Unix - Hour 6 Creating, Moving, Renaming, and Deleting 1.1 Creating New Directories Using mkdir 6.1.1) Post cursor in the home directory and list files and directories internet$ cd internet$ ls README cis328 file22 m1feedback sort.manpage.Z TEST cis377 file3 my.new.cmd test bugTrack cis396q file30 newfile cis316 file1 file4.doc prokids cis325 file2 file40 public-web cis327 file20 m13com say.hi 6.1.2) Creates a new directory called newdir internet$ mkdir newdir internet$ ls README cis328 file22 m1feedback say.hi TEST cis377 file3 my.new.cmd sort.manpage.Z bugTrack cis396q file30 newdir test cis316 file1 file4.doc newfile cis325 file2 file40 prokids cis327 file20 m13com public-web 6.1.3) Lists the directory just created internet$ ls -ld newdir drwxr-xr-x 2 spantaro students 512 May 28 12:47 newdir internet$ ls -la newdir total 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 spantaro students 512 May 28 12:47 . drwx------ 15 spantaro students 1536 May 28 12:47 .. internet$ 6.1.4) Shows the permissions on the just created directory internet$ umask 022 6.1.5) Trying to create a directory with a name of an existing one generates an error
message as bellow
internet$ mkdir newdir mkdir: Failed to make directory "newdir"; File exists internet$ 6.1.6) This command create a directory in the specified path internet$ mkdir /home2/stud-30/spantaro/newdir/anotherdir internet$ ls /home2/stud-30/spantaro/newdir anotherdir internet$ 6.2.1) This command copied .login to a file called login.copy. Since the second file
did not existed a copy of .login was generated.
internet$ cp .login login.copy internet$ ls -ld .login login.copy -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 90 MMay 9 17:42 .login -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 90 MMay 28 13:04 login.copy internet$ 6.2.2) This command did not go through because a directory cannot be copied internet$ cp newdir olddir cp: newdir: is a directory internet$ 6.2.3) This command copied all files that started with "file" to the new directory created
under the home directory.
internet$ cp file* ~/newdir internet$ ls ~/newdir anotherdir file2 file22 file30 file40 file1 file20 file3 file4.doc internet$ 6.3.1) First list information about file login.copy, then rename it to new.login, then
when trying to show information on login.copy an error message appears. The new
name now is new.login
internet$ ls -l login.copy -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 90 MMay 28 13:04 login.copy internet$ mv login.copy new.login internet$ ls -l login.copy new.login ls: login.copy: No such file or directory -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 90 MMay 28 13:04 new.login internet$ 6.3.2) This example showed that all files starting with "file" were moved from a
subdirectory to a parent one.
internet$ cd internet$ rm file* First remove any possible file that starts with "file" internet$ ls README cis325 cis396q new.login public-web TEST cis327 m13com newdir say.hi bugTrack cis328 m1feedback newfile sort.manpage.Z cis316 cis377 my.new.cmd prokids test internet$ cd newdir internet$ ls anotherdir file2 file22 file30 file40 file1 file20 file3 file4.doc internet$ mv file* .. internet$ ls .. README cis328 file22 m1feedback public-web TEST cis377 file3 my.new.cmd say.hi bugTrack cis396q file30 new.login sort.manpage.Z cis316 file1 file4.doc newdir test cis325 file2 file40 newfile cis327 file20 m13com prokids internet$ ls anotherdir 6.3.3) Directories can be renamed and relocated by using mv. This does not apply for
for the .(dot) directory as shown bellow.
internet$ mv . new.dot mv: . is a directory internet$ 6.3.4) This example showed how dangerous cp and mv can be. It shows one file
overwriting another. File cshrc.copy overwrites login.copy. Then
this files is deleted and renamed by login.copy.
internet$ ls -l login.copy cshrc.copy -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:35 cshrc.copy -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 90 MMay 28 13:35 login.copy internet$ cp cshrc.copy login.copy internet$ ls -l login.copy cshrc.copy -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:35 cshrc.copy -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:38 login.copy internet$ mv cshrc.copy login.copy internet$ ls -l cshrc.copy login.copy ls: cshrc.copy: No such file or directory -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:35 login.copy internet$ 6.4.1) File login.copy was renamed with my first name. internet$ mv login.copy siomara internet$ ls -l login.copy siomara ls: login.copy: No such file or directory -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:35 siomara internet$ 6.4.2) The directory newdir was renamed to new.sample.dir internet$ ls -ld newdir drwxr-xr-x 3 spantaro students 512 May 28 13:24 newdir internet$ mv newdir new.sample.dir
internet$ ls -ld newdir new.sample.dir
ls: newdir: No such file or directory
drwxr-xr-x 3 spantaro students 512 May 28 13:24 new.sample.dir
internet$
6.4.3) This showed that a directory can not be renamed with an existing file name.
The oposite is OK. It moved file siomara to the specified directory.
internet$ mv new.sample.dir siomara mv: new.sample.dir is a directory internet$ internet$ mv siomara new.sample.dir internet$ ls new.sample.dir anotherdir siomara internet$ 6.4.4) This showed that directory testdir overwrote directory new.sample.dir. internet$ mkdir testdir internet$ ls README cis328 file22 m1feedback public-web TEST cis377 file3 my.new.cmd say.hi bugTrack cis396q file30 new.login sort.manpage.Z cis316 file1 file4.doc new.sample.dir test cis325 file2 file40 newfile testdir cis327 file20 m13com prokids internet$ mv new.sample.dir testdir internet$ ls README cis328 file22 m1feedback say.hi TEST cis377 file3 my.new.cmd sort.manpage.Z bugTrack cis396q file30 new.login test cis316 file1 file4.doc newfile testdir cis325 file2 file40 prokids cis327 file20 m13com public-web internet$ internet$ ls -ld new.sample.dir testdir ls: new.sample.dir: No such file or directory drwxr-xr-x 3 spantaro students 512 May 28 13:58 testdir internet$ 6.5.1) Created and removed directory test. internet$ mkdir test
internet$ ls -l test
total 0
internet$ rmdir test
internet$ ls -l test
ls: test: No such file or directory
internet$
6.5.2) This showed that a directory that is not empty cannot be removed with rmdir command.
internet$ mkdir test internet$ touch test/sample.file internet$ ls -l test total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 14:04 sample.file internet$ rmdir test rmdir: directory "test": Directory not empty internet$ 6.5.3) It did not give the proper message as the book suggested but it did not
allow the remotion of /tmp directory.
internet$ rmdir /tmp rmdir: directory "/tmp": Directory is a mount point or in use internet$ ls /tmp daemonstat.192.251.73.5.80 mpceaGJt dtdbcache_:0 mpgIaGsr mp.baaOV mpmUaOjE mp1raOlV pgL4aGGO mp8LaGwJ pgTZaWn1 mpC1aaIL ps_data mpCla4KL psb_back_socket mpFSa4za psb_front_socket mpGtaiL0 sdtvolcheck5629 mpLvaG5z speckeysd.lock mpPVaqZL testme mpP_aqSN testme2 mpSuaOKR testme3 mpUwaqZr testmecl mpXla4BL testy mp_baiXy internet$ 6.6.1) File1 was listed, then removed and when k\listed again showed message of
file not found.
internet$ ls -l file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 11 MMay 28 13:13 file1 internet$ rm file1 internet$ ls -l file1 ls: file1: No such file or directory internet$ 6.6.2) More than one file was removed at the same time internet$ ls -l file2 file20 file22 -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:13 file2 -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 11 MMay 28 13:13 file20 -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 80 MMay 28 13:13 file22 internet$ rm file2 file20 file22 internet$ ls -l file2 file20 file22 ls: file2: No such file or directory ls: file20: No such file or directory ls: file22: No such file or directory internet$ Another way to remove more than one file at the same time. internet$ rm -i file3* rm: remove file3 (yes/no)? y rm: remove file30 (yes/no)? y internet$ ls -l file3* ls: file3*: No such file or directory internet$ ls -l file4* -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 13:13 file4.doc -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 10 MMay 28 13:13 file40 6.6.3) The -i flag asked for confirmation when deleting files. internet$ touch testme internet$ rm -i testme rm: remove testme (yes/no)? n internet$ ls testme testme internet$ rm -i testme rm: remove testme (yes/no)? y internet$ ls testme ls: testme: No such file or directory internet$ 6.6.4) The first line shows the tree. The -r used with rm deletes recursively the
whole directory and all its contents. The last line confirms the deletion.
internet$ ls -ld test; ls -lR test drwxr-xr-x 2 spantaro students 512 May 28 14:04 test total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 spantaro students 0 MMay 28 14:04 sample.file internet$ rm -r test internet$ ls -ld test ls: test: No such file or directory internet$ 6.7.1) Did not understand this command internet% grep spantaro /etc/passwd 6.7.2) Created an alias for command rm. Everytime its called it will behave as the alias.
In this case it asks for deletion confirmation even if theuser uses only rm alone.
This was for c shell.
internet% grep spantaro /etc/passwd internet% echo "alias rm /bin/rm -i" >> ~/.cshrc internet% source ~/.cshrc internet% touch testme internet% rm testme rm: remove testme (yes/no)? n internet% 6.7.3) Created an alias for command rm. Everytime its called it will behave as the alias.
In this case it asks for deletion confirmation even if theuser uses only rm alone.
This was for korn shell.
internet% ksh $ echo 'alias rm=" /bin/rm -i"' >> ~/.profile $ . ~/.profile $ touch testme $ rm testme rm: remove testme (yes/no)? n $ 6.7.4) Identified the available shells of the system. $ ls -l /bin/sh /bin/ksh /bin/csh -r-xr-xr-x 1 bin bin 151976 OOct 6 1998 /bin/csh -r-xr-xr-x 2 bin bin 192764 OOct 6 1998 /bin/ksh -r-xr-xr-x 3 bin root 91668 OOct 6 1998 /bin/sh $ csh changes to C shell. internet% chsh chsh: Command not found internet% csh internet% |