportunity to compile research materials, identify and catalog artifacts and prepare an exhibit layout for the July 2006 exhibit of “Bullet Points: Stories of Local Guns” in which guns from the Neville Museum’s[1] collection will be displayed.  These activities were included within the project umbrella of understanding the roles and responsibilities of museum standards and policies for handling artifacts, positioning and displaying exhibit pieces and providing a human-centric approach to the exhibit by researching the stories of selected artifacts, as well as develop a framework by which other pieces are brought into context.

 

Goals

 

The goals of this project provided in-depth understanding of museum practices in the areas of collection, research, artifact handling, display, cataloging and preservation as well as understanding the unique background of gun usage throughout the history of Northeast Wisconsin.

 

Methodology

 

To obtain real-world experience in research and exhibit planning, Museum curators including, Trevor Jones, Curator of History and Louise Pfotenhauer, Curator of Collections provided guidance with this project.  These individuals made it possible to understand the planning and design stages of exhibits, the standards presented by the American Association of Museums[2], the Wisconsin Federation of Museums[3], and the Archaeological Institute of America[4].

 

 

Museum Planning and Procedures:  Understanding the uniqueness of museum exhibit planning, analysis of visitor information and flow-pattern; understanding the balance between the requirements of museum administrators and the personal talents and focuses of curators in presenting their vision for exhibits; and reinforcement of the educational opportunities offered by museums in an ever-expanding cyber-generation[5].

 

Collections: In order to understand the cataloging system used by the museum, a detailed review of museum nomenclature, cataloging and storage of pieces as well as hands-on experience with Argus database provided the basis for the research matrix.

 

Research:  In-depth analysis of each artifact including identifying patent dates, markings, symbols and personal markings – such as etchings or initials – provided the basis for cataloging the uniqueness of each item and for identifying the personal stories and later the histories required for selected pieces within the exhibit.

 

After the initial review of each artifact within the museums, gun collection, a required triangulation of activities verified the identity and authenticity of selected pieces.

 

Card Catalog:  The museum has a manual (card stock) repository of artifact data as well as electronic versions of pieces bought, loaned or donated within the museums collection.  These data sources provide a listing of donors, the date the piece was accessioned within the collection and in some cases, historical information on the usage, donor, or period of the artifact.

 

Museum Records:  The original museum registry (1910s-1920s) includes a listing of originally collected objects secured by the Neville Museum at its inception.  Hand-written collection notes include donor information, a detailed description including renderings of the artifact, and possible historical connections.

 

Museum Survey/Valuation:  An undated valuation survey completed by John Powell, a local dealer and weapons expert, assisted museum administrators with the historical significance of each piece at the time, and required preservation methods required.

 

Previous Assimilation Records:  An effort of combining various source materials for the arms and armament collection within the Neville in 1999 combined the notes from the card catalog, “tag” information, and the survey materials.  It did not include an in-depth visual review of the various artifacts to capture markings and engravings.

 

Argus database:  This database is the central data collection method used by the Neville Public Museum. Each record provides inventory information including donor, dates, period, description, standard cataloging nomenclature, digital images of each piece, status, and background of usage, donors including bibliography and resources used in their appraisal.

 

Visual Review:  In addition to completing a review of the various source materials, a visual review was completed for each piece selected for the exhibit. This review recorded additional information including maker, patent dates, and city of manufacture, etchings, condition, personal markings, and location. 

 

            After a review of the artifacts, a database/research matrix (attached) isolated each piece of data collection, by source, as well as their accession number, donor, and location.  This database provided a snapshot of all the artifacts available for research and study. A completed matrix provided a list of possible pieces requiring research.

 

Since the data gathered for each category will be used as the label for the exhibit, long descriptions and biographies were not requested.   The listing of possible exhibit items was broken into several sections:

 

Human Interest Stories:  Based on the information within the database, a listing of those objects, which contained notes, or identifying information provided the basis for human-centric research and development.

 

Artifacts by Period or Usage:  In addition to local and related historical stories, the 2006 exhibit will provide an educational basis of weapons based on their usage.  Artifacts were classified by conflict (Civil War, World War I, II), and usage (hunting, exploration, and personal defense).

 

Additional Educational Opportunities:  This project targeted artifacts which provide the public with educational opportunities through exhibit notes, banners and labels outlining gun collecting, the falsification of artifacts, and local archaeological discoveries.

 

Major Additions to the Collection:  Activities for this section included a brief biographical review of the donors who made major contributions to the museum’s weapon collection or were associated with major donations over the course of the museum’s history.

 

An outline of potential research targets complied in consultation with the internship Project Manager placed emphasis on providing sufficient local historical significance for the exhibit while identifying other educational opportunities for the public.

 

Phase II of the project included an in-depth review of the historical significance and personal stories surrounding the selected artifacts.  This required both primary and secondary resources. 

 

Primary Sources:  The Neville Public Museum houses a vast collection of materials of local, national, and international interest.   Primary Resources used for this project included but not limited to:

·        Receipts from donors on their contribution to the museum,

·        Newspaper articles and excerpts,

·        Bills of transfer, lading, and shipping,

·        Minutes from Board Meetings, Corporation Minutes,

·        Scrapbooks maintained by Museum administrators, local historians, and founding members of the museum,

·        Letters and correspondence from donors, family members and museum professionals regarding the weapons secured by the museum,

·        Letters and correspondence secured by the museum which identify usage of the weapons in daily life,

·        Military records from various periods including: military rosters, pay vouchers, discharge papers, and commendations for service, and

·        Obituaries, funeral notices and other materials on donors and their families.

 

Secondary Sources:  Several publications and online references provided information for this project. Specific topics included gun collecting, historic timelines, donor relationships, background data on founding families of Green Bay and the Northeast Wisconsin Territory within the museum’s library as well as sources available within the Brown County Public Library’s Local History and Genealogy Department, Heritage Hill State Park, the Brown County Historical Society as well as websites and research databases.  A comprehensive list of resources used for this project is included at the end of this summary.

 

            After completing an initial research review based on original museum records, additional stories developed enhanced the personal interest stories for the exhibit. This cross-reference provided the ability to educate the public on a larger number of local usages and stories and presented to the Project Manager for review.

 

Exhibit Layout and Planning:

 

            Personal stories and development of an exhibit layout required knowledge obtained from the internship Project manager as well as through hands-on experience gained by working on other exhibits during the course of 2005. This combination of experience and selection provided the basic layout for this exhibit.

           

            The final product of research and planning is included in the following pages.  These pages identify the individuals, artifacts, and educational materials proposed for the exhibit.

Primary Research Targets (Personal Interest)

 

Various	Weapons and material discovered by J. P. Schumacher at Shoemaker Point, Door County.
85/706	Navy Revolver.  Used by Dr. C. E. Crane, noted surgeon.
68/7880	Army Rifle: Springfield type – Used by Wm. Joannes during the Civil War.
393/2075	Revolver: COLT 45 – engraved with B. Star – considered a fake due to the patent date.
52/6700	Rifle: W. Chance & Son rifle presented to donor’s family by Solomon Juneau, founder of Milwaukee
L1654	Shotgun: Used by Mrs. Eleazer Williams.
1967.29.4	Revolver: Used by Melancton Smith III during the Civil War.
62/269	Carbine. Used by James F. Lyon during 1864 Atlanta Campaign.
L2521	Shotgun. Belgian double-barreled shotgun brought to America in 1840 by Blesch family.  Accoutrements include a shot bag and powder horn made by Frank T. Blesch to accompany the gun.
R3-35	Cane/Poachers Gun – Possibly used by William McMonagle and donated by his son, Edward.
L2188	Revolver.  Used by Eldridge Jacobi when making a railroad survey.
59/6941	Revolver. Made by Peter S. Loy.
89/6535	Barrel.  Archaeological.  Barrel found on property of George Martin and donated by Deborah B. Martin.
On-Display(Basche)	US 1816-model flintlock musket with improvements of 1837.  A Harpers Ferry (Hunting).
On-Display (Basche)	Double-barrel shotgun, 12 gauge percussion muzzleloader ca 1865 (Hunting).
On-Display (Nicolet)	18th Century flintlock pistols similar to those used by Nicolet during his landing in “La Baye Verde” or Green Bay.
On-Display(Civil War)	1863-model Springfield musket rifle. Popular during the Civil War on both sides.
On-Display (Trading)	Percussion rifle ca. 1840. Decorated with brass tacks and inlaid silver, this rifle is very typical of weapons used by trappers and traded with Indians.

 

The corresponding histories provided curators with information not secured by other means and allowed the creation of labels, which form the basis of educating the public on exhibit pieces.

(EXHIBIT I - POSTER)

 

GUN COLLECTING:

 

Gun Collectors are unique breeds – who combine their love of history, preservation, and education with their love of story telling.  The Neville Public Museum carries over 100 guns from various periods and from various collectors, obtained throughout its 90-year history.

 

Gun Collecting is “an American symbol – a symbol closely associated with the Freedom and Liberty, so dear to men’s hearts”[6]

           

 

VARIOUS – J. P. SCHUMACHER (ARCHAEOLOGICAL)

 

 

Summary:

 

John P. Schumacher was born in 1855 in Luxemburg.  Schumacher started in business at age 19 across from the Schauer-Schumacher building on Walnut Street in Green Bay.  By 1882, he was the first practicing embalmer, licensed to work in the state of Wisconsin.  Since funeral parlors required access to caskets, Schumacher had “furniture stores as well as the largest of the town’s four undertaking parlors”[7]. He was a local philanthropist, renovating and rejuvenating local theater in the late 1800s and early 1900s. He was an active collector and amateur archaeologist.  Schumacher was responsible for mapping the archaeological site of St. John’s in Allouez, which marked the boundaries of Shantytown and Memonineville to the south.  In 1929, he was made Vice President of the Brown County Historical Society and he later managed the Cherry Street Opera House. 

 

In the 1930s, Schumacher discovered several Indian burial mounds at Shoemakers Point in Door County, Wisconsin.  Neville Public Museum curators and archaeologists assisted with the retrieval and identification of vast numbers of pottery pieces, stone images, and weapon parts.  The site was a Pottawatomie Indian village. Newspapers reported his find throughout the state and visitors converged on the site to see the archaeological work in progress.

 

Sources:

 

Milwaukee Journal 6.29.39

Green Bay Press-Gazette 1.24.30

Schumacher Bill of Sale 7.1.26

Brown County Historical Bulletins:

            Volume I, No. 4, p.15

            Volume II, No. 3, p.2

            Volume V, No. 1, p.9

            Volume IV, No. 1, p.10

 

Accoutrements:

 

173/3781         Cannon Ball

450/421           Mortar

149/258           Lead Bullet

Several             Flint blanks

211/421           Bayonet
85/706 – Dr. Charles E. Crane:

 

Summary:

 

Dr. Crane was born November 27, 1827.  He was educated in Erie County, Ohio, and attended Western Reserve College.  In 1861, He was appointed Assistant Surgeon to the 5^th Wisconsin Infantry and was present at several key battles of the Civil War including the Battle of Williamsburg.  In 1863, he was promoted to Surgeon.  He was discharged from active service in 1864.

 

Dr. Crane supported the organization of a funeral procession in Green Bay for Abraham Lincoln and “when President Garfield was buried 16 years later, the scene was repeated”[8] with Crane’s involvement. On July 4, 1865, Crane acted as chief Marshall to celebrate the end of the Civil War[9].

 

Dr. Crane was one of the organizers of the Brown County Medical Society and Fox Valley Medical Society.  He married Mrs. Louise (Beard) Desnoyers and was active in local civic organizations including President of School Board, Head of the Board of Health, and later Mayor of Green Bay in 1874, 1875, 1877-79.

 

 

 

 

Sources:

 

 American Sketch Book: A Collection of Historical Incidents. Bella French.

 

Commemorative Biographical Record of the Counties of Brown, Kewaunee, and Door, Wisconsin, JH Beers & Company, Chicago, 1895.
68/7880 - William Joannes

 

Summary:

 

The Joannes family immigrated to America in 1856 and settled in Wisconsin several years later. William Joannes was part of the Williams Brothers grocery business, which flourished throughout Green Bay in the late 1800s.  In 1891, the business expanded, adding a warehouse on the Fox River and within the Chicago & North Western railroad system.  The Joannes profited by distributing their Champion brand spices.   The Joannes Brothers owned “what was called Washington Park, including the present site of East High School and Old City Stadium”[10] which became home of the Acme Packers football team.  The Brothers provided the use of the land to the Gentleman’s Driving and Riding Club during the late 1800s prior to selling the land to Henry Hagemeister and the Hagemeister Brewing Company.

 

 A letter sent to the Neville Museum from Mr. and Mrs. William Joannes and Arthur W. Joannes identified this artifact as belonging to Joannes during the Civil War.

 

 

Sources:           Letter from William and Arthur Joannes.

Commemorative Biographical Record of the Counties of Brown, Kewaunee and Door, Wisconsin.

                       

 

Accouterments:

 

L2189 - Holster

393/2075 – STARR FORGERY

 

 

Summary:

 

In some cases, people use weapons to associate with famous – or infamous – people of the past.  In many cases, this is meant to enhance the mythology of times past, to create a legend, or for profit and fame.  One case is this .45 caliber COLT revolver.  The weapon has been engraved with “B. Starr” and believed to be attributed to Belle Starr, the “Bandit Queen” of the Wild West.  However, a review of the artifact indicates a patent date of July 4, 1905, 14 years after Belle’s death.

 

Bell Starr was born Myra Maybelle Shirley in 1848. A daughter of a well-to-do family in Missouri, the family businesses included taverns, saloons, inns, and real estate holdings.  Growing up in the Missouri Territory was harsh, and her family taught her how to handle a gun for protection.  During the Civil War, the Shirley’s businesses plummeted and they moved to Texas where Belle married an outlaw, Jim Reed.  Reed was killed in 1870 while attempting to run from authorities, forcing Belle to seek refuge with Tom Starr, a Cherokee Indian.  The two settled in an area of Arkansas known for harboring criminals on the run.  In 1883, the Starrs were found guilty of horse stealing and after serving nine months in prison, returned to their home.  Belle would often wear her trademark black velvet hat, and was seen riding sidesaddle, carrying her 6-shooter. In 1885, John Middleton, a fleeing outlaw, used the Starr’s assistance to secure a mare and took Belle’s infamous Colt .45.  He died while trying to escape.

 

During 1886, there were burglaries at several farms and witnesses believed a woman, disguised as a man, conspired in the crimes.  Belle was arrested but later released.  After returning to her home, Tom Starr was killed in an attempt to escape prosecution for a series of crimes, leaving Belle to raise a family on their Indian lands.  Belle attempted to sell a portion of her lands to Edgar Watson until she found out he was wanted in Florida.  Fearing retribution from Tribal authorities, Belle retracted the offer – causing great friction between the families.  In 1886 after leaving a party, Belle was shot and killed while riding her horse in front of the Watson farm.  No one was ever charged in her murder.

 

Story Source Retrieved October 13, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.historynet.com/we/blbanditqueenbellestar/

 

52/6700 – Louis Bernard (Chief Kaquaotosh)

 

Louis Bernard – Chief Kaquaotosh (Born 1858)

 

Summary:

 

Harry Gochnauer donated the gun from Louis Bernard of Menominee, Michigan who was known as Chief Kaquaotosh.  The gun was originally a flintlock rifle but was converted for use with a cap by a Green Bay Gunsmith.  The rifle was obtained from Solomon Juneau, who was a friend of Chief Kaquaotosh.  The artifact was past down through three generations until donated to the museum’s collection[11].  Louis Bernard lived near the site of the original dam and first sawmills built in Wisconsin, near Marinette[12].

 

 

Accoutrements:

 

440/6701         Bag

429/6702         Pouch
L1654 - Madeline Jourdain (Mrs. Eleazer) Williams

a.k.a. Mary Hobart Williams

 

Summary: 

 

Madeline Jourdain was born in 1809, a Menominee of mixed Indian and French Ancestry.  He father, Joseph Jourdain was a noted blacksmith[13] in Green Bay starting in 1789[14] and the government blacksmith to the Indians in Green Bay. Joseph would carve “JJ” as well as the crescent – the mark of the maker – on items he created or updated. He was very wealthy and heavily respected member of the Green Bay community.  Joseph Madeline’s mother was Margueritte Gravell, daughter of a Menominee Chief.  Madeline adopted the name Mary Hobart after being baptized by Bishop Hobart in New York.  She married Eleazer Williams in 1823 at the age of 14. Her dowry included over 4,000 acres of land along the Fox River, where the couple eventually settled[15].  During her marriage, several acres were sold for future settlements and when she died in 1886, the remaining last was presented to her adoptive daughter, Josephine Penny[16][17].

 

Her husband, Eleazer Williams was a missionary to the Oneida Indians in New York before moving to Wisconsin to setup a Counsel of Indians.  He then withdrew from the Indian-life and started a school for white children of new settlers of the Green Bay area[18] on the site of the original Indian Agency House before moving to a farm owned by Judge Doty and built in 1825[19] .  Eleazer believed himself to be the “lost dauphin”, son of the executed Louis XVI of France.  The shotgun is reported to be used by Mrs. Williams during her time in Green Bay for protection and hunting[20] and is believed to have been made by her father, Joseph who was also a gunsmith in addition to his work as a blacksmith[21].

 

Additional Notes and Source Materials:

•  “Grandma Margaret Jourdain (Mrs. Eleazer Williams) – her gun used by Mrs. Williams for many years”.  Receipt acknowledged by A.C. Neville.[22]
• There are several files/copies of materials on the family available through microfilm and archives at Neville or State Historical Society.
• Deeds and petitions pertaining to the property and inheritance
• Diary of Mary (1834-39,1858-78)
• Autobiographical notes by E. Williams (through 1821, 1831-33, 1826-31)
• Scrapbook by E. Williams 1853-1854

1967.29.4 - Rear Admiral Melancton Smith III

 

Summary:

 

As a naval officer during the Civil War, Smith was head of forces throughout the North Atlantic and North Carolina coasts.  After the war, he continued to serve the nation as leader of training and recruitment and proposed the idea for a “Good Conduct Medal” for those who serve in the Navy.  He received a promotion to Commodore in 1866 and led the Washington Navy Yard.  In 1870, Smith was elevated to Rear Admiral. After retiring from the Navy in 1871, he returned to Green Bay to cover the financial issues presented by Morgan L Martin including Hazelwood.  Smith died at Hazelwood on July 19, 1893 at age 83. At his funeral, William J. Fisk, Mayor James H Elmore, and A.C. Neville acted as pallbearers.[23] Among the possessions offered to the museum are his naval sword, his service revolver, naval frock coat as well as several military documents and correspondence.

 

Additional Notes and Source Information:

 

Morgan L Martin – lawyer and political leader, executive and civic leader.  He worked with Solomon Juneau for the platting of east Milwaukee.  Juneau was the founder of Milwaukee.

 

Elizabeth Smith Martin – member of the Smith/Platt family of Plattsburg, NY. Worked with Mrs. Francis Blesch in saving Fort Howard Hospital Museum.

• Elizabeth Smith Martin, half-sister at Hazelwood.
• Commission records available (7596-99, 7600-01)

• Photos available within the museum collection

 

D.B. Martin Scrapbook. Pages 35-38

Green Bay Historical Bulletin, Vol. 1, #4, 1925, (11)

 

Dr. William Beaumont – Led experiments on Alexis St. Martin, the Canadian voyager at Mackinac.  His experiments made him famous as an Army surgeon.  Stationed at Ft. Howard from 1826-1828.  In June 1826, Beaumont wrote the War Department regarding the medical facilities and general bad conditions at the Fort hospital.  Equipment and supplies were then moved from Sackett’s Harbor to Green Bay.[24]

 

Accoutrements for Melancton Smith:

 

89/6536                       Gun Barrel                                            L2472              Pistol

1400                            Rifle                                                     85/706             Pistol

1833                            Rifle

345-347/7623              American Flags

405                              Confederate Sword

447/10                         Holsters

62/269 – James F. Lyons

 

Summary:

 

 In rare cases, collectors stumble upon artifacts with a rich history.  In the case of this .50 caliber, Carbine developed by Merrill, the owner, Mr. James Lyacus, secured a detailed background of the guns usage during one of the turning points of the Civil War.

 

Undated letter from James Lyacus to his nephew:

 

“This carbine was carried by James F Lyon, a member of Company C First Wisconsin Calvary in the “Atlanta Campaign” 1864 – That it was fired at the enemy many times goes without saying.

 

            Mr. Lyon was taken sick at “Lost Mountain” in June of that year, too sick to know, or care, what became of his equipment and had no thought of ever again seeing , or hearing, of the old gun.

 

            While residing in Ironwood, Michigan in 1891, the gun came back to him in the following manner.

            Mr. J. B. Axtaten, a veteran of the “Spanish War”, then living in Chicago in fixing up a “Den” purchased some weapons and among them the carbine – In cleaning it up he found the inscription, still visible on the brass plate on the stock.  This led him to make some inquiring to see of the old Cavalry man was still on earth and to the veteran of the gun

 

 

 

Source: undated letter within collections office

 

L2521 – Frank T. Blesch

 

Summary:

 

Mrs. Antoinette Schneider, Frank Blesch’s grandmother, brought this shotgun to America from Belgium in 1840.  Double-barreled shotguns like this were particularly famous in Belgium during the middle 1800s.  Included with the donation is a powder horn and shot bag made by Frank T. Blesch as a boy[25].

 

Mr. Francis (Frank) Blesch was born in 1861 to Francis Blesch, a pioneering member of Ft. Howard who immigrated to America in 1849 and settled in Green Bay. In 1850, Francis, Sr. established “the first brewery in Northeast Wisconsin”[26].  Being the only brewery in Green Bay at the time, his production levels required more room and he soon built a new brewery and the first two-story building in Brown County[27], and worked in Green Bay until his death in 1879.

 

Frank started in business at the age of 16 and worked as a clerk for his brother-in-law, J.L. Jorgenson.  After several years, he was made a partner in the business and became President of the Jorgenson-Blesch Department store where he worked until the company was sold to Prange Company.  Mr. Blesch retired in 1919.

 

During his professional years, Frank Blesch was a devoted civic and cultural contributor, holding several memberships within civic and religious organizations.  An avid collector of Indian and Mexican relics, Mr. Blesch donated a great deal of time and a number of artifacts to the Neville Museum[28].  Blesch was on the Board of Directors of the Neville prior to his retirement in 1919.  Mr. Blesch married Margaret Meriwether-Towles, a civic leader in Green Bay who worked on several restoration projects including saving the Ft Howard Hospital and the Otto Tank Cottage and park[29].  She died in 1947.  Mr. Blesch died November 27, 1938 at the age of 77.

 

 

           

R3-35 William McMonagle

 

English Poachers/Cane gun donated by Edward McMonagle and owned by his father, William.

 

This gun resembles a can and can be placed into action within moments.  The trigger is concealed within the cane but can act as a 16 gauge, muzzle-loading rifle. 

 

Green Bay Press-Gazette 1.24.30 (Neville Scrapbook, Vol. 12, page 10).

 

 

**SPECIAL NOTE:  The artifact listed as R3-35 currently has no donor or information on file in the museum.  Since this background was obtained from researching the Neville Scrapbook, this information was provided to Louise Pfotenhauer for follow-up before providing an accession number and solidifying the connection between artifact and the notes indicated above.

 

 

 

 

L2188 – Eldridge Jacobi

 

 

It is believed that Elbridge Jacobi used this Remington revolver (patent 1858) while working on a survey map for the railroad system through the Black Hills.  Supposedly, the weapon was used to ward off approaching Indians he encountered during his work.

 

Elbridge Jacobi was married to Harriett Bell Jacobi, great-granddaughter of Daniel Whitney who created his wealth in fur trading, lumber, and real estate – promoting Shantytown and platting the village of Navarino.

 

Sources:

            From 6/11/23 Receipt by A.C. Neville

 

            Rudolph, Jack and Betsy Foley, Ed. The Green Bay Area in History and Legend.

Green Bay: Brown County Historical Society, 2004: 21.

59/6941 – Peter S. Loy

 

Letter of 6/10/1911 from Peter S. Loy – “presented museum with hunting box and gun he made himself”.

 

Summary:

 

Peter S. Loy was named for Peter Schell, Treasurer of the Bedford & Stoyston Turnpike Road Company.  John Schell was his grandfather and President of the firm.  He married Emily Hays in 1869 at the home of Randall Wilcox of DePere[30]. Loy was an avid hunter and hunted with A.C. Neville, President of the museum during the late 1920s[31].

 

Accoutrements:

 

L4749              Revolver

64/6936           Winchester Rifle

65/6937           English Shotgun

110/4758         Bullet Mold

113/6938         Gun Case

479/280           Cartridge Belt

480/280           Hunting Bag

528/280           Eversharp (made of gunmetal)

2205/280         Scrapbook

89/6535 – George L. Martin

 

 

Summary:  Deborah Beaumont Martin donated this barrel part found on the property of George Martin.  George Martin was born in 1860 and lived in the Preble area of Green Bay for over thirty years.  He worked for Frank Hagemeister in Green Bay and later bought a brewery and moved to Sturgeon Bay[32].

(VARIOUS ON DISPLAY)

 

Maishe Basche

 

One of Green Bay’s noted hunters, Maishe Basche “who enjoyed the reputation of having bagged more wild ducks than any other man in the city’s history”[33].  Like many other top hunters of the late 1800s, Basche and his associates gathered in the Green Bay Sportsman’s Club lodge.

 

Note: Photos of Green Bay Sportsman’s lodge are available.

 

Jean Nicolet

 

Jean Nicolet announced his landing in Green Bay by shooting a pair of pistols into the air.  These flintlock pistols are similar to those used by Nicolet during his landing.

 

Civil War

 

This Springfield musket was a popular weapon on both sides of the struggle during the Civil War.

 

Trading Rifles

 

Heavily decorated percussion rifles were typical of trading weapons between earlier pioneers in Green Bay and the local Indian populations.

(EXHIBIT II - POSTER)

 

Throughout the history of the Neville Museum, donors and benefactors interested in collecting, preserving, and sharing, their collections with others contributed to the museum’s collection of arms and armament.  Their stories and artifacts have made it possible for future generations to learn about the role that Wisconsin played in many of the nation’s conflicts.

 

Here we dedicate special attention to those men who provided the museum with their collection of guns.

Collections - Reverend James Kieb

 

 

Summary:

 

James Kieb was a noted collector and missionary in Green Bay in the early part of the twentieth-century[34].  Kieb was the first curator of the museum in 1917[35] and later the Chairman of the Green Bay Historical Society[36]. A.C. Neville for the Brown County Museum commissioned Kieb to collect many of the items in his collection.

 

Rev. Kieb worked at the St. Elizabeth Mission in Honolulu during the 1920s[37] and continued to travel the world and work for the museum as an obtainer of rare and unique artifacts.  In 1926, Kieb obtained this rare Japanese gun and sword specifically for the 1926 Art Week Exhibit[38].  This Japanese gun is made of rosewood inlaid with silver and white brass.  Coat of arms on the weapon is part of the Tokagowa Showgonate – oldest and most powerful masters in Japan.    Dr. Katsunuma, an authority on Japanese arms, authenticated the piece and its background.[39]  Portugal traders introduced firearms, like this one, into Japan in the early 1600s.[40]

 

 

 

 

Selected artifacts:

 

K859   Russian Military Rifle. 1874 Beaumont Vitalis. WWI Usage. L47/261  Japanese Matchlock Gun. Rosewood ornate. L862      Kentucky-style rifle. 1840s.

 

 

Accoutrements:

 

Medal:              L1762

Sword:             267/3119
Collections – Reverend, Father, Chaplain, Colonel Anselm Keefe

 

Summary:

 

Father Keefe was born in Oconto, Wisconsin in 1895.  He entered St. Norbert in 1912, 14 years after the start of the college where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1916.  He entered the Norbertine order in 1920 and continued to pursue his educational as well as religious goals.  In 1923, he received a Master of Arts in Biology from Catholic University and completed a PhD in Botany in early 1926, making him the first priest to receive a PhD from the University of Wisconsin. Later that year, he was Head of Biology at St. Norbert[41].

 

Father Keefe held a passion for the military since youth as he watched his father’s regiment of the National Guard.  Following his father’s example, Keefe entered World War I in 1921 as a chaplain in Army Reserve.  The military promoted Keefe to the rank of Captain in 1924.  In 1938, he was Major Keefe with the 135^th Medical Regiment of the Wisconsin National Guard.  From 1940-1946, Keefe served as an army chaplain.  He returned to St Norbert in 1946, but remained active in army life until 1955.  He was the only Wisconsin delegate to a Pentagon conference on morals and spiritual guidance for the Armed Services following the war.  During his wartime experience, he received the Legion of Merit and Bronze Star among others.  His passion for military actions was evident with his push to install a ROTC center at St Norbert in 1936.  Later, he would maintain his close ties to his military comrades by writing an annual “Chaplain’s Bulletin” which ended after 29 years in 1974. 

 

During the war, scholar Keefe was responsible for working with the Malaria Control Program where he discovered an unidentified mosquito in New Guinea, which bares his name - AEDES KEEFEII.  At St Norbert, he brought modernization and organizational structure changes – removing the high school and outreach components of scholastic achievements and worked on various accreditation for the college, eventually gaining the North Central Association accreditation as a four-year, liberal arts college.  Keefe was the first alumni at St. Norbert to be elevated to the level of Dean.  In 1952, he was instrumental in establishing co-educational opportunities on campus. Very active in theater and the arts, he worked on the St Norbert Philharmonic and established the Alpha Phi Omega service fraternity.

 

Father Keefe maintained his vitality for life and his dedication to his military comrades until his death.  Father Keefe was buried at the DePere Abbey on October 15, 1974.

 

Selected artifacts from the Keefe Collection include:

1. 216/457 – Pistol/Knife Combination
2. 221/457 – Hopkins & Allen Revolver. 1871
3. 222/457 – French-made revolver, rim fire. 1850
4. 224/457 – Remington Revolver. 1861
5. 426/2360 – Arisaka Japanese Rifle
6. 508/2879 – Polish Radon Model 1935 Pistol

COLLECTIONS –James R. Ducat

 

Summary:

 

James R. Ducat was born in 1934 and lived his life in Green Bay, Wisconsin.  An amateur geologist and gun collector, Ducat assisted museum administrators with identifying, preserving and displaying guns within the collection[42]. Mr. Ducat left an impressive collection of handguns to the Neville Museum after his death in 2001. His collection of artifacts presented to the museum in his will (9.27.01)  and an appraisal of the collection pieces completed by Robert Massart of Green Bay who viewed, analyzed and evaluated each piece presented (8.10.01) shows his diversity for collecting.

 

 

Selected artifacts from the Ducat Collection include:

 

2002.10.161-163	Pen Gun(s)
2002.10.205	Percussion Pistol.
2002.10.206	Japanese Semi-Automatic Pistol
2002.10.220A/B	Pocket Pistol with Purse
2002.10.211	Smith & Wesson Pistol. Concealed Hammer, 1800s
2002.10.214	Mauser Semi-Automatic Pistol. Waffenfabrik mfg.
2002.10.216A/B	“Little Ace” Pocket Pistol and Holster. Svendsen F A Mfg – USA
2002.10.225	Budapest Frommer Pistol.
2002.10.230	Daisy BB Gun
2002.10.233	National Arms Co. Pocket Pistol
2002.10.234	Liberty Gun

Collections:  Frank Jean Baptiste. DuChateau (Duchateau)

 

Summary:

 

Frank DuChateau was born in 1867 of French and Belgian ancestry.  His father, Abellard immigrated to America in 1856 and worked as a wine and liquor merchant, eventually establishing a business at Shoemaker’s Point in Door County, Wisconsin[43].  Frank DuChateau led A. DuChateau Company, which distilled and sold liquor in Green Bay prior to prohibition.  In 1890, he married Mary Beaupre who died in 1892.  In 1893, he married Mrs. Julia O’Leary of a pioneering Green Bay family. Green Bay Business Directory lists DuChateau as the Director of the Kellogg National Bank in 1897[44]. As prohibition made his business illegal, he turned his interests toward real estate. An avid collector, the DuChateau collection includes over 10,000 items including letters, personal correspondence and papers, business records, as well as military records of his work within Belgium during and after World War I for which the King of Belgium decorated him with the medal of King Albert in 1919.

 

In addition to his business and community sponsorship, DuChateau held memberships in many state historical societies and was the first Vice President of the Neville Museum in 1929 and later it’s President until 1952.

 

Source:

Based on information obtained through Curator notes and intern collected materials from 1995 (Di L. Adams, Curator of Collections: 3.15.90)

 

Exhibit Selections from the DuChateau Collection include:

382/2026[45]	Guerilla Gun
D10592	Springfield 1873 Rifle
D10595	1817 Harpers Ferry Musketoon
D10597	1777 French Musketoon
D10598	1842/1845 Springfield Musket
D10601	1845 Plaines Rifle
D10604	1866 Chassepot Rifle
D5323	Beaumont-Vitalis Rifle
D9746	1858 STARR Bowstead revolver.
D9750	Pistol (archaeological)
D9754	Pistol (archaeological)
D9870	Ketland & Co. Revolutionary War Pistol
D9871	Lefaucheaux Pistol

 

Collections: - Milo C. Huempfner

Pvt Infantry – 82^nd Airborne

551st Parachute Infantry Battalion

           

Summary:

 

In December 1944, at the Battle of the Bulge, Germans thrown back to the Rhine attempted a final counterattack in the Ardennes.  During the night, weather, debris and darkness forced Pvt. Milo Huempfner, a member of the 551^st Parachute Battalion and his Commander off the road near Leignon, Belgium when their truck overturned.  While his Captain went for assistance, Huempfner remained to secure the truck, filled with much needed ammunition. Huempfner escaped advancing German troops near the town of Leignon in Belgium to warn U.S. troops, who are rapidly approaching the city.  During the day, he hid within the city for help, which did not arrive.  Enemy troops ambushed The 551^st Battalion – along with his Captain and killed them in the struggle.

 

As German troops entered the city, Victor Deville, the local Station Manager, hid Huempfner in a railway station.  Huempfner never forgot his savior and attempted to reunite with Deville 18 years after the war.  Unfortunately, Deville had already died.

 

During his days without any allied support, Huempfner is credited with the captured 18 enemy troops and while acting as “The one many army”[46], he destroyed advancing German tanks and machines.  With his prisoners in detainment, an American outfit found him – but believed Huempfner was a German agent.  Again, Deville saved him by recounting the story of heroism, which later earned Huempfner the Distinguished Service Medal.  In addition, the town of Leignon commemorated his actions with a statue and later, a French comic book, Spirou, recounted his experience in a segment entitled, “Seul Contre Tous”, or Alone Against the World[47] as well as within a French film.

 

Huempfner was an avid writer, poet and songwriter – and routinely corresponded with military and political figures[48]. After the war, Milo dedicated time and energy to many veterans associations in Green Bay and Wisconsin and attended the funerals for his comrades[49]. Many of his papers, letters, and war memorabilia are included in the museums collection.  Huempfner died in October 1985 at the age of 67.

 

Huempfner, Milo C. (cont.)

 

Selected weapons amplifying Huempfner’s life include:

 

531/2879	Mauser Model 98 complete with sling and bayonet
532/2879	Machine Pistol. Found on Western Front. Gun with shoulder brace.
533/2879	German Walther P-38 Semi-Automatic with holster.
534/2879	German Mauser 1916 with holster.
536/2879	Browning’s Pistol. German occupied area of Belgium. Nationale d’Armes de guerre.
537/2879	Brevette Pocket “Spy” automatic.

 

Additional display pieces in the collection include:

 

Flags	5291-5296/2879
Pennants	5296/2879
Armbands	579/2879
Cleaning rod and case	580/2879
Utensils and field pack materials	5378-5380/2879
Maps	4171-4172/2879
Scrapbook.	4468/3319
Distinguished Service Cross/Medal	4018-4019/2879
Medals	3932,3934,3985,4211-4215,3926/2879

.

Additional Material:

 

http://site.voila.fr/koufra44/page4.html

http://www.ww2-airborne.us/division/82_overview.html

Pfc Milo C Huempfner
551st PIB Serv Co
DSC

Image Retrieved from World Wide Web: September 19, 2005: http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/551/551_trp.html

Supporting Documentation on Arms and Armaments Selected for the Exhibit

 

 

 

Prior to compiling research on the local histories surrounding the gun collection within the museum, a literature review completed identified the anatomy of a firearm, the history and various types used throughout history within the United States and abroad.

The following information supported the history of the artifacts selected and enhanced the stories developed for the exhibit.  Designed as a human-centric, rather than a mechanical history of guns and their manufacturers, this material supported and provided a means of documenting the steps involved in this project.  The Curator will use this information only as necessary to support and enhance the pieces on exhibit.

 

           
GUN TYPES – A BRIEF REVIEW:

 

MATCHLOCK:  A CORD IS TIED TO A BIT OF POWDER, WHEN ACTIVATED; THE FLASH DETONATES THE CHARGE AT THE BORE OF THE BARREL – EXPELLING THE BALL.

 

WHEEL LOCK: A SERRATED-STEEL WHEEL IS ATTACHED TO THE SIDE OF THE GUN BARREL. PULLING THE TRIGGER ROTATES THE WHEEL, WHICH STRIKES A PIECE OF PYRATE (A MINERAL USED IN GUNPOWDER), CAUSING SPARKS AND PROJECTING THE BALL FROM THE BARREL.

 

FLINTLOCK: SPARKS RESULTING FROM FLINT WHEN IT STRIKES THE FRIZZEN IGNITES THE POWDER WHICN, IN TURN IGNITES THE MAIN CHARGE AND EXPELLS THE PROJECTILE.

 

BREECH LOADING: LOADING OF A PROJECTILE WITHIN THE BARREL AT THE TRIGGER POSITION OF A GUN.

 

PATCH-LOCK: A PAPER CAP IS INSERTED INTO A REMOVABLE HAMMER. WHEN STRUCK, THE FLASH PROPELS THROUGH THE BORE OF THE GUN.  THIS METHOD IS SIMILAR TO THE CAP PISTOLS OF TODAY.

 

NEEDLE-FIRE: A NEEDLE, LOCATED WITHIN THE TRIGGER MECHANISM OF THE GUN, PENATRATES THE BASE OF THE PAPER CARTRIDGE.

 

PERCUSSION: A CAP IS PLACED OVER THE NIPPLE WITHIN THE TRIGGER MECHANISM.  WHEN THE HAMMER HITS THE NIPPLE, SPARKS ENTER THE CHAMBER AND THE RESULT PROPELS THE PROJECTILE FORWARD. THE COLT BRAND IS THE LEADER OF THIS TYPE OF GUN

 

PIN FIRE: LIKE THE NEEDLE-FIRE, THE PIN FIRE IS DRIVEN FORWARD BY THE HAMMER INTO AN INTERIOR PERCUSSION CAP, IGNITING THE POWDER.

 

RIM-FIRE: POWDER (FLMINATE) PLACED ON THE RIM OF A COPPER BASE IS IGNITED WHEN STRUCK BY THE HAMMER. AMERICA’S FIRST REVOLVER USING A SELF-CONTAINED METALIC AMMUNITION WAS A RIM-FIRE DESIGN AND IS THE CATALYST FOR TODAY’S WEAPONS.  WEAPON MAKER, SMITH & WESSON, PIONEERED THE PIN-FIRE.

 

 -  James Edsall Sernev, “The Collecting of Guns”, Bonanza Books, NY, 1964

 

 

After completing the initial research goals by selecting artifacts and documenting their personal histories, Phase II assignment included isolating additional artifacts for the exhibit based on their usage, uniqueness, or ability to entice public education and interest.

 

Several key factors determined the basis for additional artifacts selected for the exhibit including:

 

            Gun makers and manufacturers:  Artifacts selected represent a range of popular makers and connect the user with the pieces within the collection.  A brief description of the maker is included for use within the exhibit. Again, since this exhibit is not based on the mechanical history of guns and gun manufacturers, this component of the exhibit is intended only to provide the best possible array of specimens for public interest.

 

            Usage:  Included in this category are guns, which were heavily used for recreational purposes, to educate youths in the use of guns, or were extensively used throughout various national conflicts such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, World War I and II.  In some cases, the weapons selected are foreign made and were captured and returned to the United States by the soldiers in various conflicts.  In other instances, the weapons deposited within the museum stemmed from a lineage of collecting past through generations. 

 

            Unique Items:  Some selected artifacts reflect their uniqueness and their ability to capture audience attention.  These weapons span the period from early 1800s through 2005.

HIGHLIGHTS OF SPECIALTY GUNS AND MANUFACTURERS

 

 

Air Pistols:  Using a condensed gas to propel objects, an air pistol, is commonly known as an air rifle or BB gun.  It has recreational as well as military used. Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

 

Allen & Wheelock:  Ethan Allen (not the Revolutionary hero) created weapons from 1830-1870 from Worcester, Mass.  Allen “made a variety of single shot pistols, pepperbox revolvers and single shot rifles. Most were towards the inexpensive end of the quality scale, some shotguns used surplus or condemned musket barrels, and many used cast iron frames or other components. Allen's firm went through several name changes including Allen & Thirber and Allen and Wheelock. Upon Allen's death in 1871 the sons-in-law inherited control of the company and the name was changed to Forehand & Wadsworth, and they continued to produce much the same line of products but with the new name”.

            John Spangler – www.oldguns.net

 

American Bulldog: American-made pistol manufactured by Johnson, Bye & Company of Worcester, Mass.  Iver Johnson and Martin Bye founded the company in 1871.  The company was known for manufacturing cheap revolvers for mass use. Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Ashmore & Son:  During the 1700s, R. Ashmore was a London gunsmith.  Later Ashmore stamps indicate their relevance as a lock plate maker.  Ashmore would sign the various locks created and sell them to various gun manufacturers to complete the weapon.

            Retrieved from World Wide Web: www.oldguns.net

 

 

Arisaka:  This bolt-action rifle was widely used by the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II.  Highly prized, American service members often retrieved these weapons from the battlefield.  Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Beaumont-Vitalis:  The 1871 design by Beaumont, a Dutch invention in Maastricht, provided the label on each gun.  It was converted to a repeater with the use of Italian designs by Vitali around 1888 and was obsolete in 1886 with the production of smokeless rifles.  Retrieved from www.militaryrifles.com

 

BOHMISCHE WAFFENFABRIK A.G. IN PRAGUE: After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in 1938, the Model 27 (for 1927) was maintained and used by the German armed forces.  Over 475,000 units were produced during the war. .  Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

British Bulldog:  The name provided to a series of small, pocket pistols from the 1800s.  Originally initiated by Philip Webley, the “Bulldog” brand has been associated with various weapons throughout the world.  Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

British Enfield Arms Company:  named for the British borough of London and a center of Royal Arms Company manufacturing, the Enfield rifle and pistol went through various transformations between 1895 and 1956 and was a contributor to the design of the 1903 Springfield model rifle used during the Civil War. Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Brown Bess: Originally named for the brownish color of the barrel and the Dutch “bus”, meaning barrel – thus the brown barrel – or Brown Bess.  The Brown Bess was originally part of a line of English flintlock muskets until 1802 when a New Land Pattern Musket was introduced.  The Brown Bess was widely distributed throughout England and was a required possession for American colonialists on military duty.  Both sides used this weapon during the American Revolution.  Sources:

            http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

            http://www.researchpress.co.uk/firearms/britain/brownbess/bbess.htm

 

Browning Arms Company:  Established in 1927, and based in Utah, leading armories used its design throughout the world. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

COLT: (see Samuel Colt)

 

Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (Fabrique Nationale):  This Belgian manufacturer utilizes the Browning Arms Company designs and incorporated their patterns into a wide range of firearms, military rifles and assault rifles. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

 

Charleville Musket:  A smoothbore musket named for the armory in Ardennes, France.  This musket was widely used in Europe and America during the 1700-1800s. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Chassepot:  A French upgrade from needle-guns, the Chassepot was requested by Emperor of France and provided to the French during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Chassepot

 

Derringer:  A range of pistols developed by Henry Deringer during the 1800s. Future copies by other makers misspelled his name, which became synonymous with pocket pistols in general.  While the original Deringer was a single-shot pistol, later copies of the Derringer was made to be concealed.  Concealed forms include the purse gun and the stocking gun, strapped under a trouser leg. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

DREYSE RHEINISCHE METALWAAREN & MASCHINENFABRIK:  Named for the German inventor of the needle-gun, Johann von Dreyse.  The National Metal and Machine Works were responsible for the development of German weaponry throughout World War II and were used as a classification for other factories throughout occupied Germany.

            Sources:

            http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

            www.oldguns.net

 

Etienne Arsenal:  Etienne Arsenal is also known as the Manufacture de Armes St Etienne and indicates the place of manufacture for many French weapons.  Serial Numbers starting with S indicate St Etienne.  Other French weapons made under the Manufacture de Armes include a “C” for Chatterault and “T” for Tulle.  The Arsenal started in the 1700s and is still active today. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Hamilton Rifle Company: Established in Plymouth, Michigan by Clarence James Hamilton and his son, Coello, the company produced several models of “boy’s rifles” at low cost.  The rifles were sold commercially and often used for promotional schemes as a premium. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Harpers Ferry:  A line of rifles and revolvers, which were manufactured in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (West Virginia after 1863).  The original Harpers Ferry model provided for limited mobility in the face of military exchange.  In 1803, the Harpers Ferry Rifle was “the first official United States Rifle adopted by this country”

            Sources:

                        www.therifleshoppe.com

                        http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Harpers-Ferry

 

Harrington & Richardson:  manufacturers of reliable and low cost revolvers from 1874 through 1986 when they closed their plants. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Hopkins & Allen: A major manufacturer of weapons from 1867 to 1915, the organization supplied weapons to Britain and Russia prior to World War I. Financing problems caused them to cease operations in 1917 and their production facilities transferred to Marlin-Rockwell Corporation. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Howard Arms Company:  Howard was a trade name used by the Meriden Firearms Company between 1895 and 1915.  Meriden was a subsidiary of Sears Roebuck & Company who manufactured low-grade guns for public use. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Inland Manufacturing: Inland was a division of General Motors during World War II.  As war production increased, manufactures throughout the United States transferred components to the production of arms and war goods.  Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

“Kentucky” Rifle:  Usually consisting of a flintlock or percussion firing system, the Kentucky rifle was instrumental during the frontier days of the American west.  While known as the Kentucky rifle, the origin of this gun is actually in Pennsylvania.

Source: Joseph W Shields, “From Flintlock to M1” Coward-McCann: New York, 1954

 

Ketland & Co: Established by Thomas Ketland, his arms were mass-manufactured throughout Europe during the early part of the 18^th century. Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Lake Erie Chemical Company:  The Lake Erie Chemical Company assisted Diebold with the development of small weapons and tear gas canisters to suppress bank thefts during the 1930s. 

            Sources:  http://www.virtualology.com/virtualmuseumofhistory/hallofrhetoric/forensiccommunication/mostwanted/eliotness.net/

 

http://www.diebold.com/aboutus/history/history03.htm

 

Lefaucheux:  M. Lefaucheux designed the pin fire cartridge in 1836.  A “pin projecting vertically from the side of the cartridge at its base was struck by the hammer and driven down upon a cap underneath it inside the shell”.  Pin fire action is still used today.

Source: Serven, James. The Collecting of Guns. New York: Bonanza Books, 1964: 74.

 

 

Luger:  A highly stylized semi-automatic pistol designed by Georg Luger and produced with Hugo Borchardt in 1898.  In 1908, the pistol was widely used by the Germany Army and used through World War I and II.  The Walther P38 eventually replaced the Luger after 1945. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

 

M.A.B. Brevette:  Manufacture d’Armes de Bayonne – patented (brevette).  The Manufacture d’Armes de Bayonne is located in Bayonne, France and has been in business since 1921.  During World War II, the factory was turned over to the German war department and manufactured arms for the army and police.  After the war, new models were launched at commercial targets rather than the military and had their design models based on Browning Arms models of 1910 with modifications. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Manhattan Fire Arms Company: Originally incorporated in New York City in 1856, production was moved to Norwich, Connecticut and later Newark, New Jersey.  The company made numerous single-shot pistols, pepperboxes and revolvers in similar designs to COLT. In 1873, the company lost a patent case to Smith & Wesson for their 1.22 caliber cartridge pistols. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Manton:  English family of gun makers dating from 1766.  Joseph Manton and his half-brother, John developed weapons throughout the late 18^th century through most of the 19^th century. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Marlin Firearms Company:  Established by John Mahlon Marlin in 1870 in New Haven, Conn.  The company is best known for their high power, center fire, and lever-action rim-fire rifles.  Their guns are still manufactured today.

            Source:  http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Marlin-Firearms

 

Mauser: Mauser is a generic name given to the Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme line of bolt action rifles established in 1811.  These arms were widely distributed to the German armed forces and were exported to other nations.  The Mauser design “remains the model on which almost every successful bolt action rifle has been built”.  In 1903, the United States used their design in the development of the popular Springfield rifle. Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Merwin, Hulbert & Co: Maker of various inexpensive “Boy’s Rifles” and pseudo-military revolvers at the end of the nineteenth-century. They attempted to produce military revolvers during the 1860s but were unsuccessful in obtaining a contract.

 

Moore’s Patent Firearms Company:  Smith & Wesson sued this New York Company over patent infringement, requiring future production of the popular Civil War-era rim fire revolvers to include “Mfd for Smith & Wesson by Moore’s Pat. Firearms Co.”. After the Civil War, Moore’s unique design was incorporated into the National Arms Company, which was eventually bought-out by COLT. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

National Arms Company:  NAC operated out of Brooklyn, NY from 1866 – 1869.  Best known for a .41 caliber derringer design, which was manufactured under the COLT name. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Radom Models (Polish makers): collectors generally recognize the following three grades of Radom pistols:

• GRADE l - Parts except the recoil spring and recoil spring guide (which are polished white) are blued with high quality commercial type blue finish.
• GRADE II - parts are blued over an improperly polished surface.
• GRADE III - Parkerized frame, slide, and magazine. Rear sight, hammer, hammer release, magazine release catch, slide stop, and grip screws are blued over an improperly polished surface.
• The Eagle over 77 markings are German WW-II Heerswaffenamt inspector's marks that are found on arms produced by Erma·Werke, Erfurt and grade II the Polish VIS model 1935 pistols. The inspectors marks should be located on your pistol forward of the serial number on the frame and beneath the hammer release.

Source:  John Spangler:  www.oldguns.net

 

Remington:  Founded by Eliphalet Remington & Sons of Ilion, New York in 1816. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Richardson Industries:  Richardson worked with guerrillas fighting against the Japanese and became familiar with the design.

Source: John Spangler: www.oldguns.net

 

Samuel Colt:  Started in 1847 by Samuel Colt, the Colt Manufacturing Company provides the most widely distributed array of firearms throughout the world.  Colt revolvers and rifles developed into a wide range of weapons including carbines, grenade launchers and assault rifles (all based on Colt designs).  The COLT .45 is the most famous design by colt and manufactured gun for use in the American West.

Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Colt%27s-Manufacturing-Company

 

Sharps Gun Company:  Several companies shared the Sharps name and design. Christian Sharps was the inventor, and was associated with C. Sharps & Co. circa 1857-1863; Sharps & Hankins 1863-1872; Sharps Rifle Mfg. Co, Hartford Conn., 1851-1876. Following his death, the Sharps Rifle Co of Bridgeport Conn. operated 1874- 1880, when they failed. The production of Lee (bolt-action magazine .45-70) rifles at Sharps factory halted and Remington completed that project. Several makers produce companies of the Sharps rifle today.

 

-         John Spangler: www.oldguns.net

 

Smith & Wesson:  Horace Smith and Daniel B Wesson designed a level action pistol and entered into business as the Volcanic Repeating Arms Company.  The company folded in 1856 and began designing new pistols and revolvers, which would be widely used during the Civil War.

            Sources:

                        http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

                        http://smith-wesson.com/page/orl2/Home.html

 

Springfield:  Based on the German Mauser design, the Springfield rifle established by the United States in 1903 was a widely distributed arms and saw action during the Civil War, World War I, II, Korea and Vietnam conflicts.   The Kentucky rifle inspired tales of Davey Crocket and his small band of heroes in defense of the Alamo.  Later, the rifle was widely used at the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War[50]. Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Starr Arms Company: Established in 1858 in Yonkers, NY by Eben T Starr – Starr Arms held many patents for firearms and was widely used during the Civil War.  Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

 

Stevens Arms Company:  Peak productions of “Stevens Specials” from 1910 to 1940, these rifles were also known as “boy’s rifles” and used for recreation and training of youth in the use of guns – primarily for hunting. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

 

Walther P-38:  This gun was designed in Germany during the late 1930s and was widely used by German officers as sidearm throughout the war.  After 1945, the gun was distributed to police officers in West Germany.  Retrieved from: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia

 

Watertown:  Named for Watertown, New York, the family of C.B. Hoard of Watertown provided over 12,000 model 1861 carbine rifles for use during the Civil War.  There is a strong resemblance with muskets adapted for hunting and commercial uses after the war. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

 

Winchester Repeating Arms Company:  Winchester rifles and revolvers were made under the Winchester Repeating Arms Company name from 1866 to shortly after World War I. Originally designed and produced under the Smith & Wesson Company – Volcanic Repeating Arms Company, Oliver Winchester maintained a large share of the company’s portfolio.  After the Civil War, Winchester took control of the company, renaming it to the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.

            Sources:  www.oldguns.net

                            http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Winchester-rifles

                            Encyclopedia Britannica Standard Edition 2005

 

Whitney Arms Company:  named for Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable production parts for ammunition, the Whitney Arms Company failed and the Winchester manufacturing company bought the company. Retrieved from: www.oldguns.net

 

Note on Source:  John Spangler has provided research activities for armories and arsenals throughout Wisconsin and provided the Neville Museum curators with in-depth histories on gun makers and manufacturers in their collection.

 

Exhibit Poster III (Conflict Weapons Introduction)

 

From the earliest of times, the genius of man has been devoted to the invention and development of devices for the construction of the life of his fellow creatures.  From the primitive war club to the highest type of machine gun, the number has been so great to induce the belief that war and the destruction of life was the first and last propensity of mankind – A.C.Neville  March 8, 1924

 

Green Bay Press-Gazette 3.8.24 (Neville Scrapbook, Vol. 6, page 18).

 

WEAPONS WIDELY USED FOR CONFLICTS

 

American Revolutionary War:

 

1.       49/2627 – Musket. 1776 US Committee of Safety Musket – BARNARD

 

At the start of the American colonies, many individuals held guns privately for defense and hunting.  When the Americas began to seek independence, several collectives, or Committees of Safety were developed to gather arms for public service.

 

2.       158/7065 – (L7065). Misc. parts make up this Rev. War musket – which was once considered a “Brown Bess”

 

 

The Brown Bess was widely distributed throughout England and was a required possession for American colonialists on military duty.  Both sides used this weapon during the American Revolution.

Wisconsin Involvement in the Civil War:

 

When Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1861, Alexander Randall, a Republican, was Governor of Wisconsin.  When Confederate armies attacked Ft Sumter in 1861, Randall rallied Wisconsin citizens to aid in the defense of the Union and “called the legislature into session to amend the militia act, to arm and equip the soldiery and to vote bonds to finance the state’s war effort”[51].

 

The Atlanta Campaign of 1864

 

After being recalled to Washington, D.C., General Ulysses S. Grant placed General Sherman in charge of penetrating the Confederate Forces by driving directly into the heart of the South – Atlanta, Georgia.  Included in his charge were 16 Wisconsin infantry regiments including the 1^st Wisconsin Calvary.  This regiment consisted of highly trained solders that saw action in Missouri, Tennessee and Georgia.  The 1^st Wisconsin Calvary shared in the glory of the union by assisting with the capture of a retreating Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America in the final days of the Civil War. (Klement 1997).

 

Civil War:

           

334/1312	French, muzzle loading gun with ram rod (NYS)
L2472	Pistol. Winchester 1850 single shot.
69/3242	Pistol. Pepperbox pistol 1845 made by Allen & Wheelock.
71/270	Revolver. D. Moore 1860 model rim fire revolver.
76/6976	Revolver. Remington NEW MODEL army revolver.
79/957	Revolver. Manhattan firearm model – copy of the COLT 1849 model.
8/90	Revolver. POND manufacturer 1860 model tilting barrel mechanism for loading.
293/1272	SHARPS Rifle: used as special units weapon during the Civil War.
401/2159	SHARPS Carbine: used during Civil War
359/1686	Musket, imported from Prussia during the Civil War

World War I:

 

489/2601	Flare Gun: Used by Battery B of Green Bay during WWI in France	ALLEN
210/5274	Machine Gun. German 1918 model machine gun.	BROWN
R3-37	Machine Gun. German 1918 model	NO DONOR LISTED
1997.65.1	Pistol. German Luger 1915. Sidearm during WWI.	WINTER
21/261	Rifle. Repeating Dutch made weapon used during WWI.	SPRAGUE
83/714	Pistol. Muzzle load, flintlock English Dobson Clover & Co. design of 1916.	BEAUMONT-CUMMINGS

 

 

World War II:

 

410/2303	Japanese Rifle: Brought in from Trule Island by Donor	VALENTINE
D10184	M-1 Carbine. Manufactured by Inland, a division of General Motors Company.	DUCHATEAU
508/2879	Pistol: Polish N35 Automatic. Retrieved during WWII from dead German Officer	KEEFE
486/2551	Machine Gun: 1942 German machine gun	NATIONAL GUARD

 

 

Wisconsin regiments aided the country’s cause for liberty during World War I and II.  Many of the foreign weapons in the collection were retrieved from the battlefield and returned to the United States with servicemen after the war.

 

Accoutrements:

 

Winter: Luger Sidearm 1957

                        Luger 1915

 

Sprague:           20/260 - Shotgun
Unique and Unusual:

 

These artifacts were chosen to display the diversity of the Neville’s collection and to highlight some more interesting pieces to educate and entertain visitors.

 

2002.10.20A/B	2002.10.20A/B – Pistol/Purse Holster. Sleek, ladies pistol. - DUCAT	Provides a unique look at ladies weapons.
342/1449	342/1449 – Poachers Gun and Cane. 1942 gun made to resemble a cane. Belgian. - ANDEREGG[52]	Interesting piece and complements R3-35
368/1762	368/1762 – Chinese matchlock Gun.  DAVIDSON[53]	A rare showpiece
502/2753	502/2753 – Revolver. Harrington & Richardson.  BESTRAND	Personal protection-type weapon.
216/457	216/457 – Pistol/Knife Combination.  - KEEFE	All-purpose weapon
D10596	D10596 – Harpers Ferry Rifle. - DUCHATEAU	Nice example of Harpers Ferry early rifles.
2002.10.206	2002.10.206 – Semi automatic pistol. Engraved with “Floyd Gilbert”- DUCAT	Good example of semi-automatic weapon.
2002.10.234	2002.10.234 – Pistol. George Washington. Liberty. “JJ” engraved. - DUCAT	Interesting gun with Liberty symbols.
179/389	179/389 – 1840 Army Dragoon Revolver. - WILSON	Early version of Army dragoon.
2002.10.202	2002.10.202- Possible Dueling Pistol - DUCAT	Side-story of dueling pistols
73/1147	73/1147 – Revolver. 1850s French-made rim fire revolver. Folding trigger pattern. NEVILLE	Unique trigger design.
81/84	81/84 – Pistol. Flintlock model Belgian pistol 1800s.TEETSHORN	Early flintlock-type
94/5371	94/5371 – Pistol. Hamilton Rifle converted into a pistol. Early 1900s. BLAUDE	Side story on adaptations of military weapons for civilian use.
273/1058	273/1058 – Derringer rim fire pistol. 1800s. LECLAIRE	Derringer story is unusual (see notes)
373/1780	373/1780 – Revolver. Spanish-influence design of 1879 Patented Hopkins & Allen. TRIPPLER	Nice Spanish influenced design.
390/2067	390/2067 – Revolver. American Bulldog model made during early 1900s. WIELGUS[54]	All American model.
478/2516	478/2516 – PIKE gun. Compact gun – interesting object. ARCAND	Interesting piece.
247/679a	247/679a – Muzzle/percussion rifle. 1861 model Muir & co. KROUSE	Percussion-type article.
78/7592	78/7592 – Revolver. Pin fire model. 1870s Whittneyville Armor. UNKNOWN	Pin fire-type article.
L1530	L1530 – Pistol. Kentucky-style rifle possibly used for hunting 1840s. LECOMPTE[55]	Kentucky Rifle Story is unique (see notes)
2002.10.231	2002.10.231 – Pistol. Blue metal cylindrical gun made by the Lake Erie Chemical Company. 374/346 – Rifle. Sporterized.  Buffalo Hunting Gun. – DUCAT	Like the PIKE, this is an unusual piece.
2002.10.207	2002.10.207 – Daisy BB Gun. Common usage, first gun. 56/268 – Rifle and Shotgun.  Harden, USA manufactured with shotgun/rifle combination.  – DUCAT	First gun story.

 

COLLECTION DATABASE (ATTACHED)

 

The creation of this project stemmed from a review of the various pieces within the museum’s collection.  In order to analyze the artifacts, various data were collected and aggregated into a database and later a matrix.  Attached to this report is a copy (via electronic file for FHSU advisors) which outlines the following data sources:

 

Accession Number: This is a unique identification tag associated with each artifact within the museum. 

 

Argus:  This column identifies those artifacts, which have been entered into the Argus database via this project. Updated to the database was a deliverable requirement of the Neville for this project.  Please note that artifacts for the Ducat Collection (2002.10.X ) were not included due to a technical problem and not remedied within the timeline for this project.

 

Artifact:  A brief description of the artifact.

 

Location:  This is the location of the artifact within the museum.  The letters “DS” indicate dry storage and is followed by a section of storage shelves.  The letters “DR” indicate drawer number and “U2-DR” indicates the second unit and drawer number. 

 

Small arms are maintained in a secured file drawer system and are laid on a bed of foam since the arms cannot touch the metal surfaces of the drawers for fear of damage.  Long arms are maintained standing in pre-cut sectional areas and their barrel and butt stock are placed on foam to protect each object.

 

Storage temperature for arms and armament is set at 71.1F degrees to avoid rusting or chipping due to changing temperature shifts.

 

Description:  This information is based on object worksheets completed during August 1999.  While this information is unsigned, it is attributed to community workers, volunteers or other interns.  The worksheets included Accession number, storage location, dimensions, and a description.  Data gathered comes from various sources and was one of the first efforts to consolidate and document the museum’s gun collection.

 

Donor Name:  This information comes from museum records, catalog cards, Argus database, and other source documents.

 

Survey Notes:  These data include information on various artifacts obtained from an undated evaluation conducted by John Powell.  In his review, Powell provided a brief description of the weapon, the current value, a subjective determination of whether the museum should keep the artifact or attempt to de-accession it as well as comments on the condition, authenticity, and repair and maintenance requirements.

 

Card Notes:  The museum maintains a manual card system in addition to the Argus electronic catalog.  The catalog system includes accession number, donor name, date, and status: loan, gift, or purchase, as well as a brief description.  In some cases, catalog data was previously updated with research notes on the artifact and the source documentation listed.

 

Donor Notes:  Sifting through donor books, files, manuals, minutes and original catalogs, this record maintained unique data on donors and their families.

 

Review Notes:  As necessary, a visual review was completed on selected artifacts, capturing makers, manufacturers, patent dates, visible markings, engravings, and condition.  This level of detail was outside of the various notes indicated above and provided a necessary review of artifacts used in determining the classifications of “Unique and Unusual” as well as provided data elements for research.

 

Although an in-depth review completed for the long arms selected for this project, all of the handguns and firearms required review since many of the details surrounding these pieces were never included in the museum’s central database.

 

Maker Notes:  Since the goal of the exhibit is to display the museum’s gun collection as well as provide personal stories, this column provides the Curator of History with a “quick-glance” listing of notes on the maker and manufacturers of various weapons.  In some circumstances, these notes provide details on the weapon in an effort to elaborate on the connection to research materials obtained, but mainly to identify a connection between makers and potential exhibit label opportunities, should the curator require it.

 

Research Notes:  Where necessary, research notes that were not included in the exhibit outline for this project, is included as a support feature and added deliverable from Trevor Jones.  Updated information on family connections, usage, period, and maker added inform curators of possible conflicts in records and erroneous information discovered through the research process.  Entered in the Argus database, these data database assist future researchers with updated information on the collection.

 

Personal Notes and Summary:

 

Lessons Learned:

 

This project has been extremely helpful in many ways.  With the conclusion of my Master of Liberal Arts degree in History, I have been preparing for my future vocational and educational plans.  Researching Museum Studies and administration has been a valuable way of identifying a path for the future. Specifically, my project has enhanced my understanding of two complimentary areas: museum studies and research methods.

 

Museum Studies:

            With the grateful assistance of Trevor Jones, Curator and Internship Project Manager, I have gathered a significant amount of hands-on experience and knowledge in the culture and practices used in museum studies.  Specifically, I have been able to outline an exhibit, select the artifacts to research and conduct an exhaustive review of gun collecting and local history.  In addition, assisting Trevor and other curators at the Neville Museum with collecting, cataloging, and fabricating exhibits has provided me with a wealth of knowledge on how to present an exhibit that can be entertaining as well as educational. 

 

Research Methods:

            Research is the primary goal for historians and this experience has provided me with a renewed sense of appreciation toward the research methods used in obtaining that goal.  Reviewing letters and general correspondence, newspapers, museum administrator minutes and directives has provided the materials for this exhibit.  Combining these primary resources and published materials on weapons, local and state history, as well as museum administration, preservation and planning – has provided a comprehensive picture of the building blocks of research required to educate and exhibit materials to the museum’s patrons.

 

Overall, this experience has given me the material needed to identify my educational and vocation paths for the future beyond my master’s degree.

 

Exhibit IV - DRAFT EXHIBIT FLOOR PLAN:

 

 

B

D

E

B

C

B

B

F

B

D

M

D

B

B

 

 

			B
	B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                            Stationary Walls          

 

                                                            Access/Exit Areas

 

                                                             Exhibit Banners (ceiling mounted)

 

A – Collections and Collecting: Including Ducat, DuChateau, Keefe, and Kieb

 

B – Personal Interest Stories (see listing)

 

C – Milo Huempfner collection and accoutrements

 

D – Period and Usage Items: Including Civil War, World War I, II, Hunting, Dueling, Unusual Artifacts

 

E – Archaeological Pieces and Background

 

F – Counterfeiting and Fakes

 

M – Machine Gun(s) placement

Resources and References

 

Primary Resources:

            Scrapbooks:

-         Notes from Milo C. Huempfner

-         Notes, articles, invitations from A.C. Neville (1920-1950)

-         Deborah Beaumont Martin materials (1935-1938)

-         Neville Public Museum Corporation Scrapbook (1913-2001)

-         Ella Howes Neville Scrapbook

-          

Personal Letters:

            Reverend J. Kieb, 1926

            Peter S. Loy, 1911

            A.C. Neville, 1923

            D.Adams-Graf, 1996

            Mr. James Lyon, undated        

            William Joannes, ca. 1920

 

Personal Diaries:

            Joseph Baeten, World War Memories

            Eleazer Williams

            Morgan L. Martin

            Deborah Beaumont Martin

            Hazelwood Diaries

            Louise A. Blesch

            Frank DuChateau

            Peter S. Loy

 

Personal Papers (Archived):

            Martin Papers

            Williams Papers

 

 

Invoices from museum administrators for artifacts accessioned by the museum

           

Receipts from museum administrators for artifacts accessioned by the museum

 

Photographs from the Neville Public Museum Collection

            Civil War Soldiers

            Wisconsin Battery B Infantry

            Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry

            Wisconsin Regiments – World War I, II

 

Directors Reports and Minutes of Board and Corporation Meetings – Neville Public Museum of Brown County (1920-1960)

 

Artifact Interview Notes and Worksheets

 

Transfer of Deeds

 

Last Will and Testaments

            James R. Ducat, 2001

            Mrs. A.C. Neville,

            A.C. Neville

 

Artifact Surveys and Appraisals:

            Robert Massart, 2001 – Ducat Collection

John Powell, undated – Review of Museum Collection of Arms and Armament.

 

            Newspapers:

-         Green Bay Press-Gazette (1913 – 2005)

o       Obituaries

o       “Museum Notes” by A.C. Neville

-         Green Bay News Chronicle (1977)

-         Milwaukee Journal (1930, 1939)

 

 

Seul Contre Tous, Comic Book

 

Living Museum Lessons and Lectures:

            Brown County Historical Society, Green Bay Wisconsin: If These Tombs Could Talk, 2005.

            Brown County Historical Society, Green Bay, Wisconsin: Hazelwood House, 2005.

            Pioneer Days, Heritage Hill State Park, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 2005.

 

Secondary Resources

 

Books:

 

Blackaby, James R. and Greene, Patricia. The Revised Nomenclature for Museum

Cataloging. Nashville: American Association of State and Local History, 1988.

 

Commemorative Biographical Record of the Counties of Brown, Kewaunee, and Door,

Wisconsin. Chicago: J.H. Beers & Company, 1895.

 

French, Bella. American Sketch Book: A Collection of Historical Incidents with

Descriptions or Correspondence. Green Bay: American Sketch Book Company,

1876.

 

Keene, Susan. Museums and the Information Age. Burlington: Elsevier, 1998.

 

Klement, Frank. Wisconsin in the Civil War: The Home Front and the Battle Front 1861-

1865. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1997.

 

Lindsay, Merrill. Lure of Antique Arms. New York: David McKay Company, 1976.

 

 

Martin, Deborah B. History of Brown County, Wisconsin: Past and Present. Chicago: S.J.

Clarke Publishing Company, 1913.

 

Martin, M.L. Green Bay 1634-1924: The City Commission of Green Bay. Green Bay,

1924.

 

Rudolph, Jack. The Birthplace of a Commonwealth. Green Bay: Green Bay Historical

             Society, 1976.

 

Rudolph, Jack and Betsy Foley, Ed. The Green Bay Area in History and Legend. Green

Bay: Brown County Historical Society, 2004.

 

Serven, James. The Collecting of Guns. New York: Bonanza Books, 1964.

 

Shields, Joseph. From Flintlock to M1. New York: Coward-McCann, 1954.

 

 

 

Articles/Biographies:

 

Adams, Diane L. 75^th Anniversary Review of the Neville Public Museum. Green Bay,

1990

 

Allen, Susan. “A Legacy of Trees.” St. Norbert College Magazine, Fall (2004):8-9.

 

Jacobs, Mary.”Melancton Smith III.” The Historical Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 4 (2005): 3-

4, 9.

 

Speth, Janet and Adams-Graf, Diane L. The Wisconsin Archaeologist (1999): 80 (11): 49-

52.

 

Theses:

 

Egan, Michael C. “Military History of St. Norbert College” Masters Thesis, University of

Wisconsin, 1991.

 

Undocumented authors:

           

Archives Division, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Register of Eleazer Williams

Paper. 1634-1964.

           

Father, Reverend Keefe. The Diocese of Green Bay: 1868-1968. Green Bay: Diocese of

Green Bay, 1970: 38.

 

Melacnton Smith. Green Bay Historical Bulletin Vol. 1, No.4 (1925).

 

Morgan L. Martin: 1830s. Green Bay Historical Society Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1930): 4.

 

Websites:

 

Antique and Collectable Firearms and Militaria Headquarters. Retrieved from the World

Wide Web: www.oldguns.net

 

Wikipedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from the World Wide Web:

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/

           

History of Solomon Juneau. Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved from World Wide

Web: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/

 

Milo C. Huempfner Images. Retrieved from the World Wide Web:

http://www.ww2airborne.us/division/82_overview.html

 

Eleazer Williams, “A Mohawk between Two Worlds”. Retrieved from the World Wide

Web: http://www.uwgb.edu/wisfrench/library/articles/eleazer.htm

 

 

Richard Arnott, “Belle Star Bandit Queen”, Retrieved from the World Wide Web:

http://www.historynet.com/we/blbanditqueenbellestar/

 

Polices and Practices,   American Association of Museums. Retrieved from World Wide

Web: www.aam-us.org

 

Archives and Notices, The Wisconsin Federation of Museums. Retrieved from the World

Wide Web: www.wisconsinmuseums.org/index.htm

 

Standards and Practices, The Archaeological Institute of America. Retrieved from the

World Wide Web: www.aai.org

           

Elliot Ness and the Lake Erie Chemical Company. Retrieved from the World Wide Web:

http://www.virtualology.com/virtualmuseumofhistory/hallofrhetoric/forensiccommunication/mostwanted/eliotness.net/

 

Elliot Ness as Chairman of the Diebold Company and its cooperation with Lake Erie

Chemical Company. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.diebold.com/aboutus/history/history03.htm

 

Vermont Newspaper Project (on H.W. Briddle). Retrieved from the World Wide Web:

http://vtnp.uvm.edu/  

 

 

Wisconsin Historical Society Archives and Search Engines. Retrieved from the World

Wide Web: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/

 

British Occupation of Egypt. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.arab.net/egypt/et_british.htm