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A chronology of key events:
1881 - Revolt against the Turco-Egyptian administration.
1956 - Sudan becomes independent. 1958 - General Abbud leads
military coup against the civilian government elected earlier in the year
1962 - Civil war begins in the south, led by the Anya Nya movement.
1964 - The "October Revolution" overthrows Abbud and a national government
is established 1969 - Ja'far Numayri leads the "May
Revolution" military coup. 1971 - Sudanese Communist Party
leaders executed after short-lived coup against Numayri
South gets autonomy
1972 - Under the Addis Ababa peace agreement between the government and the
Anya Nya the south becomes a self-governing region.
1978 - Oil discovered in Bentiu in southern Sudan.
1983 - Civil war breaks out again in the south involving government forces
and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), led by John Garang.
Islamic law imposed
1983 - President Numayri declares the introduction of shari'ah (Islamic
law).
1985 - After widespread popular unrest Numayri is deposed by a group of
officers and a Transitional Military Council is set up to rule the country.
CIVIL WAR
Conflict has pitted Muslim north against Christian, animist south
2003: From soldiers to schoolboys
2002: Sudan's tense frontline
1986 - Coalition government formed after general elections, with Sadiq al-Mahdi
as prime minister.
1988 - Coalition partner the Democratic Unionist Party drafts cease-fire
agreement with the SPLM, but it is not implemented.
1989 - National Salvation Revolution takes over in military coup.
1993 - Revolution Command Council dissolved after Umar al-Bashir is
appointed president.
US strike
1995 - Egyptian President Mubarak accuses Sudan of being involved in attempt
to assassinate him in Addis Ababa.
1998 - USA launches missile attack on a pharmaceutical plant in Khartoum,
alleging that it was making materials for chemical weapons.
1998 - New constitution endorsed by over 96% of voters in referendum.
1999 - President Bashir dissolves the National Assembly and declares a state
of emergency following a power struggle with parliamentary speaker, Hassan
al-Turabi.
Last Updated: Saturday, 31 January, 2004, 10:05 GMT
E-mail this to a friend Printable version
Timeline: Sudan
A chronology of key events:
1881 - Revolt against the Turco-Egyptian administration.
1956 - Sudan becomes independent.
KHARTOUM
Capital city lies near the confluence of the two Niles
Name translates from Arabic as 'elephant's trunk'
Population: 1.2 million (2002 estimate)
1958 - General Abbud leads military coup against the civilian government
elected earlier in the year
1962 - Civil war begins in the south, led by the Anya Nya movement.
1964 - The "October Revolution" overthrows Abbud and a national government
is established
1969 - Ja'far Numayri leads the "May Revolution" military coup.
1971 - Sudanese Communist Party leaders executed after short-lived coup
against Numayri
South gets autonomy
1972 - Under the Addis Ababa peace agreement between the government and the
Anya Nya the south becomes a self-governing region.
1978 - Oil discovered in Bentiu in southern Sudan.
1983 - Civil war breaks out again in the south involving government forces
and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), led by John Garang.
Islamic law imposed
1983 - President Numayri declares the introduction of shari'ah (Islamic
law).
1985 - After widespread popular unrest Numayri is deposed by a group of
officers and a Transitional Military Council is set up to rule the country.
CIVIL WAR
Conflict has pitted Muslim north against Christian, animist south
2003: From soldiers to schoolboys
2002: Sudan's tense frontline
1986 - Coalition government formed after general elections, with Sadiq al-Mahdi
as prime minister.
1988 - Coalition partner the Democratic Unionist Party drafts cease-fire
agreement with the SPLM, but it is not implemented.
1989 - National Salvation Revolution takes over in military coup.
1993 - Revolution Command Council dissolved after Umar al-Bashir is
appointed president.
US strike
1995 - Egyptian President Mubarak accuses Sudan of being involved in attempt
to assassinate him in Addis Ababa.
1998 - USA launches missile attack on a pharmaceutical plant in Khartoum,
alleging that it was making materials for chemical weapons.
1998 - New constitution endorsed by over 96% of voters in referendum.
1999 - President Bashir dissolves the National Assembly and declares a state
of emergency following a power struggle with parliamentary speaker, Hassan
al-Turabi.
Advent of oil
1999 - Sudan begins to export oil.
2000 5 September - The governor of the capital, Khartoum, issues a decree
barring women from working in public places.
2000 26 September - President Bashir meets for the first time ever leaders
of the opposition National Democratic Alliance in the Eritrean capital,
Asmara.
2000 December - Police arrest six members of the National Democratic
Alliance while meeting a US diplomat; Bashir re-elected for another five
years in elections boycotted by the main opposition parties.
2001 February - Islamist leader Hassan al-Turabi arrested a day after his
party, the Popular National Congress, signed a memorandum of understanding
with the southern rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).
Last Updated: Saturday, 31 January, 2004, 10:05 GMT
E-mail this to a friend Printable version
Timeline: Sudan
A chronology of key events:
1881 - Revolt against the Turco-Egyptian administration.
1956 - Sudan becomes independent.
KHARTOUM
Capital city lies near the confluence of the two Niles
Name translates from Arabic as 'elephant's trunk'
Population: 1.2 million (2002 estimate)
1958 - General Abbud leads military coup against the civilian government
elected earlier in the year
1962 - Civil war begins in the south, led by the Anya Nya movement.
1964 - The "October Revolution" overthrows Abbud and a national government
is established
1969 - Ja'far Numayri leads the "May Revolution" military coup.
1971 - Sudanese Communist Party leaders executed after short-lived coup
against Numayri
South gets autonomy
1972 - Under the Addis Ababa peace agreement between the government and the
Anya Nya the south becomes a self-governing region.
1978 - Oil discovered in Bentiu in southern Sudan.
1983 - Civil war breaks out again in the south involving government forces
and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), led by John Garang.
Islamic law imposed
1983 - President Numayri declares the introduction of shari'ah (Islamic
law).
1985 - After widespread popular unrest Numayri is deposed by a group of
officers and a Transitional Military Council is set up to rule the country.
CIVIL WAR
Conflict has pitted Muslim north against Christian, animist south
2003: From soldiers to schoolboys
2002: Sudan's tense frontline
1986 - Coalition government formed after general elections, with Sadiq al-Mahdi
as prime minister.
1988 - Coalition partner the Democratic Unionist Party drafts cease-fire
agreement with the SPLM, but it is not implemented.
1989 - National Salvation Revolution takes over in military coup.
1993 - Revolution Command Council dissolved after Umar al-Bashir is
appointed president.
US strike
1995 - Egyptian President Mubarak accuses Sudan of being involved in attempt
to assassinate him in Addis Ababa.
1998 - USA launches missile attack on a pharmaceutical plant in Khartoum,
alleging that it was making materials for chemical weapons.
1998 - New constitution endorsed by over 96% of voters in referendum.
1999 - President Bashir dissolves the National Assembly and declares a state
of emergency following a power struggle with parliamentary speaker, Hassan
al-Turabi.
Advent of oil
1999 - Sudan begins to export oil.
2000 5 September - The governor of the capital, Khartoum, issues a decree
barring women from working in public places.
A US missile targeted a Khartoum pharmaceutical plant in 1998
2000 26 September - President Bashir meets for the first time ever leaders
of the opposition National Democratic Alliance in the Eritrean capital,
Asmara.
2000 December - Police arrest six members of the National Democratic
Alliance while meeting a US diplomat; Bashir re-elected for another five
years in elections boycotted by the main opposition parties.
2001 February - Islamist leader Hassan al-Turabi arrested a day after his
party, the Popular National Congress, signed a memorandum of understanding
with the southern rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).
Food shortages
2001 March - UN's World Food Programme struggles to raise funds to feed 3
million facing famine.
2001 April - SPLA rebels threaten to attack international oil workers
brought in by the government to help exploit vast new oil reserves.
Government troops are accused of trying to drive civilians and rebels from
the oilfields.
2001 April-May - Police continue arrests of members of Turabi's Popular
National Congress party (PNC).
2001 May - The ICRC temporarily halts its flights into southern Sudan after
an attack on one of its planes kills a co-pilot.
2001 25 May - Police use tear gas to disperse thousands of demonstrators at
the funeral of Ali Ahmed El-Bashir, an active member of the opposition
Islamist Popular National Congress party, who died the previous day from
wounds sustained while being arrested.
Nile floods
2001 June - Failure of Nairobi peace talks attended by President al-Bashir
and rebel leader John Garang.
Civilians in the conflict zone in the south crave lasting peace
2001 July - Government says it accepts a Libyan/Egyptian initiative to end
the civil war. The plan includes a national reconciliation conference and
reforms.
2001 July - Bambo oil field inaugurated in Unity State, producing 15,000
barrels per day.
2001 August - Thousands are left homeless as the Nile rises to highest level
for 20 years.
2001 September - UN lifts largely symbolic sanctions against Sudan. They
were imposed in 1996 over accusations that Sudan harboured suspects who
attempted to kill Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
2001 October - US President Bush names Senator John Danforth as special
envoy to try help end Sudanese conflict.
Terrorism allegations
2001 November - US extends unilateral sanctions against Sudan for another
year, citing its record on terrorism and rights violations.
2001 December - More than 14,550 slaves - mainly blacks from the south - are
said freed over past six months, following campaigning by rights activists.
2001 December - SPLA claims 254 troops were killed over a few weeks during
resistance to a government campaign to depopulate southern areas for oil
exploitation.
2001 December - SPLA accuses government of bombing the central Nuba
mountains for three weeks in violation of a US-brokered truce aimed at
allowing humanitarian aid into the region.
Landmark agreement
2002 January - The SPLA joins forces with a rival militia group, the Sudan
People's Defence Force, to pool resources in their war against the Muslim
government in Khartoum.
Government and SPLA sign landmark ceasefire agreement providing for
six-month renewable ceasefire in central Nuba Mountains - a key rebel
stronghold.
2002 20 July - After talks in Kenya, government and SPLA sign Machakos
Protocol on ending 19-year civil war. Government accepts right of south to
seek self-determination after six-year interim period. Southern rebels
accept application of shari'ah law in north.
2002 27 July - President al-Bashir and SPLA leader John Garang meet
face-to-face for the first time, through the mediation of Ugandan President
Yoweri Museveni.
2002 31 July - Government launches large-scale attack on SPLA positions.
2002 October - Government and SPLA agree to ceasefire for duration of
negotiations. Despite this, hostilities continue.
Peace inches closer
2002 November - Negotiations stall over allocation of government and civil
service posts, but both sides agree to observe ceasefire.
2003 April - President Bashir and John Garang meet for second time in 20
years of conflict at peace talks brokered by Kenyan president.
2003 September - Government and SPLA sign agreement allowing for integration
of troops in some disputed areas.
2003 October - PNC leader Turabi released after nearly three years in
detention and ban on his party is lifted.
2003 December - Breakthrough in peace talks: Government and rebels agree to
share oil wealth.
2004 January - Government and rebels agree to share non-oil wealth.
Army moves to quell uprising in western region of Darfur; more than 100,000
people seek refuge in neighbouring Chad.
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