This file was created with JabRef 2.0.1. Encoding: Cp1252 @CONFERENCE{A.2002, author = {A. Eid, S. Rashad and A. Farag,}, title = {A General Purpose Platform for 3D Reconstruction from Sequence of Images}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Information Fusion, Annapolis, MD, Vol. 1, pp. 425-413, July 2002.}, year = {2002}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Abate2005, author = {Abate, A.F.; Nappi, M.; Ricciardi, S.; Sabatino, G.;}, title = {Fast 3D face recognition based on normal map}, booktitle = {Image Processing, 2005. ICIP 2005. IEEE International Conference on volume 2, 11-14 Sept. 2005 Page(s):II - 946-9}, year = {2005}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Agarwal2006, author = {Agarwal, A.; Triggs, B.;}, title = {Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images}, journal = {Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2006}, volume = {28}, pages = {44 - 58}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{agrawal02trinocular, author = {M. Agrawal and L. Davis}, title = {Trinocular stereo using shortest path and the ordering constraint}, year = {2002}, text = {M. Agrawal and L. Davis, Trinocular stereo using shortest path and the ordering constraint, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 47, pp. 43--50, 2002.}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/agrawal02trinocular.html}, } @CONFERENCE{Ahmed2001, author = {Ahmed, M.T.; Eid, A.H.; Farag, A.A.;}, title = {3-D reconstruction of the human jaw using space carving}, booktitle = {Image Processing, 2001. Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on Volume 2, 7-10 Oct. 2001 Page(s):323 - 326 vol.2}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Aldur2005, author = {Muhammet M Aldur}, title = {{C}reating computer aided 3{D} model of spleen and kidney based on {V}isible {H}uman {P}roject.}, journal = {Saudi Med J}, year = {2005}, volume = {26}, pages = {51--56}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of computer aided 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique on visualization and modeling of gross anatomical structures with an affordable methodology applied on the spleen and kidney. METHODS: From The Visible Human Project Dataset cryosection images, developed by the National Library of Medicine, the spleen and kidney sections were preferred to be used due to their highly distinct contours. The software used for the reconstruction were SurfDriver 3.5.3 for Mac and Cinema 4D XL version 7.1 for Mac OS X. This study was carried out in May 2004 at the Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. RESULTS: As a result of this study, it is determined that these 2 programs could be effectively used both for 3D modeling of the mentioned organs and volumetric analyses on these models. It is also seen that it is possible to hold the physical models of these gross anatomical digital ones with stereolithography technique by means of the data exchange file format provided by the program and present such images as anaglyph. CONCLUSION: SurfDriver 3.5.3 for Mac OS and Cinema 4 DXL version 7.1 for Mac OS X can be used effectively for reconstruction of gross anatomical structures from serial parallel sections with distinct contours such as spleen and kidney and the animation of models. These software constitute a highly effective way of getting volumetric calculations, spatial relations and morphometrical measurements of reconstructed structures.}, keywords = {Bacteriophage mu, Computer Simulation, DNA Transposable Elements, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Humans, Imaging, Kidney, Microscopy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Structure, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Spleen, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Transposases, Visible Human Project, 15756353}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {'}, pmid = {15756353}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Alessio2006, author = {Adam Alessio and Ken Sauer and Paul Kinahan}, title = {{A}nalytical reconstruction of deconvolved {F}ourier rebinned {PET} sinograms.}, journal = {Phys Med Biol}, year = {2006}, volume = {51}, pages = {77--93}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {Fully 3D PET data are often rebinned into 2D data sets in order to avoid computationally intensive fully 3D reconstruction. Then, conventional 2D reconstruction techniques are employed to obtain images from the rebinned data. In a common scenario, 2D filtered back projection (FBP) is applied to Fourier rebinned (FORE) data. This approach is suboptimal because FBP is based on an idealized mathematical model of the data and cannot account for the statistical structure of data and noise. FORE data contain some blur in all three dimensions in comparison to conventional 2D PET data. In this work, we propose methods for approximating this blur in the sinogram domain due to FORE through its point spread function (PSF). We also explore simple methods for deconvolving the rebinned data with this PSF to restore it to a more ideal state prior to FBP. Our results show that deconvolution of the approximate transaxial PSF yields no improvement. When low image noise levels are required for detection tasks, the deconvolution of the axial PSF does not provide adequate resolution or quantitative benefits to justify its application. When accurate quantitation is required and higher noise levels are acceptable, the deconvolution of the axial PSF leads to considerable gains (30\%) in accuracy over conventional FORE+FBP at matched noise levels.}, doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/51/1/006}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Blood Volume, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Rabbits, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16357432}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0031-9155(06)96838-9}, pmid = {16357432}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/1/006}, } @ARTICLE{Andrey2005, author = {Philippe Andrey and Yves Maurin}, title = {{F}ree-{D}: an integrated environment for three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections.}, journal = {J Neurosci Methods}, year = {2005}, volume = {145}, pages = {233--244}, number = {1-2}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is a powerful tool to investigate complex neuroanatomical organizations. 3D models are often generated by piling up registered segmentations carried out on serial sections labeled by histological means. However, these models suffer limitations (incompleteness and lack of statistical representativity), which can be overcome by model averaging and fusion. These operations require an appropriate reconstruction environment allowing the simultaneous processing of several data sets. This paper describes the first release of Free-D, a software designed for the reconstruction of 3D models generated from stacks of serial sections, in the perspective of model averaging and fusion. A unique graphical user interface integrates the 3D reconstruction tools. Several large stacks (tens of gigabytes) including hundreds of images having heterogeneous characteristics (size, resolution, depth, etc.) can be simultaneously processed, thus complying to most encountered experimental situations. This first version of Free-D constitutes the required environment for the future integration of the averaging and fusion algorithms currently developed in our group and illustrated here with preliminary results.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.01.006}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Male, Models, Neurons, Non-U.S. Gov't, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Rats, Research Support, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, ll Count, 15922039}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0165-0270(05)00016-6}, pmid = {15922039}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.01.006}, } @ARTICLE{Annese2006, author = {J. Annese and D. M. Sforza and M. Dubach and D. Bowden and A. W. Toga}, title = {{P}ostmortem high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging of the primate brain: blockface imaging of perfusion stained tissue.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, year = {2006}, volume = {30}, pages = {61--69}, number = {1}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {Modern anatomy of the brain is primarily concerned with visualizing contrast between tissue elements and with 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The first objective relies on specific neuroanatomical and imaging protocols, the latter on proper alignment of serial cross-sectional anatomy. We present a method that meets these goals at a resolution that allows for the structural delineation in the primate central nervous system. Methylene blue was administered by perfusion to the intact brain of three rhesus macaques thereby staining the neuropil in the cortex and gray nuclei of the brain in situ. Subsequent dissection and serial sectioning revealed excellent contrast in the tissue and showed clear boundaries between anatomical structures. We captured sequential images of the block surface of the brain before each serial section was cut from the specimen by means of a digital camera mounted directly over the microtome stage and the brain. We developed a suite of algorithms to automate the alignment, segmentation, normalization, and intensity correction for the series of blockface images. These digital images were the basis for 3-D reconstruction of the brains.}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.043}, keywords = {Aortic Rupture, Humans, Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Nonpenetrating, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, 16426866}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1053-8119(05)00253-3}, pmid = {16426866}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.043}, } @ARTICLE{Asano2004, author = {Eishi Asano and Otto Muzik and Aashit Shah and Csaba Juhász and Diane C Chugani and Kenji Kagawa and Krisztina Benedek and Sandeep Sood and Jean Gotman and Harry T Chugani}, title = {{Q}uantitative visualization of ictal subdural {EEG} changes in children with neocortical focal seizures.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, year = {2004}, volume = {115}, pages = {2718--2727}, number = {12}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To quantify the ictal subdural electroencephalogram (EEG) changes using spectral analysis, and to delineate the quantitatively defined ictal onset zones on high-resolution 3D MR images in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy. METHODS: Fourteen children with intractable neocortical epilepsy (age: 1-16 years) who had subsequent resective surgery were retrospectively studied. The subjects underwent a high-resolution MRI and prolonged subdural EEG recording. Spectral analysis was applied to 3 habitual focal seizures. After fast Fourier transformation of the EEG epoch at ictal onset, an amplitude spectral curve (square root of the power spectral curve) was created for each electrode. The EEG magnitude of ictal rhythmic discharges was defined as the area under the amplitude spectral curve within a preset frequency band including the ictal discharge frequency, and calculated for each electrode. The topography mapping of ictal EEG magnitude was subsequently displayed on a surface-rendered MRI. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the consistency between quantitatively and visually defined ictal onset zones. RESULTS: The electrode showing the maximum of the averaged ictal EEG magnitude was part of the visually defined ictal onset zone in all cases. ROC analyses demonstrated that electrodes showing >30\% of the maximum of the averaged ictal EEG magnitude had a specificity of 0.90 and a sensitivity of 0.74 for the concordance with visually defined ictal onset zones. SIGNIFICANCE: Quantitative ictal subdural EEG analysis using spectral analysis may supplement conventional visual inspection in children with neocortical epilepsy by providing an objective definition of the onset zone and its simple visualization on the patient's MRI.}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2004.06.020}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Child, Collagen, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Implanted, Incisor, Infant, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Neocortex, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, P.H.S., Partial, Physics, Portal Vein, Preschool, Pseudopodia, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Signal Transduction, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Subdural Space, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, X-Ray Computed, 15546780}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1388-2457(04)00246-9}, pmid = {15546780}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.06.020}, } @ARTICLE{Atwood2005, author = {R. C. Atwood and P. D. Lee and R. V. Curtis}, title = {{M}odeling the surface contamination of dental titanium investment castings.}, journal = {Dent Mater}, year = {2005}, volume = {21}, pages = {178--186}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a computational tool for assisting the design of titanium dental castings with minimal defects and to compare computational simulations with casting experiments. METHODS: Modeling. An in-house cellular-automata solidification and finite-difference diffusion program was coupled with a commercial casting program and applied to (a) simple geometric wedge models and (b) a 3D-laser scan of a molar crown casting. Experimental. Wedges and molar crowns were hand-waxed and investment cast in commercial purity grade 1 (CP-1) titanium by a commercial dental laboratory. The castings were sectioned and analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and microhardness testing. RESULTS: In the wedge sample, contamination with impurities (Al, Si), including intermetallic precipitates, was found to extend to a depth ranging from 30 to 120 microm depending on the section thickness and hence the local cooling rate. Microstructural and mechanical (hardness) effects were found to a depth ranging from 80 to 250 microm. The coupled micro/macro model predictions showed reasonable agreement for the pattern of contamination. SIGNIFICANCE: Dental and medical applications demand close dimensional tolerance and freedom from surface impurities and structural flaws in castings having unique shapes. The ability to predict the structural, mechanical, and chemical changes resulting from the casting process will help to design the casting and post-casting processes to minimize these problems.}, doi = {10.1016/j.dental.2004.02.010}, keywords = {80 and over, Adult, Aged, Aluminum, Angiography, Animals, Carotid Arteries, Child, Cholesteatoma, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Crowns, Dental Casting Investment, Dental Casting Technique, Dental Prosthesis Design, Dogs, Electron, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Extramural, Face, Finite Element Analysis, Hardness, Humans, Hydroxyapatites, Image Processing, Imaging, Lasers, Male, Mastoid, Maxilla, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Middle Ear, Molar, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Otitis Media, P.H.S., Phantoms, Positron-Emission Tomography, Preschool, Regeneration, Research Support, Scanning, Silicon, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United States, X-Ray Computed, 15681017}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S010956410400048X}, pmid = {15681017}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2004.02.010}, } @ARTICLE{Auer2006, author = {Auer, M.; Stollberger, R.; Regitnig, P.; Ebner, F.; Holzapfel, G.A.;}, title = {3-D reconstruction of tissue components for atherosclerotic human arteries using ex vivo high-resolution MRI}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2006}, volume = {25}, pages = {345 - 357}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Avanaki2004, author = {Avanaki, A.N.; Hamidzadeh, B.; Kossentini, F.; Ward, R.;}, title = {Multi-reference object pose indexing and 3-D modeling from video using volume feedback}, booktitle = {Circuits and Systems, 2004. ISCAS '04. Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Volume 3, 23-26 May 2004 Page(s):III-893 - III-896 Vol.3}, year = {2004}, journal = {. Multi-reference object pose indexing and 3-D modeling from video using volume feedback Avanaki, A.N.; Hamidzadeh, B.; Kossentini, F.; Ward, R.; Circuits and Systems, 2004. ISCAS '04. Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Volume 3, 23-26 May 2004 Page(s):III-893 - III-896 Vol.3 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328891}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Avishai2004, author = {Gal Avishai and Ralph Müller and Yankel Gabet and Itai Bab and Uri Zilberman and Patricia Smith}, title = {{N}ew approach to quantifying developmental variation in the dentition using serial microtomographic imaging.}, journal = {Microsc Res Tech}, year = {2004}, volume = {65}, pages = {263--269}, number = {6}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {Dental morphogenesis and cellular differentiation are expressed in the fully formed tooth by the topography of the dentin-enamel junction and outer enamel surface. These boundaries can be differentiated using a variety of imaging systems. In this study, we used serial microCT imaging to provide accurate 3D reconstructions of developing lower human second deciduous molars. These were used to quantify the volume of enamel and dentin of individual cusps in relation to basal crown height. As growth and differentiation proceed apically, the spatial orientation of cusp tips and their bases were used to estimate their order of initiation and coalescence. We found that the order of coalescence differed from the order of initiation. We also found that dentin cusp height and volume as well as rate and quantity of enamel apposition varied along mesio-distal and bucco-lingual axes, and were independent of order of initiation and duration of growth. These results demonstrate that the potential for variation in crown size and form is maintained throughout development. We propose that the microCT model developed in this study constitutes a new approach for the investigation of developmental variation and its contribution to phylogenetic variation expressed in crown form and size.}, doi = {10.1002/jemt.20131}, keywords = {Acoustics, Adolescent, Anatomic, Animals, Cardiac, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Computer-Assisted, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Fibroblasts, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Models, Moire Topography, Myocytes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Portal Vein, Research Support, Scoliosis, Software, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, X-Ray Computed, 15662618}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15662618}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20131}, } @CONFERENCE{Baback2003, author = {Baback Moghaddam, Jinho Lee, Hanspeter Pfister, Raghu Machiraju,}, title = {Model-Based 3D Face Capture with Shape-from-Silhouettes}, booktitle = {IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures}, year = {2003}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Bansal2005, author = {Arvind K Bansal}, title = {{B}ioinformatics in microbial biotechnology--a mini review.}, journal = {Microb Cell Fact}, year = {2005}, volume = {4}, pages = {19}, number = {1}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {The revolutionary growth in the computation speed and memory storage capability has fueled a new era in the analysis of biological data. Hundreds of microbial genomes and many eukaryotic genomes including a cleaner draft of human genome have been sequenced raising the expectation of better control of microorganisms. The goals are as lofty as the development of rational drugs and antimicrobial agents, development of new enhanced bacterial strains for bioremediation and pollution control, development of better and easy to administer vaccines, the development of protein biomarkers for various bacterial diseases, and better understanding of host-bacteria interaction to prevent bacterial infections. In the last decade the development of many new bioinformatics techniques and integrated databases has facilitated the realization of these goals. Current research in bioinformatics can be classified into: (i) genomics--sequencing and comparative study of genomes to identify gene and genome functionality, (ii) proteomics--identification and characterization of protein related properties and reconstruction of metabolic and regulatory pathways, (iii) cell visualization and simulation to study and model cell behavior, and (iv) application to the development of drugs and anti-microbial agents. In this article, we will focus on the techniques and their limitations in genomics and proteomics. Bioinformatics research can be classified under three major approaches: (1) analysis based upon the available experimental wet-lab data, (2) the use of mathematical modeling to derive new information, and (3) an integrated approach that integrates search techniques with mathematical modeling. The major impact of bioinformatics research has been to automate the genome sequencing, automated development of integrated genomics and proteomics databases, automated genome comparisons to identify the genome function, automated derivation of metabolic pathways, gene expression analysis to derive regulatory pathways, the development of statistical techniques, clustering techniques and data mining techniques to derive protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, and modeling of 3D structure of proteins and 3D docking between proteins and biochemicals for rational drug design, difference analysis between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains to identify candidate genes for vaccines and anti-microbial agents, and the whole genome comparison to understand the microbial evolution. The development of bioinformatics techniques has enhanced the pace of biological discovery by automated analysis of large number of microbial genomes. We are on the verge of using all this knowledge to understand cellular mechanisms at the systemic level. The developed bioinformatics techniques have potential to facilitate (i) the discovery of causes of diseases, (ii) vaccine and rational drug design, and (iii) improved cost effective agents for bioremediation by pruning out the dead ends. Despite the fast paced global effort, the current analysis is limited by the lack of available gene-functionality from the wet-lab data, the lack of computer algorithms to explore vast amount of data with unknown functionality, limited availability of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, and the lack of knowledge of temporal and transient behavior of genes and pathways.}, doi = {10.1186/1475-2859-4-19}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, Breast, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Facial Bones, Female, Femur Head, Fibroblasts, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Miniature, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oral Surgical Procedures, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Pathologic, Permeability, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Ranvier's Nodes, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Skull, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Tomography, Transmission, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Ray Computed, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 15985162}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {1475-2859-4-19}, pmid = {15985162}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-4-19}, } @CONFERENCE{Baozong;2000, author = {Hu Mingxing; Zou Guohui; Yuan Baozong;}, title = {A 3-D reconstruction method based on epipolar geometry}, booktitle = {Signal Processing Proceedings, 2000. WCCC-ICSP 2000. 5th International Conference on Volume 2, 21-25 Aug. 2000 Page(s):1277 - 1280 vol.2}, year = {2000}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Barros2006, author = {Ricardo Machado Leite de Barros and Tiago Guedes Russomanno and René Brenzikofer and Pascual Jovino Figueroa}, title = {{A} method to synchronise video cameras using the audio band.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2006}, volume = {39}, pages = {776--780}, number = {4}, abstract = {This paper proposes and evaluates a novel method for synchronisation of video cameras using the audio band. The method consists in generating and transmitting an audio signal through radio frequency for receivers connected to the microphone input of the cameras and inserting the signal in the audio band. In a software environment, the phase differences among the video signals are calculated and used to interpolate the synchronous 2D projections of the trajectories. The validation of the method was based on: (1) Analysis of the phase difference changes as a function of time of two video signals. (2) Comparison between the values measured with an oscilloscope and by the proposed method. (3) Estimation of the improvement in the accuracy in the measurements of the distance between two markers mounted on a rigid body during movement applying the method. The results showed that the phase difference changes in time slowly (0.150 ms/min) and linearly, even when the same model of cameras are used. The values measured by the proposed method and by oscilloscope showed equivalence (R2=0.998), the root mean square of the difference between the measurements was 0.10 ms and the maximum difference found was 0.31 ms. Applying the new method, the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction had a statistically significant improvement. The accuracy, simplicity and wide applicability of the proposed method constitute the main contributions of this work.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.025}, keywords = {Algorithms, Amino Acid Substitution, Anatomic, Bacteriophage P22, Biophysics, Capsid, Capsid Proteins, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cysteine, Extramural, Humans, Mass, Minimally Invasive, Models, Molecu, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Binding, Protein Subunits, Research Support, Spectrum Analysis, Surgical Procedures, Threonine, Virus Assembly, lar, 16439248}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021-9290(05)00040-0}, pmid = {16439248}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.025}, } @ARTICLE{Baskin2006, author = {Laurence S Baskin and Selcuk Yucel and Gerald R Cunha and Stephen E Glickman and Ned J Place}, title = {{A} neuroanatomical comparison of humans and spotted hyena, a natural animal model for common urogenital sinus: clinical reflections on feminizing genitoplasty.}, journal = {J Urol}, year = {2006}, volume = {175}, pages = {276--283}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of the common urogenital sinus phallus has been one of the most challenging areas in pediatric urology. To better understand the neuroanatomy of the common urogenital sinus phallus, we evaluated an animal model naturally having this condition, the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta. We compared the neuroanatomy of male and female humans and spotted hyenas using anatomical, immunohistochemical and 3D reconstruction techniques. We also examined the implications of the pattern of clitoral innervation for the unique challenges faced by female spotted hyenas, the only extant species of mammal that mates and gives birth through the clitoris. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three adult male and 3 female spotted hyenas were studied. With the animals under anesthesia gross anatomical examination was performed before and after artificial erection. Histological analysis was performed on one 95-day fetal male and female spotted hyena specimens, and on 18 human male and female fetal external genitalia specimens using antibodies raised against the neuronal marker S-100. Three-dimensional computer reconstruction using serial sections allowed analysis of the neuroanatomy of the penis, clitoris and common urogenital sinus of the fetal spotted hyena and human. RESULTS: Compared to other mammals, the clitoris and penis of spotted hyenas were remarkably similar in size and configuration in the flaccid and erect states. Male and female hyenas had a single opening on the tip of the glans penis/clitoris. The basic anatomical structures of the corporeal bodies in both sexes of humans and spotted hyenas were similar. As in humans, the dorsal nerve distribution was unique in being devoid of nerves at the 12 o'clock position in the penis and clitoris of the spotted hyena. Dorsal nerves of the penis/clitoris in humans and male spotted hyenas tracked along both sides of the corporeal body to the corpus spongiosum at the 5 and 7 o'clock positions. The dorsal nerves penetrated the corporeal body and distally the glans in the hyena. In female hyenas the dorsal nerves fanned out laterally on the clitoral body. Glans morphology was different in appearance in both sexes, being wide and blunt in the female and tapered in the male. CONCLUSIONS: The neuroanatomy of the male and female external genitalia in the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, although grossly similar, has distinct anatomical and functional characteristics. The clitoris of the spotted hyena is a classic example of a natural animal model of a common urogenital sinus. The neuroanatomical characteristics of the spotted hyena may be a useful model to simulate the anatomy of common urogenital sinus anomaly in humans.}, doi = {10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00014-5}, keywords = {Animals, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Extramural, Female, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Loratadine, Male, Mice, N.I.H., Non-Sedating, Penis, Research Support, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, 16406926}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0022-5347(05)00014-5}, pmid = {16406926}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00014-5}, } @ARTICLE{Bauduceau2005, author = {O. Bauduceau and P. Pons and F. Campana and M. Bollet and L. Romero and M. Fayolle}, title = {[{C}omparison of classic simulation and virtual simulation in breast irradiation: prospective study on 14 patients]}, journal = {Cancer Radiother}, year = {2005}, volume = {9}, pages = {402--410}, number = {6-7}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare conventional 2D simulation and virtual simulation on 14 patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were simulated for treatment using standard procedure. They subsequently underwent CT scan in the treatment position. The CTV was defined as breast tissue. The PTV was obtained by adding a 3D margin of 1 cm around CTV. Organs at risk (lungs and heart) were outlined. Ballistics and dose distribution obtained with the two planning methods were compared. RESULTS: With conventional simulation, 95\% of CTV received 95\% of the dose prescribed. Virtual simulation significantly improved dosimetric coverage of PTV without increasing irradiation volume of lung and heart. In 2D simulation, using three slices allowed optimisation by adjusting wedge angle. The five-slice plan was a much better predictor of the maximum dose regions when compared to the three-slice plan. Using entire CT data didn't give any benefit. CONCLUSION: Variations in CTV delineation and PTV definition limit interest of virtual simulation. In classic simulation, a 5 CT slice-plan can be used to optimise dose distribution.}, doi = {10.1016/j.canrad.2005.09.001}, keywords = {Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure, Alcoholism, Algorithms, Anatomic, Angiography, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Biological, Breast Neoplasms, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Corpus Callosum, Digital Subtraction, Dose Fractionation, Drug Administration Schedule, English Abstract, Extramural, Female, Forecasting, Health Care, Humans, Hypertension, Hypertensive, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Injections, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Kidney Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Positron-Emission Tomography, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality Assurance, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reference Standards, Research Support, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, User-Computer Interface, Whole Body Imaging, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, s, 16226470}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1278-3218(05)00132-0}, pmid = {16226470}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2005.09.001}, } @ARTICLE{Bazin2005, author = {Pierre-Louis Bazin and Jean-Marc Vézien}, title = {{I}ntegration of geometric elements, {E}uclidean relations, and motion curves for parametric shape and motion estimation.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {1960--1976}, number = {12}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {This paper presents an approach to shape and motion estimation that integrates heterogeneous knowledge into a unique model-based framework. We describe the observed scenes in terms of structured geometric elements (points, line segments, rectangles, 3D corners) sharing explicitly Euclidean relationships (orthogonality, parallelism, colinearity, coplanarity). Camera trajectories are represented with adaptative models which account for the regularity of usual camera motions. Two different strategies of automatic model building lead us to reduced models for shape and motion estimation with a minimal number of parameters. These models increase the robustness to noise and occlusions, improve the reconstruction, and provide a high-level representation of the observed scene. The parameters are optimally computed within a sequential Bayesian estimation procedure that gives accurate and reliable results on synthetic and real video imagery.}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Blood Volume, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Rabbits, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16355662}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16355662}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Behr2006, author = {Michel Behr and Lionel Thollon and Pierre-Jean Arnoux and Thierry Serre and Stéphane Berdah and Patrick Baque and Christian Brunet}, title = {3{D} reconstruction of the diaphragm for virtual traumatology.}, journal = {Surg Radiol Anat}, year = {2006}, pages = {1--6}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {This study lies within the scope of passive road safety, and more particularly injury mechanisms of the abdominal area. The finite element modeling, which makes it possible to simulate a road accident and to observe the possible bone fractures or internal tissue injuries, allows large projections in the comprehension of injury mechanisms. However, the digital models already available and used in accidentology do not offer as one very simplified description of the diaphragm, as well for its geometry as for its bracing aspect and the modifications that this could induce in the behavior of abdominal organs and vessels at impact. In order to develop an accurate model of diaphragm for road safety research, a 3D reconstruction was performed, based on a sitting post-mortem Human subject sections. The resulting geometry was then turned into a segmented mechanical component (using the finite element method) and included in a full human model already available. The result is a valuable tool to improve the knowledge of injury mechanisms involved in car crashes at the abdominal level.}, doi = {10.1007/s00276-006-0080-5}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Biophysics, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Humans, Minimally Invasive, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Surgical Procedures, 16470342}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16470342}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-006-0080-5}, } @ARTICLE{Benacerraf2006, author = {Beryl R Benacerraf and Thomas D Shipp and Bryann Bromley}, title = {{I}mproving the efficiency of gynecologic sonography with 3-dimensional volumes: a pilot study.}, journal = {J Ultrasound Med}, year = {2006}, volume = {25}, pages = {165--171}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether 3-dimensional (3D) sonography can provide a rapid, efficient, and accurate way to do a transvaginal gynecologic scan compared with traditional 2-dimensional (2D) sonography. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive patients who underwent gynecologic sonography formed the study cohort. After a standard 2D transvaginal scan was done, including measurements of the endometrium and abnormalities, 4 volume acquisitions were obtained, encompassing the uterus (2 volumes) and the ovaries. These volumes were reviewed offline without any patient information. Endometrium and other measurements were performed on the volumes. The 2D and 3D results were compared by paired t tests. RESULTS: The mean time needed for the standard 2D scan was 2.6 minutes compared with 1.07 minutes for the 3D volume acquisitions. The mean time for the reconstruction, measurement, and interpretation of the volumes offline was 1.19 minutes. The mean time for the entire 3D examination (both parts) was 2.26 minutes (P = .047, comparing 2D with total 3D). There was no significant difference between the measurements of the endometrium, fibroids, and ovarian cysts when comparing 2D and reconstructed 3D images. Two-dimensional and 3D sonography differed little in their ability to identify the organs and the abnormalities on the scans. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a complete transvaginal gynecologic examination can be done in 1.07 minutes of scan time and interpreted offline in an additional 1.19 minutes. The 35 cases were scanned and interpreted with the use of 3D sonography in 79.17 minutes total compared with 91.46 minutes of 2D scan time (P = .047). The accuracy of the scan was similar for both techniques.}, keywords = {Animals, Autoradiography, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Comparative Study, English Abstract, Experimental, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Heterotopic, Humans, Inbred C57BL, Lewis Lung, Liver Neoplasms, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Mice, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ossification, Positron-Emission Tomography, Postoperative Complications, Spondylitis, Tissue Distribution, 16439779}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {25/2/165}, pmid = {16439779}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Benameur2005a, author = {Said Benameur and Max Mignotte and Hubert Labelle and Jacques A De Guise}, title = {{A} hierarchical statistical modeling approach for the unsupervised 3-{D} biplanar reconstruction of the scoliotic spine.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}, year = {2005}, volume = {52}, pages = {2041--2057}, number = {12}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {This paper presents a new and accurate three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction technique for the scoliotic spine from a pair of planar and conventional (postero-anterior with normal incidence and lateral) calibrated radiographic images. The proposed model uses a priori hierarchical global knowledge, both on the geometric structure of the whole spine and of each vertebra. More precisely, it relies on the specification of two 3-D statistical templates. The first, a rough geometric template on which rigid admissible deformations are defined, is used to ensure a crude registration of the whole spine. An accurate 3-D reconstruction is then performed for each vertebra by a second template on which nonlinear admissible global, as well as local deformations, are defined. Global deformations are modeled using a statistical modal analysis of the pathological deformations observed on a representative scoliotic vertebra population. Local deformations are represented by a first-order Markov process. This unsupervised coarse-to-fine 3-D reconstruction procedure leads to two separate minimization procedures efficiently solved in our application with evolutionary stochastic optimization algorithms. In this context, we compare the results obtained with a classical genetic algorithm (GA) and a recent Exploration Selection (ES) technique. This latter optimization method with the proposed 3-D reconstruction model, is tested on several pairs of biplanar radiographic images with scoliotic deformities. The experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that the discussed method is comparable in terms of accuracy with the classical computed-tomography-scan technique while being unsupervised and while requiring only two radiographic images and a lower amount of radiation for the patient.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Aortic Rupture, Arabidopsis, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biol, Biological, Breast Neoplasms, Calcinosis, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cattle, Cell Membrane, Cell Shape, Cell Size, Comp, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Crystalline, Cystoscopy, Diagnostic Techniques, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, Female, Flowers, Fluorescence, Golgi Apparatus, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immunohistochemistry, Lens, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography, Mechanical, Meristem, Microscopy, Microtomy, Models, Neoplasms, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonpenetrating, Ophthalmological, Optic Disk, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Plant Shoots, Precancerous Conditions, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Scanning, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Spine, Statistical, Stress, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Ultrasonic Therapy, Ureteral Diseases, Urethral Diseases, Urologic Diseases, Video, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, ogical, uter-Assisted, 16366228}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16366228}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Benameur, author = {Benameur, S.; Mignotte, M.; Destrempes, F.; De Guise, J.A.;}, title = {Three-dimensional biplanar reconstruction of scoliotic rib cage using the estimation of a mixture of probabilistic prior models}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, pages = {1713 - 1728}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Benameur2005, author = {Benameur, S.; Mignotte, M.; Labelle, H.; De Guise, J.A.;}, title = {A hierarchical statistical modeling approach for the unsupervised 3-D biplanar reconstruction of the scoliotic spine}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {52}, pages = {2041 - 2057}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Beraldin2002, author = {Beraldin, J.-A.; Guidi, G.; Ciofi, S.; Atzeni, C.;}, title = {Improvement of metric accuracy of digital 3D models through digital photogrammetry. A case study: Donatello's Maddalena}, booktitle = {3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, 2002. Proceedings. First International Symposium on19-21 June 2002 Page(s):758 - 761}, year = {2002}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @MISC{Bernardini, author = {F. Bernardini and H. Rushmeier. The 3d model acquisition pipeline. Computer Graphics forum, 21(2):149--172, 2002.}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Bis2006, author = {Kostaki Bis and Anil Shetty and Stacy Brewington and Paul Arpasi and Rajani Kosuri and Wendy Stein and Michael Lauer and William O'neill}, title = {{C}oronary 64-slice computed tomographic angiography models employing aortic root and selective catheter directed contrast enhancement in swine: technical feasibility and preliminary results using 3{D} and 4{D} reconstructions.}, journal = {Int J Cardiovasc Imaging}, year = {2006}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The technical feasibility of combining catheter directed coronary enhancement and multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MD-CTA) is presented in a swine model at various cardiac and injection rates. MATERIALS/METHODS: A 64-slice CT scanner was used under animal IRB approval in four sedated swine. Common femoral venous/arterial access with a 5 Fr micropuncture kit was ultrasound guided. Investigational 5 Fr diffusion-tip pigtail [aortic root (AR)-MD-CTA] and conventional 5 Fr coronary [selective (S)-MD-CTA] catheters were positioned on the CT table with c-arm fluoroscopy. AR-MD-CTA commenced 1-2 s after injection of 50 cc Visipaque mixed with 50 cc NS at 6 cc/s (n=3), 8 cc/s (n=5) or 10 cc/s (n=7) (HR=120, 100, 90, 80 or 65 bpm). S-MD-CTA (right and left, n=4) (HR= 90, 80, or 65 bpm) commenced 1-2 s after injection of 5 cc Visipaque mixed with 5 cc NS (1 cc/s). IV-MD-CTA (n=4) (HR=80 bpm) commenced 5 or 10 s after aortic peak density with 100 cc Visipaque (5 cc/s) and 50 or 75 cc NS (5 cc/s) flush. Conventional angiography (n=2) used standard protocol. MD-CTA was performed with the following parameters: collimation 0.6 mm, tube rotation time 0.3 s, table feed/rotation 3.8 mm, scan time 10-12 s, tube voltage 120 kVp, effective mAs 850, pitch 0.2, FOV 109-123 mm, slice thickness/increment 0.6 mm/0.3 mm, kernel B25 f smooth. Ex vivo imaging (64-slice CT, n=3) was also performed. Post-processing consisted of coronary peak densities, 3D-MIP's and 4D projections. RESULTS: Catheter directed MD-CTA was feasible at all injection rates at and below 100 bpm and yielded higher peak coronary attenuation values than IV-enhanced studies. Definition and clarity of the tributary and distal anatomy was also higher than IV-enhanced CTA. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter directed MD-CTA can be performed by retrofitting the current CT scanner with a portable c-arm fluoroscopy unit. S and AR MD-CTA provide high coronary anatomy definition and luminal attenuation without obscuring cardiac chamber signal and with the least iodinated contrast volume.}, doi = {10.1007/s10554-006-9079-6}, keywords = {16538428}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16538428}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10554-006-9079-6}, } @ARTICLE{Bjaalie2006, author = {Jan G Bjaalie and Trygve B Leergaard and Christian Pettersen}, title = {{M}icro3{D}: computer program for three-dimensional reconstruction visualization, and analysis of neuronal populations and barin regions.}, journal = {Int J Neurosci}, year = {2006}, volume = {116}, pages = {515--540}, number = {4}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {This article presents a computer program, Micro3D, designed for 3-D reconstruction, visualization, and analysis of coordinate-data (points and lines) recorded from serial sections. The software has primarily been used for studying shapes and dimension of brain regions (contour line data) and distributions of cellular elements such as neuronal cell bodies or axonal terminal fields labeled with tract-tracing techniques (point data). The tissue elements recorded could equally well be labeled with use of other techniques, the only requirement being that the data collected are saved as x,y,z coordinates. Data are typically imported from image-combining computerized microscopy systems or image analysis systems, such as Neurolucida (MicroBrightField, Colchester, VT) or analySIS (Soft Imaging System, Gmbh, Münster, Germany). System requirements are a PC running LINUX. Reconstructions in Micro3D may be rotated and zoomed in real-time, and submitted to perspective viewing and stereo-imaging. Surfaces are re-synthesized on the basis of stacks of contour lines. Clipping is used for defining section-independent subdivisions of the reconstruction. Flattening of curved sheets of points layers (e.g., neurons in a layer) facilitates inspection of complicated distribution patterns. Micro3D computes color-coded density maps. Opportunities for translation of data from different reconstructions into common coordinate systems are also provided. This article demonstrates the use of Micro3D for visualization of complex neuronal distribution patterns in somatosensory and auditory systems. The software is available for download on conditions posted at the NeSys home pages (http://www.nesys.uio.no/) and at The Rodent Brain Workbench (http://www.rbwb.org/).}, keywords = {16596747}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16596747}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @BOOK{blanz99morphable, title = {A Morphable Model for the Synthesis of 3{D} Faces}, publisher = {Addison Wesley Longman}, year = {1999}, editor = {Alyn Rockwood}, author = {Volker Blanz and Thomas Vetter}, address = {Los Angeles}, booktitle = {Siggraph 1999, Computer Graphics Proceedings}, pages = {187--194}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/blanz99morphable.html}, } @ARTICLE{Blobel2003, author = {J. Blobel and H. Baartman and P. Rogalla and J. Mews and A. Lembcke}, title = {[{S}patial and temporal resolution with 16-slice computed tomography for cardiac imaging]}, journal = {Rofo}, year = {2003}, volume = {175}, pages = {1264--1271}, number = {9}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {The use of the CT scanner for cardiac imaging is mainly influenced by the spatial and temporal resolution that can be achieved with the applied technologies and procedures. The data acquisition with 16 x 0.5 mm scan slice thickness and a special multisegment image reconstruction procedure are a new combination for accurate imaging of the cardiac morphology. A 0.5 mm slice thickness and an overlapping pitch < 0.35 generate an isotropic image voxel of 0.35 x 0.35 x 0.35 mm. The object size of a coronary artery with a diameter of 2.5 mm amounts to a relative spatial blurring factor K (d) of approximately 15 \%. The segment reconstruction with 4 segments from 4 consecutive cardiac cycles requires the optimum acquisition time of 50 ms for one frame. The relative exposure factor K (t) with reference to the R-R interval is an appropriate measure to validate the influence of coronary artery movement on the image quality at different heart rates. This relative exposure varies between 10 \% and 20 \% for a heart rate of 40 to 140 beats per minutes (bpm) and its mean is approximated by a linear trend function with K (t) = 14 \%. A constant value in this linear trend function means a constant "blurring" of the imaged coronary arteries, independent of the actual heart rate. Thus, computed tomographic examinations can be carried out for heart rates between 40 and 140 bpm without using beta-blocking medication. Case studies of the 3D reconstruction and curved reformatting of coronary arteries with stents and calcifications show the achievable image quality at different heart rates.}, doi = {10.1055/s-2003-41925}, keywords = {Algorithms, Artifacts, Basilar Artery, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebral Veins, Circle of Willis, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Diagnosis, Differential, English Abstract, Haversian System, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Iohexol, Mesencephalon, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phantoms, Phlebography, Pons, Reference Values, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 12964084}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {12964084}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41925}, } @ARTICLE{Boccaccio2005, author = {A. Boccaccio and L. Lamberti and C. Pappalettere and A. Carano and M. Cozzani}, title = {{M}echanical behavior of an osteotomized mandible with distraction orthodontic devices.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2005}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {This work analyzes the mechanical behavior of a human mandible when distraction orthodontic devices are used for correcting problems of dental overcrowding and/or arch shrinkage. The mandible 3D model is reconstructed from CT scan data and meshed into finite elements. The distractor is also modeled. FEM analysis included geometric non-linearity. Displacement field of healthy and osteotomized mandibles are compared. Progressive expansion of the distractor and effects of mastication are also analyzed. Finally, we compare two distraction protocols PROT1 and PROT2 where device is, respectively, expanded by 0.6 or 1.2mm/day. The global displacement is 6mm according to clinical recommendations. It came out that mastication forces generate displacements compatible with bone remodeling. However, parasitic rotations of the mandible arms due to mastication may counteract arch expansion induced by the device. Stress concentrations occurred where the device is fixed: stress peaks stay however below yield limit. Finally, PROT2 reduced by about 10\% stresses in mandible and reproduces better than PROT1 the displacement field imposed by the device.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.09.016}, keywords = {80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Arthrodesis, Artifacts, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Echo-Planar Imaging, Extramural, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Lung, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Manubrium, Melanoma, Mice, Middle Aged, Models, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Osteoarthritis, Phantoms, Photons, Protons, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Veins, Radiation, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Rats, Research Support, Scattering, Software, Statistical, Sternum, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tomography Scanners, Treatment Outcome, Tumor Burden, Ultrasonics, Uveal Neoplasms, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16321393}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021-9290(05)00431-8}, pmid = {16321393}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.09.016}, } @ARTICLE{Bootsma2005, author = {Bootsma, G.J.; Brodland, G.W.;}, title = {Automated 3-D reconstruction of the surface of live early-stage amphibian embryos}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {52}, pages = {1407 - 1414}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Bourantas2005, author = {Christos V Bourantas and Iraklis C Kourtis and Marina E Plissiti and Dimitrios I Fotiadis and Christos S Katsouras and Michail I Papafaklis and Lampros K Michalis}, title = {{A} method for 3{D} reconstruction of coronary arteries using biplane angiography and intravascular ultrasound images.}, journal = {Comput Med Imaging Graph}, year = {2005}, volume = {29}, pages = {597--606}, number = {8}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {The aim of this study is to describe a new method for the three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary arteries and its quantitative validation. Our approach is based on the fusion of the data provided by intravascular ultrasound images (IVUS) and biplane angiographies. A specific segmentation algorithm is used for the detection of the regions of interest in intravascular ultrasound images. A new methodology is also introduced for the accurate extraction of the catheter path. In detail, a cubic B-spline is used for approximating the catheter path in each biplane projection. Each B-spline curve is swept along the normal direction of its X-ray angiographic plane forming a surface. The intersection of the two surfaces is a 3D curve, which represents the reconstructed path. The detected regions of interest in the IVUS images are placed perpendicularly onto the path and their relative axial twist is computed using the sequential triangulation algorithm. Then, an efficient algorithm is applied to estimate the absolute orientation of the first IVUS frame. In order to obtain 3D visualization the commercial package Geomagic Studio 4.0 is used. The performance of the proposed method is assessed using a validation methodology which addresses the separate validation of each step followed for obtaining the coronary reconstruction. The performance of the segmentation algorithm was examined in 80 IVUS images. The reliability of the path extraction method was studied in vitro using a metal wire model and in vivo in a dataset of 11 patients. The performance of the sequential triangulation algorithm was tested in two gutter models and in the coronary arteries (marked with metal clips) of six cadaveric sheep hearts. Finally, the accuracy in the estimation of the first IVUS frame absolute orientation was examined in the same set of cadaveric sheep hearts. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed reconstruction method is reliable and capable of depicting the morphology of coronary arteries.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.07.001}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Bermuda, Biological, Blood Volume, Bronchi, Bronchoscopy, Catheterization, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Coronary Vessels, Digestive System, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Gastropoda, Genitalia, Greece, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nervous System, Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Peripheral, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Robotics, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Trachea, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16278063}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0895-6111(05)00077-7}, pmid = {16278063}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.07.001}, } @ARTICLE{Bras2004, author = {A. Le Bras and S. Laporte and V. Bousson and D. Mitton and J. A. De Guise and J. D. Laredo and W. Skalli}, title = {3{D} reconstruction of the proximal femur with low-dose digital stereoradiography.}, journal = {Comput Aided Surg}, year = {2004}, volume = {9}, pages = {51--57}, number = {3}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Accurate three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the proximal femur may be helpful for fracture risk evaluation, as well as for planning and assisting surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to apply and validate a stereoradiographic 3D reconstruction method on the proximal femur from radiographic contours identified on bi-planar radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five excised non-pathologic proximal femurs were investigated using a low-dose digital radiographic device. Three-dimensional personalized models were reconstructed using the Non-Stereo Corresponding Contours (NSCC) algorithm. Three-dimensional CT-scan reconstructions were defined as geometric references for the comparison protocol, in order to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the personalized 3D stereoradiographic reconstructions. In addition, the reliability of a set of 3D parameters obtained from stereoradiographic models was evaluated. RESULTS: This study demonstrated the validity of the NSCC method when applied to the proximal femur, with good results for accuracy (mean error = 0.7 mm) and reproducibility (Wilcoxon test: p > 0.28). Moreover, a precision study for the set of 3D parameters yielded a coefficient of variation lower than 5\%. CONCLUSIONS: Once this approach has been validated in vivo, it should find multiple applications in therapeutic fields (e.g., for surgical planning, computer assisted surgery, etc.), as well as in diagnostic contexts (e.g., equilibrium studies or osteoporosis fracture risk assessment).}, doi = {10.1080/10929080400018122}, keywords = {80 and over, Aged, Algorithms, Aneurysm, Angiography, Animals, Ankle Injuries, Bone, Bone Screws, Cadaver, Carotid Artery, Carotid Artery Diseases, Common, Computer-Assisted, Dogs, Elbow Joint, Feasibility Studies, Female, Femur, Fluoroscopy, Foot Injuries, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Humans, Imaging, Internal, Intraoperative Period, Male, Middle Aged, Non-U.S. Gov't, Prospective Studies, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 15792937}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {QUL005W6VAQWGNGH}, pmid = {15792937}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10929080400018122}, } @ARTICLE{Braumann2005, author = {Ulf-Dietrich Braumann and Jens-Peer Kuska and Jens Einenkel and Lars-Christian Horn and Markus Löffler and Michael Höckel}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional reconstruction and quantification of cervical carcinoma invasion fronts from histological serial sections.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Med Imaging}, year = {2005}, volume = {24}, pages = {1286--1307}, number = {10}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {The analysis of the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of tumoral invasion fronts of carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the prerequisite for understanding their architectural-functional relationship. The variation range of the invasion patterns known so far reaches from a smooth tumor-host boundary surface to more diffusely spreading patterns, which all are supposed to have a different prognostic relevance. As a very decisive limitation of previous studies, all morphological assessments just could be done verbally referring to single histological sections. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to get an objective quantification of tumor invasion based on 3-D reconstructed tumoral tissue data. The image processing chain introduced here is capable to reconstruct selected parts of tumor invasion fronts from histological serial sections of remarkable extent (90-500 slices). While potentially gaining good accuracy and reasonably high resolution, microtome cutting of large serial sections especially may induce severe artifacts like distortions, folds, fissures or gaps. Starting from stacks of digitized transmitted light color images, an overall of three registration steps are the main parts of the presented algorithm. By this, we achieved the most detailed 3-D reconstruction of the invasion of solid tumors so far. Once reconstructed, the invasion front of the segmented tumor is quantified using discrete compactness.}, keywords = {'t, 80 and ove, 80 and over, Abdominal, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Anatomy, Anisotropy, Aorta, Arthrography, Artificial Intelligence, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Automated, Biological, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Stenosis, Cross-Sectional, Data Compression, Elasticity, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Fem, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Leg, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Microscopy, Microsurgery, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, Morphogenesis, N.I.H., Nasal Bone, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Staging, Neuronavigation, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov, Non-U.S. Gov't, Organ Size, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Pilot Projects, Preoperative Care, Principal Component Analysis, Protoplasts, Pulsatile Flow, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Repro, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rheology, Ribs, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Signal Processing, Squamous Cell, Statistical, Statistics, Stomach Neoplasms, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Systems Integration, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tobacco, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United State, User-Computer Interface, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Vacuoles, Video, Video Recording, Visible Human Project, Whole-Body Counting, ale, ducibility of Results, r, s, 16229416}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16229416}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Burgkart2005, author = {R. Burgkart and H. Gottschling and M. Roth and R. Gradinger and A. Schweikard}, title = {[{F}luoroscopy-based 3{D} navigation of complex correction osteotomies at the proximal femur]}, journal = {Orthopade}, year = {2005}, volume = {34}, pages = {1137--1143}, number = {11}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite great advances in hip alloarthroplasty there are still numerous indications for joint-saving procedures such as correction osteotomies. Often these procedures include complex 3D rearrangements of the proximal femur, which are for the surgeon technically very demanding. The project aim was to develop a precise intraoperative virtual 3D planning tool including a detailed biomechanical analysis and enable the surgeon to realize exactly this plan by using computer-assisted techniques. METHODS: Using only two different angled fluoro frames a simplified femoral model was inversely constructed. For navigation a passive optical system was used with a C-arm calibration kit and PC-based software. For in vitro evaluation complex osteotomies were performed on ten femora under simulated OR conditions. RESULTS: The mean difference between the planning and real surgical outcome for the wedge size was less then 2 degrees and for the femur head center position less then 4 mm. No implant penetrated the femur neck isthmus. CONCLUSION: Without changing the standard operative procedure the method can be of high clinical importance to improve planning accuracy and consecutive operative realization for precise fragment positioning and plate location without penetrating the isthmus of the femoral neck. And -- besides precision -- it can potentially help to reduce intraoperative complications such as implant penetration and minimize X-ray use.}, doi = {10.1007/s00132-005-0859-9}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, English Abstract, Extramural, Femur Head, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Pathologic, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16136338}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16136338}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00132-005-0859-9}, } @ARTICLE{Burschka2005, author = {Darius Burschka and Ming Li and Masaru Ishii and Russell H Taylor and Gregory D Hager}, title = {{S}cale-invariant registration of monocular endoscopic images to {CT}-scans for sinus surgery.}, journal = {Med Image Anal}, year = {2005}, volume = {9}, pages = {413--426}, number = {5}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {In this paper, we present a novel method for intra-operative registration directly from monocular endoscopic images. This technique has the potential to provide a more accurate surface registration at the surgical site than existing methods. It can operate autonomously from as few as two images and can be particularly useful in revision cases where surgical landmarks may be absent. A by-product of video registration is an estimate of the local surface structure of the anatomy, thus providing the opportunity to dynamically update anatomical models as the surgery progresses. Our approach is based on a previously presented method [Burschka, D., Hager, G.D., 2004. V-GPS (SLAM):--Vision-based inertial system for mobile robots. In: Proceedings of ICRA, 409-415] for reconstruction of a scaled 3D model of the environment from unknown camera motion. We use this scaled reconstruction as input to a PCA-based algorithm that registers the reconstructed data to the CT data and recovers the scale and pose parameters of the camera in the coordinate frame of the CT scan. The result is used in an ICP registration step to refine the registration estimates. The details of our approach and the experimental results with a phantom of a human skull and a head of a pig cadaver are presented in this paper.}, doi = {10.1016/j.media.2005.05.005}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, Breast, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Facial Bones, Female, Femur Head, Fibroblasts, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Miniature, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oral Surgical Procedures, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Pathologic, Permeability, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Skull, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Ray Computed, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16009593}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1361-8415(05)00060-5}, pmid = {16009593}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2005.05.005}, } @ARTICLE{Canero2002, author = {Canero, C.; Vilarino, F.; Mauri, J.; Radeva, P.;}, title = {Predictive (un)distortion model and 3-D reconstruction by biplane snakes}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2002}, volume = {21}, pages = {1188 - 1201}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @MISC{capart-unknown, author = {Douxchamps Devriendt Capart}, title = {Unknown}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/732732.html}, } @ARTICLE{Castro-Pareja2003, author = {Castro-Pareja, C.R.; Jagadeesh, J.M.; Shekhar, R.;}, title = {FAIR: a hardware architecture for real-time 3-D image registration}, journal = {Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2003}, volume = {7}, pages = {426 - 434}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Cerveri2005a, author = {P. Cerveri and N. Lopomo and A. Pedotti and G. Ferrigno}, title = {{D}erivation of centers and axes of rotation for wrist and fingers in a hand kinematic model: methods and reliability results.}, journal = {Ann Biomed Eng}, year = {2005}, volume = {33}, pages = {402--412}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {In the field of 3D reconstruction of human motion from video, model-based techniques have been proposed to increase the estimation accuracy and the degree of automation. The feasibility of this approach is strictly connected with the adopted biomechanical model. Particularly, the representation of the kinematic chain and the assessment of the corresponding parameters play a relevant role for the success of the motion assessment. In this paper, the focus is on the determination of the kinematic parameters of a general hand skeleton model using surface measurements. A novel method that integrates nonrigid sphere fitting and evolutionary optimization is proposed to estimate the centers and the functional axes of rotation of the skeletal joints. The reliability of the technique is tested using real movement data and simulated motions with known ground truth 3D measurement noise and different ranges of motion (RoM). With respect to standard nonrigid sphere fitting techniques, the proposed method performs 10-50\% better in the best condition (very low noise and wide RoM) and over 100\% better with physiological artifacts and RoM. Repeatability in the range of a couple of millimeters, on the localization of the centers of rotation, and in the range of one degree, on the axis directions is obtained from real data experiments.}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Face, Female, Finger Joint, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photography, Photometry, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, ll Count, n, 15868731}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15868731}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Cerveri2005, author = {P. Cerveri and A. Pedotti and G. Ferrigno}, title = {{K}inematical models to reduce the effect of skin artifacts on marker-based human motion estimation.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2005}, volume = {38}, pages = {2228--2236}, number = {11}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {The estimation of the skeletal motion obtained from marker-based motion capture systems is known to be affected by significant bias caused by skin movement artifacts, which affects joint center and rotation axis estimation. Among different techniques proposed in the literature, that based on rigid body model, still the most used by commercial motion capture systems, can smooth only part of the above effects without eliminating their main components. In order to sensibly improve the accuracy of the motion estimation, a novel technique, named local motion estimation (LME), is proposed. This rests on a recently described approach that, using virtual humans and extended Kalman filters, estimates the kinematical variables directly from 2D measurements without requiring the 3D marker reconstruction. In this paper, we show how such method can be extended to include the computation of the local marker displacement due to skin artifacts. The 3D marker coordinates, expressed in the corresponding local reference coordinate frames, are inserted into the state vector of the filter and their dynamics is automatically estimated, with adequate accuracy, without assuming any particular deformation function. Simulated experiments of lower limb motion, involving systematic mislocations (5, 10, 20 mm) and random errors of the marker coordinates and joint center locations (+/-5, +/-10, +/-15 mm), have shown that artifact motion can be substantially decoupled from the global skeletal motion with an effective increase of the accuracy wrt standard techniques. In particular, the comparison between the nominal kinematical variables and the one recovered from markers attached to the skin surface proved LME to be sensibly superior (50\% in the worse condition) to the methods imposing marker-bone rigidity. In conclusion, while requiring further validation on real movement data, we argue that the proposed method can constitute an appropriate approach toward the improvement of the human motion estimation.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.09.032}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Dental Models, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Photogrammetry, Research Support, Skin, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Zebrafish, n, 16154410}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021-9290(04)00468-3}, pmid = {16154410}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.09.032}, } @ARTICLE{Chang2005, author = {Chang, K.I.; Bowyer, K.W.; Flynn, P.J.;}, title = {An evaluation of multimodal 2D+3D face biometrics}, journal = {Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {619 - 624}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Chang;2004, author = {Ying-Kin Yu; Kin-Hong Wong; Ming-Yuen Chang;}, title = {A fast recursive 3D model reconstruction algorithm for multimedia applications}, booktitle = {Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Volume 2, 23-26 Aug. 2004 Page(s):241 - 244 Vol.2}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Chao2005, author = {Chao Li; Barreto, A.; Jing Zhai; Chin, C.;}, title = {Exploring face recognition by combining 3D profiles and contours}, booktitle = {SoutheastCon, 2005. Proceedings. IEEE}, year = {2005}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Cheung2005, author = {Jason Tak-Man Cheung and Ming Zhang and Aaron Kam-Lun Leung and Yu-Bo Fan}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional finite element analysis of the foot during standing--a material sensitivity study.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2005}, volume = {38}, pages = {1045--1054}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {Information on the internal stresses/strains in the human foot and the pressure distribution at the plantar support interface under loading is useful in enhancing knowledge on the biomechanics of the ankle-foot complex. While techniques for plantar pressure measurements are well established, direct measurement of the internal stresses/strains is difficult. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the human foot and ankle was developed using the actual geometry of the foot skeleton and soft tissues, which were obtained from 3D reconstruction of MR images. Except the phalanges that were fused, the interaction among the metatarsals, cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular, talus, calcaneus, tibia and fibula were defined as contact surfaces, which allow relative articulating movement. The plantar fascia and 72 major ligaments were simulated using tension-only truss elements by connecting the corresponding attachment points on the bone surfaces. The bony and ligamentous structures were embedded in a volume of soft tissues. The encapsulated soft tissue was defined as hyperelastic, while the bony and ligamentous structures were assumed to be linearly elastic. The effects of soft tissue stiffening on the stress distribution of the plantar surface and bony structures during balanced standing were investigated. Increases of soft tissue stiffness from 2 and up to 5 times the normal values were used to approximate the pathologically stiffened tissue behaviour with increasing stages of diabetic neuropathy. The results showed that a five-fold increase in soft tissue stiffness led to about 35\% and 33\% increase in the peak plantar pressure at the forefoot and rearfoot regions, respectively. This corresponded to about 47\% decrease in the total contact area between the plantar foot and the horizontal support surface. Peak bone stress was found at the third metatarsal in all calculated cases with a minimal increase of about 7\% with soft tissue stiffening.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.035}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Substitutes, Brain, Breast, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Foot, Foot Bones, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Ligaments, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Metals, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oryza sativa, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Posture, Pressure, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Weight-Bearing, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15797586}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021929004002842}, pmid = {15797586}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.035}, } @ARTICLE{Chowdhury2005, author = {Amit K Roy-Chowdhury and Rama Chellappa}, title = {{S}tatistical bias in 3-{D} reconstruction from a monocular video.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Image Process}, year = {2005}, volume = {14}, pages = {1057--1062}, number = {8}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {The present state-of-the-art in computing the error statistics in three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction from video concentrates on estimating the error covariance. A different source of error which has not received much attention is the fact that the reconstruction estimates are often significantly statistically biased. In this paper, we derive a precise expression for the bias in the depth estimate, based on the continuous (differentiable) version of structure from motion (SfM). Many SfM algorithms, or certain portions of them, can be posed in a linear least-squares (LS) framework Ax = b. Examples include initialization procedures for bundle adjustment or algorithms that alternately estimate depth and camera motion. It is a well-known fact that the LS estimate is biased if the system matrix A is noisy. In SfM, the matrix A contains point correspondences, which are always difficult to obtain precisely; thus, it is expected that the structure and motion estimates in such a formulation of the problem would be biased. Existing results on the minimum achievable variance of the SfM estimator are extended by deriving a generalized Cramer-Rao lower bound. A detailed analysis of the effect of various camera motion parameters on the bias is presented. We conclude by presenting the effect of bias compensation on reconstructing 3-D face models from rendered images.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Ankle Injuries, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological Markers, Bombyx, Bone Plates, Calcaneus, Capsid, Chick Embryo, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Densovirinae, Digestive System, Endoscopy, Endosonography, English Abstract, Feasibility Studies, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Fracture Fixation, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intraoperative Period, Laminin, Laparoscopy, Male, Mesonephros, Microscopy, Microtomy, Models, Molecular, Non-U.S. Gov't, Optical, Pancreatic Neop, Paraffin Embedding, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photometry, Physician's Practice Patterns, Picornaviridae, Practice Guidelines, Preoperative Care, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reoviridae, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software Design, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Video Recording, Vimentin, X-Ray Computed, lasms, 16121454}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16121454}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Chunhong2005, author = {Chunhong Pan; Hongping Yan; Medioni, G.; Songde Ma;}, title = {Parametric reconstruction of generalized cylinders from limb edges}, journal = {Image Processing, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {14}, pages = {1202 - 1214}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ciobanu2006, author = {Octavian Ciobanu}, title = {{T}he use of a {C}omputer {A}ided {D}esign ({CAD}) environment in 3{D} reconstruction of anatomic surfaces.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2006}, volume = {119}, pages = {102--104}, abstract = {Paper presents an evaluation and comparison of two different types of software for generating a 3D model from medical imaging data: first, a dedicated 3D reconstruction Mimics interface, by Materialise and second, an engineering CAD (a Solid Works and AutoCAD) interface. Advantages and limitations of both software types are outlined and there some observations for 3D reconstruction of anatomic surfaces are presented.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Processing, Imaging, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, N.I.H., Non-Sedating, Penis, Programming Languages, Research Support, Robotics, Software, Three-Dimensional, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Video-Assisted Surgery, 16404025}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16404025}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Claes2006, author = {Peter Claes and Dirk Vandermeulen and Sven De Greef and Guy Willems and Paul Suetens}, title = {{C}raniofacial reconstruction using a combined statistical model of face shape and soft tissue depths: {M}ethodology and validation.}, journal = {Forensic Sci Int}, year = {2006}, volume = {159 Suppl}, pages = {S147--S158}, month = {May}, abstract = {Forensic facial reconstruction aims at estimating the facial outlook associated with an unidentified skull specimen. Estimation is generally based on tabulated average values of soft tissue thicknesses measured at a sparse set of landmarks on the skull. Traditional 'plastic' methods apply modeling clay or plasticine on a cast of the skull, approximating the estimated tissue depths at the landmarks and interpolating in between. Current computerized techniques mimic this landmark interpolation procedure using a single static facial surface template. However, the resulting reconstruction is biased by the specific choice of the template and no face-specific regularization is used during the interpolation process. We reduce the template bias by using a flexible statistical model of a dense set of facial surface points, combined with an associated sparse set of skull-based landmarks. This statistical model is constructed from a facial database of (N=118) individuals and limits the reconstructions to statistically plausible outlooks. The actual reconstruction is obtained by fitting the skull-based landmarks of the template model to the corresponding landmarks indicated on a digital copy of the skull to be reconstructed. The fitting process changes the face-specific statistical model parameters in a regularized way and interpolates the remaining landmark fit error using a minimal bending thin-plate spline (TPS)-based deformation. Furthermore, estimated properties of the skull specimen (BMI, age and gender, e.g.) can be incorporated as conditions on the reconstruction by removing property-related shape variation from the statistical model description before the fitting process. The proposed statistical method is validated, both in terms of accuracy and identification success rate, based on leave-one-out cross-validation tests applied on the facial database. Accuracy results are obtained by statistically analyzing the local 3D facial surface differences of the reconstructions and their corresponding ground truth. Identification success rate is obtained by comparing, based on correlation, Euclidean distance matrix (EDM) signatures of the reconstructed and the original 3D facial surfaces in the database. A subjective identification success rate is quantified based on face-pool tests. Finally a qualitative comparison is made between facial reconstructions of a real-case skull, based on two typical static face models and our statistical model, showing the shortcomings of current face models and the improved performance of the statistical model.}, doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.035}, keywords = {16540276}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0379-0738(06)00088-0}, pmid = {16540276}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.035}, } @ARTICLE{Cooper2003, author = {D. M L Cooper and A. L. Turinsky and C. W. Sensen and B. Hallgrímsson}, title = {{Q}uantitative 3{D} analysis of the canal network in cortical bone by micro-computed tomography.}, journal = {Anat Rec B New Anat}, year = {2003}, volume = {274}, pages = {169--179}, number = {1}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {Cortical bone is perforated by an interconnected network of porous canals that facilitate the distribution of neurovascular structures throughout the cortex. This network is an integral component of cortical microstructure and, therefore, undergoes continual change throughout life as the cortex is remodeled. To date, the investigation of cortical microstructure, including the canal network, has largely been limited to the two-dimensional (2D) realm due to methodological hurdles. Thanks to continuing improvements in scan resolution, micro-computed tomography (muCT) is the first nondestructive imaging technology capable of resolving cortical canals. Like its application to trabecular bone, muCT provides an efficient means of quantifying aspects of 3D architecture of the canal network. Our aim here is to introduce the use of muCT for this application by providing examples, discussing some of the parameters that can be acquired, and relating these to research applications. Although several parameters developed for the analysis of trabecular microstructure are suitable for the analysis of cortical porosity, the algorithm used to estimate connectivity is not. We adapt existing algorithms based on skeletonization for this task. We believe that 3D analysis of the dimensions and architecture of the canal network will provide novel information relevant to many aspects of bone biology. For example, parameters related to the size, spacing, and volume of the canals may be particularly useful for investigation of the mechanical properties of bone. Alternatively, parameters describing the 3D architecture of the canal network, such as connectivity between the canals, may provide a means of evaluating cumulative remodeling related change.}, doi = {10.1002/ar.b.10024}, keywords = {Artifacts, Basilar Artery, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebral Veins, Circle of Willis, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Diagnosis, Differential, Haversian System, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Iohexol, Mesencephalon, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phlebography, Pons, Reference Values, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 12964207}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {12964207}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.10024}, } @ARTICLE{curless96volumetric, author = {Brian Curless and Marc Levoy}, title = {A Volumetric Method for Building Complex Models from Range Images}, journal = {Computer Graphics}, year = {1996}, volume = {30}, pages = {303--312}, number = {{Annual Conference Series}}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/curless96volumetric.html}, } @PHDTHESIS{Curless.1996., author = {B. Curless.}, title = {Better optical triangulation and volumetric reconstruction of complex models from range images.}, school = {Stanford University}, year = {1996.}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Dandekar2005, author = {Sangita Dandekar and Yinbo Li and Janelle Molloy and John Hossack}, title = {{A} phantom with reduced complexity for spatial 3-{D} ultrasound calibration.}, journal = {Ultrasound Med Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {31}, pages = {1083--1093}, number = {8}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {The design of a new phantom for 3-D ultrasound calibration is presented. The phantom provides a viable alternative to existing phantoms that are significantly more complex and require high precision fabrication. The phantom, referred to as a "plane-of-wires" phantom, consists of two wires mounted at the same fixed height above the bottom of a water tank. Data collection for calibration involved rotating and translating the phantom so that the wires remained in a single plane parallel to the tank bottom. The mean reconstruction accuracy of the plane-of-wires calibration is 0.66 mm at a mean depth of 12.3 mm, with a precision of 1.23 mm at the same mean depth. The calibration was used to determine the volume of a cube with known volume with an error of 2.51\%. The calibration performance achieved is comparable with that of existing approaches.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.04.008}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Alkaline Phosphatase, Alveolar Ridge Augmentation, Ambystoma, Animals, Ankle Injuries, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biocompatible Materials, Biological Markers, Bombyx, Bone Plates, Bone Substitutes, Bronchial Diseases, Bronchoscopy, Calcaneus, Calcification, Calibration, Capsid, Cartilage Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cells, Chick Embryo, Collagen Type I, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cultured, DNA-Binding Prot, Data Collection, Densovirinae, Diagnosis, Differential, Digestive System, Durapatite, Embryo, Endoscopy, Endosonography, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Fracture Fixation, Heterotopic, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processi, Image Processing, Imaging, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intraoperative Period, Lactic Acid, Laminin, Laparoscopy, Male, Maxillary Sinus, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Mesonephros, Microscopy, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, Molecular, N.I.H., Non-U., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optical, Orientation, Ossification, Osteocalcin, Osteogenesis, Osteonectin, Pancreatic Neop, Paraffin Embedding, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photometry, Physician's Practice Patterns, Physiologic, Picornaviridae, Polyglycolic Acid, Polymers, Practice Guidelines, Preoperative Care, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reflex, Reoviridae, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, S. Gov't, Semicircular Canals, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sialoglycoproteins, Signal Processing, Software Design, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Tracheal Diseases, Transcription Factors, Ultrasonography, Vestibulo-Ocular, Video Recording, Vimentin, X-Ray Computed, eins, lasms, ng, 16085099}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0301-5629(05)00182-1}, pmid = {16085099}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.04.008}, } @ARTICLE{Darge2003, author = {K. Darge and M. Beer}, title = {[{A}dvances in pediatric sonography]}, journal = {Radiologe}, year = {2003}, volume = {43}, pages = {813--822}, number = {10}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {Advances in the field of ultrasound technology and ultrasound contrast media over the past few years have also brought major improvements to pediatric sonography. Accordingly, contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography has become a valuable alternative in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. It is possible to achieve significant reduction in radiation exposure replacing the conventional radiologic methods used for reflux diagnosis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Through the introduction of harmonic imaging, an ultrasound scanning modality with high spatial and contrast resolution has become available. The modality was initially propagated as one to be applied in difficult-to-scan adults. However, initial experiences in pediatric applications are demonstrating the significant improvement it can bring in the ultrasound image quality, for example, in intestinal ultrasound. A further development is three-dimensional [3D] imaging using ultrasound. 3D-ultrasound not only offers an improvement in diagnosis but also in the acceptance of ultrasound in interdisciplinary work and teaching. The first applications of 3D-ultrasound in pediatrics are focusing on brain ultrasound and volume measurement of the kidneys.}, doi = {10.1007/s00117-003-0952-1}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aneurysm, Animals, Artifacts, Autopsy, Biomedical, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Regeneration, Bone Screws, Calibration, Carboxymethylcellulose, Child, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer Systems, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Congenital, Contrast Media, Diverticulum, Ductus Arteriosus, Ear, Echoencephalography, English Abstract, Equipment Design, External, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Forensic Medicine, Gadolinium DTPA, Growth Substances, Gunshot, Hip Dislocation, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Ischemia, Lasers, Leg, Lumbar Vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Injuries, Maxilla, Non-U.S. Gov't, Operating Room Information Systems, Oral Surgical Procedures, P.H.S., Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Postoperative Complica, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Prostheses and Implants, Pulmonary Artery, Recombinant Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Ruptur, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Spinal Diseases, Spinal Fractures, Spiral Computed, Surgery, Swine, Technology Assessment, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Urodynamics, User-Computer Interface, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, ed, tions, 14605697}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {14605697}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00117-003-0952-1}, } @ARTICLE{Daul2005a, author = {Christian Daul and Pierre Graebling and Alain Tiedeu and Didier Wolf}, title = {3-{D} reconstruction of microcalcification clusters using stereo imaging: algorithm and mammographic unit calibration.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}, year = {2005}, volume = {52}, pages = {2058--2073}, number = {12}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {The three-dimensional (3-D) shape of microcalcification clusters is an important indicator in early breast cancer detection. In fact, there is a relationship between the cluster topology and the type of lesion (malignant or benign). This paper presents a 3-D reconstruction method for such clusters using two 2-D views acquired during standard mammographic examinations. For this purpose, the mammographic unit was modeled using a camera with virtual optics. This model was used to calibrate the acquisition unit and then to reconstruct the clusters in the 3-D space after microcalcification segmentation and matching. The proposed model is hardware independent since it is suitable for digital mammographic units with different geometries and with various physical acquisition principles. Three-dimensional reconstruction results are presented here to prove the validity of the method. Tests were first performed using a phantom with a well-known geometry. The latter contained X-ray opaque glass balls representing microcalcifications. The positions of these balls were reconstructed with a 16.25-microm mean accuracy. This very high inherent algorithm accuracy is more than enough for a precise 3-D cluster representation. Further validation tests were carried out using a second phantom including a spherical cluster. This phantom was built with materials simulating the behavior of both mammary tissue and microcalcifications toward Xrays. The reconstructed shape was effectively spherical. Finally, reconstructions were carried out for real clusters and their results are also presented.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Aortic Rupture, Arabidopsis, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biol, Biological, Breast Neoplasms, Calcinosis, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cattle, Cell Membrane, Cell Shape, Cell Size, Comp, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Crystalline, Cystoscopy, Diagnostic Techniques, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, Female, Flowers, Fluorescence, Golgi Apparatus, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immunohistochemistry, Lens, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography, Mechanical, Meristem, Microscopy, Microtomy, Models, Neoplasms, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonpenetrating, Ophthalmological, Optic Disk, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Plant Shoots, Precancerous Conditions, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Scanning, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Stress, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Ultrasonic Therapy, Ureteral Diseases, Urethral Diseases, Urologic Diseases, Video, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, ogical, uter-Assisted, 16366229}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16366229}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Daul2005, author = {Daul, C.; Graebling, P.; Tiedeu, A.; Wolf, D.;}, title = {3-D reconstruction of microcalcification clusters using stereo imaging: algorithm and mammographic unit calibration}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {52}, pages = {2058 - 2073}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Dean2003, author = {David Dean and Kyoung-June Min and Angus Bond}, title = {{C}omputer aided design of large-format prefabricated cranial plates.}, journal = {J Craniofac Surg}, year = {2003}, volume = {14}, pages = {819--832}, number = {6}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {The authors' objective in this project was to replace current state-of-the-art manual methods for preoperative production (i.e., prefabrication) of large-format (>100 cm2) cranioplasties with a system for computer-aided design and direct computer-aided manufacture of the implant's shape. This system uses standard 3D CT data, requires no specialized training, and produces an accurately fitting cranioplasty that can be recast in the physician's material of choice (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] or pre-bent titanium plating). The authors begin by locating the cranial defect margin on a skull surface image generated from a 3D head CT-scan. A right-to-left mirrored or average 3D skull surface template image is then fit to the patient's skull surface image. The area around the defect is cut out and stitched to the previously isolated defect margin. This defect-filling surface is then tapered and 3D printed. The 3D printed implant model is then recast in a biocompatible material. Manually generated cranial implants produced for five patients were compared with implants resulting from this new computer-based method. All five computer-generated implants were better fitting and more cosmetically suitable than the manually generated skull plates received by these patients. These well-fitting implants are more likely to protect the brain from trauma and infection. Therefore, the authors conclude that their new production method provides a better result with less expense than current methods for preoperative or intraoperative fabrication of large-format cranioplasties.}, keywords = {-Ray Computed, Adult, Aged, Aneurysm, Animals, Artifacts, Autopsy, Biocompatible Materials, Biomedical, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Regeneration, Bone Screws, Calibration, Carboxymethylcellulose, Child, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer Systems, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Congenital, Contrast Media, Craniotomy, Dental, Diverticulum, Ductus Arteriosus, Ear, Echoencephalography, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Esthetics, External, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Forensic Medicine, Gadolinium DTPA, Growth Substances, Gunshot, Hip Dislocation, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Ischemia, Lasers, Leg, Lumbar Vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Injuries, Maxilla, Middle Aged, Non-U.S. Gov't, Operating Room Information Systems, Oral Surgical Procedures, P.H.S., Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Postoperative Complica, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Prosthe, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Fitting, Pulmonary Artery, Recombinant Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Ruptur, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skull, Software, Spinal Diseases, Spinal Fractures, Spiral Computed, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Technology, Technology Assessment, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Titanium, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Urodynamics, User-Computer Interface, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, Wounds, X, X-Ray Computed, ed, ses and Implants, tions, 14600623}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {14600623}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Degeorges2004, author = {R. Degeorges and S. Laporte and E. Pessis and D. Mitton and J. N. Goubier and F. Lavaste}, title = {{R}otations of three-joint fingers: a radiological study.}, journal = {Surg Radiol Anat}, year = {2004}, volume = {26}, pages = {392--398}, number = {5}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {The aim of the current study was to test a protocol of quantification of phalangeal three-dimensional (3D) rotations during flexion of three-joint digits. Three-dimensional-specific software was developed to analyze CT reconstruction images. A protocol was carried out with six fresh-frozen upper limbs from human cadavers free from any visible pathology (three females, three males). CT millimetric slices were done for reconstruction of hand bone units. Orthonormal coordinate systems of inertia were calculated for each unit. Three-dimensional phalangeal rotations were estimated between two static positions (fingers in extension and in a fist position). Results were displayed for the joints of each three-joint finger with calculation of 3D rotations. Mean longitudinal axial rotations of metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints ranged from 14 degrees pronation to 19 degrees supination. The index finger was in a global pronation position (4/6 specimens). The fourth and fifth fingers were in a global supination position in every case. The third finger was in a more variable global rotation (pronation in 2/6 specimens). MCP, PIP and DIP flexion angles ranged respectively from 71 degrees to 89 degrees, 65 degrees to 87 degrees, and 41degrees to 77 degrees. Lateral angles ranged from 19 degrees (ulnar angulation) to 23 degrees (radial angulation). The study of phalangeal rotations was possible in spite of a heavy protocol. This protocol could be partially automatated to speed up the analyses. Longitudinal axial rotations could be analyzed, in addition to flexion/extension or abduction/adduction rotations. CT scan reconstructions would be helpful for investigating pathological fingers. Abnormal rotations of digits could be quantified more precisely than during a current clinical examination of the hand.}, doi = {10.1007/s00276-004-0244-0}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdomen, Abdominal Neoplasms, Acetabulum, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animal, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Blood Flow Velocity, Bone Screws, Brain, Brain Ischemia, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Carotid Arteries, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Continuing, Contrast Media, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Differential, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion of Innovation, Disease Models, Echo-Planar Imaging, Education, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Fracture Fixation, Gadolinium DTPA, Head, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infarction, Internal, Laparoscopy, Liver, Lymph Nodes, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mammography, Mastectomy, Mechanical, Medical Illustration, Mice, Middle Ag, Middle Aged, Middle Cerebral Artery, Monitoring, Monte Carlo Method, Multiple Sclerosis, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Phantoms, Phlebography, Physiologic, Posture, Predictive Value of Tests, Preschool, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Rad, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiologic, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Range of Motion, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Rotation, Scoliosis, Segmental, Seminal Vesicles, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stress, Surgery, Surgical Instruments, Swine, Technology, Thoracic Neoplasms, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United States, User-Computer Interface, X-Ray Computed, ed, iographic Image Enhancement, 15351907}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15351907}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-004-0244-0}, } @ARTICLE{Dehghani2005, author = {Hamid Dehghani and Nirmal Soni and Ryan Halter and Alex Hartov and Keith D Paulsen}, title = {{E}xcitation patterns in three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography.}, journal = {Physiol Meas}, year = {2005}, volume = {26}, pages = {S185--S197}, number = {2}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique that aims to reconstruct images of internal electrical properties of a domain, based on electrical measurements on the periphery. Improvements in instrumentation and numerical modeling have led to three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The availability of 3D modeling and imaging raises the question of identifying the best possible excitation patterns that will yield to data, which can be used to produce the best image reconstruction of internal properties. In this work, we describe our 3D finite element model of EIT. Through singular value decomposition as well as examples of reconstructed images, we show that for a homogenous female breast model with four layers of electrodes, a driving pattern where each excitation plane is a sinusoidal pattern out-of-phase with its neighboring plane produces better qualitative images. However, in terms of quantitative imaging an excitation pattern where all electrode layers are in phase produces better results.}, doi = {10.1088/0967-3334/26/2/018}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Substitutes, Brain, Breast, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Metals, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oryza sativa, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15798231}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0967-3334(05)85733-8}, pmid = {15798231}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/26/2/018}, } @CONFERENCE{Delorme1999, author = {Delorme, S.; Petit, Y.; de Guise, J.A.; Aubin, C.-E.; Labelle, H.; Landry, C.; Dansereau, J.;}, title = {Three-dimensional modelling and rendering of the human skeletal trunk from 2D radiographic images}, booktitle = {3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 1999. Proceedings. Second International Conference on 4-8 Oct. 1999 Page(s):497 - 505}, year = {1999}, journal = {Three-dimensional modelling and rendering of the human skeletal trunk from 2D radiographic images}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Delorme2003, author = {Delorme, S.; Petit, Y.; de Guise, J.A.; Labelle, H.; Aubin, C.-E.; Dansereau, J.;}, title = {Assessment of the 3-D reconstruction and high-resolution geometrical modeling of the human skeletal trunk from 2-D radiographic images}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2003}, volume = {50}, pages = {989 - 998}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Dhawan1998, author = {Vijay Dhawan and Ken Kazumata and William Robeson and Abdelfatihe Belakhlef and Claude Margouleff and Thomas Chaly and Toshitaka Nakamura and Robert Dahl and Donald Margouleff and David Eidelberg}, title = {{Q}uantitative {B}rain {PET}. {C}omparison of 2{D} and 3{D} {A}cquisitions on the {GE} {A}dvance {S}canner.}, journal = {Clin Positron Imaging}, year = {1998}, volume = {1}, pages = {135--144}, number = {2}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Recent developments in the design of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners have made three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition attractive because of significantly higher sensitivity compared to the conventional 2D mode (with lead/tungsten septa extended). However, the increased count rate in 3D mode comes at the cost of increased scatter, randoms, and dead time. Several schemes to correct for these effects have been proposed and validated in phantom studies. In this study, we evaluated the overall improvement afforded by 3D imaging in quantitative human brain PET studies carried out at our institution.METHODS: Subjects were studied using sequential/interleaved 2D and 3D data acquisition with a GE Advance scanner. We calculated regional and global cerebral glucose metabolism with [(18)F]flourodeoxyglucose (FDG) and estimated rate constants for striatal [(18)F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) uptake.RESULTS: FDG: Global mean glucose metabolic rates were in almost complete agreement (within 1\%) between the two modes whereas the regional differences ranged from -7.7\% to +9\% for all cortical structures. However, for small regions (<2 cm(2)) like caudate nuclei, the maximum difference was 14.7\%. FDOPA: A significant improvement in image quality was evident in 3D mode and there was complete agreement between the estimated parameters in the two scanning modes for the same noise equivalent counts: Striatal-to-occipital ratio (SOR) and striatal FDOPA uptake (K(i)(FD)) had mean differences of less than 2\% and 5\%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: 3D FDG studies can be done with either half the injected dose or half the scan duration to a comparable 2D study. 3D PET imaging has distinct advantages over 2D in the quantitative fluorodopa studies.}, keywords = {-Ray Computed, 80 and over, Abnormalities, Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Alzheimer Disease, Aneurysm, Animals, Artifacts, Autopsy, Biocompatible Materials, Biomedical, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Regeneration, Bone Screws, Brain, Brain Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Calibration, Carboxymethylcellulose, Carcinoma, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Child, Collagen, Comp, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer Systems, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Congenital, Contrast Media, Craniotomy, Dementia, Dental, Diverticulum, Ductus Arteriosus, Ear, Echocardiography, Echoencephalography, Electrocardiography, Emission-Computed, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure, Esthetics, External, Female, First, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Forensic Medicine, Fourier Analysis, Gadolinium DTPA, Glioma, Growth Substances, Gunshot, Heart, Heart Diseases, Heart Ventricles, Hip Dislocation, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processi, Image Processing, Imaging, Immobilization, Infant, Internal Fixators, Ischemia, Lasers, Leg, Lewy Body Disease, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Lymphatic Irradiation, Lymphatic Metastasis, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Injuries, Maxilla, Middle Aged, Multiple, Myocardial Contraction, Neck, Non-P.H.S., Non-Small-Cell Lung, Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Operating Room Information Systems, Oral Surgical Procedures, P.H.S., Parkinson Disease, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Postoperative Complica, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Prenatal, Preschool, Progno, Prospective Studies, Prosthe, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Fitting, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Embolism, Quality of Life, Ra, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Inter, Radiography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Recombinant Proteins, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Retrospective Studies, Ruptur, Sensitivity and Specificity, Single-Photon, Skull, Software, Spinal Diseases, Spinal Fractures, Spinal Fusion, Spiral Computed, Statistics, Stroke Volume, Surface Properties, Surgery, Survival Rate, Swine, Technology, Technology Assessment, Thoracic, Thoracic Vertebrae, Thoracic Wall, Three-Dimensional, Thrombosis, Time Factors, Titanium, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Urodynamics, User-Computer Interface, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, Wounds, X, X-Ray Computed, diotherapy Planning, ed, ng, pretation, ses and Implants, sis, tions, uter-Assisted, 14516603}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1095039798000090}, pmid = {14516603}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Dikkeboom2004, author = {C. M. Dikkeboom and N. M. Roelfsema and L. N A Van Adrichem and J. W. Wladimiroff}, title = {{T}he role of three-dimensional ultrasound in visualizing the fetal cranial sutures and fontanels during the second half of pregnancy.}, journal = {Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol}, year = {2004}, volume = {24}, pages = {412--416}, number = {4}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in visualizing fetal cranial sutures and fontanels and to determine factors that could influence visualization and image quality. METHODS: Serial 3D ultrasound examinations were evaluated for visibility of fetal cranial sutures and fontanels, image quality and possible influencing parameters in the second half of pregnancy. Thirty fetuses were scanned at four different gestational ages providing a data set of 120 cases. RESULTS: Most (82-100\%) cranial sutures and fontanels could be visualized with 3D ultrasound. However, the sagittal suture and posterior fontanel were visualized in only 47\% and 42\%, respectively. Gestational age significantly influenced the visibility of the sutures and fontanels, image quality decreasing with advancing gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: 3D ultrasound can be a reliable technique for visualizing most fetal cranial sutures and fontanels. By performing a sagittal and a transverse scan, most of the sutures and fontanels can be made visible during the second half of pregnancy. Visualization depends on gestational age.}, doi = {10.1002/uog.1719}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdomen, Abdominal Neoplasms, Acetabulum, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animal, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Blood Flow Velocity, Bone Screws, Brain, Brain Ischemia, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Carotid Arteries, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Chromatography, Combined Modality Therapy, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Continuing, Contrast Media, Cranial Sutures, Databases, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Differential, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion of Innovation, Disease Models, Echo-Planar Imaging, Education, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Fourier Transform Infrared, Fracture Fixation, Gadolinium DTPA, Gestational Age, Head, Head and Neck Neoplasms, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infarction, Internal, Laparoscopy, Liver, Lymph Nodes, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mammography, Mass, Mastectomy, Mechanical, Medical Illustration, Mice, Middle Ag, Middle Aged, Middle Cerebral Artery, Monitoring, Monte Carlo Method, Multiple Sclerosis, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Peptide Fragments, Phantoms, Phlebography, Physiologic, Posture, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Preschool, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protein, Proteomics, Rad, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiologic, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Range of Motion, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Rotation, Scoliosis, Second, Segmental, Seminal Vesicles, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skull, Spectroscopy, Spectrum Analysis, Stress, Surgery, Surgical Instruments, Swine, Technology, Third, Thoracic Neoplasms, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United States, User-Computer Interface, X-Ray Computed, ed, iographic Image Enhancement, 15343595}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15343595}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.1719}, } @ARTICLE{Dimmeler2001, author = {E. Dimmeler and R. Marabini and P. Tittmann and H. Gross}, title = {{C}orrelation of topographic surface and volume data from three-dimensional electron microscopy.}, journal = {J Struct Biol}, year = {2001}, volume = {136}, pages = {20--29}, number = {1}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {Three-dimensional(3D) reconstructions from tilt series in an electron microscope show in general an anisotropic resolution due to an instrumentally limited tilt angle. As a consequence, the information in the z direction is blurred, thus making it difficult to detect the boundary of the reconstructed structures. In contrast, high-resolution topography data from microscopic surface techniques provide exactly complementary information. The combination of topographic surface and volume data leads to a better understanding of the 3D structure. The new correlation procedure presented determines both the height scaling of the topographic surface and the relative position of surface and volume data, thus allowing information to be combined. Experimental data for crystalline T4 bacteriophage polyheads were used to test the new method. Three-dimensional volume data were reconstructed from a negatively stained tilt series. Topographic data for both surfaces were obtained by surface relief reconstruction of electron micrographs of freeze-dried and unidirectionally metal-shadowed polyheads. The combined visualization of volume data with the scaled and aligned surface data shows that the correlation technique yields meaningful results. The reported correlation method may be applied to surface data obtained by any microscopic technique yielding topographic data.}, doi = {10.1006/jsbi.2001.4422}, keywords = {5-HT1, 5-HT2A, 80 and over, Acne Vulgaris, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Anisotropy, Aquaporins, Atrophy, Bacteriophage T4, Binding Sites, Body Water, Buspirone, Caudate Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Nucleus, Cells, Centromere, Comparative , Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cornea, Corneal Topography, Crystallography, Cultured, Data Interpretation, Dermatology, Drug Design, Dystrophin, Electron, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Escherichia coli Proteins, Eukaryotic Cells, Female, Fluorescence, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, In Situ Hybridization, In Vitro, Lasers, Lateral Ventricles, Ligands, Lipid Metabolism, Lipids, Lymphocytes, Macromolecular Substances, Magne, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mathematics, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molecular, Mutagenesis, Neurosurgery, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Parkinson Disease, Predictive Value of Tests, Progressive, Protein Conformation, Protein Structure, Receptor, Receptors, Replica Techniques, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Robotics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Serotonin, Serotonin Agonists, Sex Factors, Silicone Elastomers, Site-Directed, Skin, Software, Spectrum Analysis, Statistical, Statistics, Study, Subcutaneous Tissue, Supranuclear Palsy, Surface Properties, Tertiary, Thermodynamics, Thigh, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Trigeminal Nerve, Trigeminal Neuralgia, U.S. Go, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Water, Water-Electrolyte Balance, X Chromosome, X-Ray, X-Ray Computed, tic Resonance Imaging, v't, 11858704}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1047847701944223}, pmid = {11858704}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsbi.2001.4422}, } @ARTICLE{Dobrzynski2005, author = {H. Dobrzynski and J. Li and J. Tellez and I. D. Greener and V. P. Nikolski and S. E. Wright and S. H. Parson and S. A. Jones and M. K. Lancaster and M. Yamamoto and H. Honjo and Y. Takagishi and I. Kodama and I. R. Efimov and R. Billeter and M. R. Boyett}, title = {{C}omputer three-dimensional reconstruction of the sinoatrial node.}, journal = {Circulation}, year = {2005}, volume = {111}, pages = {846--854}, number = {7}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is an effort to build an anatomically and biophysically detailed virtual heart, and, although there are models for the atria and ventricles, there is no model for the sinoatrial node (SAN). For the SAN to show pacemaking and drive atrial muscle, theoretically, there should be a gradient in electrical coupling from the center to the periphery of the SAN and an interdigitation of SAN and atrial cells at the periphery. Any model should include such features. METHODS AND RESULTS: Staining of rabbit SAN preparations for histology, middle neurofilament, atrial natriuretic peptide, and connexin (Cx) 43 revealed multiple cell types within and around the SAN (SAN and atrial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes). In contrast to atrial cells, all SAN cells expressed middle neurofilament (but not atrial natriuretic peptide) mRNA and protein. However, 2 distinct SAN cell types were observed: cells in the center (leading pacemaker site) were small, were organized in a mesh, and did not express Cx43. In contrast, cells in the periphery (exit pathway from the SAN) were large, were arranged predominantly in parallel, often expressed Cx43, and were mixed with atrial cells. An approximately 2.5-million-element array model of the SAN and surrounding atrium, incorporating all cell types, was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, a 3D anatomically detailed mathematical model of the SAN has been constructed, and this shows the presence of a specialized interface between the SAN and atrial muscle.}, doi = {10.1161/01.CIR.0000152100.04087.DB}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Movement, Myocardium, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurofilament Proteins, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Sinoatrial Node, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Theoretical, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, 15699261}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {01.CIR.0000152100.04087.DB}, pmid = {15699261}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000152100.04087.DB}, } @ARTICLE{Dumas2005, author = {G. Dumas and P. Perrin and N. Morel and D. Q. N'Guyen and S. Schmerber}, title = {[{S}kull vibratory test in partial vestibular lesions--influence of the stimulus frequency on the nystagmus direction]}, journal = {Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord)}, year = {2005}, volume = {126}, pages = {235--242}, number = {4}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Results of the skull vibratory test (SVT) in partial unilateral vestibular peripheral lesions (PUVL) are different from the results in total vestibular lesions (TUVL). AIM: To reveal a correlation between the results of the analysis of the skull vibratory nystagmus (SVN) horizontal component and the side of the lesion; to correlate these results with the stimulus frequency. To find out a predictive correlation between the SVN horizontal and vertical components and the topography of a vestibular lesion. To appreciate the degree of vestibular deafferentation (extended to high frequencies) provoked by gentamicin labyrinthectomy and its efficiency in Meniere's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 53 patients with a SVN and a PUVL were included and compared with 10 TUVL and 10 normal subjects. Protocol included a HST (2 Hz), a SVT at 30, 60 and 100 Hz and a caloric test. Recordings were performed with a 2D and 3D VNG device. RESULTS: In PUVL, SVN at 30, 60 and 100 Hz was obtained in 80, 90 and 90\% of cases respectively. SVN is correlated with the side of the lesion at 30, 60 and 100 Hz respectively in 65\%, 63\%, 80\% of cases. SVN is not correlated with the side of the lesion in 20\% of Meniere's disease, in 8\% of vestibular neuritis and in 6\% of vestibular schwannoma. In PUVL HSN is correlated with the side of the lesion in 69\% of cases. The direction of the HSN and of the SVN was different in 23\% when the nystagmus attended at the same time for both tests. In PUVL the direction of the SVN is different at 100 Hz and 30 Hz in 16\% of cases when they are concomittant on the same patient. After Gentamicine labyrinthectomy, the coherence of the results in caloric test, HSN and SVN (areflexy and lesional nystagmus beating toward the safe side) was correlated with the efficiency of the therapy. A SVN vertical component was met in 10\% of PUVL (essentially in anterior canal dehiscence and few cases of partial labyrinthitis). The horizontal SVN SPV is significantly slower in PUVL than in TUVL patients (p=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: The SVT is a vestibular global and rapid test which explores high frequencies. In PUVL the direction of SVN is not always predictive of the side of the lesion and is sometimes depending on the stimulus frequency, the state of the vestibular lesion, the vestibular structure concerned (1/2 circular canals or otolithic organs) and the kind of sensory cells implicated in the lesion. In TUVL The direction of the SVN is always coherent with the side of the lesion (this is useful to predict the efficiency of a Gentamicine Labyrinthectomy). A SVN vertical component can mean a lesion of the vertical canal in PUVL.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Comparative Study, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Male, Meniere's Disease, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, 16496550}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16496550}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Eghbalnia2005, author = {Hamid R Eghbalnia and Arash Bahrami and Marco Tonelli and Klaas Hallenga and John L Markley}, title = {{H}igh-resolution iterative frequency identification for {NMR} as a general strategy for multidimensional data collection.}, journal = {J Am Chem Soc}, year = {2005}, volume = {127}, pages = {12528--12536}, number = {36}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {We describe a novel approach to the rapid collection and processing of multidimensional NMR data: "high-resolution iterative frequency identification for NMR" (HIFI-NMR). As with other reduced dimensionality approaches, HIFI-NMR collects n-dimensional data as a set of two-dimensional (2D) planes. The HIFI-NMR algorithm incorporates several innovative features. (1) Following the initial collection of two orthogonal 2D planes, tilted planes are selected adaptively, one-by-one. (2) Spectral space is analyzed in a rigorous statistical manner. (3) An online algorithm maintains a model that provides a probabilistic representation of the three-dimensional (3D) peak positions, derives the optimal angle for the next plane to be collected, and stops data collection when the addition of another plane would not improve the data model. (4) A robust statistical algorithm extracts information from the plane projections and is used to drive data collection. (5) Peak lists with associated probabilities are generated directly, without total reconstruction of the 3D spectrum; these are ready for use in subsequent assignment or structure determination steps. As a proof of principle, we have tested the approach with 3D triple-resonance experiments of the kind used to assign protein backbone and side-chain resonances. Peaks extracted automatically by HIFI-NMR, for both small and larger proteins, included approximately 98\% of real peaks obtained from control experiments in which data were collected by conventional 3D methods. HIFI-NMR required about one-tenth the time for data collection and avoided subsequent data processing and peak-picking. The approach can be implemented on commercial NMR spectrometers and is extensible to higher-dimensional NMR.}, doi = {10.1021/ja052120i}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Databases, Dental Models, Extramural, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Photogrammetry, Proteins, Protons, Research Support, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Zebrafish, n, 16144400}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16144400}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja052120i}, } @MISC{eid-fusion, author = {Ahmed Eid and Aly Farag}, title = {On the Fusion of 3-D Reconstruction Techniques}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/704175.html}, } @MISC{eid-fusion, author = {Ahmed Eid and Aly Farag}, title = {On the Fusion of 3-D Reconstruction Techniques}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/704175.html}, } @CONFERENCE{El-Hakim2003, author = {El-Hakim, S.F.; Beraldin, J.-A.; Picard, M.; Vettore, A.;}, title = {Effective 3D modeling of heritage sites}, booktitle = {3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2003. 3DIM 2003. Proceedings. Fourth International Conference on 2003 Page(s):302 - 309}, year = {2003}, journal = {3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2003. 3DIM 2003. Proceedings. Fourth International Conference on 2003 Page(s):302 - 309}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Elmpt2005, author = {W. J C van Elmpt and S. M J J G Nijsten and B. J. Mijnheer and A. W H Minken}, title = {{E}xperimental verification of a portal dose prediction model.}, journal = {Med Phys}, year = {2005}, volume = {32}, pages = {2805--2818}, number = {9}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) can be used to measure a two-dimensional (2D) dose distribution behind a patient, thus allowing dosimetric treatment verification. For this purpose we experimentally assessed the accuracy of a 2D portal dose prediction model based on pencil beam scatter kernels. A straightforward derivation of these pencil beam scatter kernels for portal dose prediction models is presented based on phantom measurements. The model is able to predict the 2D portal dose image (PDI) behind a patient, based on a PDI without the patient in the beam in combination with the radiological thickness of the patient, which requires in addition a PDI with the patient in the beam. To assess the accuracy of portal dose and radiological thickness values obtained with our model, various types of homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous phantoms were irradiated with a 6 MV photon beam. With our model we are able to predict a PDI with an accuracy better than 2\% (mean difference) if the radiological thickness of the object in the beam is symmetrically situated around the isocenter. For other situations deviations up to 3\% are observed for a homogeneous phantom with a radiological thickness of 17 cm and a 9 cm shift of the midplane-to-detector distance. The model can extract the radiological thickness within 7 mm (maximum difference) of the actual radiological thickness if the object is symmetrically distributed around the isocenter plane. This difference in radiological thickness is related to a primary portal dose difference of 3\%. It can be concluded that our model can be used as an easy and accurate tool for the 2D verification of patient treatments by comparing predicted and measured PDIs. The model is also able to extract the primary portal dose with a high accuracy, which can be used as the input for a 3D dose reconstruction method based on back-projection.}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Bermuda, Biological, Blood Volume, Breast Neoplasms, Bronchi, Bronchoscopy, Catheterization, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Coronary Vessels, Digestive System, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Gastropoda, Genitalia, Greece, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nervous System, Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Peripheral, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Rabbits, Radiation, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Robotics, Scattering, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Theoretical, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Trachea, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16266095}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16266095}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Entcheva2005, author = {Emilia Entcheva and Harold Bien}, title = {{A}coustic micromachining of three-dimensional surfaces for biological applications.}, journal = {Lab Chip}, year = {2005}, volume = {5}, pages = {179--183}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {We present the use of an accessible micromachining technique (acoustic micromachining) for manufacturing micron-feature surfaces with non-discretely varying depth. Acoustic micromachining allows for non-photolithographic production of metal templates with programmable spatial patterns and involves the use of standard acoustic, cutting and electroplating equipment for mass production of vinyl records. Simple 3D patterns were transferred from an acoustic signal into working nickel templates, from which elastic polymer molds were obtained, featuring deep surface grooves and non-discrete (smooth) variations in the z-dimension. Versatility and applicability of the method is demonstrated in obtaining microfluidics structures, manufacturing high-surface area wavy polymer fibers, assembly of cell networks on scaffolds with 3D topography, and microcontact printing of proteins and cells.}, doi = {10.1039/b409478f}, keywords = {Acoustics, Adolescent, Anatomic, Animals, Cardiac, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Computer-Assisted, Fibroblasts, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Models, Moire Topography, Myocytes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Portal Vein, Research Support, Scoliosis, Software, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, 15672132}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15672132}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b409478f}, } @ARTICLE{Ezzeddine2006, author = {Dina Ezzeddine and Bilal Ezzeddine and Richard McKenzie and Manoop S Bhutani}, title = {{V}irtual gastroscopy: initial attempt in {N}orth {A}merican patients.}, journal = {J Gastroenterol Hepatol}, year = {2006}, volume = {21}, pages = {219--221}, number = {1 Pt 2}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Virtual endoscopy (VE) is a new evolving technology that describes the 3-D reconstruction of medical image scans to create a visualization similar to that produced by fiber-optic and video endoscopy. The present study was carried out to establish the feasibility of this technique in the upper gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: Ten patients who underwent upper endoscopy for different clinical reasons and who were found to have a normal or near normal examination underwent a spiral computed tomography scan of the lower chest and abdomen. A 3-D image was reconstructed using the Freeflight software. RESULTS: The anatomy of the stomach including the lumen, the cardia, the pylorus, gastric folds and the incisura angularis were well-visualized. It was not possible to visualize the esophagus by VE because the lumen was unable to be kept patent long enough to provide accurate imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The present preliminary study has demonstrated the feasibility of performing virtual gastroscopy. Further development in this area is needed before any routine clinical application.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04200.x}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Bayes Theorem, Cerebral Angiography, Computer-Assisted, Computing Methodologies, Dental, Digital Subtraction, Extramural, Female, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Middle Aged, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Phantoms, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiography, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, User-Computer Interface, X-Ray Computed, 16460476}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {JGH}, pmid = {16460476}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04200.x}, } @ARTICLE{Fang2005, author = {Chi-hua Fang and Wu-yi Zhou and Li-wei Huang and Bao-liang Wang and Shi-zheng Zhong}, title = {[{S}tudies on the hepatic three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual surgery using the hepatic images of the digitized virtual {C}hinese human female number 1 database]}, journal = {Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi}, year = {2005}, volume = {43}, pages = {748--752}, number = {11}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To study digitized virtual hepatic three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatic surgery. METHODS: The whole series of hepatic images taken from the database of digitized Virtual Chinese Human Female Number 1 (VCH-F1) was employed to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) liver. First, studied some algorithms for registration of human liver tissue images, and then, segmented the regions of liver, vein, bile duct, and gallbladder from the images. Based on them, the 3D visualization human liver model was reconstructed. Finally, a 3D visualization demo system of liver was developed based on personal computer and Windows operation system. RESULTS: This demo system of liver provided a graphics user interface to rotate, scale the 3D liver to observe the 3D hepatic structure, and a virtual liver simulation system of resection with primary function. CONCLUSIONS: The study may be beneficial to the future research on digitized virtual hepatic and virtual hepatic surgery, and the 3D visualization demo system of liver may be beneficial to the research on the hepatic structure.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, Breast, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Facial Bones, Female, Femur Head, Fibroblasts, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Miniature, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oral Surgical Procedures, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Pathologic, Permeability, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Skull, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Ray Computed, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16008967}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16008967}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{Farag2005, author = {Farag, A.; Eid, A.;}, title = {A silhouette-contour based 3-D registration methodology as a pre-evaluation step of 3-D reconstruction techniques}, booktitle = {Image Processing, 2005. ICIP 2005. IEEE International Conference on Volume 3, 11-14 Sept. 2005 Page(s):II - 505-8}, year = {2005}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Fayad2005, author = {J. Badawi-Fayad and C. Yazbeck and A. Balzeau and T. H. Nguyen and A. Istoc and D. Grimaud-Hervé and E- A Cabanis}, title = {{M}ulti-detector row {CT} scanning in {P}aleoanthropology at various tube current settings and scanning mode.}, journal = {Surg Radiol Anat}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {536--543}, number = {6}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal tube current setting and scanning mode for hominid fossil skull scanning, using multi-detector row computed tomography (CT). Four fossil skulls (La Ferrassie 1, Abri Pataud 1, CroMagnon 2 and Cro-Magnon 3) were examined by using the CT scanner LightSpeed 16 (General Electric Medical Systems) with varying dose per section (160, 250, and 300 mAs) and scanning mode (helical and conventional). Image quality of two-dimensional (2D) multiplanar reconstructions, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions and native images was assessed by four reviewers using a four-point grading scale. An ANOVA (analysis of variance) model was used to compare the mean score for each sequence and the overall mean score according to the levels of the scanning parameters. Compared with helical CT (mean score=12.03), the conventional technique showed sustained poor image quality (mean score=4.17). With the helical mode, we observed a better image quality at 300 mAs than at 160 in the 3D sequences (P=0.03). Whereas in native images, a reduction in the effective tube current induced no degradation in image quality (P=0.05). Our study suggests a standardized protocol for fossil scanning with a 16 x 0.625 detector configuration, a 10 mm beam collimation, a 0.562:1 acquisition mode, a 0.625/0.4 mm slice thickness/reconstruction interval, a pitch of 5.62, 120 kV and 300 mAs especially when a 3D study is required.}, doi = {10.1007/s00276-005-0041-4}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Dental Models, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Microscopy, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Photogrammetry, Research Support, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, Zebrafish, n, 16211320}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16211320}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-005-0041-4}, } @ARTICLE{Feng2005, author = {Jun Feng and Shuk Han Cheng and Po K Chan and Horace H S Ip}, title = {{R}econstruction and representation of caudal vasculature of zebrafish embryo from confocal scanning laser fluorescence microscopic images.}, journal = {Comput Biol Med}, year = {2005}, volume = {35}, pages = {915--931}, number = {10}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from a series of sections is an important technique in medical imaging, particularly for visualization of blood vessels from angiography. Here, we present a framework for automatic segmentation and registration of different kind of blood vessels from 2-day-old zebrafish embryos. Series of optical sections were acquired from confocal microscopy with the blood vessels labeled by fluorescent microbeads (0.02 microm) injected into blood stream of 2-day-old zebrafish embryos. Blood vessels were extracted and their morphological parameters, including length and diameter, were calculated. At the same time, individual blood vessels were registered automatically. Vasculature was represented by attributed vessel represent graph (AVRG), which contained morphological data and connectivity of every blood vessel. Using AVRG to represent a vasculature made the comparison between vasculatures of different embryos more easy. Visualization, as well as quantification, of reconstructed 3D model of AVRG was presented in an interactive interface. The framework was implemented by Visual C++ as Windows-based program.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2004.05.003}, keywords = {Animals, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Fluorescence, Image Processing, Microscopy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Zebrafish, 16263106}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0010-4825(04)00073-3}, pmid = {16263106}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2004.05.003}, } @ARTICLE{Ferrer2005, author = {Virginia Ruiz-Ferrer and Jasminka Boskovic and Carlos Alfonso and Germán Rivas and Oscar Llorca and Dionisio López-Abella and Juan José López-Moya}, title = {{S}tructural analysis of tobacco etch potyvirus {HC}-pro oligomers involved in aphid transmission.}, journal = {J Virol}, year = {2005}, volume = {79}, pages = {3758--3765}, number = {6}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {Oligomeric forms of the HC-Pro protein of the tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) have been analyzed by analytical ultracentrifugation and single-particle electron microscopy combined with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Highly purified HC-Pro protein was obtained from plants infected with TEV by using a modified version of the virus that incorporates a histidine tag at the HC-Pro N terminus (hisHC-Pro). The purified protein retained a high biological activity in solution when tested for aphid transmission. Sedimentation equilibrium showed that the hisHC-Pro preparations were heterogeneous in size. Sedimentation velocity confirmed the previous observation and revealed that the active protein solution contained several sedimenting species compatible with dimers, tetramers, hexamers, and octamers of the protein. Electron microscopy fields of purified protein showed particles of different sizes and shapes. The reconstructed 3D structures suggested that the observed particles could correspond to dimeric, tetrameric, and hexameric forms of the protein. A model of the interactions required for oligomerization of the HC-Pro of potyviruses is proposed.}, doi = {10.1128/JVI.79.6.3758-3765.2005}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Molecular, N.I.H., Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Weight-Bearing, 15731269}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {79/6/3758}, pmid = {15731269}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.6.3758-3765.2005}, } @ARTICLE{Fetita2005, author = {C. Fetita and S. Mancini and D. Perchet and F. Prêteux and M. Thiriet and L. Vial}, title = {{A}n image-based computational model of oscillatory flow in the proximal part of tracheobronchial trees.}, journal = {Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin}, year = {2005}, volume = {8}, pages = {279--293}, number = {4}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {A computational model of an oscillatory laminar flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid has been carried out in the proximal part of human tracheobronchial trees, either normal or with a strongly stenosed right main bronchus. After acquisition with a multislice spiral CT, the thoracic images are processed to reconstruct the geometry of the trachea and the first six bronchus generations and to virtually travel inside this duct network. The facetisation associated with the 3D reconstruction of the tracheobronchial tree is improved to get a computation-adapted surface triangulation, which leads to a volumic mesh composed of tetrahedra. The Navier-Stokes equations associated with the classical boundary conditions and different values of the flow dimensionless parameters are solved using the finite element method. The airways are supposed to be rigid during rest breathing. The flow distribution among the set of bronchi is determined during the respiratory cycle. Cycle reproducibility and mesh size effects on the numerical results are examined. Helpful qualitative data are provided rather than accurate quantitative results in the context of multimodelling, from image processing to numerical simulations.}, doi = {10.1080/10255840500289624}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Blood Volume, Bronchi, Bronchoscopy, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Robotics, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Trachea, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16298850}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {K454726307N86025}, pmid = {16298850}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255840500289624}, } @ARTICLE{Frauenkron1996, author = {Helge Frauenkron and Peter Grassberger}, title = {Interaction of Nonlinear Schr}, year = {1996}, citeseercitationcount = {0}, citeseerurl = {http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/3.html}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Frey2006, author = {Margo T Frey and Irene Y Tsai and Thomas P Russell and Steven K Hanks and Yu-Li Wang}, title = {{C}ellular {R}esponses to {S}ubstrate {T}opography: {R}ole of {M}yosin {II} and {F}ocal {A}dhesion {K}inase.}, journal = {Biophys J}, year = {2006}, volume = {90}, pages = {3774--3782}, number = {10}, month = {May}, abstract = {Although two-dimensional cultures have been used extensively in cell biological research, most cells in vivo exist in a three-dimensional environment with complex topographical features, which may account for at least part of the striking differences between cells grown in vivo and in vitro. To investigate how substrate topography affects cell shape and movement, we plated fibroblasts on chemically identical polystyrene substrates with either flat surfaces or micron-sized pillars. Compared to cells on flat surfaces, 3T3 cells on pillar substrates showed a more branched shape, an increased linear speed, and a decreased directional stability. These responses may be attributed to stabilization of cell adhesion on pillars coupled to myosin II-dependent contractions toward pillars. Moreover, using FAK-/- fibroblasts we showed that focal adhesion kinase, or FAK, is essential for the responses to substrate topography. We propose that increased surface contact provided by topographic features guides cell migration by regulating the strength of local adhesions and contractions, through a FAK- and myosin II-dependent mechanism.}, doi = {10.1529/biophysj.105.074526}, keywords = {16500965}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {biophysj.105.074526}, pmid = {16500965}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.074526}, } @ARTICLE{Fristrup2004, author = {C. W. Fristrup and T. Pless and J. Durup and M. B. Mortensen and H. O. Nielsen and C. P. Hovendal}, title = {{A} new method for three-dimensional laparoscopic ultrasound model reconstruction.}, journal = {Surg Endosc}, year = {2004}, volume = {18}, pages = {1601--1604}, number = {11}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic ultrasound is an important modality in the staging of gastrointestinal tumors. Correct staging depends on good spatial understanding of the regional tumor infiltration. Three-dimensional (3D) models may facilitate the evaluation of tumor infiltration. The aim of the study was to perform a volumetric test and a clinical feasibility test of a new 3D method using standard laparoscopic ultrasound equipment. METHODS: Three-dimensional models were reconstructed from a series of two-dimensional ultrasound images using either electromagnetic tracking or a new 3D method. The volumetric accuracy of the new method was tested ex vivo, and the clinical feasibility was tested on a small series of patients. RESULTS: Both electromagnetic tracked reconstructions and the new 3D method gave good volumetric information with no significant difference. Clinical use of the new 3D method showed accurate models comparable to findings at surgery and pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the new 3D method is technically feasible, and its volumetrically, accurate compared to 3D with electromagnetic tracking.}, doi = {10.1007/s00464-003-9282-7}, keywords = {Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Male, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Research Support, Software, Spiral Ganglion, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, ll Count, 15931487}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15931487}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-003-9282-7}, } @ARTICLE{Fuente2005, author = {de la Fuente, M.; Ohnsorge, J.A.K.; Schkommodau, E.; Jetzki, S.; Wirtz, D.C.; Radermacher, K.;}, title = {Fluoroscopy-based 3-D reconstruction of femoral bone cement: a new approach for revision total hip replacement}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {52}, pages = {664 - 675}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Galantucci2006, author = {L. M. Galantucci and G. Percoco and G. Angelelli and C. Lopez and F. Introna and C. Liuzzi and A. De Donno}, title = {{R}everse engineering techniques applied to a human skull, for {CAD} 3{D} reconstruction and physical replication by rapid prototyping.}, journal = {J Med Eng Technol}, year = {2006}, volume = {30}, pages = {102--111}, number = {2}, abstract = {The production of a copy of an existing object of complex shape is one of the typical applications of the integration between two modern computer-based technologies, reverse engineering (RE) and rapid prototyping (RP). The method is extremely versatile and can be used in various applicative domains (e.g. replacement of anatomical parts with artificial prostheses, replication of skeletal remains). Two different acquisition techniques of images of a skull, by laser and by CT scan, were compared to ascertain which enabled more accurate reproduction of the original specimen. The skull was chosen due to it being the body part most often used in medico-legal investigations (for personal identification, skull-photo superimposition techniques, forensic art, etc). Comparison between the copy and the original yielded satisfactory results for both techniques. However, CT scanning demonstrated some advantages over the laser technique, as it provided a cleaner point cloud, enabling shorter pre-reproduction processing times, as well as data on the internal parts, which resulted in the reproduction of a more faithful copy.}, doi = {10.1080/03091900500131714}, keywords = {16531350}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {W851388061124T25}, pmid = {16531350}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091900500131714}, } @ARTICLE{Gao2005, author = {Jianxin Gao and Wei Xu and Jianping Geng}, title = {{U}se of shadow-speckle correlation method for 3{D} tooth model reconstruction.}, journal = {Int J Prosthodont}, year = {2005}, volume = {18}, pages = {436--437}, number = {5}, abstract = {This study presents a method of using shadow-speckle correlation to reconstruct a 3-dimensional (3D) tooth model. Compared with other methods based on laser or optical geometric measurements, the shadow-speckle method overcomes their limitations by using a digital image correlation to reconstruct a 3D tooth model. Using plaster models 4 times the normal tooth size showed that the accuracy of the reconstructed model was estimated at roughly 30 microm, which potentially could be used in direct intraoral applications.}, keywords = {Animals, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Dental Models, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Microscopy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Three-Dimensional, Zebrafish, 16220812}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16220812}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Gao2002, author = {Shuang Gao and Ya-zhu Chen and Yang-hua Ni}, title = {[{T}he development of 3{D} {US} system for treating target localization in focused ultrasound surgery]}, journal = {Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi}, year = {2002}, volume = {26}, pages = {167--169}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) is a promising minimally invasive technique in tissue ablation. Because of the high intensity at the ultrasound focus, a precise 3D-localization system is required to determine the site of the treating target in order to increase the efficiency and security of FUS. This paper represents a three dimensional ultrasound (3D US) localization system developed and its workflow. The system is mainly composed of imaging and image processing system, movement device and its controlling circuits, and position feedback device. The system has a maximum scan range of +/- 30 degrees with a resolution of 8 levels from 0.54' to 0.36 degrees. For a spherical shape like target, in theory, the maximum diameter is 160 mm the system can treat. The system can be used to localize precisely the treatment targets with general sizes in the suitable parts of the body in FUS.}, keywords = {Aged, Algorithms, Anatomy, Aorta, Aortography, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Brachytherapy, Carotid Stenosis, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Cross-Sectional, Diagnosis, Dose Fractionation, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fluoroscopy, Fourier Analysis, Humans, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Induced, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intraoperative Period, Iodine Radioisotopes, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Middle Aged, N.I.H., Neoplasms, Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, P.H.S., Palladium, Phantoms, Photoreceptors, Prognosis, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radioisotopes, Radiometry, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Rectum, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Sample Size, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Shear Strength, Signal Processing, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Temperature, Three-Dim, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Vertebrate, Water, X-Ray Computed, ensional, 16104296}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16104296}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Garcia2005, author = {Julian P S Garcia and Patricia M T Garcia and Richard B Rosen and Paul T Finger}, title = {{O}ptic nerve measurements by 3{D} ultrasound-based coronal "{C}-scan" imaging.}, journal = {Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging}, year = {2005}, volume = {36}, pages = {142--146}, number = {2}, abstract = {Twenty-three normal eyes were examined with the Intensity Profiling technique of 3D I-Scan and 52 normal eyes with the Automated technique of OTI-Scan 1000 ultrasound systems (Ophthalmic Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada). With the eye looking straight, the probe was applied on the temporal sclera. Scanning generated 3D image files. Coronal optic nerve measurements were obtained 3 mm behind the globe. The mean optic nerve sheath diameter was 4.8 mm (standard deviation = 0.6; range, 3.9 to 5.9 mm) with the Intensity Profiling technique, and 5.4 mm (standard deviation = 0.4; range, 4.4 to 6.0 mm) with the Automated technique. 3D ultrasound imaging can be used to obtain optic nerve measurements in vivo. Both the Intensity Profiling and the Automated techniques yielded measurements similar to current magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan reports. Coronal "C-scan" sectioning can be used as a screening tool to measure optic nerve diameter prior to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.}, keywords = {80 and over, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Aneurysm, Angiography, Animals, Ankle Injuries, Bone, Bone Screws, Cadaver, Carotid Artery, Carotid Artery Diseases, Common, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Dogs, Elbow Joint, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Femur, Fluoroscopy, Foot Injuries, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Internal, Intraoperative Period, Male, Middle Aged, Non-U.S. Gov't, Optic Nerve, Prospective Studies, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Ultrasonography, X-Ray Computed, 15792316}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15792316}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Garcia2006, author = {J. García and A. Crespo and J. Goicolea and M. Sanmartín and C. García}, title = {{S}tudy of the evolution of the shear stress on the restenosis after coronary angioplasty.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2006}, volume = {39}, pages = {799--805}, number = {5}, abstract = {In this article, we analyze the influence of fluid dynamics variables on the development of obstructive coronary artery disease in the medium term after percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation. We have analyzed a group of seven patients and the study is focused on the mid-right coronary artery. In these patients we have studied the relationship between wall shear stress and arterial wall thickness both immediately after stent implantation and six months later. The realistic three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the arteries is performed with the data obtained with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and angiography. The commercial code Fluent is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Special attention is paid to the shear stress on the wall arteries and the corresponding thickness. The results show that there is a negative correlation for most of the cases between the wall shear stress and increase in wall thickness. A model is proposed to study the instability at the wall, and qualitative agreement is found.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.005}, keywords = {16488219}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021-9290(05)00093-X}, pmid = {16488219}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.005}, } @ARTICLE{Garson2005, author = {S. Garson and E. Delay and R. Sinna and S. Carton and T. Delaporte and K. Chekaroua}, title = {[3 {D} evaluation and breast plastic surgery: preliminary study]}, journal = {Ann Chir Plast Esthet}, year = {2005}, volume = {50}, pages = {296--308}, number = {4}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {Due to the development of the invasive technique of digital exam, the three-dimensional results are more and more precise, spectacular and helpful. The 3D surfacic model is for a medical approach and non invasive. Early in 2003, we have started a patient evaluation before and after surgery. The most common surgical techniques from the breast reconstruction to the breast augmentation and the lipomodeling have been analyzed. This preliminary study has shown objectively some surgical rules and volumetric results. Those results are the elements of the future development of the 3D surfacic model in plastic surgery.}, doi = {10.1016/j.anplas.2005.04.007}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Breast, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, English Abstract, Extramural, Female, Femur Head, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Pathologic, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16039770}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0294-1260(05)00070-1}, pmid = {16039770}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2005.04.007}, } @ARTICLE{Gasparovic2005, author = {Hrvoje Gasparovic and Frank J Rybicki and John Millstine and Daniel Unic and John G Byrne and Kent Yucel and Tomislav Mihaljevic}, title = {{T}hree dimensional computed tomographic imaging in planning the surgical approach for redo cardiac surgery after coronary revascularization.}, journal = {Eur J Cardiothorac Surg}, year = {2005}, volume = {28}, pages = {244--249}, number = {2}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Reoperative cardiac surgery after previous coronary artery bypass grafting represents a surgical challenge due to the potential for injury to patent coronary grafts, aorta or right ventricle. Standard preoperative imaging using a coronary angiogram and chest radiograph (CXR) often results in inaccurate assessment of mediastinal anatomy. We aimed to evaluate 3D volume rendered computed tomographic imaging as an adjunct to standard preoperative assessment of patients requiring cardiac surgery in whom coronary artery revascularization had been performed in the past. METHODS: Between January 2003 and January 2004, 33 patients with previous coronary revascularization referred for reoperative cardiac surgery underwent preoperative 3D CT imaging in order to optimize the surgical approach. The mean age in this patient population was 72+/-8 years. The combined evaluation of CXR and conventional angiography offered incomplete insight into pertinent mediastinal topography in 85\% of patients (28/33). RESULTS: The correlations for distances of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending artery (LAD) graft from the midline and posterior sternum obtained by CT angiography (CTA) and CXR were poor, R=0.56 and 0.49, respectively. The correlation coefficients for distances between the right ventricle and the aorta to the sternum obtained by the same methods were similarly marginal, 0.58 and 0.48, respectively. The correlation coefficients for distances between the LIMA to LAD, circumflex and right coronary artery grafts from the midline obtained by CTA and conventional angiography were 0.54, -0.13 and 0.43, respectively. In seven patients (21\%) the surgical strategy was modified based on the location of patent grafts in the mediastinum. The hospital mortality was 17\% (5/29). Intraoperative injuries to vital structures were encountered in two patients (7\%). No injuries to patent LIMA or the aorta were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D CT imaging technique is useful in defining the optimal surgical strategy for reoperative cardiac surgery. We found that CTA is superior to CXR and conventional angiography in defining the position of patent grafts and vital structures in relation to the midline and posterior sternum. Preoperative mapping of patent coronary grafts and other vital mediastinal structures reduces the morbidity of the reoperation through modification of surgical approaches.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.03.024}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anatomy, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Aortography, Atomic Force, Biomechanics, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Case-Control Studies, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Child, Chitosan, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Sectional, Cultured, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Embryo, Embryonic Development, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extracellular Matrix, Extramural, Female, Fourier Analysis, Gentamicins, Head, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Male, Mammary Arteries, Meniere's Disease, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Movement, Muscles, Myocardial Revascularization, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonmammalian, Notochord, Nystagmus, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, Optokinetic, P.H.S., Photoreceptors, Polyesters, Postoperative Complications, Protein Conformation, Radiography, Receptors, Reoperation, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Retrospective Studies, Scapula, Scoliosis, Solutions, Thoracic, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Turkeys, U.S. Gov't, Umbilical Veins, Vertebrate, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray Computed, 15993621}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1010-7940(05)00235-6}, pmid = {15993621}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.03.024}, } @CONFERENCE{Gasteratos2000, author = {Gasteratos, A.; Martinotti, R.; Metta, G.; Sandini, G.;}, title = {Precise 3D measurements with a high resolution stereo head}, booktitle = {Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, 2000. IWISPA 2000. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on 14-15 June 2000 Page(s):171 - 176}, year = {2000}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Gohlke2005, author = {Ulrich Gohlke and Lee Pullan and Christopher A McDevitt and Ida Porcelli and Erik de Leeuw and Tracy Palmer and Helen R Saibil and Ben C Berks}, title = {{T}he {T}at{A} component of the twin-arginine protein transport system forms channel complexes of variable diameter.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, year = {2005}, volume = {102}, pages = {10482--10486}, number = {30}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {The Tat system mediates Sec-independent transport of folded precursor proteins across the bacterial plasma membrane or the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Tat transport involves distinct high-molecular-weight TatA and TatBC complexes. Here we report the 3D architecture of the TatA complex from Escherichia coli obtained by single-particle electron microscopy and random conical tilt reconstruction. TatA forms ring-shaped structures of variable diameter in which the internal channels are large enough to accommodate known Tat substrate proteins. This morphology strongly supports the proposal that TatA forms the protein-conducting channel of the Tat system. One end of the channel is closed by a lid that might gate access to the channel. On the basis of previous protease accessibility measurements, the lid is likely to be located at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The observed variation in TatA diameter suggests a model for Tat transport in which the number of TatA protomers changes to match the size of the channel to the size of the substrate being transported. Such dynamic close packing would provide a mechanism to maintain the membrane permeability barrier during transport.}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0503558102}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Breast, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Electron, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Female, Femur Head, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Pathologic, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16027357}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {0503558102}, pmid = {16027357}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503558102}, } @ARTICLE{Guidi2004, author = {Guidi, G.; Beraldin, J.-A.; Atzeni, C.;}, title = {High-accuracy 3D modeling of cultural heritage: the digitizing of Donatello's "Maddalena"}, journal = {Image Processing, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {13}, pages = {370 - 380}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Guidi2003a, author = {Guidi, G.; Beraldin, J.-A.; Ciofi, S.; Atzeni, C.;}, title = {Fusion of range camera and photogrammetry: a systematic procedure for improving 3-D models metric accuracy}, journal = {Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2003}, volume = {33}, pages = {667 - 676}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Guidi2003, author = {Guidi, G.; Cioci, A.; Atzeni, C.; Beraldin, J.-A.;}, title = {Accuracy verification and enhancement in 3D modeling: application to Donatello's Maddalena}, booktitle = {3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2003. 3DIM 2003. Proceedings. Fourth International Conference on 2003 Page(s):334 - 341}, year = {2003}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Guidi2001, author = {Guidi, G.; Pieraccini, M.; Ciofi, S.; Damato, V.; Beraldin, J.-A.; Atzeni, C.;}, title = {Tridimensional digitizing of Donatello's Maddalena}, booktitle = {Image Processing, 2001. Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on Volume 1, 7-10 Oct. 2001 Page(s):578 - 581 vol.1}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{, author = {Guotao Wang, Caroline Merrill, Jie-Hua Zhao, Steven K. Groothuis and Paul S. Ho}, title = {Packaging Effects on Reliability of Cu/Low-k Interconnects}, journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY}, year = {2003}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, month = {DECEMBER}, abstract = {Abstract—Chip-packaging interaction is becoming a critical reliability issue for Cu/low- chips during assembly into a plastic flip-chip package. With the traditional TEOS interlevel dielectric being replaced by much weaker low- dielectrics, packaging induced interfacial delamination in low- interconnects has been widely observed, raising serious reliability concerns for Cu/lowchips. In a flip-chip package, the thermal deformation of the package can be directly coupled into the Cu/low- interconnect structure inducing large local deformation to drive interfacial crack formation. In this paper, we summarize experimental and modeling results from studies performed in our laboratory to investigate the chip-package interaction and its impact on lowinterconnect reliability. We first review the experimental techniques for measuring thermal deformation in a flip-chip package and interfacial fracture energy for low- interfaces. Then results from three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) based on a multilevel submodeling approach in combination with high-resolution moiré interferometry to investigate the chip-package interaction for low- interconnects are discussed. Packaging induced crack driving forces for relevant interfaces in Cu/lowstructures are deduced and compared with corresponding interfaces in Cu/TEOS and Al/TEOS structures to assess the effect of ILD on packaging reliability. Our results indicate that packaging assembly can significantly impact wafer-level reliability causing interfacial delamination to become a serious reliability concern for Cu/low- structures.}, owner = {Administrator}, pdf = {C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Seminario\biblio\01261725.pdf}, timestamp = {2006.04.27}, } @ARTICLE{Hackenbroch2005, author = {M. Hackenbroch and K. Nehrke and J. Gieseke and C. Meyer and K. Tiemann and H. Litt and O. Dewald and C. P. Naehle and H. Schild and T. Sommer}, title = {3{D} motion adapted gating (3{D} {MAG}): a new navigator technique for accelerated acquisition of free breathing navigator gated 3{D} coronary {MR}-angiography.}, journal = {Eur Radiol}, year = {2005}, volume = {15}, pages = {1598--1606}, number = {8}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a new navigator technique (3D MAG) on navigator efficiency, total acquisition time, image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Fifty-six patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent free breathing navigator gated coronary MRA (Intera, Philips Medical Systems, 1.5 T, spatial resolution 0.9x0.9x3 mm3) with and without 3D MAG. Evaluation of both sequences included: 1) navigator scan efficiency, 2) total acquisition time, 3) assessment of image quality and 4) detection of stenoses >50\%. Average navigator efficiencies of the LCA and RCA were 43+/-12\% and 42+/-12\% with and 36+/-16\% and 35+/-16\% without 3D MAG (P<0.01). Scan time was reduced from 12 min 7 s without to 8 min 55 s with 3D MAG for the LCA and from 12 min 19 s to 9 min 7 s with 3D MAG for the RCA (P<0.01). The average scores of image quality of the coronary MRAs with and without 3D MAG were 3.5+/-0.79 and 3.46+/-0.84 (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the sensitivity and specificity in the detection of coronary artery stenoses between coronary MRAs with and without 3D MAG (P>0.05). 3D MAG provides accelerated acquisition of navigator gated coronary MRA by about 19\% while maintaining image quality and diagnostic accuracy.}, doi = {10.1007/s00330-005-2731-z}, keywords = {-Dimensional, Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Antigens, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Bioreactors, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Bone Screws, CD34, Calibration, Cardiology, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Child, Chorionic Villi Sampling, Com, Comparative Study, Complete, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Conformal, Contrast Media, Cultured, Data Display, Dental Models, Dental Porcelain, Denture, Denture Design, Diuretics, Dose-Response Relationship, Down Syndrome, Echocardiography, Education, Endothelium, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Facial Bones, False Positive Reactions, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fetal Blood, Fluoroscopy, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Furosemide, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Internal, Intraoperative, Karyotyping, Kidney Calculi, Lasers, Leukocytes, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lung Neoplasms, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Maxilla, Maxillofacial Development, Medical, Middle Aged, Mo, Models, Moire Topography, Monitoring, Monozygotic, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nasal Bone, Nephrostomy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nuchal Translucency Measurement, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Patient Care Planning, Pattern Recognition, Percutaneous, Periodontal Diseases, Phantoms, Phenotype, Photometry, Pilot Projects, Positron-Emission Tomography, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Prenatal, Radiation, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiography, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reproducibility of Results, Research Supp, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Rotation, Second, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spondylolisthesis, Statistical, Stochastic Processes, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Thoracic, Three, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Twins, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Umbilical Cord, Undergraduate, User-Computer Interface, Vascular, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2, Weightlessness Simulation, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, nonuclear, ort, parative Study, 15815910}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15815910}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-2731-z}, } @ARTICLE{Hagen2005, author = {G. Hagen and P. G. Lindgren and L. Jangland and P. Magnusson and A. Magnusson}, title = {{A}rtifacts in 3{D} rotational angiography: an experimental study.}, journal = {Acta Radiol}, year = {2005}, volume = {46}, pages = {32--36}, number = {1}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate artifacts in three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) in an experimental model and to evaluate which parameters influence their distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 3D-RA was carried out in a circular vessel phantom filled with contrast medium. Two different rotational angulations were used: 160 degrees causing 64 images and 180 degrees causing 90 or 120 images. The images were transferred to one workstation for reconstruction of axial slices and then to another workstation for 3D reconstructions. The 3D reconstructions were compared with standardized threshold settings. RESULTS: The artifacts occurred where the vessel had a longer path parallel to the rotation plane and became increasingly pronounced when the threshold level was raised. The artifacts decreased in size when rotation angle and number of projections were increased. CONCLUSION: The quality of the 3D reconstructions from RA was degraded by beam-hardening and sampling artifacts. The sampling artifacts were diminished by increasing both the rotation angle and the number of projections. The distortions in the 3D reconstructions caused by beam-hardening remain to be resolved. The threshold values also had a considerable influence on the 3D reconstructions.}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Bone Substitutes, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Durapatite, Equipment Failure Analysis, Face, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Metals, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15841737}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15841737}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Hayashibe2002, author = {Mitsuhiro Hayashibe and Naoki Suzuki and Yoshihiko Nakamura and Asaki Hattori and Shigeyuki Suzuki}, title = {{I}ntraoperative 3{D} shape recovery of abdominal organs for laparoscopic data fusion.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2002}, volume = {85}, pages = {188--194}, abstract = {Precise measurements of geometry should accompany robotic equipments in operating rooms if their advantages are further pursued. For deforming organs including the liver, intraoperative geometric measurements play an essential role in computer surgery in addition to pre-operative geometric information from CT/MRI. The laser-scan endoscope system acquires and visualizes the shape of the area of interest in a flash of time. Results of in-vivo experiments on the liver of a pig verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. In the next stage, we aim to make a data-fusion in laparoscopy.}, keywords = {Abdominal Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Animals, Child, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Echo-Planar Imaging, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Liver, Lymph Nodes, Male, Middle Aged, Numerical Analysis, Preschool, Radiologic, Reproducibility of Results, Respiration, Robotics, Surgery, Swine, Technology, Thoracic Neoplasms, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, 15458084}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15458084}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{Hellier2000, author = {Hellier, P.; Barillot, C.; Memin, E.; Perez, P.;}, title = {An energy-based framework for dense 3D registration of volumetric brain images}, booktitle = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2000. Proceedings. IEEE Conference on Volume 2, 13-15 June 2000 Page(s):270 - 275 vol.2}, year = {2000}, journal = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2000. Proceedings. IEEE Conference on Volume 2, 13-15 June 2000 Page(s):270 - 275 vol.2}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Henry2006, author = {Ann M Henry and Julia Stratford and Claire McCarthy and Julie Davies and Jonathan R Sykes and Ali Amer and Tom Marchant and Richard Cowan and James Wylie and John Logue and Jacqueline Livsey and Vincent S Khoo and Chris Moore and Pat Price}, title = {{X}-ray volume imaging in bladder radiotherapy verification.}, journal = {Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys}, year = {2006}, volume = {64}, pages = {1174--1178}, number = {4}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To assess the clinical utility of X-ray volume imaging (XVI) for verification of bladder radiotherapy and to quantify geometric error in bladder radiotherapy delivery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty subjects undergoing conformal bladder radiotherapy were recruited. X-ray volume images and electronic portal images (EPIs) were acquired for the first 5 fractions and then once weekly. X-ray volume images were co-registered with the planning computed tomography scan and clinical target volume coverage assessed in three dimensions (3D). Interfraction bladder volume change was described by quantifying changes in bladder volume with time. Bony setup errors were compared from both XVI and EPI. RESULTS: The bladder boundary was clearly visible on coronal XVI views in nearly all images, allowing accurate 3D treatment verification. In 93.5\% of imaged fractions, the clinical target volume was within the planning target volume. Most subjects displayed consistent bladder volumes, but 25\% displayed changes that could be predicted from the first three XVIs. Bony setup errors were similar whether calculated from XVI or EPI. CONCLUSIONS: Coronal XVI can be used to verify 3D bladder radiotherapy delivery. Image-guided interventions to reduce geographic miss and normal tissue toxicity are feasible with this technology.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.09.044}, keywords = {16376494}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0360-3016(05)02730-6}, pmid = {16376494}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.09.044}, } @ARTICLE{Hill2002, author = {D. L. Hill and D. C. Berg and V. J. Raso and E. Lou and N. G. Durdle and J. K. Mahood and M. J. Moreau}, title = {{E}valuation of a laser scanner for surface topography.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2002}, volume = {88}, pages = {90--94}, abstract = {A Minolta VIVID 700 portable non-contact 3D laser scanner was evaluated on 15 subjects with idiopathic scoliosis. The 3D map was compared to two structured light pattern (lines and dots) techniques to determine the reliability, ease of use, speed, and quality. The parameters used for the clinical assessment of scoliosis were measured twice for the Minolta and light projection systems. The edges of the image and areas where occlusion typically occur were examined. The absolute distance in calculated depth between adjacent points was examined to determine errors. The Minolta system and the dot pattern produced regular grids of points. The light projection pattern produced an irregular grid, with more resolution along the video line and less resolution between projected lines, resulted in a somewhat jagged appearance of the surface map. The Minolta system was less sensitive to edge effects, occlusion, and sharp transitions of depth. The comparison of clinical parameters showed good results between repetitions but moderate results between techniques.}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cartilage, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Child, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer G, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Dermoscopy, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Follow-Up Studies, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Implanted, Incisor, Infant, Inferior, Lasers, Laterality, Liver, Liver Circulation, Lumbar Vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Mathematical Computing, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Mid, Middle Aged, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Neocortex, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, O, Optical, Orbit, Osteoarthritis, P.H.S., Partial, Phantoms, Physics, Portal Vein, Postoperative Complications, Preschool, Pseudopodia, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Skin, Skin Aging, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Subdural Space, Surface Properties, Swine, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Thumb, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, dle Aged, ptical, raphics, 15456009}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15456009}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Hollister2005, author = {S. J. Hollister and C. Y. Lin and E. Saito and C. Y. Lin and R. D. Schek and J. M. Taboas and J. M. Williams and B. Partee and C. L. Flanagan and A. Diggs and E. N. Wilke and G. H. Van Lenthe and R. Müller and T. Wirtz and S. Das and S. E. Feinberg and P. H. Krebsbach}, title = {{E}ngineering craniofacial scaffolds.}, journal = {Orthod Craniofac Res}, year = {2005}, volume = {8}, pages = {162--173}, number = {3}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To develop an integrated approach for engineering craniofacial scaffolds and to demonstrate that these engineered scaffolds would have mechanical properties in the range of craniofacial tissue and support bone regeneration for craniofacial reconstruction. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Scaffold architecture designed to achieve desired elasticity and permeability. Scaffold external shape designed to match craniofacial anatomy. OUTCOME MEASURE: Final fabricated biomaterial scaffolds. Compressive mechanical modulus and strength. Bone regeneration as measured by micro-CT scanning, mechanical testing and histology. SETTING: Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, and Oral Medicine, Pathology and Oncology at the University of Michigan. RESULTS: Results showed that the design/fabrication approach could create scaffolds with designed porous architecture to match craniofacial anatomy. These scaffolds could be fabricated from a wide range of biomaterials, including titanium, degradable polymers, and degradable calcium phosphate ceramics. Mechanical tests showed that fabricated scaffolds had compressive modulus ranging 50 to 2900 MPa and compressive strength ranging from 2 to over 56 MPa, within the range of human craniofacial trabecular bone. In vivo testing of designed scaffolds showed that they could support bone regeneration via delivery of BMP-7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts in a mouse model. Designed hydroxyapatite scaffolds with pore diameters ranging from 400 to 1200 microns were implanted in minipig mandibular defects for 6 and 18 weeks. Results showed substantial bone ingrowth (between 40 and 50\% at 6 weeks, between 70 and 80\% at 18 weeks) for all scaffolds, with no significant difference based on pore diameter. CONCLUSION: Integrated image-based design and solid free-form fabrication can create scaffolds that attain desired elasticity and permeability while fitting any 3D craniofacial defect. The scaffolds could be manufactured from degradable polymers, calcium phosphate ceramics and titanium. The designed scaffolds supported significant bone regeneration for all pore sizes ranging from 300 to 1200 microns. These results suggest that designed scaffolds are clinically applicable for complex craniofacial reconstruction.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00329.x}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, Breast, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electron, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Facial Bones, Female, Femur Head, Fibroblasts, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Miniature, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Pathologic, Permeability, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Skull, Statistical, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16022718}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {OCR329}, pmid = {16022718}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00329.x}, } @ARTICLE{Hu2006, author = {Y. Hu and G. H. Glover}, title = {{P}artial-k-space acquisition method for improved {SNR} efficiency and temporal resolution in 3{D} f{MRI}.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2006}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Previous studies have shown the relative importance of physiological noise and thermal noise in 2D MR images. Since physiological noise is proportional to the signal, it can be the dominant component at the center of k-space. In this study we demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency and temporal resolution for 3D functional MRI (fMRI) are increased by the use of a partial-k-space acquisition method. In partial-k-space methods, the high-spatial-frequency components are doubled in amplitude during reconstruction, resulting in twice as much noise from those components. However, in sum these contributions are relatively small compared to those at the low spatial frequencies, where physiological noise is dominant. Therefore, the effect on the final MR images is almost negligible due to the square summation rule. Thus, the partial-k-space 3D method sacrifices much less SNR than is expected from the thermal noise model, and the SNR efficiency is increased compared to a full-k-space acquisition since more time frames can be collected for the same scan time. Accordingly, the temporal resolution can be increased in 3D acquisitions because only partial coverage of k-space is necessary. Experimental results confirm that more activation with a higher average t-score is detected by this method. Magn Reson Med, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20877}, keywords = {16598724}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16598724}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20877}, } @ARTICLE{Hu2006a, author = {Y. Hu and G. H. Glover}, title = {{P}artial-k-space acquisition method for improved {SNR} efficiency and temporal resolution in 3{D} f{MRI}.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2006}, volume = {55}, pages = {1106--1113}, number = {5}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Previous studies have shown the relative importance of physiological noise and thermal noise in 2D MR images. Since physiological noise is proportional to the signal, it can be the dominant component at the center of k-space. In this study we demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency and temporal resolution for 3D functional MRI (fMRI) are increased by the use of a partial-k-space acquisition method. In partial-k-space methods, the high-spatial-frequency components are doubled in amplitude during reconstruction, resulting in twice as much noise from those components. However, in sum these contributions are relatively small compared to those at the low spatial frequencies, where physiological noise is dominant. Therefore, the effect on the final MR images is almost negligible due to the square summation rule. Thus, the partial-k-space 3D method sacrifices much less SNR than is expected from the thermal noise model, and the SNR efficiency is increased compared to a full-k-space acquisition since more time frames can be collected for the same scan time. Accordingly, the temporal resolution can be increased in 3D acquisitions because only partial coverage of k-space is necessary. Experimental results confirm that more activation with a higher average t-score is detected by this method. Magn Reson Med, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20877}, keywords = {16598724}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16598724}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20877}, } @ARTICLE{Huang2006, author = {Chun-Rong Huang and Pau-Choo Chung and Tong-Yee Lee and Sheng-Chih Yang and San-Kan Lee}, title = {{R}econstruction and rendering of microcalcifications from two mammogram views by modified projective grid space ({MPGS}).}, journal = {Comput Med Imaging Graph}, year = {2006}, volume = {30}, pages = {123--133}, number = {2}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {Mammograms taken by two views: cranio-caudal (CC) and medio-lateral oblique (MLO) views provide only 2D projections of the microcalcifications, which lack the depth information. Thus, envisioning the relative lesion location from mammograms is a challenge for radiologists. To assist radiologists in locating and rendering lesion tissues, a modified projective grid space (MPGS) scheme is proposed to reconstruct 3D microcalcifications. The MPGS scheme reconstructs 3D microcalcifications in a unique space defined by corresponding points and the epipoles retrieved from the fundamental matrix of the CC and MLO views. Since only corresponding points of images are required in the proposed MPGS scheme, we can avoid the difficulty associated with most reconstruction approaches that require prior complicated calibration of X-ray machine. Considering the deformation of the breast, a new method based on the concept of bundle adjustment is proposed to rectify the 3D locations of reconstructed microcalcifications by uncompressed breast model reconstructed from the real patient body using MPGS scheme with iterative closest point (ICP). Then, the reconstructed microcalcifications are augmented in the real patient body model to show their relative positions.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.12.003}, keywords = {16500078}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0895-6111(06)00004-8}, pmid = {16500078}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.12.003}, } @ARTICLE{Huang2002, author = {Xiaoyong Huang and Xiangge He and Xiaoling Tan}, title = {[{R}esearch of corneal ectasia following laser in-situ keratomileusis in rabbits]}, journal = {Yan Ke Xue Bao}, year = {2002}, volume = {18}, pages = {119--122}, number = {2}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship of the intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal ectasia in rabbits underwent laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: This random study comprised three groups: twenty-eight eyes of white rabbits underwent-3D to -10D myopic LASIK, twelve eyes underwent 3D to 10D myopic LASIK, twelve eyes served as controls. The rabbits were examined mask under general anesthesia pre- and post-operation. We investigated CCT, curvature and corneal ectasia of the rabbit at difference IOP level after the operation. Then the corneal conformation of rabbits was analyzed by topography modeling system (TMS). The pathological changes of the rabbit corneas were observed. The effect of the corneal thickness and IOP are analysed by statistical methods. RESULTS: The IOP and CCT are significantly correlated with the corneal ectasia respectively (P < 0.001) and together (P < 0.05). Keratoconus patterns were detected in rabbits by keratoconus screening system, and the pathological character of keratoconus was also found. CONCLUSION: The ablation depth of cornea and high IOP had a significant effect on corneal ectasia after LASIK treatment for myopia respectively and together. It suggested that the over ablation quantity on cornea and high IOP were the main reasons for keratoconus after LASIK.}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Articular, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cartilage, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Child, Collagen, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Implanted, Incisor, Infant, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Mid, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Neocortex, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, Osteoarthritis, P.H.S., Partial, Physics, Portal Vein, Preschool, Pseudopodia, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Subdural Space, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Thumb, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, dle Aged, 15510652}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15510652}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Huang2006a, author = {Yan Huang and Mbonda Siewe and Sundararajan V Madihally}, title = {{E}ffect of spatial architecture on cellular colonization.}, journal = {Biotechnol Bioeng}, year = {2006}, volume = {93}, pages = {64--75}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {The spatial cell-material interaction remains vital issue in forming biodegradable scaffolds in Tissue Engineering. In this study, to understand the influence of spatial architecture on cellular behavior, 2D and 3D chitosan scaffolds of 50-190 kD and >310 kD MW were synthesized through air drying and controlled rate freezing/lypohilization technique, respectively. In addition, chitosan was emulsified with 19, 76, and 160 kD 50:50 poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) using 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC) as stabilizer. 2D and 3D scaffolds were formed by air drying and lyophilization as before. Tensile and compressive properties of films and scaffolds were analyzed in wet conditions at 37 degrees C. Alterations in the cell spreading, proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were studied. These results showed that the formed 3D chitosan scaffolds had interconnected open pore architecture (50-200 microm size). HUVECs and MEFs had reduced spreading areas and circular morphology on 2D chitosan membranes compared with 3D chitosan scaffolds. The fluorescence photomicrographs for actin (using Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin) and cytoplasm staining (using carboxyfluorescein diacetate-succinimidyl ester) demonstrated that the cells spread within 3D chitosan matrix. 2D and 3D emulsified chitosan and chitosan/PLGA scaffolds reduced the spreading of HUVECs and MEFs even further. Proliferation results, analyzed via MTT-Formazan assay and BrdU uptake assay, correlated with the spreading characteristics. The reductions in cell spreading area on emulsified surfaces were not detrimental to the viability and endocytic activity but to proliferation. The observed alterations in cellular colonization are in part due to the substrate stiffness and surface topography. In summary, these results suggest a significant influence of spatial architecture on cellular colonization.}, doi = {10.1002/bit.20703}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Atomic Force, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Child, Chitosan, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extracellular Matrix, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Image Processing, Infant, Male, Meniere's Disease, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Polyesters, Protein Conformation, Receptors, Research Support, Scapula, Scoliosis, Solutions, Thoracic Vertebrae, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Umbilical Veins, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16142800}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16142800}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.20703}, } @CONFERENCE{Hui1993, author = {Hui Li; Manjunath, B.S.; Mitra, S.K.;}, title = {Registration of 3-D multimodality brain images by curve matching}, booktitle = {Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, 1993., 1993 IEEE Conference Record}, year = {1993}, journal = {Registration of 3-D multimodality brain images by curve matching}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Huysmans2005, author = {T. Huysmans and B. Haex and T. De Wilde and R. Van Audekercke and J. Vander Sloten and G. Van der Perre}, title = {{A} 3{D} active shape model for the evaluation of the alignment of the spine during sleeping.}, journal = {Gait Posture}, year = {2005}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {This paper explains how the shape of the spine can be evaluated from back surface measurements in a recumbent position, by using point distribution models (PDM) and typical shape variability of the spine in a lateral sleeping position. CT-scans of 12 volunteers were taken in this posture on a firm and a soft sleeping system to provide a training set for the PDM. Active shape models (ASM) were used to enhance the accuracy of the spinal reconstruction from measurements by limiting the shape of the spine to characteristic shapes from a biomechanical and/or clinical point of view. A comparison was made between calculated shapes, obtained from surface measurements, and those measured vertebral body centres (from CT-scans). An RMS accuracy of 2.6mm was obtained in 3D, and 1.8mm in frontal view, which was sufficient to compare spinal deformations of a subject on different sleeping systems.}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.07.002}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, English Abstract, Extramural, Femur Head, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Pathologic, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16112574}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0966-6362(05)00115-3}, pmid = {16112574}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.07.002}, } @ARTICLE{Ingels2005, author = {K. J A O Ingels}, title = {[3{D}-navigation in nasal sinus surgery]}, journal = {Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd}, year = {2005}, volume = {149}, pages = {1675--1681}, number = {30}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {Mechanical, infra-red and electrofrequency 3D-navigation equipment enables the visualisation of a probe in a patient in the three dimensions ofa CT-scan. Such a system guarantees better orientation in difficult anatomical areas. 3D navigation is particularly suitable for nasal-sinus surgery as the bony structures are reproduced in precise detail on a CT-scan and bone parameters do not change during operation. These technical developments mean that not only the indications for operation but also the surgical approach have greatly altered. In functional nasal-sinus surgery the aim is to open up the sinus by removing all those structures which may hinder drainage. The mucous membrane with its mucociliary transport is spared and goes on to heal. - Prior to operation the patient's anatomical landmarks are tracked and spatially linked to the corresponding points on the CT-scan. The coordinates of these points are registered on a computer. A probe is moved around within the spaces, its coordinates are calculated and their position shown on a CT-scan. The patient's head is fixed in a frame that is able to move with the head. The advantage of the 3D-navigation system is its surgical and anatomical orientation. Disadvantages are its cost and, to a lesser extent, time requirements and the size of the equipment.}, keywords = {Aged, Algorithms, Anatomy, Aorta, Aortography, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Brachytherapy, Carotid Stenosis, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Cross-Sectional, Diagnosis, Dose Fractionation, Endoscopes, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fluoroscopy, Fourier Analysis, Humans, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Induced, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intraoperative Period, Iodine Radioisotopes, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Middle Aged, N.I.H., Neoplasms, Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, P.H.S., Palladium, Paranasal Sinuses, Phantoms, Photoreceptors, Prognosis, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radioisotopes, Radiometry, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Rectum, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Sample Size, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Shear Strength, Signal Processing, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Temperature, Three-Dim, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Vertebrate, Water, X-Ray Computed, ensional, 16104113}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16104113}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Irarrazaval2005, author = {Pablo Irarrazaval and Redha Boubertakh and Reza Razavi and Derek Hill}, title = {{D}ynamic three-dimensional undersampled data reconstruction employing temporal registration.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2005}, volume = {54}, pages = {1207--1215}, number = {5}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {Dynamic 3D imaging is needed for many applications such as imaging of the heart, joints, and abdomen. For these, the contrast and resolution that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers are desirable. Unfortunately, the long acquisition time of MRI limits its application. Several techniques have been proposed to shorten the scan time by undersampling the k-space. To recover the missing data they make assumptions about the object's motion, restricting it in space, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, or a combination of space and temporal frequency. These assumptions limit the applicability of each technique. In this work we propose a reconstruction technique based on a weaker complementary assumption that restricts the motion in time. The technique exploits the redundancy of information in the object domain by predicting time frames from frames where there is little motion. The proposed method is well suited for several applications, in particular for cardiac imaging, considering that the heart remains relatively still during an important fraction of the cardiac cycle, or joint imaging where the motion can easily be controlled. This paper presents the new technique and the results of applying it to knee and cardiac imaging. The results show that the new technique can effectively reconstruct dynamic images acquired with an undersampling factor of 5. The resulting images suffer from little temporal and spatial blurring, significantly better than a sliding window reconstruction. An important attraction of the technique is that it combines reconstruction and registration, thus providing not only the 3D images but also its motion quantification. The method can be adapted to non-Cartesian k-space trajectories and nonuniform undersampling patterns.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20671}, keywords = {80 and over, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure, Alcoholism, Algorithms, Anatomic, Angiography, Ankle Joint, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Biomechanics, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Cine, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Corpus Callosum, Digital Subtraction, Dose Fractionation, Drug Administration Schedule, Echo-Planar Imaging, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Forecasting, Health Care, Humans, Hypertension, Hypertensive, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imagi, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Injections, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Kidney Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metas, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mediastinum, Middle Aged, Models, Movement, Multivariate Analysis, Muscle, N.I.H., Neoplasm Staging, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Phonetics, Positron-Emission Tomography, Principal Component Analysis, Probability, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality Assurance, ROC Curve, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reference Standards, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sample Size, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skeletal, Software Validation, Sound Spectrography, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tongue, Transducers, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, User-Computer Interface, Water, Whole Body Imaging, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, ng, s, tasis, 16187276}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16187276}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20671}, } @ARTICLE{Irene2005, author = {Irene Cheng; Boulanger, P.;}, title = {Feature extraction on 3-D TexMesh using scale-space analysis and perceptual evaluation}, journal = {Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {15}, pages = {1234 - 1244}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Isgum2004, author = {Ivana Isgum and Bram van Ginneken and Marco Olree}, title = {{A}utomatic detection of calcifications in the aorta from {CT} scans of the abdomen. 3{D} computer-aided diagnosis.}, journal = {Acad Radiol}, year = {2004}, volume = {11}, pages = {247--257}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Automated detection and quantification of arterial calcifications can facilitate epidemiologic research and, eventually, the use of full-body calcium scoring in clinical practice. An automatic computerized method to detect calcifications in CT scans is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty abdominal CT scans have been randomly selected from clinical practice. They all contained contrast material and belonged to one of four categories: containing "no," "small," "moderate," or "large" amounts of arterial calcification. There were ten scans in each category. The experiments were restricted to the vertical range from the point where the superior mesenteric artery branches off of the descending aorta until the first bifurcation of the iliac arteries. The automatic method starts by extracting all connected objects above 220 Hounsfield units (HU) from the scan. These objects include all calcifications, as well as bony structures and contrast material. To distinguish calcifications from non-calcifications, a number of features are calculated for each object. These features are based on the object's size, location, shape characteristics, and surrounding structures. Subsequently a classification of each object is performed in two stages. First the probability that an object represents a calcification is computed assuming a multivariate Gaussian distribution for the calcifications. Objects with low probability are discarded. The remaining objects are then classified into calcifications and non-calcifications using a 5-nearest-neighbor classifier and sequential forward feature selection. Based on the total volume of calcifications determined by the system, the scan is assigned to one of the four categories mentioned above. RESULTS: The 40 scans contained a total of 249 calcifications as determined by a human observer. The method detected 209 calcifications (sensitivity 83.9\%) at the expense of on average 1.0 false-positive object per scan. The correct category label was assigned to 30 scans and only 2 scans were off by more than one category. Most incorrect classifications can be attributed to the presence of contrast material in the scans. CONCLUSION: It is possible to identify the majority of arterial calcifications in abdominal CT scans in a completely automatic fashion with few false positive objects, even if the scans contain contrast material.}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdominal, Aged, Anastomosis, Aorta, Brachytherapy, Cholesteatoma, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Durapatite, Female, Femoral Artery, Humans, Imaging, Iodine Radioisotopes, Laparoscopes, Male, Mastoid, Middle Aged, Palladium, Phantoms, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radioisotopes, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Regeneration, Robotics, Surgical, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Vascular Patency, X-Ray Computed, 15035514}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15035514}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Ishiyama2005, author = {Ishiyama, R.; Hamanaka, M.; Sakamoto, S.;}, title = {An appearance model constructed on 3-D surface for robust face recognition against pose and illumination variations}, journal = {Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {35}, pages = {326 - 334}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Jacob2002, author = {Jacob, M.; Blu, T.; Unser, M.;}, title = {3-D reconstruction of DNA filaments from stereo cryo-electron micrographs}, booktitle = {Biomedical Imaging, 2002. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE International Symposium on 7-10 July 2002 Page(s):597 - 600}, year = {2002}, pages = {597 - 600}, journal = {Biomedical Imaging, 2002. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE International Symposium on 7-10 July 2002 Page(s): Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ISBI.2002.1029328 Summary: We propose an algorithm for the 3-D reconstruction of DNA filaments from a pair of stereo cryo-electron micrographs. The underlying principle is to specify a 3-D model of a filament - described as a spline curve - and to fit it to the 2-D data using .....}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Jacobi2004, author = {Ute Jacobi and Mai Chen and Gottfried Frankowski and Ronald Sinkgraven and Martina Hund and Berthold Rzany and Wolfram Sterry and Jürgen Lademann}, title = {{I}n vivo determination of skin surface topography using an optical 3{D} device.}, journal = {Skin Res Technol}, year = {2004}, volume = {10}, pages = {207--214}, number = {4}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Topography of the skin surface is a mirror of the functional skin status. Therefore, its evaluation is of great interest for dermatological research. In the present study, a new optical measuring system was applied to evaluate human skin surface topography in vivo and non-invasively, in order to determine elastotic and mimic wrinkles dependent on age, body site and therapy. METHODS: The measurements were performed on the back (n=5), the flexor forearm (n=14) of volunteers in different age groups and on the face of women (n=4) participating in an anti-wrinkle study. The evaluation of the three-dimensional-profiles was performed determining skin surface parameters (mean roughness (R(a)), mean depth of roughness (R(z)), maximum roughness (R(m)) and waviness (W(t))) and applying Fourier analysis. RESULTS: Significant increases in all surface parameters were obtained on the forearms with increasing age. Differences between the surface topographies of forearm and back were only expressed by the waviness and the Fourier analysis. The treatment with botulinum Toxin A led to a diminution of mimic wrinkles as reflected by the furrow profiles. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a significant dependence of the skin surface topography on the age of the volunteer and the body site measured. Particularly the waviness, the Fourier analysis and the furrow profiles reflect such dependencies. The system used also fulfils the requirements for the testing of therapies, as was demonstrated by the reduction of mimic wrinkles after treatment with botulinum Toxin A.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00075.x}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Articular, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cartilage, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Child, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Dermoscopy, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Implanted, Incisor, Infant, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Mid, Middle Aged, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Neocortex, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, O, Orbit, Osteoarthritis, P.H.S., Partial, Physics, Portal Vein, Preschool, Pseudopodia, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Skin, Skin Aging, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Subdural Space, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Thumb, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, dle Aged, ptical, 44}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {SRT75}, pmid = {44}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00075.x}, } @CONFERENCE{Jantarang2004, author = {Jantarang, S.; Panjapornpon, J.;}, title = {Enhancement of 3-D reconstruction from 2-D images using single camera}, booktitle = {TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference Volume A, 21-24 Nov. 2004 Page(s):407 - 410 Vol. 1}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ji2006, author = {Yongchang Ji and Dan C Marinescu and Wei Zhang and Xing Zhang and Xiaodong Yan and Timothy S Baker}, title = {{A} model-based parallel origin and orientation refinement algorithm for cryo{TEM} and its application to the study of virus structures.}, journal = {J Struct Biol}, year = {2006}, volume = {154}, pages = {1--19}, number = {1}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {We present a model-based parallel algorithm for origin and orientation refinement for 3D reconstruction in cryoTEM. The algorithm is based upon the Projection Theorem of the Fourier Transform. Rather than projecting the current 3D model and searching for the best match between an experimental view and the calculated projections, the algorithm computes the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of each projection and searches for the central section ("cut") of the 3D DFT that best matches the DFT of the projection. Factors that affect the efficiency of a parallel program are first reviewed and then the performance and limitations of the proposed algorithm are discussed. The parallel program that implements this algorithm, called PO(2)R, has been used for the refinement of several virus structures, including those of the 500 Angstroms diameter dengue virus (to 9.5 Angstroms resolution), the 850 Angstroms mammalian reovirus (to better than 7A), and the 1800 Angstroms paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (to 15 Angstroms).}, doi = {06.009}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Biophysics, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Humans, Minimally Invasive, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Surgical Procedures, 16459100}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1047-8477(05)00205-4}, pmid = {16459100}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/06.009}, } @ARTICLE{Jiang2004, author = {Yi Jiang and Kumar Pandya and Oliver Smithies and Edward W Hsu}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional diffusion tensor microscopy of fixed mouse hearts.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2004}, volume = {52}, pages = {453--460}, number = {3}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {The relative utility of 3D, microscopic resolution assessments of fixed mouse myocardial structure via diffusion tensor imaging is demonstrated in this study. Isotropic 100-microm resolution fiber orientation mapping within 5.5 degrees accuracy was achieved in 9.1 hr scan time. Preliminary characterization of the diffusion tensor primary eigenvector reveals a smooth and largely linear angular rotation across the left ventricular wall. Moreover, a higher level of structural hierarchy is evident from the organized secondary and tertiary eigenvector fields. These findings are consistent with the known myocardial fiber and laminar structures reported in the literature and suggest an essential role of diffusion tensor microscopy in developing quantitative atlases for studying the structure-function relationships of mouse hearts.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20191}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdomen, Abdominal Neoplasms, Acetabulum, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animal, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Blood Flow Velocity, Bone Screws, Brain, Brain Ischemia, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Cardiovascular Diseases, Carotid Arteries, Carotid Stenosis, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Chromatography, Combined Modality Therapy, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Continuing, Contrast Media, Cranial Sutures, Databases, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Differential, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion of Innovation, Disease Models, Echo-Planar Imaging, Education, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Fourier Transform Infrared, Fracture Fixation, Gadolinium DTPA, Gestational Age, Head, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Heart, Heart Rate, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Inbred Strains, Infarction, Internal, Laparoscopy, Linear Models, Liver, Lymph Nodes, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mammography, Mass, Mastectomy, Mechanical, Medical Illustration, Mice, Middle Ag, Middle Aged, Middle Cerebral Artery, Monitoring, Monte Carlo Method, Multiple Sclerosis, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Observer Variation, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Peptide Fragments, Phantoms, Phlebography, Physiologic, Posture, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Preschool, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protein, Proteomics, Pulsatile Flow, Rad, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiologic, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Range of Motion, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Rotation, Scoliosis, Second, Segmental, Seminal Vesicles, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skull, Spectroscopy, Spectrum Analysis, Stress, Surgery, Surgical Instruments, Swine, Technology, Third, Thoracic Neoplasms, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United States, User-Computer Interface, X-Ray Computed, ed, iographic Image Enhancement, 15334561}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15334561}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20191}, } @ARTICLE{, author = {Ján Bartl, Roman Fíra, Miroslav Hain}, title = {INSPECTION OF SURFACE BY THE MOIRÈ METHOD}, journal = {MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW}, year = {2001}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, abstract = {A moirè method is one of the optical methods which are suitable for measurement of length, angle of rotation and also contactless surface shape deviation evaluation. The article is concerned on the possibilities of application this method by the evaluation of plane surface deviation of the semiconductor wafers.}, owner = {Administrator}, pdf = {C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Seminario\biblio\Bartl.pdf}, timestamp = {2006.04.27}, } @ARTICLE{Kang2006, author = {Sebyung Kang and Adam M Hawkridge and Kenneth L Johnson and David C Muddiman and Peter E Prevelige}, title = {{I}dentification of subunit-subunit interactions in bacteriophage {P}22 procapsids by chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry.}, journal = {J Proteome Res}, year = {2006}, volume = {5}, pages = {370--377}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Viral capsids are dynamic structures which self-assemble and undergo a series of structural transformations to form infectious viruses. The dsDNA bacteriophage P22 is used as a model system to study the assembly and maturation of icosahedral dsDNA viruses. The P22 procapsid, which is the viral capsid precursor, is assembled from coat protein with the aid of scaffolding protein. Upon DNA packaging, the capsid lattice expands and becomes a stable virion. Chemical cross-linking analyzed by mass spectrometry was used to identify residue specific inter- and intra-subunit interactions in the P22 procapsids. All the intersubunit cross-links occurred between residues clustered in a loop region (residues 157-207) which was previously identified by mass spectrometry based on hydrogen/deuterium exchange and biochemical experiments. DSP and BS3 which have similar distance constraints (12 angstroms and 11.4 angstroms, respectively) cross-linked the same residues between two subunits in the procapsids (K183-K183), whereas DST, a shorter cross-linker, cross-linked lysine 175 in one subunit to lysine 183 in another subunit. The replacement of threonine with a cysteine at residue 182 immediately adjacent to the K183 cross-linking site resulted in slow spontaneous disulfide bond formation in the procapsids without perturbing capsid integrity, thus suggesting flexibility within the loop region and close proximity between neighboring loop regions. To build a detailed structure model, we have predicted the secondary structure elements of the P22 coat protein, and attempted to thread the prediction onto identified helical elements of cryoEM 3D reconstruction. In this model, the loop regions where chemical cross-linkings occurred correspond to the extra density (ED) regions which protrude upward from the outside of the capsids and face one another around the symmetry axes.}, doi = {10.1021/pr050356f}, keywords = {Algorithms, Amino Acid Substitution, Anatomic, Bacteriophage P22, Biophysics, Capsid, Capsid Proteins, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cysteine, Extramural, Humans, Mass, Minimally Invasive, Models, Molecu, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Binding, Protein Subunits, Research Support, Spectrum Analysis, Surgical Procedures, Threonine, Virus Assembly, lar, 16457603}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16457603}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr050356f}, } @ARTICLE{Katsumata2005, author = {Akitoshi Katsumata and Masami Fujishita and Masahito Maeda and Yoshiko Ariji and Eiichiro Ariji and Robert P Langlais}, title = {3{D}-{CT} evaluation of facial asymmetry.}, journal = {Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod}, year = {2005}, volume = {99}, pages = {212--220}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Recently, 3-dimensional-computed tomography (3D-CT) imaging has been used in the diagnosis and surgical treatment planning of patients with craniofacial deformities. The present authors have developed a 3D-CT imaging procedure for a 3-dimensional coordinate point evaluation system to assess and diagnose patients with facial asymmetry. STUDY DESIGN: The CT data of 16 subjects was selected retrospectively as the control group from patients who had undergone CT examinations to diagnose conditions other than maxillofacial deformities. Anatomical landmarks modified from orthodontic craniometric (cephalometric) points were defined on the 3D-CT images and the asymmetry index of each point was calculated in millimeters. A diagrammatic chart with a baseline indicating the mean asymmetry indices plus the standard deviation in the control group was designed. The resulting diagrammatic chart was used to evaluate the degree of deformity in facial asymmetry patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The topography of facial asymmetry was assessed. The 3D-CT imaging technique as described herein is a practical method of evaluating the morphology of facial asymmetry.}, doi = {10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.072}, keywords = {Acoustics, Adolescent, Adult, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Cardiac, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cephalometry, Computer-Assisted, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibroblasts, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Incisor, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, Nasal Bone, Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, Portal Vein, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, X-Ray Computed, 15660095}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1079210404004627}, pmid = {15660095}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.072}, } @ARTICLE{Kau2006, author = {C. H. Kau and A. Cronin and P. Durning and A. I. Zhurov and A. Sandham and S. Richmond}, title = {{A} new method for the 3{D} measurement of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery.}, journal = {Orthod Craniofac Res}, year = {2006}, volume = {9}, pages = {31--37}, number = {1}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe a new method for measuring facial swelling following orthognathic surgery using a 3D laser-scanning device. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. Setting and Sample Population -- University Dental Hospital, Wales College of Medicine, Biology Life and Health Sciences. Three subjects requiring bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery were recruited for the study. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES: Laser-scanned images of the subjects were obtained under a reproducible and controlled environment with two Minolta Vivid 900 (Osaka, Japan) optical laser-scanning devices assembled as a stereo-pair. A set of left and right scanned images was taken for each subject and each scan took an average of 2.5 s. 3D laser scans were recorded over six time periods (T1 -- pre-surgical scan, postoperatively: T2 -- 1 day, T3 -- 1 week, T4 -- 1 month, T5 -- 3 months and T6 -- 6 months). OUTCOME MEASURE: Facial scans from different time periods were overlaid onto the baseline (T6) facial scan to determine the reduction and changes in swelling following orthognathic surgery. RESULTS: The results showed that swelling could be accurately quantified following surgery. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the amount of swelling 1 month postoperatively. Furthermore, the facial morphology returned to approximately 90\% of the baseline facial scan at 3 months. CONCLUSION: The 3D laser-scanning device and the method described was a reliable and accurate measure of facial swelling following surgery.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00341.x}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Angle Class III, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Autoradiography, Carcinoma, Cephalometry, Cervical Vertebrae, Comparative Study, Dexamethasone, Edema, English Abstract, Experimental, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Follow-Up Studies, Heterotopic, Humans, Imaging, Inbred C57BL, Lasers, Lewis Lung, Liver Neoplasms, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Malocclusion, Mandible, Maxilla, Mice, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ossification, Phantoms, Positron-Emission Tomography, Postoperative Complications, Premedication, Prospective Studies, Radiation Dosage, Spondylitis, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Distribution, Tomography, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, 16420272}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {OCR341}, pmid = {16420272}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00341.x}, } @ARTICLE{Kau2005, author = {C. H. Kau and A. Zhurov and R. Bibb and L. Hunter and S. Richmond}, title = {{T}he investigation of the changing facial appearance of identical twins employing a three-dimensional laser imaging system.}, journal = {Orthod Craniofac Res}, year = {2005}, volume = {8}, pages = {85--90}, number = {2}, month = {May}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: An investigation to determine the changing facial appearance of identical twins. DESIGN: Clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two Minolta Vivid 900 3D optical laser scanners were placed as a stereo pair to capture the soft tissues of a pair of identical twins. Each scan took approximately 2.5 s. The scanned whole faces were superimposed to determine changes in facial morphologies at different time intervals. OUTCOME MEASURES: The shell deviations between left and right scans of each patient were recorded and analysed for differences. Furthermore, final merged faces were overlaid to determine the changes in facial morphology over time. RESULTS: The results showed that changes in height and weight correlated with changes in facial morphology. CONCLUSION: The 3D laser scanning device is a clinically useful tool in the study of facial growth and facial morphology in a pair of twins.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00320.x}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amino Acid, Amino Acid Sequence, Anatomy, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Aortography, Atomic Force, Binding Sites, Biomechanics, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Case-Control Studies, Cattle, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Chickens, Child, Chitosan, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Sectional, Cultured, Cystatins, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Embryo, Embryonic Development, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extracellular Matrix, Extramural, Face, Facial Bones, Female, Fishes, Follow-Up Studies, Fourier Analysis, Gentamicins, Head, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Lasers, Male, Mammary Arteries, Maxillofacial Development, Meniere's Disease, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Moire Topography, Molecular Sequence Data, Monozygotic, Movement, Muramidase, Muscles, Myocardial Revascularization, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonmammalian, Notochord, Nystagmus, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, Optokinetic, P.H.S., Photoreceptors, Polyesters, Postoperative Complications, Protein, Protein Conformation, Protein Structure, Radiography, Rats, Receptors, Reoperation, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Retrospective Studies, Scapula, Scoliosis, Secondary, Sequence Analysis, Sequence Homology, Solutions, Thoracic, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Turkeys, Twins, U.S. Gov't, Umbilical Veins, Vertebrate, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray Computed, 15888120}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {OCR320}, pmid = {15888120}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00320.x}, } @ARTICLE{Khan2005, author = {Aayesha M Khan and Darren M Whiten and Joseph B Nadol and Donald K Eddington}, title = {{H}istopathology of human cochlear implants: correlation of psychophysical and anatomical measures.}, journal = {Hear Res}, year = {2005}, volume = {205}, pages = {83--93}, number = {1-2}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {The cadavaric temporal bones of five subjects who underwent cochlear implantation during life (2 Nucleus and 3 Ineraid) were analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) reconstruction of serial sections to determine the number of surviving spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) in the region of each electrode of the implanted arrays. The last psychophysical threshold and maximum-comfortable sensation level measured for each electrode were compared to their respective SGC count to determine the across-electrode psychophysical variance accounted for by the SGC counts. Significant correlations between psychophysical measures and SGC counts were found in only two of the five subjects: one Nucleus implantee (e.g., r=-0.71; p<0.001 for threshold vs. count) and one Ineraid implantee (e.g., r=-0.86; p<0.05 for threshold vs. count). A three-dimensional (3D) model of the implanted cochlea was formulated using the temporal-bone anatomy of the Nucleus subject for whom the 2D analysis did not result in significant correlations between counts and psychophysical measures. Predictions of the threshold vs. electrode profile were closer to the measured profile for the 3D model than for the 2D analysis. These results lead us to hypothesize that 3D techniques will be required to asses the impact of peripheral anatomy on the benefit patients derive from cochlear implantation.}, doi = {10.1016/j.heares.2005.03.003}, keywords = {Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Male, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Research Support, Software, Spiral Ganglion, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, ll Count, 15953517}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0378-5955(05)00082-1}, pmid = {15953517}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2005.03.003}, } @ARTICLE{Kharboutly2005, author = {Z. Kharboutly and M. Fenech and J. M. Treutenaere and I. Claude and C. Legallais}, title = {{CFD} modeling of unsteady blood flow in a arteriovenous fistula reconstructed from angioscanner.}, journal = {Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin}, year = {2005}, volume = {Supp 1}, pages = {161--162}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {We propose an investigation protocol to understand the correlation between hemodynamic changes in a very specific blood vessel (arteriovenous fistula created in hemodialysis patients) and the associated clinical complications. Realistic 3D geometry of the fistula is the result of the reconstruction of segmented CT angiography images. Then the geometrical model is treated with industrial computation fluid dynamics software for blood flow simulation.Key words: Hemodynamic, ESRD, Recirculation phenomena, Angiography.}, doi = {10.1080/10255840512331388759}, keywords = {Algorithms, Amino Acid Substitution, Anatomic, Bacteriophage P22, Biophysics, Capsid, Capsid Proteins, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cysteine, Extramural, Humans, Mass, Minimally Invasive, Models, Molecu, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Binding, Protein Subunits, Research Support, Spectrum Analysis, Surgical Procedures, Threonine, Virus Assembly, lar, 16451980}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {M521613131853T67}, pmid = {16451980}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255840512331388759}, } @ARTICLE{Kiessling2005, author = {Fabian Kiessling and Martin Le-Huu and Tobias Kunert and Matthias Thorn and Silvia Vosseler and Kerstin Schmidt and Johannes Hoffend and Hans-Peter Meinzer and Norbert E Fusenig and Wolfhard Semmler}, title = {{I}mproved correlation of histological data with {DCE} {MRI} parameter maps by 3{D} reconstruction, reslicing and parameterization of the histological images.}, journal = {Eur Radiol}, year = {2005}, volume = {15}, pages = {1079--1086}, number = {6}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {Due to poor correlation of slice thickness and orientation, verification of radiological methods with histology is difficult. Thus, a procedure for three-dimensional reconstruction, reslicing and parameterization of histological data was developed, enabling a proper correlation with radiological data. Two different subcutaneous tumors were examined by MR microangiography and DCE-MRI, the latter being post-processed using a pharmacokinetic two-compartment model. Subsequently, tumors were serially sectioned and vessels stained with immunofluorescence markers. A ray-tracing algorithm performed three-dimensional visualization of the histological data, allowing virtually reslicing to thicker sections analogous to MRI slice geometry. Thick slices were processed as parameter maps color coding the marker density in the depth of the slice. Histological 3D reconstructions displayed the diffuse angioarchitecture of malignant tumors. Resliced histological images enabled specification of high enhancing areas seen on MR microangiography as large single vessels or vessel assemblies. In orthogonally reconstructed histological slices, single vessels were delineated. ROI analysis showed significant correlation between histological parameter maps of vessel density and MR parameter maps (r=0.83, P=0.05). The 3D approach to histology improves correlation of histological and radiological data due to proper matching of slice geometry. This method can be used with any histological stain, thus enabling a multivariable correlation of non-invasive data and histology.}, doi = {10.1007/s00330-005-2701-5}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Brain, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diastema, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kidney, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Pattern Recognition, Photogrammetry, Protein Structure, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Visible Human Project, 15747142}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15747142}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-2701-5}, } @ARTICLE{Klarhoefer2003, author = {Markus Klarhöfer and Bixente Dilharreguy and Peter van Gelderen and Chrit T W Moonen}, title = {{A} {PRESTO}-{SENSE} sequence with alternating partial-{F}ourier encoding for rapid susceptibility-weighted 3{D} {MRI} time series.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2003}, volume = {50}, pages = {830--838}, number = {4}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {A 3D sequence for dynamic susceptibility imaging is proposed which combines echo-shifting principles (such as PRESTO), sensitivity encoding (SENSE), and partial-Fourier acquisition. The method uses a moderate SENSE factor of 2 and takes advantage of an alternating partial k-space acquisition in the "slow" phase encode direction allowing an iterative reconstruction using high-resolution phase estimates. Offering an isotropic spatial resolution of 4 x 4 x 4 mm(3), the novel sequence covers the whole brain including parts of the cerebellum in 0.5 sec. Its temporal signal stability is comparable to that of a full-Fourier, full-FOV EPI sequence having the same dynamic scan time but much less brain coverage. Initial functional MRI experiments showed consistent activation in the motor cortex with an average signal change slightly less than that of EPI.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.10599}, keywords = {-Ray Computed, 80 and over, Abnormalities, Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Alzheimer Disease, Aneurysm, Animals, Artifacts, Autopsy, Biocompatible Materials, Biomedical, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Regeneration, Bone Screws, Brain, Brain Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Calibration, Carboxymethylcellulose, Carcinoma, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Child, Collagen, Comp, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer Systems, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Congenital, Contrast Media, Craniotomy, Dementia, Dental, Diverticulum, Ductus Arteriosus, Ear, Echocardiography, Echoencephalography, Electrocardiography, Emission-Computed, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure, Esthetics, External, Female, First, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Forensic Medicine, Fourier Analysis, Gadolinium DTPA, Glioma, Growth Substances, Gunshot, Heart, Heart Diseases, Heart Ventricles, Hip Dislocation, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processi, Image Processing, Imaging, Immobilization, Infant, Internal Fixators, Ischemia, Lasers, Leg, Lewy Body Disease, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Lymphatic Irradiation, Lymphatic Metastasis, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Injuries, Maxilla, Middle Aged, Multiple, Myocardial Contraction, Neck, Non-P.H.S., Non-Small-Cell Lung, Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Operating Room Information Systems, Oral Surgical Procedures, P.H.S., Parkinson Disease, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Postoperative Complica, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Prenatal, Preschool, Progno, Prospective Studies, Prosthe, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Fitting, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Embolism, Quality of Life, Ra, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Inter, Radiography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Recombinant Proteins, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Retrospective Studies, Ruptur, Sensitivity and Specificity, Single-Photon, Skull, Software, Spinal Diseases, Spinal Fractures, Spinal Fusion, Spiral Computed, Statistics, Stroke Volume, Surface Properties, Surgery, Survival Rate, Swine, Technology, Technology Assessment, Thoracic, Thoracic Vertebrae, Thoracic Wall, Three-Dimensional, Thrombosis, Time Factors, Titanium, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Urodynamics, User-Computer Interface, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, Wounds, X, X-Ray Computed, diotherapy Planning, ed, ng, pretation, ses and Implants, sis, tions, uter-Assisted, 14523970}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {14523970}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10599}, } @ARTICLE{Knox2005, author = {Kimberly Knox and Charles W Kerber and Soren A Singel and Michael J Bailey and Steven G Imbesi}, title = {{S}tereolithographic vascular replicas from {CT} scans: choosing treatment strategies, teaching, and research from live patient scan data.}, journal = {AJNR Am J Neuroradiol}, year = {2005}, volume = {26}, pages = {1428--1431}, number = {6}, abstract = {Our goal was to develop a system that would allow us to recreate live patient arterial pathology by using an industrial technique known as stereolithography (or rapid prototyping). In industry, drawings rendered into dicom files can be exported to a computer programmed to drive various industrial tools. Those tools then make a 3D structure shown by the original drawings. We manipulated CT scan dicom files to drive a stereolithography machine and were able to make replicas of the vascular diseases of three patients.}, keywords = {Administration, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Angiography, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Atrial Fibrillation, Biliary Tract, Biomedical Research, Brain Mapping, Cardiology, Cardiovascular, Case-Control Studies, Catheter Ablation, Child, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Congenital, Contrast Media, Coronary Vessels, Cranial Nerve Diseases, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Drug, Ear, Echo-Planar Imaging, Electrocardiography, Endoscopy, Extramural, Fem, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gadolinium DTPA, Heart Defects, Hepatic Artery, Hepatic Vein Thrombosis, Hepatic Veins, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Inner, Liver, Liver Transplantation, Living Donors, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Medical Illustration, Mesenteric Artery, Methylprednisolone, Middle Aged, Models, Multiple Sclerosis, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optic Chiasm, Optic Nerve, Oral, Oral Surgical Procedures, Oxygen, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Phantoms, Pilot Projects, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Portal Vein, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, Preoperative Care, Prospective Studies, Pu, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Veins, Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Subtraction Technique, Superior, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Tissue and Organ Harvesting, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Vascular Diseases, Venae Cavae, X-Ray Computed, ale, lse Therapy, 15956511}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {26/6/1428}, pmid = {15956511}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Knudsen2005, author = {Bodo E Knudsen and Gord Campbell and Andrew Kennedy and Justin Amann and Darren T Beiko and James D Watterson and Ben H Chew and John D Denstedt and Stephen E Pautler}, title = {{D}esign of functional simulation of renal cancer in virtual reality environments.}, journal = {Urology}, year = {2005}, volume = {66}, pages = {732--735}, number = {4}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The preoperative planning of partial nephrectomy can be facilitated by the ability to view the tumor and surrounding tissue in three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR). A technique to convert Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine computed tomography scan data into a fully 3D VR environment was developed. The model can be transferred to a personal computer, allowing the surgeon to view the 3D model in the operating room. METHODS: Computed tomography data from a patient with multifocal renal masses was converted into a 3D polygonal mesh using Amira running on a desktop personal computer with Windows XP Professional. A Silicon Graphics Monster Onyx2 running the Linux operating system was used to view the 3D stereo model in the VR environments: either the CAVE or a specialized desk called the Immersadesk. An application to view and interact with the model on a desktop personal computer was written in C++. RESULTS: A 3D model of the kidney, the multiple tumors, and the associated systems was created. The model could be viewed and manipulated in a true VR environment and on a desktop personal computer. CONCLUSIONS: This project completed two major goals. First, a 3D model of a kidney containing multiple masses was created and viewed in a VR environment. Second, an interface to display the model on a desktop personal computer in the operating room was created. This is the first step in bringing VR technology to the operating room to assist the surgeon directly.}, doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2005.04.060}, keywords = {Aged, Algorithms, Anatomic, Biological, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Drug Administration Schedule, Extramural, Female, Forecasting, Health Care, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Injections, Kidney Neoplasms, Male, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Positron-Emission Tomography, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality Assurance, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reference Standards, Research Support, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Whole Body Imaging, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, 16230126}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0090-4295(05)00630-8}, pmid = {16230126}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.04.060}, } @ARTICLE{Koch2006, author = {Walter Koch and Perry E Radau and Wolfgang Münzing and Klaus Tatsch}, title = {{C}ross-camera comparison of {SPECT} measurements of a 3-{D} anthropomorphic basal ganglia phantom.}, journal = {Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging}, year = {2006}, volume = {33}, pages = {495--502}, number = {4}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {PURPOSE: SPECT examinations of neurotransmitter systems in the brain have to be comparable between centres to generate a comprehensive data pool, e.g. for multicentre studies. Equipment-specific effects on quantitative evaluations and corresponding methods for compensation, however, have been insufficiently examined. Previous studies have shown that quantitative results may vary significantly according to the imaging equipment used, thereby affecting clinical interpretation of the data. The aim of this study was to determine correction factors for common camera/collimator combinations based on standardised measurements of an anthropomorphic 3D basal ganglia phantom to compensate for the effects of different SPECT camera/collimator equipment. The latter may serve as a model for human studies of the dopaminergic system. METHODS: The striatum and background chambers of a commercially available phantom (RSD Alderson) were filled with various( 123)I concentrations encompassing specific striatum/background ratios from 0.6 to 16.1. This setup was imaged with the following four camera/collimator combinations: Siemens Multispect 3 fitted with LEHR and( 123)I parallel-hole collimators, Siemens ECAM with LEHR parallel-hole collimators and Philips Prism 3000 fitted with LEHR fanbeam collimators, using standardised protocols for acquisition and reconstruction. All scans were automatically co-registered to a SPECT template of the phantom and quantified using a 3D volume of interest (VOI) map based on a CT scan of the phantom. All striatal/background ratios calculated by SPECT were compared with the true ratios calculated from the measurements in a well counter. Regression analyses were performed and recovery correction factors between measured and true ratios determined. RESULTS: The relation between true and measured ratios could be sufficiently described by a linear regression for each camera/collimator combination without relevant improvement when using second-order polynomial regression models. The recovery correction factors and standard errors were 2.04+/-0.04 for the Philips Prism 3000, 2.67+/-0.03 for the Siemens Multispect 3/LEHR parallel-hole collimators, 2.15+/-0.03 for the Siemens Multispect 3/(123)I collimators and 2.81+/-0.03 for the Siemens ECAM. Percentage recovery ranged from 36\% to 49\%. CONCLUSION: Measurements of a 3D basal ganglia phantom with various imaging devices revealed linear correlations between measured and true striatal/background ratios. Based on these findings, adjustment of quantitative results between different equipment seems possible, provided that acquisition, reconstruction and evaluation are adequately standardised. The use of identical evaluation methods in phantom and patient studies (comparable shape, size and location of the VOIs) might allow transfer of the calculated correction factors from phantom to studies of the dopaminergic system in patients.}, doi = {10.1007/s00259-005-0036-8}, keywords = {Aortic Rupture, Humans, Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Nonpenetrating, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, 16435116}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16435116}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-005-0036-8}, } @ARTICLE{Kodama2005, author = {Tetsuji Kodama and Xiaoyuan Li and Kenji Nakahira and Dai Ito}, title = {{E}volutionary computation applied to the reconstruction of 3-{D} surface topography in the {SEM}.}, journal = {J Electron Microsc (Tokyo)}, year = {2005}, volume = {54}, pages = {429--435}, number = {5}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {A genetic algorithm has been applied to the line profile reconstruction from the signals of the standard secondary electron (SE) and/or backscattered electron detectors in a scanning electron microscope. This method solves the topographical surface reconstruction problem as one of combinatorial optimization. To extend this optimization approach for three-dimensional (3-D) surface topography, this paper considers the use of a string coding where a 3-D surface topography is represented by a set of coordinates of vertices. We introduce the Delaunay triangulation, which attains the minimum roughness for any set of height data to capture the fundamental features of the surface being probed by an electron beam. With this coding, the strings are processed with a class of hybrid optimization algorithms that combine genetic algorithms and simulated annealing algorithms. Experimental results on SE images are presented.}, doi = {10.1093/jmicro/dfi062}, keywords = {'t, 80 and ove, 80 and over, Abdominal, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Anatomy, Animals, Anisotropy, Aorta, Arthrography, Artificial Intelligence, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Automated, Biological, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Stenosis, Cross-Sectional, Data Compression, Elasticity, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Fem, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Infarction, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Kidney, Leg, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mice, Microscopy, Microsurgery, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, Morphogenesis, Myocardial Infarction, N.I.H., Nasal Bone, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Staging, Neuronavigation, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov, Non-U.S. Gov't, Organ Size, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Pilot Projects, Preoperative Care, Principal Component Analysis, Protoplasts, Pulsatile Flow, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Repro, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rheology, Ribs, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Signal Processing, Squamous Cell, Statistical, Statistics, Stomach Neoplasms, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Systems Integration, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tobacco, Tomography, Transgenic, U.S. Gov't, United State, User-Computer Interface, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Vacuoles, Video, Video Recording, Visible Human Project, Whole-Body Counting, ale, ducibility of Results, r, s, 16195361}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {dfi062}, pmid = {16195361}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfi062}, } @ARTICLE{Kopacz2005, author = {Dorota Kopacz and Piotr Maciejewicz and Dariusz Kecik}, title = {[{P}entacam--the new way for anterior eye segment imaging and mapping]}, journal = {Klin Oczna}, year = {2005}, volume = {107}, pages = {728--731}, number = {10-12}, abstract = {Accurate preoperative measurements are required for refractive and cataract surgery. Pentacam is a new imaging system for anterior eye segment study. The authors present technique and the range of measurements; topography of both anterior and posterior corneal surface from limbus to limbus, densitometry, anterior chamber angle, volume and depth, lens densitometry and 3D-virtual model of the anterior eye segment are taken. All those structures are shown thanks to rotating Scheimpflug camera, which generates three-dimension images. Any eye movements are detected by a second camera and corrected for, in the process. All results are written down on PC and are available for the prospective studies.}, keywords = {16619832}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16619832}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Kops2005, author = {E. Rota Kops and B. J. Krause}, title = {{T}he influence of filtered back-projection and iterative reconstruction on partial volume correction in {PET}.}, journal = {Nuklearmedizin}, year = {2005}, volume = {44}, pages = {99--106}, number = {3}, abstract = {AIM: We assess the influence of the reconstruction algorithms [OS-EM for the iterative one vs. a filtered back-projection in Fourier space (DiFT)] on partial volume correction in PET employing a fully 3D 3-compartment MR based PV-correction algorithm. The gray matter voxels in the PET image -- after removal of the white matter and cerebrospinal fluid contribution -- are corrected voxel-by-voxel using the image resolution. MATERIAL, METHODS: Phantom measurements and one healthy human brain FDG study were carried out. For the OSEM reconstruction, a combination of iteration steps and subset numbers (It/Sub) was used, whereby in case of no-convergence the image resolution had to be fitted. The RESULTS from the DiFT reconstruction were equivalent to those obtained from the OSEM reconstruction with 10/32 combination for objects with widespread activity concentration. For the sphere phantom, the mean recovery based on the actual values achieved 99.2\% +/- 1.8 for all spheres and all reconstruction modes and It/sub combinations (except for 2/8). In case of the Hoffman 3D brain phantom the mean recovery of the cortical regions was 101\% +/- 1.2 (the increase based on the uncorrected values: 35.5\% +/- 1.5), while the subcortical regions reached a mean recovery of 80\% with an increase of 43.9\% +/- 2.5. For the human data, an increase of the metabolized values of several cortical regions ranged between 42\% and 48\% independent from the reconstruction mode. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the 3-compartment fully 3-D MR based PV-correction is sensitive to the choice of reconstruction algorithms and to the parameter choice. They indicate that despite improved spatial resolution, the use of the iterative reconstruction algorithm for PV-correction results in similar recovery factors when compared to a correction using DiFT reconstruction, insofar the image resolution values are fitted at the It/Sub combinations.}, doi = {10.1267/NUKL05030106}, keywords = {80 and over, Acceleration, Aged, Algorithms, Ambulatory, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Brain, Brain Diseases, Breast, Cadaver, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, English Abstract, Epilepsy, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Feedback, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gait, Head, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immobilization, Information Storage and Retrieval, Ligaments, Lighting, Lunate Bone, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Monitoring, Movement, N.I.H., Neoplasms, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Optical Coherence, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Physical Examination, Positron-Emission Tomography, Posture, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Refractometry, Reproducibility o, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skull, Software, Statistical, Stereotaxic Techniques, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Systems Theory, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Transducers, U.S. Gov't, X-Ray Computed, f Results, 15968418}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {05030099}, pmid = {15968418}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/NUKL05030106}, } @ARTICLE{Kotani2005, author = {Yoshihisa Kotani and Bryan W Cunningham and Kuniyoshi Abumi and Anton E Dmitriev and Manabu Ito and Niabin Hu and Yasuo Shikinami and Paul C McAfee and Akio Minami}, title = {{M}ultidirectional flexibility analysis of cervical artificial disc reconstruction: in vitro human cadaveric spine model.}, journal = {J Neurosurg Spine}, year = {2005}, volume = {2}, pages = {188--194}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {OBJECT: This in vitro experimental study was conducted to investigate the initial biomechanical effect of artificial intervertebral disc replacement in the cervical spine. The multidirectional flexibility of replaced and adjacent spinal segments were analyzed using a cadaveric cervical spine model. METHODS: The following three cervical reconstructions were sequentially performed at the C5-6 level after anterior discectomy in seven human cadaveric occipitocervical spines: anterior artificial disc replacement with a bioactive three-dimensional (3D) fabric disc (FD); anterior iliac bone graft; and anterior plate fixation with iliac bone graft. Six unconstrained pure moments were applied with a 6-df spine simulator, and 3D segmental motions at the operative and adjacent segments were measured with an optoelectronic motion measurement system. The 3D FD group demonstrated statistically equivalent ranges of motion (ROMs) when compared with intact values in axial rotation and lateral bending. The 45\% increase in flexion-extension ROM was demonstrated in 3D FD group; however, neutral zone analysis did not reach statistical significance between the intact spine and 3D FD. The anterior iliac bone graft and iliac bone graft reconstructions demonstrated statistically lower ROMs when compared with 3D FD in all loading modes (p < 0.05). The adjacent-level ROMs of the 3D FD group demonstrated nearly physiological characteristics at upper and lower adjacent levels. Excellent stability at the interface was maintained during the whole testing without any device displacement and dislodgment. CONCLUSIONS: The stand-alone cervical 3D FD demonstrated nearly physiological biomechanical characteristics at both operative and adjacent spinal segments in vitro, indicating an excellent clinical potential for cervical artificial disc replacement.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cryoelectron Microscopy, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diastema, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Molecular, N.I.H., Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, U.S. Gov't, Visible Human Project, Weight-Bearing, 15739532}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15739532}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Krarup2005, author = {S. Krarup and T. A. Darvann and P. Larsen and J. L. Marsh and S. Kreiborg}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth and tooth eruption.}, journal = {J Anat}, year = {2005}, volume = {207}, pages = {669--682}, number = {5}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {Normal and abnormal jaw growth and tooth eruption are topics of great importance for several dental and medical disciplines. Thus far, clinical studies on these topics have used two-dimensional (2D) radiographic techniques. The purpose of the present study was to analyse normal mandibular growth and tooth eruption in three dimensions based on computer tomography (CT) scans, extending the principles of mandibular growth analysis proposed by Björk in 1969 from two to three dimensions. As longitudinal CT data from normal children are not available (for ethical reasons), CT data from children with Apert syndrome were employed, because it has been shown that the mandible in Apert syndrome is unaffected by the malformation, and these children often have several craniofacial CT scans performed during childhood for planning of cranial and midface surgery and for follow-up after surgery. A total of 49 datasets from ten children with Apert syndrome were available for study. The number of datasets from each individual ranged from three to seven. The first CT scan in each of the ten series was carried out before 1 year of age, and the ages for the 49 scans ranged from 1 week to 14.5 years. The mandible and the teeth were segmented and iso-surfaces generated. Landmarks were placed on the surface of the mandible, along the mandibular canals, the inner contour of the cortical plate at the lower border of the symphysis menti, and on the teeth. Superimposition of the mandibles in the longitudinal series was performed using the symphysis menti and the mandibular canals as suggested by Björk. The study supported the findings of stability of the symphysis menti and the mandibular canals as seen in profile view previously reported by Björk & Skieller in 1983. However, the mandibular canals were, actually, relocated laterally during growth. Furthermore, the position of tooth buds remained relatively stable inside the jaw until root formation started. Eruption paths of canines and premolars were vertical, whereas molars erupted in a lingual direction. The 3D method would seem to offer new insight into jaw growth and tooth eruption, but further studies are needed.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00479.x}, keywords = {80 and over, Acrocephalosyndactylia, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Arthrodesis, Artifacts, Bicuspid, Child, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Cuspid, Echo-Planar Imaging, Extramural, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Lung, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Manubrium, Melanoma, Mice, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Osteoarthritis, Phantoms, Photons, Preschool, Protons, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Veins, Radiation, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Rats, Research Support, Scattering, Software, Statistical, Sternum, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tomography Scanners, Tooth Eruption, Treatment Outcome, Tumor Burden, Ultrasonics, Uveal Neoplasms, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16313399}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {JOA479}, pmid = {16313399}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00479.x}, } @ARTICLE{Kwifi2004, author = {Osama Al-Kwifi and Jae K Kim and Jeff Stainsby and Yuexi Huang and Marshall S Sussman and Richard I Farb and Graham A Wright}, title = {{P}ulsatile motion effects on 3{D} magnetic resonance angiography: implications for evaluating carotid artery stenoses.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2004}, volume = {52}, pages = {605--611}, number = {3}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {In-plane carotid artery motion during a 3D MR angiography (MRA) scan can significantly degrade the resulting image resolution. This study characterizes the effect of cardiac pulsatility on 3D contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA with elliptical centric acquisitions using a point-spread function (PSF) analysis. Internal carotid artery (ICA) motion was collected from volunteers and patients using both MR and ultrasound (US) scans. After measuring the carotid artery motion displacement, a simulation was performed which calculated the blurring effects for three different protocols: nongated and two different cardiac gating schemes. The motion sensitivity of each protocol was evaluated for different spatial resolutions. The selection of optimal imaging parameters for a given scan time was investigated. The final results showed that cardiac-gated acquisitions only over a limited region of k-space high spatial frequencies are more time-efficient than cardiac gating for the entire k-space, as it allows for higher resolutions to be achieved and for capturing the arterial phase with low spatial frequencies. Selecting the optimal gating parameters depends directly on the motion characteristics of each individual. Our initial clinical experience is presented, and the need for a real-time tool that characterizes motion behavior for each individual as a prescan protocol is discussed.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20185}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdomen, Abdominal Neoplasms, Acetabulum, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animal, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Blood Flow Velocity, Bone Screws, Brain, Brain Ischemia, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Cardiovascular Diseases, Carotid Arteries, Carotid Stenosis, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Chromatography, Combined Modality Therapy, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Continuing, Contrast Media, Cranial Sutures, Databases, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Differential, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion of Innovation, Disease Models, Echo-Planar Imaging, Education, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Fourier Transform Infrared, Fracture Fixation, Gadolinium DTPA, Gestational Age, Head, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Heart Rate, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infarction, Internal, Laparoscopy, Liver, Lymph Nodes, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mammography, Mass, Mastectomy, Mechanical, Medical Illustration, Mice, Middle Ag, Middle Aged, Middle Cerebral Artery, Monitoring, Monte Carlo Method, Multiple Sclerosis, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Observer Variation, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Peptide Fragments, Phantoms, Phlebography, Physiologic, Posture, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Preschool, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protein, Proteomics, Pulsatile Flow, Rad, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiologic, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Range of Motion, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Rotation, Scoliosis, Second, Segmental, Seminal Vesicles, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skull, Spectroscopy, Spectrum Analysis, Stress, Surgery, Surgical Instruments, Swine, Technology, Third, Thoracic Neoplasms, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United States, User-Computer Interface, X-Ray Computed, ed, iographic Image Enhancement, 15334581}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15334581}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20185}, } @ARTICLE{Lafage2004, author = {V. Lafage and J. Dubousset and F. Lavaste and W. Skalli}, title = {3{D} finite element simulation of {C}otrel-{D}ubousset correction.}, journal = {Comput Aided Surg}, year = {2004}, volume = {9}, pages = {17--25}, number = {1-2}, abstract = {The Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) scoliosis surgery was simulated for 10 patients with idiopathic scoliosis using a 3D finite element model (FEM) of the patient's entire spine. The geometry of the FEM was extracted from a 3D stereo-radiographic reconstruction, and mechanical properties were personalized using lateral bending films. Finally, each step of the CD correction was simulated and results were compared with the post-operative 3D stereo-radiographic reconstruction. The whole procedure was applied for 10 patients, and quantitative comparison was performed between post-operative spine configuration and predicted configuration. For all patients, mean differences between post-operative measurements and predicted values of vertebral rotation were estimated at 5 degrees (max: 13 degrees) and those for linear position at 6 mm (max: 12 mm). Furthermore, intermediate steps of surgery simulation were consistent with the literature. Then, for one scoliotic patient, the model was used to investigate three alternative surgical strategies. It was found that a one-level change in the instrumentation limit may have a significant effect on spine alignment and correction.}, doi = {10.1080/10929080400006390}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Substitutes, Brain, Breast, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Foot, Foot Bones, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Ligaments, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Metals, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Orthopedic Procedures, Oryza sativa, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Posture, Pressure, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Weight-Bearing, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15792933}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {VEKN2E8C7UGCJ8AW}, pmid = {15792933}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10929080400006390}, } @ARTICLE{Landry2004, author = {Anthony Landry and J. David Spence and Aaron Fenster}, title = {{M}easurement of carotid plaque volume by 3-dimensional ultrasound.}, journal = {Stroke}, year = {2004}, volume = {35}, pages = {864--869}, number = {4}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Measurement of carotid plaque volume and its progression are important tools for research and patient management. In this study, we investigate the observer variability in the measurement of plaque volume as determined by 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US). We also investigate the effect of interslice distances (ISD) and repeated 3D US scans on measurement variability.Materials and Methods Forty 3D US patient images of plaques (range, 37.43 to 604.1 mm3) were measured by manual planimetry. We applied ANOVA to determine plaque volume measurement variability and reliability. Plaque volumes were measured with 9 ISDs to determine the effect of ISD on measurement variability. Additional plaque volumes were also measured from multiple 3D US scans to investigate repeated scan acquisition variability.Results Intraobserver and interobserver measurement reliabilities were 94\% and 93.2\%, respectively. Plaque volume measurement variability decreased with increasing plaque volume (range, 27.1\% to 2.2\%). Measurement precision was constant for ISDs between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, whereas plaque volume measurement variability increased with ISD. Repeated 3D US scan measurements were not different from single-scan measurements (P=0.867).Conclusions The coefficient of variation in the measurement of plaque volume decreased with plaque size. The volumetric change that must be observed to establish with 95\% confidence that a plaque has undergone change is approximately 20\% to 35\% for plaques <100 mm3 and approximately 10\% to 20\% for plaques >100 mm3. Measurement precision was unchanged for ISDs <3.0 mm, whereas measurement variability increased with ISD. Repeated 3D US scans did not affect plaque volume measurement variability.}, doi = {10.1161/01.STR.0000121161.61324.ab}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdominal, Adjuvant, Aged, Algorithms, Anastomosis, Animals, Aorta, Bone Neoplasms, Brachytherapy, Carotid Arteries, Carotid Artery Diseases, Chemotherapy, Cholesteatoma, Combined Modality Therapy, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Durapatite, Emission-Computed, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Female, Femoral Artery, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Iodine Radioisotopes, Laparoscopes, Local, Male, Mastoid, Mice, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Palladium, Palliative Care, Phantoms, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radioisotopes, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Regeneration, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Robotics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Single-Photon, Surgical, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonic Therapy, Ultrasonography, Vascular Patency, X-Ray Computed, 15017019}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {01.STR.0000121161.61324.ab}, pmid = {15017019}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000121161.61324.ab}, } @ARTICLE{Langreck2005, author = {H. Langreck and B. Schnackenburg and K. Nehrke and P. Boernert and A. Wahl and I. Paetsch and A. Bornstedt and E. Fleck and Eike Nageli}, title = {{MR} coronary artery imaging with 3{D} motion adapted gating ({MAG}) in comparison to a standard prospective navigator technique.}, journal = {J Cardiovasc Magn Reson}, year = {2005}, volume = {7}, pages = {793--797}, number = {5}, abstract = {Magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA) has been proven to be feasible for imaging of the proximal and medial portions of the three main coronary arteries. Free breathing techniques allow for high resolution imaging but prolong scan time. This could potentially be shortened by improving the efficiency, robustness and accuracy of the navigator gating algorithm. Aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, efficiency, and image quality of a new motion compensation algorithm (3D-MAG) for coronary artery imaging with navigator techniques. In 21 patients the coronaries were imaged in plane with a 3D k-space segmented gradient echo sequence. A T2 preparation prepulse was used for suppression of myocardial signal, during free breathing and a navigator technique with using real time slice following and a gating window of 5 mm was applied to suppress breathing motion artefacts. Imaging was performed with standard gating and compared to 3D-MAG. Image quality was visually compared, contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated, the length of visualized coronary arteries was measured and scan duration and scan efficiency were calculated. Standard navigator imaging was feasible in 19 of 21 (90.5\%) patients 3D-MAG in 21/21 (100\%). Scan efficiency and duration was significantly improved with 3D-MAG (p < .05) without change in image quality. 3D-MAG is superior to conventional navigator correction algorithms. It improves feasibility and scan efficiency without reduction of image quality. This approach should be routinely used for MR coronary artery imaging with navigator techniques.}, keywords = {80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Artifacts, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Echo-Planar Imaging, Extramural, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Models, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Phantoms, Photons, Protons, Radiation, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Scattering, Software, Statistical, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tumor Burden, Ultrasonics, Uveal Neoplasms, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16353439}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16353439}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Lee2005b, author = {Jae Sung Lee and Soon-Hyun Ahn and Dong Soo Lee and Seung Ha Oh and Chong Sun Kim and Jae Min Jeong and Kwang Suk Park and June-Key Chung and Myung Chul Lee}, title = {{V}oxel-based statistical analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in the rat cortical deafness model by 3{D} reconstruction of brain from autoradiographic images.}, journal = {Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging}, year = {2005}, volume = {32}, pages = {696--701}, number = {6}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Animal models of cortical deafness are essential for investigation of the cerebral glucose metabolism in congenital or prelingual deafness. Autoradiographic imaging is mainly used to assess the cerebral glucose metabolism in rodents. In this study, procedures for the 3D voxel-based statistical analysis of autoradiographic data were established to enable investigations of the within-modal and cross-modal plasticity through entire areas of the brain of sensory-deprived animals without lumping together heterogeneous subregions within each brain structure into a large region of interest. METHODS: Thirteen 2-[1-(14)C]-deoxy-D: -glucose autoradiographic images were acquired from six deaf and seven age-matched normal rats (age 6-10 weeks). The deafness was induced by surgical ablation. For the 3D voxel-based statistical analysis, brain slices were extracted semiautomatically from the autoradiographic images, which contained the coronal sections of the brain, and were stacked into 3D volume data. Using principal axes matching and mutual information maximization algorithms, the adjacent coronal sections were co-registered using a rigid body transformation, and all sections were realigned to the first section. A study-specific template was composed and the realigned images were spatially normalized onto the template. Following count normalization, voxel-wise t tests were performed to reveal the areas with significant differences in cerebral glucose metabolism between the deaf and the control rats. RESULTS: Continuous and clear edges were detected in each image after registration between the coronal sections, and the internal and external landmarks extracted from the spatially normalized images were well matched, demonstrating the reliability of the spatial processing procedures. Voxel-wise t tests showed that the glucose metabolism in the bilateral auditory cortices of the deaf rats was significantly (P<0.001) lower than that in the controls. There was no significantly reduced metabolism in any other area, and no area showed a significant increase in metabolism in the deaf rats with the same threshold, demonstrating the high localization accuracy and specificity of the method developed in this study. CONCLUSION: This study established new procedures for the 3D reconstruction and voxel-based analysis of autoradiographic data which will be useful for examining the cerebral glucose metabolism in a rat cortical deafness model.}, doi = {10.1007/s00259-004-1739-y}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Brain, Calibration, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diastema, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kidney, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Odontogenesis, Pattern Recognition, Photogrammetry, Protein Structure, Radiopharmaceuticals, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Spleen, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Visible Human Project, 15747156}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15747156}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-004-1739-y}, } @ARTICLE{Lee2005, author = {Kea Joo Lee and Chang-Hyun Park and Im Joo Rhyu}, title = {{E}fficient three-dimensional reconstruction of synapse with high-voltage electron microscopy.}, journal = {J Electron Microsc (Tokyo)}, year = {2005}, volume = {54}, pages = {139--141}, number = {2}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3-D) information on nervous tissue is essential for the understanding of brain function. Especially, 3-D synaptic analyses on serial ultrathin sections with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have contributed to the knowledge on neural plasticity associated with various pathophysiological conditions. The 3-D reconstruction procedures, however, not only require a great amount of expertise but also include time-consuming processes. Here, we carried out computer-assisted 3-D reconstruction of parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses based on 250 nm serial sections using high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). The 3-D synapse models were constructed more efficiently and rapidly compared with conventional serial TEM reconstruction. This result suggests that 3-D reconstruction with thicker sections and HVEM is a useful method to study synaptic connectivity.}, doi = {10.1093/jmicro/dfi002}, keywords = {80 and over, Acceleration, Aged, Algorithms, Ambulatory, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Brain, Brain Diseases, Breast, Cadaver, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cerebellum, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Stenosis, Corpus Callosum, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Ductal, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Electron, English Abstract, Epilepsy, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Feedback, Female, Fetus, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gait, Head, Heart Septal Defects, Human, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immobilization, Inbred C57BL, Information Storage and Retrieval, Interventional, Ligaments, Lighting, Lunate Bone, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mammary Glands, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, Monitoring, Movement, Myelin Basic Proteins, N.I.H., Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Optical Coherence, P.H.S., Pathologic, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Physical Examination, Positron-Emission Tomography, Posture, Purkinje Cells, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Refractometry, Reproducibility o, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sample Size, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Signal Processing, Skull, Software, Spectrometry, Sprague-Dawley, Statistical, Stereotaxic Techniques, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Synapses, Systems Theory, Three-Dimensional, Thyroid Neoplasms, Tissue Array Analysis, Tomography, Transducers, Transmission, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Ventricular, X-Ray Computed, f Results, 15914496}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {dfi002}, pmid = {15914496}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfi002}, } @ARTICLE{Lee2005a, author = {Kuang-Chih Lee and Jeffrey Ho and David J Kriegman}, title = {{A}cquiring linear subspaces for face recognition under variable lighting.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {684--698}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {Previous work has demonstrated that the image variation of many objects (human faces in particular) under variable lighting can be effectively modeled by low-dimensional linear spaces, even when there are multiple light sources and shadowing. Basis images spanning this space are usually obtained in one of three ways: A large set of images of the object under different lighting conditions is acquired, and principal component analysis (PCA) is used to estimate a subspace. Alternatively, synthetic images are rendered from a 3D model (perhaps reconstructed from images) under point sources and, again, PCA is used to estimate a subspace. Finally, images rendered from a 3D model under diffuse lighting based on spherical harmonics are directly used as basis images. In this paper, we show how to arrange physical lighting so that the acquired images of each object can be directly used as the basis vectors of a low-dimensional linear space and that this subspace is close to those acquired by the other methods. More specifically, there exist configurations of k point light source directions, with k typically ranging from 5 to 9, such that, by taking k images of an object under these single sources, the resulting subspace is an effective representation for recognition under a wide range of lighting conditions. Since the subspace is generated directly from real images, potentially complex and/or brittle intermediate steps such as 3D reconstruction can be completely avoided; nor is it necessary to acquire large numbers of training images or to physically construct complex diffuse (harmonic) light fields. We validate the use of subspaces constructed in this fashion within the context of face recognition.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Face, Female, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photography, Photometry, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, ll Count, n, 15875791}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15875791}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{Lee;2002, author = {Chul-Soo Ye; Kwae-Hi Lee;}, title = {3-D reconstruction of man-made objects based on watershed segmentation and 3-D grouping}, booktitle = {Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Volume 2, 8-11 July 2002 Page(s):453 - 456 vol.2}, year = {2002}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Leemans2005, author = {A. Leemans and J. Sijbers and M. Verhoye and A. Van der Linden and D. Van Dyck}, title = {{M}athematical framework for simulating diffusion tensor {MR} neural fiber bundles.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2005}, volume = {53}, pages = {944--953}, number = {4}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {White matter (WM) fiber tractography (i.e., the reconstruction of the 3D architecture of WM fiber pathways) is known to be an important application of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). For the quantitative evaluation of several fiber-tracking properties, such as accuracy, noise sensitivity, and robustness, synthetic ground-truth DT-MRI data are required. Moreover, an accurate simulated phantom is also required for optimization of the user-defined tractography parameters, and objective comparisons between fiber-tracking algorithms. Therefore, in this study a mathematical framework for simulating DT-MRI data, based on the physical properties of WM fiber bundles, is presented. We obtained a model of a WM fiber bundle by parameterizing the various features that characterize this bundle. We then evaluated three different synthetic DT-MRI models using experimental data in order to test the proposed methodology, and to determine the optimum model and parameter settings for constructing a realistic simulated DT-MRI phantom. Several examples of how the mathematical framework can be applied to compare fiber-tracking algorithms are presented.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20418}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Bone Substitutes, Brain, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Equipment Failure Analysis, Face, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Mathematics, Metals, Models, Movement, Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oryza sativa, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15799061}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15799061}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20418}, } @ARTICLE{Lemarchand2006, author = {Fabien Lemarchand and Carole Deumié and Myriam Zerrad and Laëtitia Abel-Tiberini and Bertrand Bertussi and Gaëlle Georges and Basile Lazaridès and Michel Cathelinaud and Michel Lequime and Claude Amra}, title = {{O}ptical characterization of an unknown single layer: {I}nstitut {F}resnel contribution to the {O}ptical {I}nterference {C}oatings 2004 {T}opical {M}eeting {M}easurement {P}roblem.}, journal = {Appl Opt}, year = {2006}, volume = {45}, pages = {1312--1318}, number = {7}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {We present the characterizations performed at the Institut Fresnel for the Measurement Problem of the Optical Interference Coatings 2004 Topical Meeting. A single layer coated on a fused-silica substrate of unknown composition and parameters is analyzed in terms of optogeometrical parameters, uniformity, and scattering. We determine the refractive index and the average thickness of the coating, then provide the localized determination of the thickness with a 2 mm spatial resolution. Topography measurements include atomic force microscopy and angle-resolved scattering measurements. These results are completed thanks to a Taylor Hobson noncontact 3D surface profiler.}, keywords = {16539226}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16539226}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @CONFERENCE{Lengagne2001, author = {Lengagne, R.; Fua, P.;}, title = {Incorporating differential constraints in a 3D reconstruction process application to stereo}, booktitle = {Computer Vision, 2001. ICCV 2001. Proceedings. Eighth IEEE International Conference on Volume 1, 7-14 July 2001 Page(s):573 - 580 vol.1}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Leotta2005, author = {Daniel F Leotta and Jean F Primozich and Sara M Henderson and Leni N Karr and Robert O Bergelin and Kirk W Beach and R. Eugene Zierler}, title = {{D}isplay of spatially-registered {D}oppler spectral waveforms and three-dimensional vein graft geometry.}, journal = {Ultrasound Med Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {31}, pages = {1317--1326}, number = {10}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {A method has been developed to display Doppler spectral waveforms in lower extremity vein grafts in conjunction with 3-D vessel geometry. Doppler spectral waveforms and cross-sectional images of the vein graft are collected with a custom 3-D ultrasound imaging system. Computer processing generates a display of the Doppler sample volumes registered in 3-D space with a surface reconstruction of the vein graft lumen. An interactive computer interface displays spectral waveforms at user-selected sites in the graft. Summary displays combining spectral waveforms, maximum velocity and cross-sectional area provide a pictorial record of the state of the vein graft along its full length. The method is demonstrated for two patient studies, each at two time points after graft revisions. The graphic display of both hemodynamics and geometry allows rapid assessment of vein graft changes over time.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.06.007}, keywords = {'t, 80 and ove, 80 and over, Abdominal, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Anatomy, Anisotropy, Aorta, Arthrography, Artificial Intelligence, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Automated, Biological, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Cadaver, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Stenosis, Cross-Sectional, Data Compression, Elasticity, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Fem, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Leg, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Microscopy, Microsurgery, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, Morphogenesis, N.I.H., Nasal Bone, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Staging, Neuronavigation, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov, Non-U.S. Gov't, Organ Size, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Pilot Projects, Preoperative Care, Principal Component Analysis, Protoplasts, Pulsatile Flow, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Repro, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rheology, Ribs, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Signal Processing, Squamous Cell, Statistical, Statistics, Stomach Neoplasms, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Systems Integration, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tobacco, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, United State, User-Computer Interface, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Vacuoles, Video, Video Recording, Visible Human Project, Whole-Body Counting, ale, ducibility of Results, r, s, 16223634}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0301-5629(05)00254-1}, pmid = {16223634}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.06.007}, } @ARTICLE{Leow2006, author = {Alex D Leow and Andrea D Klunder and Clifford R Jack and Arthur W Toga and Anders M Dale and Matt A Bernstein and Paula J Britson and Jeffrey L Gunter and Chadwick P Ward and Jennifer L Whitwell and Bret J Borowski and Adam S Fleisher and Nick C Fox and Danielle Harvey and John Kornak and Norbert Schuff and Colin Studholme and Gene E Alexander and Michael W Weiner and Paul M Thompson and For the ADNI Preparatory Phase Study}, title = {{L}ongitudinal stability of {MRI} for mapping brain change using tensor-based morphometry.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, year = {2006}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Measures of brain change can be computed from sequential MRI scans, providing valuable information on disease progression, e.g., for patient monitoring and drug trials. Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) creates maps of these brain changes, visualizing the 3D profile and rates of tissue growth or atrophy, but its sensitivity depends on the contrast and geometric stability of the images. As part of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), 17 normal elderly subjects were scanned twice (at a 2-week interval) with several 3D 1.5 T MRI pulse sequences: high and low flip angle SPGR/FLASH (from which Synthetic T1 images were generated), MP-RAGE, IR-SPGR (N = 10) and MEDIC (N = 7) scans. For each subject and scan type, a 3D deformation map aligned baseline and follow-up scans, computed with a nonlinear, inverse-consistent elastic registration algorithm. Voxelwise statistics, in ICBM stereotaxic space, visualized the profile of mean absolute change and its cross-subject variance; these maps were then compared using permutation testing. Image stability depended on: (1) the pulse sequence; (2) the transmit/receive coil type (birdcage versus phased array); (3) spatial distortion corrections (using MEDIC sequence information); (4) B1-field intensity inhomogeneity correction (using N3). SPGR/FLASH images acquired using a birdcage coil had least overall deviation. N3 correction reduced coil type and pulse sequence differences and improved scan reproducibility, except for Synthetic T1 images (which were intrinsically corrected for B1-inhomogeneity). No strong evidence favored B0 correction. Although SPGR/FLASH images showed least deviation here, pulse sequence selection for the ADNI project was based on multiple additional image analyses, to be reported elsewhere.}, keywords = {16480900}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16480900}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @MISC{leung-reconstruction, author = {Carlos Leung and Brian C. Lovell}, title = {3D Reconstruction through Segmentation of Multi-View Image Sequences}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/684705.html}, } @ARTICLE{Lhuillier2005, author = {Maxime Lhuillier and Long Quan}, title = {{A} quasi-dense approach to surface reconstruction from uncalibrated images.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {418--433}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {This paper proposes a quasi-dense approach to 3D surface model acquisition from uncalibrated images. First, correspondence information and geometry are computed based on new quasi-dense point features that are resampled subpixel points from a disparity map. The quasi-dense approach gives more robust and accurate geometry estimations than the standard sparse approach. The robustness is measured as the success rate of full automatic geometry estimation with all involved parameters fixed. The accuracy is measured by a fast gauge-free uncertainty estimation algorithm. The quasi-dense approach also works for more largely separated images than the sparse approach, therefore, it requires fewer images for modeling. More importantly, the quasidense approach delivers a high density of reconstructed 3D points on which a surface representation can be reconstructed. This fills the gap of insufficiency of the sparse approach for surface reconstruction, essential for modeling and visualization applications. Second, surface reconstruction methods from the given quasi-dense geometry are also developed. The algorithm optimizes new unified functionals integrating both 3D quasi-dense points and 2D image information, including silhouettes. Combining both 3D data and 2D images is more robust than the existing methods using only 2D information or only 3D data. An efficient bounded regularization method is proposed to implement the surface evolution by level-set methods. Its properties are discussed and proven for some cases. As a whole, a complete automatic and practical system of 3D modeling from raw images captured by hand-held cameras to surface representation is proposed. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the quasi-dense approach with respect to the standard sparse approach in robustness, accuracy, and applicability.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Calibration, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, DNA Transposable Elements, Diastema, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Gestational Age, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kidney, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Non-U.S. Gov't, Odontogenesis, Pattern Recognition, Photogrammetry, Protein Structure, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Spleen, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Visible Human Project, 15747796}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15747796}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Li2006a, author = {Jin Li and Thomas S Denney}, title = {{L}eft ventricular motion reconstruction with a prolate spheroidal {B}-spline model.}, journal = {Phys Med Biol}, year = {2006}, volume = {51}, pages = {517--537}, number = {3}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Tagged cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can non-invasively image deformation of the left ventricular (LV) wall. Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of tag data requires fitting a deformation model to tag lines in the image data. In this paper, we present a 3D myocardial displacement and strain reconstruction method based on a B-spline deformation model defined in prolate spheroidal coordinates, which more closely matches the shape of the LV wall than existing Cartesian or cylindrical coordinate models. The prolate spheroidal B-spline (PSB) deformation model also enforces smoothness across and can compute strain at the apex. The PSB reconstruction algorithm was evaluated on a previously published data set to allow head-to-head comparison of the PSB model with existing LV deformation reconstruction methods. We conclude that the PSB method can accurately reconstruct deformation and strain in the LV wall from tagged MR images and has several advantages relative to existing techniques.}, doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/51/3/004}, keywords = {16424579}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0031-9155(06)02967-8}, pmid = {16424579}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/3/004}, } @ARTICLE{Li2006, author = {Qi-Yu Li and Shao-Xiang Zhang and Pheng-Ann Heng and Zheng-Jin Liu and Zhi-Fu Lin and Li-Wen Tan and Yong-Min Xie}, title = {{S}egmentation and three-dimension reconstruction of {C}hinese digitized human cerebrum.}, journal = {Comput Med Imaging Graph}, year = {2006}, volume = {30}, pages = {89--94}, number = {2}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A 3D digitized visible model of human cerebrum was built to provide anatomical structure for making plans of cerebral surgical operation and realizing accurate simulation of cerebrum on computer. METHODS: Transverse sectional anatomy data of the cerebrum were chosen from the first Chinese visible human (one male and one female). Semi-automated segmentation and Photoshop software were selected to segment cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei, lateral ventricle, hippocampus, etc. On personal computer, the segmented structures were reconstructed in 3D with volume rendering reconstruction and surface rendering reconstruction. RESULTS: Two accurately segmented images of the main structures of cerebrum were completed. The reconstructed structures can be displayed singly, in small groups or as a whole and can be continuously rotated in 3D space at different velocities. CONCLUSION: Combining volume-rendering reconstruction with surface rendering reconstruction overcomes the defects of surface rendering reconstruction that lack of internal anatomical information, which provides a new method for 3D reconstruction. The reconstructed cerebrum and the main internal structures are realistic, which demonstrates the natural shape and exact position of the structures. It provides an accurate model for the automated segmentation algorithmic study and provides a digitized anatomical mode of cerebrum.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.12.004}, keywords = {16500079}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0895-6111(06)00003-6}, pmid = {16500079}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.12.004}, } @ARTICLE{Li2006b, author = {T. Li and E. Schreibmann and Y. Yang and L. Xing}, title = {{M}otion correction for improved target localization with on-board cone-beam computed tomography.}, journal = {Phys Med Biol}, year = {2006}, volume = {51}, pages = {253--267}, number = {2}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {On-board imager (OBI) based cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become available in radiotherapy clinics to accurately identify the target in the treatment position. However, due to the relatively slow gantry rotation (typically about 60 s for a full 360 degrees scan) in acquiring the CBCT projection data, the patient's respiratory motion causes serious problems such as blurring, doubling, streaking and distortion in the reconstructed images, which heavily degrade the image quality and the target localization. In this work, we present a motion compensation method for slow-rotating CBCT scans by incorporating into image reconstruction a patient-specific motion model, which is derived from previously obtained four-dimensional (4D) treatment planning CT images of the same patient via deformable registration. The registration of the 4D CT phases results in transformations representing a temporal sequence of three-dimensional (3D) deformation fields, or in other words, a 4D model of organ motion. The algorithm was developed heuristically in two-dimensional (2D) parallel-beam geometry and extended to 3D cone-beam geometry. By simulations with digital phantoms capable of translational motion and other complex motion, we demonstrated that the algorithm can reduce the motion artefacts locally, and restore the tumour size and shape, which may thereby improve the accuracy of target localization and patient positioning when CBCT is used as the treatment guidance.}, doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/51/2/005}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Processing, Imaging, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, 16394337}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0031-9155(06)03219-2}, pmid = {16394337}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/2/005}, } @ARTICLE{Li2006c, author = {Wenjun Li and Miki Sode and Isra Saeed and Thomas Lang}, title = {{A}utomated registration of hip and spine for longitudinal {QCT} studies: integration with 3{D} densitometric and structural analysis.}, journal = {Bone}, year = {2006}, volume = {38}, pages = {273--279}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {To eliminate user interaction in longitudinal quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and geometry, we have developed and optimized an automated registration algorithm for QCT images of the hip and spine and integrated it with a previously developed 3D densitometric and structural analysis program. With registration, the follow-up images are automatically aligned with respect to the baseline scans, and the bone quantification of the aligned follow-up scan is initiated based on the bone morphometric features defined on the baseline scan. To validate the algorithm, we analyzed 20 pairs of repeat QCT images (10 hip pairs and 10 spine pairs) acquired on a modern multi-slice CT scanner, with repositioning between each scan pair to simulate repeat visits. Bone measurements obtained with automatic registration achieved comparable or improved precision errors compared to those obtained by careful manual analysis of the follow-up scans. The algorithm we have developed was based on the mutual information approach, with simplex optimization under a multi-resolution scheme. The average registration time was 2.3 min for a hip pair and 1.1 min for a vertebra pair using a standard desktop computer. Based on the reduced user interaction, high degree of precision, and short execution time, this is a promising technique for monitoring therapy in patients and clinical trials.}, doi = {10.1016/j.bone.2005.08.014}, keywords = {80 and over, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure, Alcoholism, Algorithms, Anatomic, Angiography, Ankle Joint, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Biological, Biomechanics, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Corpus Callosum, Digital Subtraction, Dose Fractionation, Drug Administration Schedule, Echo-Planar Imaging, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Forecasting, Health Care, Humans, Hypertension, Hypertensive, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Injections, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Kidney Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metas, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Mediastinum, Middle Aged, Models, Movement, Multivariate Analysis, Muscle, N.I.H., Neoplasm Staging, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Phonetics, Positron-Emission Tomography, Principal Component Analysis, Probability, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality Assurance, ROC Curve, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reference Standards, Research Support, Skeletal, Software Validation, Sound Spectrography, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tongue, Transducers, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, User-Computer Interface, Water, Whole Body Imaging, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, s, tasis, 16199215}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S8756-3282(05)00334-0}, pmid = {16199215}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2005.08.014}, } @ARTICLE{Li2004, author = {Li, Y.F.; Lu, R.S.;}, title = {Uncalibrated Euclidean 3-D reconstruction using an active vision system}, journal = {Robotics and Automation, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {20}, pages = {15 - 25}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Lin2005, author = {Chin-Teng Lin and Wen-Chang Cheng and Sheng-Fu Liang}, title = {{A} 3-d surface reconstruction approach based on postnonlinear {ICA} model.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Neural Netw}, year = {2005}, volume = {16}, pages = {1638--1650}, number = {6}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {Photometric stereo technique deals with the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3-D) shape of an object by using several images of the same surface taken from the same viewpoint but under illuminations from different directions. In this paper, we propose a new photometric stereo scheme based on a new reflectance model and the postnonlinear (PNL) independent components analysis (ICA) method. The proposed nonlinear reflectance model consists of diffuse components and specular components for modeling the surface reflectance of a stereo object in an image. Unlike the previous approaches, these two components are not separated and processed individually in the proposed model. An unsupervised learning adaptation algorithm is developed to estimate the reflectance model based on image intensities. In this algorithm, the PNL ICA method is used to obtain the surface normal on each point of an image. Then, the 3-D surface model is reconstructed based on the estimated surface normal on each point of image by using the enforcing integrability method. Two experiments are performed to assess the performance of the proposed approach. We test our algorithm on synthetically generated images for the reconstruction of surface of objects and on a number of real images captured from the Yale Face Database B. These testing images contain variability due to illumination and varying albedo in each point of surface of human faces. All the experimental results are compared to those of the existing photometric stereo approaches tested on the same images. The results clearly indicate the superiority of the proposed nonlinear reflectance model over the conventional Lambertian model and the other linear hybrid reflectance model.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Aortic Rupture, Arabidopsis, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biol, Biological, Breast Neoplasms, Calcinosis, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cattle, Cell Differentiation, Cell Membrane, Cell Shape, Cell Size, Cells, Cholinergic, Cluster Analysis, Comp, Complementary, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Crystalline, Cultured, Cystoscopy, DNA, DNA Primers, Diagnostic Techniques, Down-Regulation, Elasticity, Electric Stimulation, Electron, Endoscopy, Face, Female, Fibrin, Flowers, Fluorescence, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Regulation, Golgi Apparatus, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immunohistochemistry, Inbred WKY, Information Storage and Retrieval, Lens, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography, Mechanical, Meristem, Microscopy, Microtomy, Models, Muscle, Myoblasts, Myogenin, Neoplasms, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonlinear Dynamics, Nonpenetrating, Ophthalmological, Optic Disk, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Plant Shoots, Precancerous Conditions, Principal Component Analysis, RNA, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Rats, Receptors, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Scanning, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shear Strength, Skeletal, Spine, Statistical, Stress, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Ultrasonic Therapy, Ureteral Diseases, Urethral Diseases, Urologic Diseases, Video, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, ogical, uter-Assisted, 16342503}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16342503}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Liu;2003, author = {Chengjun Liu;}, title = {Capitalize on Dimensionality Increasing Techniques for Improving Face Recognition Grand Challenge Performance}, journal = {Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2003}, volume = {28}, pages = {725 - 737}, note = {Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.90}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Lu2006, author = {Xiaoguang Lu and Anil K Jain and Dirk Colbry}, title = {{M}atching 2.5{D} face scans to 3{D} models.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell}, year = {2006}, volume = {28}, pages = {31--43}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {The performance of face recognition systems that use two-dimensional images depends on factors such as lighting and subject's pose. We are developing a face recognition system that utilizes three-dimensional shape information to make the system more robust to arbitrary pose and lighting. For each subject, a 3D face model is constructed by integrating several 2.5D face scans which are captured from different views. 2.5D is a simplified 3D (x, y, z) surface representation that contains at most one depth value (z direction) for every point in the (x, y) plane. Two different modalities provided by the facial scan, namely, shape and texture, are utilized and integrated for face matching. The recognition engine consists of two components, surface matching and appearance-based matching. The surface matching component is based on a modified Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The candidate list from the gallery used for appearance matching is dynamically generated based on the output of the surface matching component, which reduces the complexity of the appearance-based matching stage. Three-dimensional models in the gallery are used to synthesize new appearance samples with pose and illumination variations and the synthesized face images are used in discriminant subspace analysis. The weighted sum rule is applied to combine the scores given by the two matching components. Experimental results are given for matching a database of 200 3D face models with 598 2.5D independent test scans acquired under different pose and some lighting and expression changes. These results show the feasibility of the proposed matching scheme.}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Angle Class III, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Autoradiography, Biometry, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cephalometry, Cerebral Angiography, Cervical Vertebrae, Comparative Study, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Dexamethasone, Edema, English Abstract, Experimental, Face, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Follow-Up Studies, Forensic Anthropology, Heterotopic, Humans, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Inbred C57BL, Intracranial Aneurysm, Lasers, Lewis Lung, Liver Neoplasms, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Malocclusion, Mandible, Maxilla, Mice, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Non-P.H.S., Ossification, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Positron-Emission Tomography, Postoperative Complications, Premedication, Prospective Studies, Radiation Dosage, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spondylitis, Subtraction Technique, Surgical Instruments, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Distribution, Titanium, Tomography, Tomography Scanners, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, United States, X-Ray Computed, 16402617}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16402617}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Lupetti2005, author = {Pietro Lupetti and Salvatore Lanzavecchia and David Mercati and Francesca Cantele and Romano Dallai and Caterina Mencarelli}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional reconstruction of axonemal outer dynein arms in situ by electron tomography.}, journal = {Cell Motil Cytoskeleton}, year = {2005}, volume = {62}, pages = {69--83}, number = {2}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {We present here for the first time a 3D reconstruction of in situ axonemal outer dynein arms. This reconstruction has been obtained by electron tomography applied to a series of tilted images collected from metal replicas of rapidly frozen, cryofractured, and metal-replicated sperm axonemes of the cecidomid dipteran Monarthropalpus flavus. This peculiar axonemal model consists of several microtubular laminae that proved to be particularly suitable for this type of analysis. These laminae are sufficiently planar to allow the visualization of many dynein molecules within the same fracture face, allowing us to recover a significant number of equivalent objects and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstruction by applying advanced averaging protocols. The 3D model we obtained showed the following interesting structural features: First, each dynein arm has two head domains that are almost parallel and are obliquely oriented with respect to the longitudinal axis of microtubules. The two heads are therefore positioned at different distances from the surface of the A-tubule. Second, each head domain consists of a series of globular subdomains that are positioned on the same plane. Third, a stalk domain originates as a conical region from the proximal head and ends with a small globular domain that contacts the B-tubule. Fourth, the stem region comprises several globular subdomains and presents two distinct points of anchorage to the surface of the A-tubule. Finally, and most importantly, contrary to what has been observed in isolated dynein molecules adsorbed to flat surfaces, the stalk and the stem domains are not in the same plane as the head.}, doi = {10.1002/cm.20084}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, English Abstract, Extramural, Femur Head, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Pathologic, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16106450}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16106450}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.20084}, } @MISC{M.Pollefeys2001, author = {M.Pollefeys,}, title = {"Obtaining 3D Models with a Handheld Camera, "}, howpublished = {Siggraph Course, ACM,2001, Course notes CD-ROM;}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~marc/tutorial/}, } @ARTICLE{Macgowan2005, author = {Christopher K Macgowan and Osama Al-Kwifi and Florence Varodayan and Shi-Joon Yoo and Graham A Wright and Christian J Kellenberger}, title = {{O}ptimization of 3{D} contrast-enhanced pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2005}, volume = {54}, pages = {207--212}, number = {1}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {Contrast kinetics were studied in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and ascending aorta (AAo) of 12 children with congenital heart disease. This information was used to optimize the timing of data acquisition for contrast-enhanced MR angiography in these vessels. To reduce contrast-agent dosage in these fragile patients, contrast enhancement was measured during routine diagnostic 3D magnetic resonance (MR) angiography instead of using test-bolus methods. This was possible by acquiring 2D cross-sectional images of the MPA and AAo during the 3D scan. Time-to-peak in the MPA and AAo was 4.9 +/- 2.2 and 6.1 +/- 2.2 s, respectively, while the transit time between the two vessels was 4.5 +/- 0.6 s. A point-spread-function analysis showed that intravascular signal strength was maximized if data acquisition began 4.7 +/- 2.3 s after the first arrival of contrast in the MPA and 5.6 +/- 2.3 s in the AAo. Little signal loss and artifact resulted when longer acquisition delays were used because contrast-agent clearance was slow. Based on these results, MR angiography of both the MPA and the AAo in children with congenital heart disease can be performed using elliptic-centric k-space sampling and a trigger delay of 7.9 s after contrast arrival in the AAo (i.e., time-to-peak signal strength in the AAo plus one SD to account for intersubject variability).}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20538}, keywords = {Administration, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Angiography, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Atrial Fibrillation, Biliary Tract, Brain Mapping, Case-Control Studies, Catheter Ablation, Child, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Congenital, Contrast Media, Coronary Vessels, Cranial Nerve Diseases, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Drug, Ear, Echo-Planar Imaging, Electrocardiography, Endoscopy, Extramural, Fem, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gadolinium DTPA, Heart Defects, Hepatic Artery, Hepatic Vein Thrombosis, Hepatic Veins, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Inner, Liver, Liver Transplantation, Living Donors, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Medical Illustration, Mesenteric Artery, Methylprednisolone, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optic Chiasm, Optic Nerve, Oral, Oral Surgical Procedures, Oxygen, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Phantoms, Pilot Projects, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Portal Vein, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, Preoperative Care, Prospective Studies, Pu, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Veins, Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Subtraction Technique, Superior, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Tissue and Organ Harvesting, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Vascular Diseases, Venae Cavae, X-Ray Computed, ale, lse Therapy, 15968668}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15968668}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20538}, } @ARTICLE{Magnor2005, author = {Marcus Magnor and Gordon Kindlmann and Charles Hansen and Neb Duric}, title = {{R}econstruction and visualization of planetary nebulae.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph}, year = {2005}, volume = {11}, pages = {485--496}, number = {5}, abstract = {From our terrestrially confined viewpoint, the actual three-dimensional shape of distant astronomical objects is, in general, very challenging to determine. For one class of astronomical objects, however, spatial structure can be recovered from conventional 2D images alone. So-called planetary nebulae (PNe) exhibit pronounced symmetry characteristics that come about due to fundamental physical processes. Making use of this symmetry constraint, we present a technique to automatically recover the axisymmetric structure of many planetary nebulae from photographs. With GPU-based volume rendering driving a nonlinear optimization, we estimate the nebula's local emission density as a function of its radial and axial coordinates and we recover the orientation of the nebula relative to Earth. The optimization refines the nebula model and its orientation by minimizing the differences between the rendered image and the original astronomical image. The resulting model allows creating realistic 3D visualizations of these nebulae, for example, for planetarium shows and other educational purposes. In addition, the recovered spatial distribution of the emissive gas can help astrophysicists gain deeper insight into the formation processes of planetary nebulae.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Extramural, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Proteins, Protons, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Zebrafish, n, 16144246}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16144246}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Marti2004, author = {Gaëtan Marti and Charles Baur and Pierre-Yves Zambelli}, title = {{O}ptimal femoral head contour segmentation in {CT} images using dynamic programming.}, journal = {Technol Health Care}, year = {2004}, volume = {12}, pages = {315--322}, number = {4}, abstract = {We present a new contour segmentation method for femoral head detection in CT images. The principal idea underlying our approach is to represent the contour using active rays. Each ray has internal energy (continuity and smoothness constraints), as well as external energy (image-oriented edges and global a-priori knowledge). The causal nature of this representation allows a globally optimal, non-iterative solution to be found using dynamic programming. Moreover, even pathological bone structures can be automatically segmented. Several clinical situations on pelvis CT scan with hip degenerative change shows that this approach is more efficient than conventional methods. In this paper, we describe our method and discuss how it can be used to create graphical 3D models of the hip that are suitable for preoperative planning.}, keywords = {Acute Disease, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Artifacts, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Bile Ducts, Blood Flow Velocity, Brain, Cerebral Infarction, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cholangiocarcinoma, Comparative Study, Computer Communication Networks, Computer-Assist, Computer-Assisted, Constriction, Coronary Vessels, Dental Alloys, Dental Arch, Dental Models, Dental Restoration, Dentition, Echo-Planar Imaging, Emission-Computed, Endosonography, English Abstract, Female, Femur Head, Follow-Up Studies, France, Heart, Hip Joint, Humans, Hypertension, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Pr, Image Processing, Imaging, Inbred C57BL, Intrahepatic, Jaw, Labor, Left, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Maternal Age, Maxilla, Mice, Middle Aged, Models, Multiple Sclerosis, Myocardial Contraction, Neoplasm Staging, Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Obstetric, Open Bite, Operative, Optics, Organ Size, Oxygen Radioisotopes, P.H.S., Pancreatic Neoplasms, Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Pathologic, Patient Care Planning, Permanent, Phantoms, Portal, Portal Vein, Portography, Positron-Emission Tomography, Postoperative Care, Postoperative Complications, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Preoperative Care, Probability, Prognathism, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Single-Photon, Software, Software Validation, Spiral Computed, Surgical Procedures, Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urinary Catheterization, Urinary Retention, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Function, Water, X-Ray Computed, ed, ocessing, 15502282}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15502282}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Martinez2005, author = {L. Martínez and S. González-Reyes and F. Hernández and V. Fernández-Dumont and W. Martínez-Calonge and E. Burgos and J. A. Tovar}, title = {[{A}plication of a 3{D} reconstruction model for the analysis of nitrofeninduced intrathoracic malformations]}, journal = {Cir Pediatr}, year = {2005}, volume = {18}, pages = {165--169}, number = {4}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Three dimensional computer-assisted reconstruction offers some adventages for analysis and comparison of biological phenomena and anatomical structures. The CDH nitrofen-induced animal model associates multiple anomalies in neural-crest derived tissues. The goal of this study is to analyse by a 3-D reconstruction software the malformations in the extrinsic innervation of the esophagus in this model. METHODS: Nine control fetuses from 4 dams and 9 fetuses with CDH from 7 dams were studied. A thoracic block from the larynx to tracheal bifurcation was serially sectioned in the horizontal plane in every embryo. One in every 10 sections was stained with HE. The image was digitalized using biological software (TDR-3dbase). Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves, trachea, esophagus and the great vessels were examined. In order to obtain the 3-D reconstructions, 90 to 120 consecutive images were used. RESULTS: In comparison with controls there were striking abnormalities of these nerves in fetuses with CDH: 1) Absence of the left (2/9) or right (2/9) vagus nerves. 2) Absence of the left (3/9) or right (3/9) recurrent laryngeal nerves. 3) Marked hypoplasia of the trunk of the vagus (2/9). 4) Deviations of their normal course and change of normal anatomical relationships into the mediastinum (2/9). CONCLUSIONS: To fullfill our goals 3-D reconstructions allow a detailed analysis and provide a precise insight into the real anatomy. Rat fetuses with CDH have anomalies of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves that support the concept of a neural crest involvement in the origin of this malformation. These observations may explain esophageal motility disorders in CDH.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Biophysics, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Humans, Minimally Invasive, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Surgical Procedures, 16466142}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16466142}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Mattout2006, author = {Jérémie Mattout and Christophe Phillips and William D Penny and Michael D Rugg and Karl J Friston}, title = {{MEG} source localization under multiple constraints: {A}n extended {B}ayesian framework.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, year = {2006}, volume = {30}, pages = {753--767}, number = {3}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {To use Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) as functional brain 3D imaging techniques, identifiable distributed source models are required. The reconstruction of EEG/MEG sources rests on inverting these models and is ill-posed because the solution does not depend continuously on the data and there is no unique solution in the absence of prior information or constraints. We have described a general framework that can account for several priors in a common inverse solution. An empirical Bayesian framework based on hierarchical linear models was proposed for the analysis of functional neuroimaging data [Friston, K., Penny, W., Phillips, C., Kiebel, S., Hinton, G., Ashburner, J., 2002. Classical and Bayesian inference in neuroimaging: theory. NeuroImage 16, 465-483] and was evaluated recently in the context of EEG [Phillips, C., Mattout, J., Rugg, M.D., Maquet, P., Friston, K., 2005. An empirical Bayesian solution to the source reconstruction problem in EEG. NeuroImage 24, 997-1011]. The approach consists of estimating the expected source distribution and its conditional variance that is constrained by an empirically determined mixture of prior variance components. Estimation uses Expectation-Maximization (EM) to give the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (ReML) estimate of the variance components (in terms of hyperparameters) and the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimate of the source parameters. In this paper, we extend the framework to compare different combinations of priors, using a second level of inference based on Bayesian model selection. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, ReML is first compared to a classic Weighted Minimum Norm (WMN) solution under a single constraint. Then, the ReML estimates are evaluated using various combinations of priors. Both standard criterion and ROC-based measures were used to assess localization and detection performance. The empirical Bayes approach proved useful as: (1) ReML was significantly better than WMN for single priors; (2) valid location priors improved ReML source localization; (3) invalid location priors did not significantly impair performance. Finally, we show how model selection, using the log-evidence, can be used to select the best combination of priors. This enables a global strategy for multiple prior-based regularization of the MEG/EEG source reconstruction.}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.037}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Blood Volume, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Rabbits, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16368248}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1053-8119(05)02418-3}, pmid = {16368248}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.037}, } @ARTICLE{Medina2004, author = {Medina, R.; Garreau, M.; Toro, J.; Coatrieux, J.-L.; Jugo, D.;}, title = {Three-dimensional reconstruction of the left ventricle from two angiographic views: an evidence combination approach}, journal = {Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {34}, pages = {359 - 370}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Merwa2005, author = {Robert Merwa and Karl Hollaus and Patricia Brunner and Hermann Scharfetter}, title = {{S}olution of the inverse problem of magnetic induction tomography ({MIT}).}, journal = {Physiol Meas}, year = {2005}, volume = {26}, pages = {S241--S250}, number = {2}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) of biological tissue is used to reconstruct the changes in the complex conductivity distribution inside an object under investigation. The measurement principle is based on determining the perturbation DeltaB of a primary alternating magnetic field B0, which is coupled from an array of excitation coils to the object under investigation. The corresponding voltages DeltaV and V0 induced in a receiver coil carry the information about the passive electrical properties (i.e. conductivity, permittivity and permeability). The reconstruction of the conductivity distribution requires the solution of a 3D inverse eddy current problem. As in EIT the inverse problem is ill-posed and on this account some regularization scheme has to be applied. We developed an inverse solver based on the Gauss-Newton-one-step method for differential imaging, and we implemented and tested four different regularization schemes: the first and second approaches employ a classical smoothness criterion using the unit matrix and a differential matrix of first order as the regularization matrix. The third method is based on variance uniformization, and the fourth method is based on the truncated singular value decomposition. Reconstructions were carried out with synthetic measurement data generated with a spherical perturbation at different locations within a conducting cylinder. Data were generated on a different mesh and 1\% random noise was added. The model contained 16 excitation coils and 32 receiver coils which could be combined pairwise to give 16 planar gradiometers. With 32 receiver coils all regularization methods yield fairly good 3D-images of the modelled changes of the conductivity distribution, and prove the feasibility of difference imaging with MIT. The reconstructed perturbations appear at the right location, and their size is in the expected range. With 16 planar gradiometers an additional spurious feature appears mirrored with respect to the median plane with negative sign. This demonstrates that a symmetrical arrangement with one ring of planar gradiometers cannot distinguish between a positive conductivity change at the true location and a negative conductivity change at the mirrored location.}, doi = {10.1088/0967-3334/26/2/023}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Substitutes, Brain, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Metals, Models, Movement, Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oryza sativa, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15798237}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0967-3334(05)88029-3}, pmid = {15798237}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/26/2/023}, } @ARTICLE{Michailidis2003, author = {G. D. Michailidis and P. Papageorgiou and R. W. Morris and D. L. Economides}, title = {{T}he use of three-dimensional ultrasound for fetal gender determination in the first trimester.}, journal = {Br J Radiol}, year = {2003}, volume = {76}, pages = {448--451}, number = {907}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of fetal gender prediction at a routine first trimester scan using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. 200 women were recruited for this study and they agreed to have a transvaginal scan for their routine first trimester scan for fetal anatomy and nuchal thickness measurement. 3D volumes were obtained and stored. Two examiners independently reviewed all the volumes and recorded their diagnosis of fetal gender and measured the angle between the genital tubercle and the skin overlying the sacrum. After studying the 3D volumes both examiners recorded a diagnosis of male or female in 150 cases (81.5\%). In 34 cases (18.5\%) either both (n=21) or one of them (n=13) could not comment on fetal gender by studying the saved volume. From these 150 cases correct prediction of fetal gender by both examiners was achieved in 85.3\% of cases. In 6.7\% of cases both examiners predicted the wrong gender while for the rest 8\% of cases each examiner assigned different gender to the fetus (k=0.84; standard error 0.045). Angle measurements performed from the saved 3D volumes were highly reproducible. Gestational age did not affect the accuracy of gender identification. This study demonstrates that 3D ultrasound can be an effective and fast way of identifying fetal gender in the first trimester. The advantages of 3D ultrasound stem from its ability to virtually reproduce all required views.}, keywords = {Abdominal, Adult, Aged, Agraphia, Airway Obstruction, Algorithms, Allergic, Ambulatory, Anal Canal, Aneurysm, Animal, Animals, Anti-Allergic Agents, Anus, Anus Diseases, Aortic Aneurysm, Articular, Artifacts, Atrophy, Basilar Artery, Biomechanics, Brain, Bronchoscopy, Carcinoma, Cartilage, Cephalometry, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebral Veins, Child, Circle of Willis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Conjunctivitis, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Diagnosis, Dibenzoxepins, Differential, Disease Models, Disease Progression, Distraction, Double-Blind Method, Electromagnetic Fields, Emission-Computed, English Abstract, Equipment Failure Analysis, Eyelids, Face, Facial Expression, Facial Muscles, Feeding Methods, Female, Finite Element Analysis, First, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Follow-Up Studies, Frontal Lobe, Genitalia, Glucose, Graft Rejection, Haversian System, Heart, Heart Rate, Hepatocellular, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Process, Image Processing, Imaging, Imperforate, Infant, Interventional, Iohexol, Iron, Kidney, Kidney Transplantation, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Laparoscopy, Laryngoscopy, Lasers, Liver Neoplasms, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetics, Male, Mandible, Maxillofacial Abnormalities, Memory, Mesencephalon, Micrognathism, Middle Aged, Models, Monitoring, Muscle Contraction, Neoplasms, Newborn, Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Ophthalmic Solutions, Oral, Osteogenesis, Oxides, P.H.S., Parietal Lobe, Phantoms, Phlebography, Pons, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Prenatal, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Reference Values, Renal Artery, Renal Artery Obstruction, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Determination (Analysis), Sodium Iodide, Surgery, Swine, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tracheostomy, Transducers, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonics, Ultrasonography, X-Ray Computed, ing, 12857703}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {12857703}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Mir2004, author = {Roberto Mir and Andres Guesalaga and Juan Spiniak and Marcelo Guarini and Pablo Irarrazaval}, title = {{F}ast three-dimensional k-space trajectory design using missile guidance ideas.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2004}, volume = {52}, pages = {329--336}, number = {2}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) k-space trajectories are needed to acquire volumetric images in MRI. While scan time is determined by the trajectory efficiency, image quality and distortions depend on the shape of the trajectories. There are several 3D trajectory strategies for sampling the k-space using rectilinear or curve schemes. Since there is no evidence about their optimality in terms of image quality and acquisition time, a new design method based on missile guidance ideas is explored. Since air-to-air missile guidance shares similar goals and constraints with the problem of k-space trajectory design, a control approach for missiles is used to design a 3D trajectory. The k-space is divided into small cubes, and each one is treated as a target to be sampled. The main goal is to cover the entire space as quickly and efficiently as possible, with good performance under different conditions. This novel design method is compared to other trajectories using simulated and real data. As an example, a trajectory that requires 0.11 times the number of shots needed by the cylindrical 3DFT acquisition was designed. This trajectory requires more shots (1.66 times) than the stack of spirals, but behaves better under nonideal conditions, such as off-resonance and motion.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20163}, keywords = {Abducens Nerve, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Amyloid beta-Protein, Analysis of Variance, Anatomic, Aneurysm, Animals, Artifacts, Autologous, Axons, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cattle, Cerebellar Diseases, Cerebellar Neoplasms, Cerebellopontine Angle, Cerebral, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Veins, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Circular Dichroism, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Conjoined, Contrast Media, Cranial Nerves, Cranial Sinuses, Crystallography, Cyclic, DNA, Disulfides, Dominance, Doppler, Drug Design, Ear, Echocardiography, Electrophoresis, Endolymph, English Abstract, Facial Nerve, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fetal Heart, Gadolinium DTPA, Head, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Inner, Kidney Transplantation, Leucine Zippers, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Mathematical Computing, Middle Aged, Models, Molecular, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelinated, Nerve Fibers, Netherlands, Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Procedures, Non-U.S. Gov't, Oligopeptides, P.H.S., Patient Care Team, Peptide Fragments, Peptides, Phantoms, Plastic, Polyacrylamide Gel, Pregnancy, Prenatal, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Pyramidal Tracts, Reference Values, Renal Artery, Research Supp, Research Support, Solutions, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Surgery, Suriname, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Transcription Factor AP-1, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, Trigeminal Nerve, Twins, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Umbilical Arteries, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, X-Ray, ort, 15282815}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15282815}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20163}, } @ARTICLE{Motai2004, author = {Motai, Y.; Kak, A.;}, title = {An interactive framework for acquiring vision models of 3-D objects from 2-D images}, journal = {Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {34}, pages = {566 - 578}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{mulliganperformance, author = {Jane Mulligan and Volkan Isler and Kostas Daniilidis}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Stereo for Tele-presence}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'01)}, year = {2001}, volume = {2}, pages = {558-565}, address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, month = {July}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mulligan01performance.html}, } @ARTICLE{Moeller2005, author = {F. Møller and M. Laursen and A. Sjølie}, title = {{F}ixation topography in normal test persons.}, journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol}, year = {2005}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The eye is moved so that the object of interest falls on the central fovea, where the spatial resolution is highest. In the present study we quantified eye movements of normal test persons during steady fixation and characterized the fixation using a 3D fixation plot (X horizontal eye position, Y vertical eye position, Z time in each eye position). METHOD: Fixation eye movements were quantified binocularly in ten normal test persons during a 40-s fixation task using an infrared recording technique. RESULTS: The fixation plot was characterized by a single preferred fixation locus in 17 eyes. One eye had two distinctly separated preferred fixation locations and in two eyes the configuration of fixation plot was flat with no single identifiable locus of fixation. The fixation plots were elliptical along the horizontal meridian in 9 eyes, elliptical along the vertical meridian in 8 eyes, and round in 3 eyes. The fixation area (RAF95) ranged between 1418 and 14182 arcmin(2), and a significant positive correlation was found between RAF95 and the mean microsaccadic amplitude (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The fixation plots are often characterized by a single preferred fixation locus but may also be almost flat with no identifiable location of fixation. The individual fixations patterns resembles the cone density contour plots as found in histological studies, and it may be speculated, that the shape of the fixation plot is determined by the cone density topography.}, doi = {10.1007/s00417-004-0869-z}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Atomic Force, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Child, Comparative Study, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Male, Meniere's Disease, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Protein Conformation, Receptors, Scoliosis, Solutions, Thoracic Vertebrae, Treatment Outcome, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, 16170533}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16170533}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-004-0869-z}, } @ARTICLE{Nadeau2005, author = {Owen W Nadeau and Edward P Gogol and Gerald M Carlson}, title = {{C}ryoelectron microscopy reveals new features in the three-dimensional structure of phosphorylase kinase.}, journal = {Protein Sci}, year = {2005}, volume = {14}, pages = {914--920}, number = {4}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Phosphorylase kinase (PhK), a regulatory enzyme in the cascade activation of glycogenolysis, is a 1.3-MDa hexadecameric complex, (alphabetagammadelta)(4). PhK comprises two arched octameric (alphabetagammadelta)(2) lobes that are oriented back-to-back with overall D(2) symmetry and connected by small bridges. These interlobal bridges, arguably the most questionable structural component of PhK, are one of several structural features that potentially are artifactually generated or altered by conventional sample preparation techniques for electron microscopy (EM). To minimize such artifacts, we have solved by cryoEM the first three-dimensional (3D) structure of nonactivated PhK from images of frozen hydrated molecules of the kinase. Minimal dose electron micrographs of PhK in vitreous ice revealed particles in a multitude of orientations. A simple model was used to orient the individual images for 3D reconstruction, followed by multiple rounds of refinement. Three-dimensional reconstruction of nonactivated PhK from approximately 5000 particles revealed a bridged, bilobal molecule with a resolution estimated by Fourier shell correlation analysis at 25 A. This new structure suggests that several prominent features observed in the structure of PhK derived from negatively stained particles arise as artifacts of specimen preparation. In comparison to the structure from negative staining, the cryoEM structure shows three important differences: (1) a dihedral angle between the two lobes of approximately 90 degrees instead of 68 degrees, (2) a compact rather than extended structure for the lobes, and (3) the presence of four, rather than two, connecting bridges, which provides the first direct evidence for these components as authentic elements of the kinase solution structure.}, doi = {10.1110/ps.041123905}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Brain, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cryoelectron Microscopy, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diastema, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Extramural, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kidney, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Molecular, N.I.H., Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, U.S. Gov't, Visible Human Project, 15741332}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {ps.041123905}, pmid = {15741332}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.041123905}, } @ARTICLE{Nakai2005, author = {Shuryo Nakai and Eunice C Y Li-Chan and Jinglie Dou}, title = {{P}attern similarity study of functional sites in protein sequences: lysozymes and cystatins.}, journal = {BMC Biochem}, year = {2005}, volume = {6}, pages = {9}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although it is generally agreed that topography is more conserved than sequences, proteins sharing the same fold can have different functions, while there are protein families with low sequence similarity. An alternative method for profile analysis of characteristic conserved positions of the motifs within the 3D structures may be needed for functional annotation of protein sequences. Using the approach of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), we have proposed a new algorithm for postulating functional mechanisms on the basis of pattern similarity and average of property values of side-chains in segments within sequences. This approach was used to search for functional sites of proteins belonging to the lysozyme and cystatin families. RESULTS: Hydrophobicity and beta-turn propensity of reference segments with 3-7 residues were used for the homology similarity search (HSS) for active sites. Hydrogen bonding was used as the side-chain property for searching the binding sites of lysozymes. The profiles of similarity constants and average values of these parameters as functions of their positions in the sequences could identify both active and substrate binding sites of the lysozyme of Streptomyces coelicolor, which has been reported as a new fold enzyme (Cellosyl). The same approach was successfully applied to cystatins, especially for postulating the mechanisms of amyloidosis of human cystatin C as well as human lysozyme. CONCLUSION: Pattern similarity and average index values of structure-related properties of side chains in short segments of three residues or longer were, for the first time, successfully applied for predicting functional sites in sequences. This new approach may be applicable to studying functional sites in un-annotated proteins, for which complete 3D structures are not yet available.}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2091-6-9}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amino Acid, Amino Acid Sequence, Anatomy, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Aortography, Atomic Force, Binding Sites, Biomechanics, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Case-Control Studies, Cattle, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Chickens, Child, Chitosan, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Sectional, Cultured, Cystatins, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Embryo, Embryonic Development, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extracellular Matrix, Extramural, Female, Fishes, Fourier Analysis, Gentamicins, Head, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Male, Mammary Arteries, Meniere's Disease, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Movement, Muramidase, Muscles, Myocardial Revascularization, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonmammalian, Notochord, Nystagmus, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, Optokinetic, P.H.S., Photoreceptors, Polyesters, Postoperative Complications, Protein, Protein Conformation, Protein Structure, Radiography, Rats, Receptors, Reoperation, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Retrospective Studies, Scapula, Scoliosis, Secondary, Sequence Analysis, Sequence Homology, Solutions, Thoracic, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Turkeys, U.S. Gov't, Umbilical Veins, Vertebrate, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray Computed, 15904486}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {1471-2091-6-9}, pmid = {15904486}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-6-9}, } @ARTICLE{Nakasima2005, author = {Akihiko Nakasima and Masahiko Terajima and Noriko Mori and Yoshihiro Hoshino and Kenji Tokumori and Yoshimitu Aoki and Shuji Hashimoto}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional computer-generated head model reconstructed from cephalograms, facial photographs, and dental cast models.}, journal = {Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop}, year = {2005}, volume = {127}, pages = {282--292}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Three-dimensional (3D) computer models of the human craniofacial structure have been constructed with computed tomography (CT). However, the high cost of CT and the radiation exposure are drawbacks to this method. Attempts to create a 3D reconstruction from lateral and frontal cephalograms have failed because of problems with magnification, distortion, and limitations of landmark identification, among others. We introduce a new method that creates a standard head model for a patient from anatomic measurement points extracted from x-ray images, facial stereo photographs, and dental casts. MATERIAL: To obtain precise 3D coordinates from cephalograms, several equations were introduced to compensate for radiographic image magnification and distortion. RESULTS: By comparing the constructed model and 3D-CT images, this method proved to be accurate. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to produce a 3D head model on a personal computer and to view it from any desired angle; this will provide easy-to-understand information for patients and establish a diagnostic or therapeutic method for communication with other health care providers.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.11.030}, keywords = {, Regeneration, Absorbable Implants, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Automated, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Substitutes, Bony Callus, Brain, Breast, Cadaver, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cephalometry, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Densitometry, Dental, Dental Models, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Femoral Fractures, Femur, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Foot, Foot Bones, Fracture Healing, Guided Tissue, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Japan, Joint Instability, Lactates, Ligaments, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Metals, Microcomputers, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Orthopedic Procedures, Oryza sativa, Osteogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Polydioxanone, Polyethylene Glycols, Posture, Pressure, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Recombinant Proteins, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skull, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Computed, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Weight-Bearing, Wrist Joint, X-Ray, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15775942}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0889540604009230}, pmid = {15775942}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.11.030}, } @ARTICLE{Nau2005, author = {Thomas Nau and Yan Chevalier and Nicola Hagemeister and Nicolas Duval and Jacques A deGuise}, title = {3{D} kinematic in-vitro comparison of posterolateral corner reconstruction techniques in a combined injury model.}, journal = {Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc}, year = {2005}, volume = {13}, pages = {572--580}, number = {7}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {With the variable injury pattern to the posterolateral structures (PLS) of the knee, a number of reconstructive procedures have been introduced. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate the resulting 3D kinematics following three different surgical techniques of reconstruction in a combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)/PLS injury model. In nine human cadaveric knees, 3D kinematics were recorded during the path of flexion-extension using a computer based custom made 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) testing apparatus. Additional laxity tests were conducted at 30 and 90 degrees of flexion. Testing was performed before and after cutting the PLS and PCL, followed by PCL reconstruction alone. Reconstructing the posterolateral corner, three surgical techniques were compared: (a) the posterolateral corner sling procedure (PLCS), (b) the biceps tenodesis (BT), and (c) a bone patellar-tendon bone (BTB) allograft reconstruction. Posterior as well as rotational laxity were significantly increased after PCL/PLS transection at 30 and 90 degrees of flexion. Isolated PCL reconstruction resulted in a remaining external rotational deficiency for both tested flexion angles. Additional PLS reconstruction closely restored external rotation as well as posterior translation to intact values by all tested procedures. Compared to the intact knee, dynamic testing revealed a significant internal tibial rotation for (b) BT (mean=3.9 degrees, p=0.043) and for (c) BTB allograft (mean=4.3 degrees, p=0.012). (a) The PLCS demonstrated a tendency to internal tibial rotation between 0 and 60 degrees of flexion (mean=2.2 degrees, p=0.079). Varus/valgus rotation as well as anterior/posterior translation did not show significant differences for any of the tested techniques. The present study shows that despite satisfying results in static laxity testing, pathological 3D knee kinematics were not restored to normal, demonstrated by a nonphysiological internal tibial rotation during the path of flexion-extension.}, doi = {10.1007/s00167-004-0586-5}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, 15703964}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15703964}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-004-0586-5}, } @CONFERENCE{nebel01generation, author = {Jean-Christophe Nebel}, title = {Generation of True 3D Films}, booktitle = {International Conference on Virtual Storytelling}, year = {2001}, pages = {10-19}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/nebel01generation.html}, } @ARTICLE{nebel00soft, author = {Jean-Christophe Nebel}, title = {Soft Tissue Modeling from 3D Scanned Data}, year = {2000}, pages = {85-97}, booktitle = {{DEFORM}/{AVATARS}}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/nebel00soft.html}, } @ARTICLE{Neusser2006, author = {Timea P Neusser and Martin Hess and Gerhard Haszprunar and Michael Schrödl}, title = {{C}omputer-based three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomy of {M}icrohedyle remanei ({M}arcus, 1953), an interstitial acochlidian gastropod from {B}ermuda.}, journal = {J Morphol}, year = {2006}, volume = {267}, pages = {231--247}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Phylogenetic analysis of the highly enigmatic and aberrant acochlidian opisthobranch gastropods is mainly hindered by the lack of reliable anatomical data. Due to their small size, marine interstitial acochlidian species are not suitable for anatomical investigations by dissecting. The tinyness and complexity of, e.g., opisthobranch central nervous and reproductive systems make data derived from older paraffin-based histology and interpretation by hand-based graphical reconstruction questionable. In a former study, a hermaphroditic member of the basal acochlidian genus Hedylopsis ("Hedylopsacea") has been examined in detail. The present study uses the gonochoric Microhedyle remanei (Microhedylidae) as a model organism of the other traditional major acochlidian subgroup, the "Microhedylacea." More than 20 specimens with up to 2 mm body length were extracted from coarse subtidal sand near Castle Roads, Bermuda Islands. Their central nervous, digestive, circulatory, excretory, and genital systems were reconstructed three-dimensionally from serial semithin histological sections using AMIRA software. The radula was analyzed by SEM. Our specimens closely resemble the original description of M. remanei (Marcus, 1953; as Unela) from Brazil; apparent differences regarding the number of visceral loop ganglia or details of male genitalia are assumed to be due to oversights by the former author or because of different ontogenetic stages. Microhedyle remanei differs from all congeners due to the lack (vs. presence) of eyes; further distinguishing features are discussed. In contrast to members of the hedylopsacean Hedylopsidae, Acochlidiidae, and Tantulidae, M. remanei shows a nervous system with numerous precerebral accessory "ganglia" that are not differentiated into cortex and medulla. While all Microhedylidae previously were thought to lack a heart, M. remanei shows a two-chambered heart, as is usual for opisthobranchs. The oocytes of M. remanei are yolky and large in relation to body size and suggest intracapsular larval development. A comparative microanatomical discussion and the distribution of characters within acochlidian taxa indicate that the current classification of the Acochlidia does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Detailed structural investigations on further poorly known species are required; the computer-based 3D reconstruction of semithin serial sections with AMIRA is shown to be an ideal tool for efficient analysis and presentation of the microanatomy of small specimens.}, doi = {10.1002/jmor.10398}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Bermuda, Biological, Blood Volume, Bronchi, Bronchoscopy, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Digestive System, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Gastropoda, Genitalia, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nervous System, Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Robotics, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Trachea, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16292773}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16292773}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10398}, } @MISC{nevatia-automatic, author = {R. Nevatia and K. Price}, title = {Automatic and Interactive Modeling of Buildings in Urban Environmentsfi 'om Aerial Images}, text = {R. Nevatia and K. Price, Automatic and Interactive Modeling of Buildings in Urban Environmentsfi 'om Aerial Images. IEEE ICIP}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/nevatia02automatic.html}, } @ARTICLE{Novosad2004, author = {Novosad, J.; Cheriet, F.; Petit, Y.; Labelle, H.;}, title = {Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the spine from a single X-ray image and prior vertebra models}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {51}, pages = {1628 - 1639}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ogihara2006, author = {Naomichi Ogihara and Masato Nakatsukasa and Yoshihiko Nakano and Hidemi Ishida}, title = {{C}omputerized restoration of nonhomogeneous deformation of a fossil cranium based on bilateral symmetry.}, journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol}, year = {2006}, volume = {130}, pages = {1--9}, number = {1}, month = {May}, abstract = {We developed a computerized method of correcting plastic deformation of a fossil skull, based on bilateral symmetry with respect to the midsagittal plane, and applied this method to reconstruction of a fossilized Proconsul heseloni cranium (KNM-RU-7290A). A three-dimensional (3D) model of the fossil was generated using consecutive cross-sectional images retrieved from computed tomography. 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks that should be located on the midsagittal plane and pairs of landmarks that should be symmetrical with respect to this plane were acquired. These landmarks were then repositioned so that geometrical constraints were satisfied, while translated distances of landmarks were minimized. We adopted a thin-plate spline function to mathematically describe the 3D nonlinear volumetric transformation between acquired and repositioned landmarks. Using this function, the entire fossil shape was transformed, and the effect of reversing the deformation could be visualized. The results indicated that the proposed method was effective in eliminating nonhomogeneous deformation of the fossil skull. The antemortem appearance of the skull cannot be completely restored by this method alone, due to methodological limitations. However, the presented method has a role as an adjunct in complementing conventional restoration techniques on account of its objective nature. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20332}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Blood Volume, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Rabbits, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16353222}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16353222}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20332}, } @CONFERENCE{Okker2004, author = {Okker, B.H.; Yan, C.H.; Zhang, J.; Ong, S.H.; Teoh, S.H.;}, title = {Accurate and fully automatic 3D registration of spinal images using normalized mutual information}, year = {2004}, journal = {Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2004 IEEE International Workshop on 1-3 Dec. 2004 Page(s):S3/1 - S5-8}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Okubo2005, author = {Masaki Okubo and Shinichi Wada and Masatoshi Saito}, title = {{V}alidation of the blurring of a small object on {CT} images calculated on the basis of three-dimensional spatial resolution.}, journal = {Igaku Butsuri}, year = {2005}, volume = {25}, pages = {132--140}, number = {3}, abstract = {We determine three-dimensional (3D) blurring of a small object on computed tomography (CT) images calculated on the basis of 3D spatial resolution. The images were characterized by point spread function (PSF), line spread function (LSF) and slice sensitivity profile (SSP). In advance, we systematically arranged expressions in the model for the imaging system to calculate 3D images under various conditions of spatial resolution. As a small object, we made a blood vessel phantom in which the direction of the vessel was not parallel to either the xy scan-plane or the z-axis perpendicular to the scan-plane. Therefore, when scanning the phantom, non-sharpness must be induced in all axes of the image. To predict the image blurring of the phantom, 3D spatial resolution is essential. The LSF and SSP were measured on our scanner, and two-dimensional (2D) PSF in the scan-plane was derived from the LSF by solving an integral equation. We obtained 3D images by convoluting the 3D object-function of the phantom with both 2D PSF and SSP, corresponding to the 3D convolution. Calculated images showed good agreement with scanned images. Our technique of determining 3D blurring offers an accuracy advantage in 3D shape (size) and density measurements of small objects.}, keywords = {16373989}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16373989}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Olszycki2005, author = {Marek Olszycki and Marcin Kozakiewicz and Anna Salagierska-BarwiÅ„ska and JarosÅ‚aw Chrzastek and Piotr Arkuszewski and Ludomir StefaÅ„czyk}, title = {[{M}ono- and multislice computed tomography of the orbita injury]}, journal = {Klin Oczna}, year = {2005}, volume = {107}, pages = {488--491}, number = {7-9}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability of the mono- (SCT) and multisliced CT (MSCT) imaging and their post-processing reconstructions in the cases of orbital trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the spiral monoslice (n=20) and spiral multisliced (n=5) CT studies were performed in patients suffered from orbits' injuries. CT data were reconstructed in the 2D and 3D mode. The CT original images and the 2D and 3D reconstructions were evaluated according to the quality of visualization of a pathological lesions. Surgery was the method of reference. RESULTS: The reconstructed 3D images in 16 patients examined in SCT mode and in 5 patients examined in MSCT mode allowed to recognize properly the fracture. In the 13 patients SCT and in the 3 ones MSCT revealed the bone fragments and orbital soft tissues prolapse towards maxilla sinus; including the lower rectus muscle in 6 cases. In 1 patient evaluation of the 3D model allowed to exclude communication with intracranial space. The surgery correlated well with the source images and 2D/3D SCT and MSCT models. The diagnostic quality of the raw SCT vs MSCT images was evaluated as equal, but MSCT proved to be the better source for the post processing reconstruction, because of higher resolution and better smoothing. CONCLUSIONS: - Spiral CT 2D and 3D reconstructed images, especially generated from the MSCT, more clearly than the source data depict anatomical spatial relationships; - 2D/3D reconstructions revealed the position, course and displacement of a fractured fragments; thus it supports the surgery.}, keywords = {16417004}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16417004}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @MISC{ortner-automatic, author = {Mathias Ortner and et al.}, title = {Automatic 3D land register extraction from altimetric data in dense urban areas}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/ortner03automatic.html}, } @CONFERENCE{, author = {P. Fong, F. Buron}, title = {High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Sensing of Fast Deforming Objects}, booktitle = {IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)}, year = {2005}, abstract = {In applications like motion capture, high speed collision testing and robotic manipulation of deformable objects there is a critical need for capturing the 3D geometry of fast moving and/or deforming objects. Although there exist many 3D sensing techniques, most cannot deal with dynamic scenes (e.g., laser scanning). Others, like stereovision, require that object surfaces be appropriately textured. Few, if any, build highresolution 3D models of dynamic scenes. This paper presents a technique to compute high-resolution range maps from single images of moving and deforming objects. This method is based on observing the deformation of a projected light pattern that combines a set of parallel colored stripes and a perpendicular set of sinusoidal intensity stripes. While the colored stripes allow the sensor to compute absolute depths at coarse resolution, the sinusoidal intensity stripes give dense relative depths. This twofold pattern makes it possible to extract a high-resolution range map from each image in a video sequence. The sensor has been implemented and tested on several deforming objects.}, owner = {Administrator}, pdf = {C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Seminario\biblio\3dcampaper_iros.pdf}, timestamp = {2006.04.27}, } @ARTICLE{P.Siebert20, author = {P.Siebert, S.Marshall}, title = {Human body 3D imaging by speckle texture projection photogrammetry}, journal = {Sensor Review, 20 (3), pp 218-226, 2000.}, year = {2000}, volume = {20}, pages = {218-226}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Pan2005, author = {Zhaohui Pan and Jianli Wang and Pingping Jiang}, title = {[3-{D} finite element and clinical analyses of the reconstruction of the first to third metatarsus defect with ilium]}, journal = {Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi}, year = {2005}, volume = {19}, pages = {358--360}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of first to third metatarsus defect and the effect of reconstruction with ilium on foot function. METHODS: The first to third metatarsus defect was simulated in a 3D foot model and rebuilt by ilium. The maximal displacement and stress calculated by the method of finite elements were used as the index of estimation. Five cases treated from Mar. 1996 to Jan. 2003 with metatarsus defect rebuilding by free vascular iliac bone incorporating free flap were evaluated. RESULTS: Foot function was affected largely by the defect of the first to third metatarsus. Compared with the normal foot, the maximal displacement was increased by 2.15 times and the maximal stress was increased by 2.12 times in 100\%-defected foot, and in 50\%-defected foot maximal displacement and stress were increased by 1.65 times and 2.05 times respectively. Follow-up had been conducted for 1 to 2 years. All bones and flaps of the 5 cases survived (2 excellent, 2 good, and 1 passable) by function evaluation. CONCLUSION: The first to third metatarsus defect should be repaired, and the method of transplanting iliac bone added by flap is effective.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Imaging, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Research Support, Software, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, 960438}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {960438}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Papaharilaou2006, author = {Yannis Papaharilaou and John A Ekaterinaris and Eirini Manousaki and Asterios N Katsamouris}, title = {{A} decoupled fluid structure approach for estimating wall stress in abdominal aortic aneurysms.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2006}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the aortic wall. The lack of an accurate AAA rupture risk index remains an important problem in the clinical management of the disease. To accurately estimate AAA rupture risk, detailed information on patient-specific wall stress distribution and aortic wall tissue yield stress is required. A complete fluid structure interaction (FSI) study is currently impractical and thus of limited clinical value. On the other hand, isolated static structural stress analysis based on a uniform wall loading is a widely used approach for AAA rupture risk estimation that, however, neglects the flow-induced wall stress variation. The aim of this study was to assess the merit of a decoupled fluid structure analysis of AAA wall stress. Anatomically correct, patient specific AAA wall models were created by 3D reconstruction of computed tomography images. Flow simulations were carried out with inflow and outflow boundary conditions obtained from patient extracted data. Static structural stress analysis was performed applying both a uniform pressure wall loading and a flow induced non-uniform pressure distribution obtained during early systolic deceleration. For the structural analysis, a hyperelastic arterial wall model and an elastic intraluminal thrombus model were assumed. The results of this study demonstrate that although the isolated static structural stress analysis approach captures the gross features of the stress distribution it underestimates the magnitude of the peak wall stress by as much as 12.5\% compared to the proposed decoupled fluid structure approach. Furthermore, the decoupled approach provides potentially useful information on the nature of the aneurysmal sac flow.}, doi = {.2005.12.013}, keywords = {16500664}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021-9290(06)00003-0}, pmid = {16500664}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/.2005.12.013}, } @ARTICLE{Pazos2002, author = {Valérie Pazos and Farida Cheriet and Hubert Labelle and Jean Dansereau}, title = {3{D} reconstruction and analysis of the whole trunk surface for non-invasive follow-up of scoliotic deformities.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2002}, volume = {91}, pages = {296--299}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3D reconstruction accuracy of a new technology that allows the acquisition of the whole trunk and to develop a software to analyse the trunk surface asymmetry. A non-invasive active vision system provides a 3D textured reconstruction of the whole trunk. The analysis system provides the clinician with quantitative indices that characterize the whole external trunk asymmetry.}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cartilage, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Child, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer G, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Dermoscopy, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Follow-Up Studies, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Implanted, Incisor, Infant, Inferior, Laterality, Liver, Liver Circulation, Lumbar Vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Mathematical Computing, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Mid, Middle Aged, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Neocortex, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, O, Optical, Orbit, Osteoarthritis, P.H.S., Partial, Phantoms, Physics, Portal Vein, Postoperative Complications, Preschool, Pseudopodia, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Skin, Skin Aging, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Subdural Space, Surface Properties, Swine, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Thumb, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, dle Aged, ptical, raphics, 15457741}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15457741}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Pazos2005, author = {V. Pazos and F. Cheriet and L. Song and H. Labelle and J. Dansereau}, title = {{A}ccuracy assessment of human trunk surface 3{D} reconstructions from an optical digitising system.}, journal = {Med Biol Eng Comput}, year = {2005}, volume = {43}, pages = {11--15}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {The lack of reliable techniques to follow up scoliotic deformity from the external asymmetry of the trunk leads to a general use of X-rays and indices of spinal deformity. Young adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis need intensive follow-ups for many years and, consequently, they are repeatedly exposed to ionising radiation, which is hazardous to their long-term health. Furthermore, treatments attempt to improve both spinal and surface deformities, but internal indices do not describe the external asymmetry. The purpose of this study was to assess a commercial, optical 3D digitising system for the 3D reconstruction of the entire trunk for clinical assessment of external asymmetry. The resulting surface is a textured, high-density polygonal mesh. The accuracy assessment was based on repeated reconstructions of a manikin with markers fixed on it. The average normal distance between the reconstructed surfaces and the reference data (markers measured with CMM) was 1.1 +/- 0.9 mm.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Anatomic, Animals, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Microcomputers, Models, Moire Topography, Non-U.S. Gov't, Portal Vein, Research Support, Scoliosis, Software, Swine, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, 15742714}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15742714}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Pedersini2001, author = {Pedersini, F.; Sarti, A.; Tubaro, S.;}, title = {Multi-camera parameter tracking}, journal = {Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings}, year = {2001}, volume = {148}, pages = {70 - 77}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Penczek2006, author = {Pawel A Penczek and Chao Yang and Joachim Frank and Christian M T Spahn}, title = {{E}stimation of variance in single-particle reconstruction using the bootstrap technique.}, journal = {J Struct Biol}, year = {2006}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Density maps of a molecule obtained by single-particle reconstruction from thousands of molecule projections exhibit strong changes in local definition and reproducibility, as a consequence of conformational variability of the molecule and non-stoichiometry of ligand binding. These changes complicate the interpretation of density maps in terms of molecular structure. A three-dimensional (3-D) variance map provides an effective tool to assess the structural definition in each volume element. In this work, the different contributions to the 3-D variance in a single-particle reconstruction are discussed, and an effective method for the estimation of the 3-D variance map is proposed, using a bootstrap technique of sampling. Computations with test data confirm the viability, computational efficiency, and accuracy of the method under conditions encountered in practical circumstances.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsb.2006.01.003}, keywords = {16510296}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1047-8477(06)00021-9}, pmid = {16510296}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.01.003}, } @ARTICLE{Phillips2005, author = {Christophe Phillips and Jeremie Mattout and Michael D Rugg and Pierre Maquet and Karl J Friston}, title = {{A}n empirical {B}ayesian solution to the source reconstruction problem in {EEG}.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, year = {2005}, volume = {24}, pages = {997--1011}, number = {4}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {Distributed linear solutions of the EEG source localisation problem are used routinely. In contrast to discrete dipole equivalent models, distributed linear solutions do not assume a fixed number of active sources and rest on a discretised fully 3D representation of the electrical activity of the brain. The ensuing inverse problem is underdetermined and constraints or priors are required to ensure the uniqueness of the solution. In a Bayesian framework, the conditional expectation of the source distribution, given the data, is attained by carefully balancing the minimisation of the residuals induced by noise and the improbability of the estimates as determined by their priors. This balance is specified by hyperparameters that control the relative importance of fitting and conforming to various constraints. Here we formulate the conventional "Weighted Minimum Norm" (WMN) solution in terms of hierarchical linear models. An "Expectation-Maximisation" (EM) algorithm is used to obtain a "Restricted Maximum Likelihood" (ReML) estimate of the hyperparameters, before estimating the "Maximum a Posteriori" solution itself. This procedure can be considered a generalisation of previous work that encompasses multiple constraints. Our approach was compared with the "classic" WMN and Maximum Smoothness solutions, using a simplified 2D source model with synthetic noisy data. The ReML solution was assessed with four types of source location priors: no priors, accurate priors, inaccurate priors, and both accurate and inaccurate priors. The ReML approach proved useful as: (1) The regularisation (or influence of the a priori source covariance) increased as the noise level increased. (2) The localisation error (LE) was negligible when accurate location priors were used. (3) When accurate and inaccurate location priors were used simultaneously, the solution was not influenced by the inaccurate priors. The ReML solution was then applied to real somatosensory-evoked responses to illustrate the application in an empirical setting.}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.030}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Basement Membrane, Bayes Theorem, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Coculture Techniques, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cultured, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dermis, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electroencephalography, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epidermis, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Evoked Poten, Extracellular Matrix, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Extramural, Female, Fibroblasts, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Integrins, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Likelihood Functions, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Morphogenesis, Movement, Myocardium, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurofilament Proteins, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Organ Culture Techniques, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Sinoatrial Node, Skin Neoplasms, Somatosensory, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Theoretical, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, tials, 15670677}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1053-8119(04)00623-8}, pmid = {15670677}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.030}, } @ARTICLE{Pizarro2004, author = {Pizarro, O.; Eustice, R.; Singh, H.;}, title = {Large area 3D reconstructions from underwater surveys}, journal = {OCEANS '04. MTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN '04}, year = {2004}, volume = {2}, pages = {678 - 687}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @MISC{pollefeys-recording, author = {Mark Pollefeys and et al.}, title = {3D Recording for Archaeological Fieldwork}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/pollefeys03recording.html}, } @MISC{pollefeys-capture, author = {Marc Pollefeys and Luc Van Gool and Maarten Vergauwen and Kurt Cornelis and Frank Verbiest and Jan Tops}, title = {3D Capture of Archaeology and Architecture with a Hand-Held Camera}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/722168.html}, } @MISC{pollefeys-acquisition, author = {Marc Pollefeys and Maarten Vergauwen and Kurt Cornelis and Frank Verbiest and Joris Schouteden and Jan Tops and Luc Van Gool}, title = {3D Acquisition of Archaeological Heritage from Images}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/717078.html}, } @ARTICLE{Poon2006, author = {Tony C Poon and Robert N Rohling}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional extended field-of-view ultrasound.}, journal = {Ultrasound Med Biol}, year = {2006}, volume = {32}, pages = {357--369}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3-D) extended field-of-view ultrasound creates a mosaic view from a set of volumes acquired from a dedicated 3-D ultrasound machine combined with a position tracker. A simple compounding technique can be used to combine the volumes together using only the position measurements, but some misalignment remains. Two different registration methods were developed to correct these errors in the overlapping regions. The first method divides the overlap into smaller blocks and warps the blocks to best align the features. The second method is similar, but uses rigid body registration of the blocks. Experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that block-based registration with warping produced the most reproducible results and the greatest increase in similarity among the overlapping regions. It also produced the best reconstruction accuracy, with a mean distance error of 0.4 mm measured across 101.78 mm in a phantom, representing 0.4\% error. (E-mail: ).}, doi = {6/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.11.003}, keywords = {16530094}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0301-5629(05)00436-9}, pmid = {16530094}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/6/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.11.003}, } @ARTICLE{Poon2005, author = {Tony C Poon and Robert N Rohling}, title = {{C}omparison of calibration methods for spatial tracking of a 3-{D} ultrasound probe.}, journal = {Ultrasound Med Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {31}, pages = {1095--1108}, number = {8}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {Real-time 3-D ultrasound (US) is a new-generation US system that uses a dedicated probe to create volume data sets instead of standard 2-D cross-sectional images. For applications in image-guided surgery and radiation therapy, a position tracker is added to the probe so that the volumes can be located in space. Calibration plays a critical role in determining the overall accuracy of an US volume-tracking system. In this paper, three calibration methods are developed specifically for 3-D probes. The three methods are based on a IXI-shaped wire phantom, a cube phantom and a stylus. The performance of each method was evaluated in terms of calibration reproducibility, point accuracy and reconstruction accuracy by distance measurement. The mean errors in the reproducibility tests were 1.50 mm (IXI-wire), 1.16 mm (cube) and 5.13 mm (stylus). The root mean square errors of the point accuracy measure were 2.15 mm (IXI-wire), 4.91 mm (cube) and 2.36 mm (stylus). The root mean square errors of the reconstruction accuracy by distance measure were 1.52 mm (IXI-wire), 1.59 mm (cube) and 1.85 mm (stylus). Overall, the IXI-wire phantom achieved the best results.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.04.003}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Alkaline Phosphatase, Alveolar Ridge Augmentation, Ambystoma, Animals, Ankle Injuries, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biocompatible Materials, Biological Markers, Bombyx, Bone Plates, Bone Substitutes, Bronchial Diseases, Bronchoscopy, Calcaneus, Calcification, Calibration, Capsid, Cartilage Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cells, Chick Embryo, Collagen Type I, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cultured, DNA-Binding Prot, Densovirinae, Diagnosis, Differential, Digestive System, Durapatite, Embryo, Endoscopy, Endosonography, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Fracture Fixation, Heterotopic, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processi, Image Processing, Imaging, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intraoperative Period, Lactic Acid, Laminin, Laparoscopy, Male, Maxillary Sinus, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Mesonephros, Microscopy, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, Molecular, N.I.H., Non-U., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optical, Orientation, Ossification, Osteocalcin, Osteogenesis, Osteonectin, Pancreatic Neop, Paraffin Embedding, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photometry, Physician's Practice Patterns, Physiologic, Picornaviridae, Polyglycolic Acid, Polymers, Practice Guidelines, Preoperative Care, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reflex, Reoviridae, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, S. Gov't, Semicircular Canals, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sialoglycoproteins, Signal Processing, Software Design, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Tracheal Diseases, Transcription Factors, Ultrasonography, Vestibulo-Ocular, Video Recording, Vimentin, X-Ray Computed, eins, lasms, ng, 16085100}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0301-5629(05)00175-4}, pmid = {16085100}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.04.003}, } @MISC{poulin03interactive, author = {P. POULIN and M. STAMMINGER and F. DURANLEAU and M. FRASSON and G. DRETTAKIS}, title = {Interactive point-based modeling of complex objects from images}, year = {2003}, text = {POULIN P., STAMMINGER M., DURANLEAU F., FRASSON M.-C., DRETTAKIS G.: Interactive point-based modeling of complex objects from images. In Graphics Interface 2003 (June 2003), pp. 11--20. 2}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/poulin03interactive.html}, } @MISC{POULIN2003, author = {P. POULIN and M. STAMMINGER and F. DURANLEAU and M. FRASSON and G. DRETTAKIS}, title = {Interactive point-based modeling of complex objects from images}, year = {2003}, text = {POULIN P., STAMMINGER M., DURANLEAU F., FRASSON M.-C., DRETTAKIS G.: Interactive point-based modeling of complex objects from images. In Graphics Interface 2003 (June 2003), pp. 11--20. 2}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/poulin03interactive.html}, } @ARTICLE{Pratt2000, author = {Pratt, T.;}, title = {From photo to 3D model}, journal = {IEE Review}, year = {2000}, volume = {46}, pages = {9 - 12}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @MISC{prieto-inspection, author = {F. Prieto and R. Lepage and P. Boulanger and T. Redarce}, title = {Inspection of 3{D} parts using high accuracy range data}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/prieto00inspection.html}, } @ARTICLE{Probst2004, author = {Kenneth X Probst and Miguel A Schön Ybarra and Haskin Kashima and Ranice W Crosby}, title = {{T}opography and interactions of the arytenoid and cricoid articular facets: implications for vocal process positional shifts.}, journal = {Clin Anat}, year = {2004}, volume = {17}, pages = {206--213}, number = {3}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Using new computer applications and digital technologies, we provide a rigorous description and realistic illustrations of the arytenoid-on-the cricoid rotations. We also provide the articular facet topography and interactions that underlay those rotations and the concomitant vocal process positional shifts. The thyroid cartilage and all soft tissues were removed from three excised, preserved, normal, adult human larynges without disturbing the crico-arytenoid (CA) articular capsule. Three CA assemblies were thus prepared and used to digitize arytenoid rotations and vocal process positional shifts, and, after disarticulation, also the surface contour of the arytenoid and cricoid facets, and the cricoid lumen margin. The digitized data served to computer generate 2D and 3D graphic visualizations of the vocal process positional shifts, of the topography of the facets, and of the facet motion sequences that show that the anteroposteriorly concave arytenoid facet slides and conjunctly rotates on the anteroposteriorly convex cricoid facet. Visual details of all graphic representations and facet motion sequences were essentially identical across the three assemblies. Then, based on the computer generated data obtained from the largest of the CA assemblies, 3D, realistic, and hand-drawn images were made that illustrate the directions in which the arytenoids can rotate and the vocal processes concomitantly shift positions. Results indicate that when the arytenoids rotate by sliding from anterior to posterior on the cricoid facets about a primary axis of motion aligned from medial, posterior, and superior, to lateral, anterior, and inferior, their vocal processes shift positions along a plane obliquely oriented from anterior and medial, to posterior and lateral, and from inferior and medial, to superior and lateral.}, doi = {10.1002/ca.10201}, keywords = {Acoustic, Adult, Algorithms, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids, Anatomic, Animals, Arytenoid Cartilage, Biomechanics, Cadaver, Cattle, Cephalometry, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Corrective, Cricoid Cartilage, Diet, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Disulfides, Ear Neoplasms, Ecology, English Abstract, Face, Female, Fossils, Geographic Information Systems, Hominidae, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Joints, Larynx, Lasers, Light, Models, Moire Topogr, Moire Topography, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Movement, Neoplasm Staging, Neuroma, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Orthodontics, P.H.S., Paleontology, Photogrammetry, Pregnancy, Primates, Protein Structure, Radiosurgery, Rese, Research Support, Rhodopsin, Secondary, Software, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, U.S. Gov't, Vocal Cords, X-Ray Computed, aphy, arch Support, 15042568}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15042568}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10201}, } @ARTICLE{Pruijs1995, author = {J. E. Pruijs and C. Stengs and W. Keessen}, title = {{P}arameter variation in stable scoliosis.}, journal = {Eur Spine J}, year = {1995}, volume = {4}, pages = {176--179}, number = {3}, abstract = {The reliability of scoliosis parameters such as the Cobb angle, the angle of trunk rotation and moir e topography is known from several publications. These studies concern intra- and interobserver variations; they are in general of transversal nature, which means the measurements were performed on the same subject within a short time period. From clinical experience it appears that these variations may be greater when scoliosis patients are followed over several years. In order to determine the parameter variation in the follow-up of children with scoliosis, a retrospective study was undertaken. From among our outpatient population, 41 children with stable scoliosis over a period of at least 2 years were selected. Stable scoliosis was defined as a spinal deformity which, in retrospect, had not deteriorated during at least a 2-year period prior to the end of growth. Hence no indication for treatment was found for this group. The measurements of the angle of external trunk rotation, moiré topography and Cobb angle of these children during the follow-up period were submitted to statistical computations using one-way analysis of variance. Variations in the results of Cobb angle measurement and the measurement of the angle of trunk rotation were found to be no different to the variations in intra- and interobserver measurements as reported mainly from transversal studies. The variation found in moiré topography, in moiré contour lines and in angle moiré determination, was, however, considered too great for measurements to be reliable. In conclusion, only Cobb angle determination and external measurement of trunk rotation can be accepted as valid follow-up parameters from a methodological viewpoint.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Observer Variation, Retrosp, Scoliosis, ective Studies, 7552652}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {7552652}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Quadrani2005, author = {P. Quadrani and A. Pasini and M. Mattiolli-Belmonte and C. Zannoni and A. Tampieri and E. Landi and F. Giantomassi and Natali and F. Casali and G. Biagini and A. Tomei-Minardi}, title = {{H}igh-resolution 3{D} scaffold model for engineered tissue fabrication using a rapid prototyping technique.}, journal = {Med Biol Eng Comput}, year = {2005}, volume = {43}, pages = {196--199}, number = {2}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {Rapid prototyping, automatic image processing (computer-aided design (CAD)) and computer-aided manufacturing techniques are opening new and interesting prospects for medical devices and tissue engineering, especially for hard tissues such as bone. The development of a bone high-resolution scaffold prototype using these techniques is described. The results testify to the fidelity existing between microtomographic reconstruction and CAD. Furthermore, stereolithographic manufacturing of this scaffold, which possesses a high degree of similarity to the starting model as monitored by morphological evaluations (mean diameter 569 +/- 147 microm), represents a promising result for regenerative medicine applications.}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Bone Substitutes, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Durapatite, Face, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photography, Photometry, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15865127}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15865127}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{R.Trieb2000, author = {R.Trieb}, title = {3D-Body Scanning for mass customized products - Solutions and Applications}, booktitle = {Int. Conf. of Numerisation 3D - Scanning, 24-25 May 2000, Paris, France.}, year = {2000}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Rabinov2004, author = {James D Rabinov and Frederick G Barker and Michael J McKenna and Hugh D Curtin}, title = {{V}irtual cisternoscopy: 3{D} {MRI} models of the cerebellopontine angle for lesions related to the cranial nerves.}, journal = {Skull Base}, year = {2004}, volume = {14}, pages = {93--9; discussion 99}, number = {2}, month = {May}, abstract = {This study was conducted to show that high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in the neurosurgical approach to lesions affecting the cranial nerves (CNs) in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Three patients with symptomatology related to CNs VII and VIII underwent MRI examinations performed on a 1.5-Tesla Siemens MR scanner. As part of these routine examinations, the imaging technique of constructive interference in the steady state (CISS) was used to collect a volume of data through the brainstem and internal auditory canals. This high-resolution technique acquires a three-dimensional (3D) volume of data at 0.7-mm intervals. Parameters included TR 12.3/TE 5.9, number of acquisitions of 2, a matrix of 230 x 512, bandwidth of 130 Hz per pixel, and time of 8:40. Data were transferred to a commercially available GE workstation and reconstructed into a 3D surface-rendered model. This interactive method allows the model to be visualized from any angle, including that of a standard skull base approach of suboccipital craniotomy for access to the CPA cistern. The images shown include the CPA cistern as seen from the suboccipital surgical approach. CNs V, VII, and VIII can easily be seen in relation to the pons and petrous face. The relationship between the CNs and acoustic neuromas and skull base tumors can be evaluated. Vascular structures, which are often seen in relation to CNs VII and VIII, can be viewed in a 3D format to determine the need for microvascular decompression. Direct intraoperative photographs taken through the operating microscope confirmed the anatomic accuracy of the 3D models. Imaging used for interactive neurosurgical planning must demonstrate a high degree of anatomic detail. Virtual cisternoscopy using CISS MRI technique can achieve the required resolution. Reconstruction algorithms to create surface rendering can generate images with similar 3D anatomic detail to that seen during neurosurgical approaches to the CPA cistern.}, doi = {55/s-2004-828701}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Dental Models, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Photogrammetry, Research Support, Skin, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Zebrafish, n, 16145590}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16145590}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/55/s-2004-828701}, } @ARTICLE{Rader2004, author = {A. J. Rader and Gülsüm Anderson and Basak Isin and H. Gobind Khorana and Ivet Bahar and Judith Klein-Seetharaman}, title = {{I}dentification of core amino acids stabilizing rhodopsin.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, year = {2004}, volume = {101}, pages = {7246--7251}, number = {19}, month = {May}, abstract = {Rhodopsin is the only G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) whose 3D structure is known; therefore, it serves as a prototype for studies of the GPCR family of proteins. Rhodopsin dysfunction has been linked to misfolding, caused by chemical modifications that affect the naturally occurring disulfide bond between C110 and C187. Here, we identify the structural elements that stabilize rhodopsin by computational analysis of the rhodopsin structure and comparison with data from previous in vitro mutational studies. We simulate the thermal unfolding of rhodopsin by breaking the native-state hydrogen bonds sequentially in the order of their relative strength, using the recently developed Floppy Inclusion and Rigid Substructure Topography (FIRST) method [Jacobs, D. J., Rader, A. J., Kuhn, L. A. & Thorpe, M. F. (2001) Proteins 44, 150-165]. Residues most stable under thermal denaturation are part of a core, which is assumed to be important for the formation and stability of folded rhodopsin. This core includes the C110-C187 disulfide bond at the center of residues forming the interface between the transmembrane and the extracellular domains near the retinal binding pocket. Fast mode analysis of rhodopsin using the Gaussian network model also identifies the disulfide bond and the retinal ligand binding pocket to be the most rigid region in rhodopsin. Experiments confirm that 90\% of the amino acids predicted by the FIRST method to be part of the core cause misfolding upon mutation. The observed high degree of conservation (78.9\%) of this disulfide bond across all GPCR classes suggests that it is critical for the stability and function of GPCRs.}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0401429101}, keywords = {Acoustic, Algorithms, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids, Anatomic, Animals, Biomechanics, Cattle, Computer-Assisted, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Disulfides, Ear Neoplasms, English Abstract, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Models, Moire Topogr, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasm Staging, Neuroma, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Pregnancy, Protein Structure, Radiosurgery, Rese, Research Support, Rhodopsin, Secondary, Software, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, X-Ray Computed, aphy, arch Support, 15123809}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {0401429101}, pmid = {15123809}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0401429101}, } @ARTICLE{Ramaniraka2005, author = {N. A. Ramaniraka and A. Terrier and N. Theumann and O. Siegrist}, title = {{E}ffects of the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the biomechanics of the knee joint: a finite element analysis.}, journal = {Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)}, year = {2005}, volume = {20}, pages = {434--442}, number = {4}, month = {May}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the biomechanical effects of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; but no consensus has been reached on the preferred method of reconstruction. METHODS: The 3D finite element mesh of a knee joint was reconstructed from computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The ligaments were considered as hyperelastic materials. The tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were modeled with large sliding contact elements. The 3D model was used to simulate knee flexion from 0 degrees to 90 degrees in four cases: a knee with a "native" posterior cruciate ligament, a resected posterior cruciate ligament, a reconstructed single graft posterior cruciate ligament, and a reconstructed double graft posterior cruciate ligament. FINDINGS: A resected posterior cruciate ligament induced high compressive forces in the medial tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments. The pressures generated in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments were nearly the same for the two reconstruction techniques (single graft and double graft). The single graft resulted in lower tensile stresses inside the graft than for the double graft. INTERPRETATION: Firstly, a resected posterior cruciate ligament should be replaced to avoid excessive compressive forces, which are a source of cartilage degeneration. Secondly, the two types of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques partially restored the biomechanics of the knee in flexion, e.g. contact pressures were restored for pure flexion of the knee. The reconstruction techniques therefore partially restore the biomechanics of the knee in flexion. A double graft reconstruction is subjected to the highest tensile stresses.}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.11.014}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cryoelectron Microscopy, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diagnosis, Diastema, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Molecular, N.I.H., Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Visible Human Project, Weight-Bearing, 15737452}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0268-0033(04)00288-8}, pmid = {15737452}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.11.014}, } @ARTICLE{Rashev2000, author = {Rashev, P.Z.; Mintchev, M.P.; Bowes, K.L.;}, title = {Application of an object-oriented programming paradigm in three-dimensional computer modeling of mechanically active gastrointestinal tissues}, journal = {Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2000}, volume = {4}, pages = {247 - 258}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Riaz2004, author = {Riaz, F.; Munawar, A.; Mehboob, A.; Baig, W.;}, title = {A new algorithm for reconstruction of 3-D coordinates from a 2-D image using a projected pattern}, booktitle = {Multitopic Conference, 2004. Proceedings of INMIC 2004. 8th International 24-26 Dec. 2004 Page(s):579 - 583}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ritman2005, author = {Erik L Ritman}, title = {{M}icro-computed tomography of the lungs and pulmonary-vascular system.}, journal = {Proc Am Thorac Soc}, year = {2005}, volume = {2}, pages = {477--80, 501}, number = {6}, abstract = {Three-dimensional imaging of the intact lung and its vasculature is essential if the hierarchical and volumetric aspects of its structures and functions are to be quantitated. Although this is possible with clinical multislice helical CT scanners, the spatial resolution does not scale down adequately for small rodents for which cubic voxel dimensions of 50-100 microm are required. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides the necessary spatial resolution of 3D images of the intact thoracic contents. Micro-CT can provide higher resolution so that basic micro-architectural structures, such as alveoli, can be individually visualized and quantitated. Dynamic events, such as the respiratory and cardiac cycles, can be imaged at multiple time points throughout a representative cycle by coordinating the scan sequence (i.e., gating) to the cycle phase of a sequence of cycles. Fusion of the micro-CT image data with other image data, such as micro-SPECT or histology, can enhance the information content beyond the mainly structural information provided by micro-CT. Conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging can involve significant X-ray exposures at high spatial resolutions, and this could affect the phenotype (e.g., via interstitial fibrosis) and genotype (e.g., via mutation), so its use in longitudinal studies using micro-CT may be limited in some cases. However, because of recent developments in which the phase shift or refraction of X-rays rather than attenuation is used, the X-ray exposure may be significantly reduced.}, doi = {10.1513/pats.200508-080DS}, keywords = {80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Artifacts, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Echo-Planar Imaging, Extramural, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Lung, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Melanoma, Mice, Middle Aged, Models, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Phantoms, Photons, Protons, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Veins, Radiation, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Rats, Research Support, Scattering, Software, Statistical, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tomography Scanners, Tumor Burden, Ultrasonics, Uveal Neoplasms, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16352751}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {2/6/477}, pmid = {16352751}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200508-080DS}, } @ARTICLE{Robinette2006, author = {Kathleen M Robinette and Hein A M Daanen}, title = {{P}recision of the {CAESAR} scan-extracted measurements.}, journal = {Appl Ergon}, year = {2006}, volume = {37}, pages = {259--265}, number = {3}, month = {May}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) body scanners are increasingly used to derive 1D body dimensions from 3D whole body scans for instance, as input for clothing grading systems to make made-to-measure clothing or for width and depth dimensions of a seated workstation. In this study, the precision of the scanner-derived 1D dimensions from the CAESAR survey, a multinational anthropometric survey, was investigated. Two combinations of scanning teams with 3D whole body scanners were compared, one called the US Team and the other the Dutch Team. Twenty subjects were measured three times by one scanner and one team, and three times by the other combination. The subjects were marked prior to scanning using small dots, and the linear distances between the dots were calculated after processing the scans. The mean absolute difference (MAD) of the repetitions was calculated and this was compared to reported acceptable errors in manual measurements from the US Army's ANSUR survey when similar measurements were available. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for all measurements. The results indicate that the CAESAR scan-extracted measurements are highly reproducible; for most measures the MAD is less than 5mm. In addition, more than 93\% of the MAD values for CAESAR are significantly smaller than the ANSUR survey acceptable errors. Therefore, it is concluded that the type of scan-extracted measures used in CAESAR are as good as or better than comparable manual measurements. Scan-extracted measurements that do not use markers or are not straight-line distances are not represented here and additional studies would be needed to verify their precision.}, doi = {10.1016/j.apergo.2005.07.009}, keywords = {80 and over, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure, Alcoholism, Algorithms, Anatomic, Angiography, Ankle Joint, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Biological, Biomechanics, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Corpus Callosum, Digital Subtraction, Dose Fractionation, Drug Administration Schedule, Echo-Planar Imaging, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Forecasting, Health Care, Humans, Hypertension, Hypertensive, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Injections, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Kidney Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metas, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Mediastinum, Middle Aged, Models, Movement, Multivariate Analysis, Muscle, N.I.H., Neoplasm Staging, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Phonetics, Positron-Emission Tomography, Principal Component Analysis, Probability, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality Assurance, ROC Curve, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reference Standards, Research Support, Skeletal, Software Validation, Sound Spectrography, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tongue, Transducers, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, User-Computer Interface, Water, Whole Body Imaging, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, s, tasis, 16202970}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0003-6870(05)00121-3}, pmid = {16202970}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2005.07.009}, } @ARTICLE{Roh2004, author = {Roh, Y.J.; Cho, H.S.;}, title = {Implementation of uniform and simultaneous ART for 3-D reconstruction in an X-ray imaging system}, journal = {Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings}, year = {2004}, volume = {151}, pages = {360 - 368}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Rohlfing2005, author = {Rohlfing, T.; Denzler, J.; Grassl, C.; Russakoff, D.B.; Maurer, C.R., Jr.;}, title = {Markerless real-time 3-D target region tracking by motion backprojection from projection images}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {24}, pages = {1455 - 1468}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Rollot2004, author = {Y. Rollot and E. Lecuyer and H. Chateau and N. Crevier-Denoix}, title = {{D}evelopment of a 3{D} model of the equine distal forelimb and of a {GRF} shoe for noninvasive determination of in vivo tendon and ligament loads and strains.}, journal = {Equine Vet J}, year = {2004}, volume = {36}, pages = {677--682}, number = {8}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: As critical locomotion events (e.g. high-speed and impacts during racing, jump landing) may contribute to tendinopathies, in vivo recording of gaits kinematic and dynamic parameters is essential for 3D reconstruction and analysis. OBJECTIVE: To propose a 3D model of the forelimb and a ground reaction force recording shoe (GRF-S) for noninvasively quantifying tendon and ligament loads and strains. METHODS: Bony segments trajectories of forelimbs placed under a power press were recorded using triads of ultrasonic kinematic markers linked to the bones. Compression cycles (from 500-6000 N) were applied for different hoof orientations. Locations of tendon and ligament insertions were recorded with regard to the triads. The GRF-S recorded GRF over the hoof wall and used four 3-axis force sensors sandwiched between a support shoe and the shoe to be tested. RESULTS: Validation of the model by comparing calculated and measured superficial digital flexor tendon strains, and evaluation of the role of proximal interphalangeal joint in straight sesamoidean ligament and oblique sesamoidean ligament strains, were successfully achieved. Objective comparisons of the 3 components of GRF over the hoof for soft and hard grounds could be recorded, where the s.d. of GRF norm was more important on hard ground at walk and trot. CONCLUSIONS: Soft grounds (sand and rubber) dissipate energy by lowering GRF amplitude and diminish bounces and vibrations at impact. At comparable speed, stance phase was longer on soft sand ground. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The conjugate use of the GRF-S and the numerical model would help to quantify and analyse ground/shoe combination on comfort, propulsion efficiency or lameness recovery.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Basement Membrane, Bayes Theorem, Biol, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Coculture Techniques, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cultured, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dermis, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electroencephalography, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Engineering, Entorhinal Cortex, Epidermis, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Evoked Poten, Extracellular Matrix, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Extramural, Female, Fibroblasts, Filtration, Finite Element Analysis, Floors and Floorcoverings, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Forecasting, Forelimb, Gait, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Horses, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Integrins, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Ligaments, Likelihood Functions, Locomotion, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Morphogenesis, Movement, Myocardium, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurofilament Proteins, Neurological, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Organ Culture Techniques, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Permeability, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Porosity, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Sensitivity and Specificity, Shoes, Signal Processing, Sinoatrial Node, Skin Neoplasms, Somatosensory, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Theoretical, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Toe Joint, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Water Pollutants, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, ogical, tials, 15656495}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15656495}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Rosa2006, author = {André Luiz Miranda da Rosa and Ilana de Almeida Souza and Adilson Yuuji Hira and Marcelo Knörich Zuffo}, title = {{D}irect volumetric rendering based on point primitives in {O}pen{GL}.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2006}, volume = {119}, pages = {385--387}, abstract = {The aim of this project is to present a renderization by software algorithm of acquired volumetric data. The algorithm was implemented in Java language and the LWJGL graphical library was used, allowing the volume renderization by software and thus preventing the necessity to acquire specific graphical boards for the 3D reconstruction. The considered algorithm creates a model in OpenGL, through point primitives, where each voxel becomes a point with the color values related to this pixel position in the corresponding images.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Processing, Imaging, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, N.I.H., Non-Sedating, Penis, Programming Languages, Research Support, Robotics, Three-Dimensional, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Video-Assisted Surgery, 16404083}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16404083}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Roy-Chowdhury2005, author = {Roy-Chowdhury, A.K.; Chellappa, R.;}, title = {Statistical bias in 3-D reconstruction from a monocular video}, journal = {Image Processing, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {14}, pages = {1057 - 1062}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Roy-Chowdhury2004, author = {Roy-Chowdhury, A.K.; Chellappa, R.; Keaton, T.;}, title = {Wide baseline image registration with application to 3-D face modeling}, journal = {Multimedia, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {6}, pages = {423 - 434}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ruiz-del-Solar2005, author = {Ruiz-del-Solar, J.; Navarrete, P.;}, title = {Eigenspace-based face recognition: a comparative study of different approaches}, journal = {Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {35}, pages = {315 - 325}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @MISC{rushmeier-capture, author = {Holly E. Rushmeier}, title = {3D Capture for Computer Graphics}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/553947.html}, } @CONFERENCE{Russakoff2003, author = {Russakoff, D.B.; Rohlfing, T.; Maurer, C.R., Jr.;}, title = {Fast intensity-based 2D-3D image registration of clinical data using light}, booktitle = {Computer Vision, 2003. Proceedings. Ninth IEEE International Conference on 2003 Page(s):416 - 422 vol.1}, year = {2003}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Russakoff2005, author = {Russakoff, D.B.; Rohlfing, T.; Mori, K.; Rueckert, D.; Ho, A.; Adler, J.R., Jr.; Maurer, C.R., Jr.;}, title = {Fast generation of digitally reconstructed radiographs using attenuation fields with application to 2D-3D image registration}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {24}, pages = {1441 - 1454}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ryder2004, author = {Alan G Ryder}, title = {{A}ssessing the maturity of crude petroleum oils using total synchronous fluorescence scan spectra.}, journal = {J Fluoresc}, year = {2004}, volume = {14}, pages = {99--104}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {There have been many applications of fluorescence methods for the analysis of crude petroleum oils down through the years. However, none of these studies has yielded a robust qualitative or quantitative method for quantifying the chemical composition, or assessing the maturity of crude oils. Simple fluorescence parameters such as lifetime, intensity, and intensity ratios do not correlate well with chemical composition particularly for medium weight crude oils [A. G. Ryder, T. J. Glynn, and M. Feely (2003). Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 4876, 1188-1195.]. A better approach may be to use the Total Synchronous Fluorescence Scan (TSFS) method to fully interrogate the complex chemical composition of the oils [D. Patra and A. K. Mishra (2002). Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373, 304-309.]. We present TSFS spectra from 18 crude petroleum oils of varying composition, sourced from around the world. The TSFS plots of these oils are very complex, with the contours being spread over the full 250-700 nm wavelength range (lambda(ex)) and 40-200 nm wavelength interval (delta lambda) sampled. The 3-D contour maps tend to two contour concentrations one at lambda(em) < 300 nm, delta lambda = 120-200 nm, and a second near lambda(ex) approximately 380-400 nm, delta lambda = 40-60 nm. The first feature represents fluorescence emission originating mainly from energy transfer processes with the second, longer wavelength feature originating from fluorescence emission generated by a higher proportion of direct excitation as opposed to emission resulting from energy transfer. The topography of the 3D contour plots is therefore influenced by the balance between energy transfer and direct fluorescence emission, which is governed by the chemical composition of the crude oils. We discuss how the gross chemical composition affects TSFS spectra and how TSFS can be used to assess oil maturity with a view to developing quantitative methods.}, keywords = {Acoustics, Adolescent, Adult, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Cardiac, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cephalometry, Computer-Assisted, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibroblasts, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Incisor, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, Nasal Bone, Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, Portal Vein, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, X-Ray Computed, 15622868}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15622868}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Saad2005, author = {Ali Samir Saad}, title = {{O}rientation determination by wavelets matching for 3{D} reconstruction of very noisy electron microscopic virus images.}, journal = {BMC Struct Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {5}, pages = {5}, number = {1}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In order to perform a 3D reconstruction of electron microscopic images of viruses, it is necessary to determine the orientation (Euler angels) of the 2D projections of the virus. The projections containing high resolution information are usually very noisy. This paper proposes a new method, based on weighted-projection matching in wavelet space for virus orientation determination. In order to speed the retrieval of the best match between projections from a model and real virus particle, a hierarchical correlation matching method is also proposed. RESULTS: A data set of 600 HSV-1 capsid particle images in different orientations was used to test the proposed method. An initial model of about 40 A resolutions was used to generate projections of an HSV-1 capsid. Results show that a significant improvement, in terms of accuracy and speed, is obtained for the initial orientation estimates of noisy herpes virus images. For the bacteriophage (P22), the proposed method gave the correct reconstruction compared to the model, while the classical method failed to resolve the correct orientations of the smooth spherical P22 viruses. CONCLUSION: This paper introduces a new method for orientation determination of low contrast images and highly noisy virus particles. This method is based on weighted projection matching in wavelet space, which increases the accuracy of the orientations. A hierarchical implementation of this method increases the speed of orientation determination. The estimated number of particles needed for a higher resolution reconstruction increased exponentially. For a 6 A resolution reconstruction of the HSV virus, 50,000 particles are necessary. The results show that the proposed method reduces the amount of data needed in a reconstruction by at least 50 \%. This may result in savings 2 to 3 man-years invested in acquiring images from the microscope and data processing. Furthermore, the proposed method is able to determine orientations for some difficult particles like P22 with accuracy and consistency. Recently a low PH sindbis capsid was determined with the proposed method, where other methods based on the common line fail.}, doi = {10.1186/1472-6807-5-5}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Brain, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Diastema, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kidney, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Pattern Recognition, Photogrammetry, Protein Structure, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Visible Human Project, 15743519}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {1472-6807-5-5}, pmid = {15743519}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-5-5}, } @ARTICLE{Saito2005, author = {Shinichi Saito and Junichi Yamanaka and Koui Miura and Norio Nakao and Tomohiro Nagao and Takaaki Sugimoto and Tadamichi Hirano and Nobukazu Kuroda and Yuji Iimuro and Jiro Fujimoto}, title = {{A} novel 3{D} hepatectomy simulation based on liver circulation: application to liver resection and transplantation.}, journal = {Hepatology}, year = {2005}, volume = {41}, pages = {1297--1304}, number = {6}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {Hepatectomy is a complicated operative procedure because of its anatomical complexity, vascular variability, and impaired hepatic function due to associated hepatitis or cirrhosis. Thus preoperative detailed topography and precise liver resection volume measurements should be obtained for a curative hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a novel three-dimensional (3D) virtual hepatectomy simulation software in patients who underwent liver resection or living donor liver transplantation. We developed the hepatectomy simulation software, which was programmed to analyze detailed 3D vascular structure and to predict liver resection volume and margins. In 72 patients receiving hepatectomy, the predicted liver resection volumes and margins revealed a significant correlation with the actual value with a mean difference of 9.3 mL (P < .0001) and 1.6 mm (P < .01), respectively. The drainage area by hepatic veins was quantified to achieve reconstruction of the corresponding venous branch. In conclusion, this hepatectomy simulation software reliably predicted an accurate liver resection volume, the cancer-free margin, and the drainage volume of hepatic vein branches. This software may promote curative hepatectomy and may be used for other interventional therapies in the treatment of liver disease.}, doi = {10.1002/hep.20684}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Amino Acid, Amino Acid Sequence, Anatomy, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Aortography, Atomic Force, Binding Sites, Biological, Biomechanics, Biophysics, Body Composition, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Case-Control Studies, Cattle, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Chickens, Child, Chitosan, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Sectional, Cultured, Cystatins, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Densitometry, Embryo, Embryonic Development, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extracellular Matrix, Extramural, Face, Facial Bones, Female, Fishes, Follow-Up Studies, Fourier Analysis, Gentamicins, Head, Heart Ventricles, Hepatectomy, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Lasers, Lipodystrophy, Liver, Liver Circulation, Liver Diseases, Living Donors, Male, Mammary Arteries, Maxillofacial Development, Meniere's Disease, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Moire Topography, Molecular Sequence Data, Monozygotic, Movement, Muramidase, Muscles, Myocardial Revascularization, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nonmammalian, Notochord, Nystagmus, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, Optokinetic, P.H.S., Photoreceptors, Polyesters, Postoperative Complications, Preoperative Care, Protein, Protein Conformation, Protein Structure, Radiography, Rats, Receptors, Reoperation, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Retrospective Studies, Scapula, Scoliosis, Secondary, Sequence Analysis, Sequence Homology, Software, Solutions, Thoracic, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Turkeys, Twins, U.S. Gov't, Umbilical Veins, User-Computer Interface, Vertebrate, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Computed, 15915453}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15915453}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.20684}, } @ARTICLE{Sakata2005, author = {Motomichi Sakata and Kuniaki Harada and Ryuji Shirase and Akiko Kumagai and Masashi Ogasawara}, title = {{H}igh-resolution {MRI} of the labyrinth: optimization of scan parameters with 3{D}-{FSE}.}, journal = {Nippon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi}, year = {2005}, volume = {61}, pages = {1040--1045}, number = {7}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {The aim of our study was to optimize the parameters of high-resolution MRI of the labyrinth with a 3D-FSE sequence. We investigated TR, TE, Matrix, FOV, and coil selection in terms of CNR (contrast-to-noise ratio) and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) by comparing axial images and/or three-dimensional images. The optimal 3D-FSE sequence parameters were as follows: 1.5 Tesla MR unit (Signa LX, GE Medical Systems), 3D-FSE sequence, dual 3-inch surface coil, acquisition time=12.08 min., TR=5000 msec, TE=300 msec, 3 NEX, FOV=12 cm, matrix=256 x 256, slice thickness=0.5 mm/0.0 sp, echo train=64, bandwidth=+/-31.5 kHz. High-resolution MRI of the labyrinth using the optimized 3D-FSE sequence parameters permits visualization of important anatomic details (such as scala tympani and scala vestibuli), making it possible to determine inner ear anomalies and the patency of cochlear turns. To obtain excellent heavily T2-weighted axial and three-dimensional images in the labyrinth, high CNR, SNR, and spatial resolution are significant factors at the present time. Furthermore, it is important not only to optimize the scan parameters of 3D-FSE but also to select an appropriate coil for high-resolution MRI of the labyrinth.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Contrast Media, Ear, Fem, Gadolinium DTPA, Hepatic Vein Thrombosis, Humans, Image Enhancement, Imaging, Inner, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Medical Illustration, Middle Aged, Phantoms, Three-Dimensional, Vascular Diseases, Venae Cavae, ale, 16049419}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16049419}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Sanmartin2006, author = {Marcelo Sanmartín and Javier Goicolea and Carlos García and Javier García and Antonio Crespo and Javier Rodríguez and José M Goicolea}, title = {[{I}nfluence of shear stress on in-stent restenosis: in vivo study using 3{D} reconstruction and computational fluid dynamics]}, journal = {Rev Esp Cardiol}, year = {2006}, volume = {59}, pages = {20--27}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Local factors may influence neointimal proliferation following conventional stent implantation. In this study, the relationship between wall shear stress and luminal loss after coronary stenting was assessed using a combination of angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and computational fluid dynamics. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Seven patients with de novo right coronary lesions treated with conventional (i.e., bare metal) stents were included. Realistic three-dimensional geometric reconstructions were generated offline from angiographic and intravascular ultrasound data both immediately after stenting and at 6-month follow-up. A finite-volume model was used to calculate local wall shear stress within the stent and 4 mm proximally and distally to the stent. The mean coronary ostium entry flow velocity was assumed to be 25 cm/s in all cases. RESULTS: The mean neointimal thickness was 0.29 (0.21) mm. In five cases, weak negative correlations between wall shear stress and neointimal thickness were found: maximum r value = -0.34, minimum r value = -0.11 (P < .001). The neointimal thickness in segments in which the level of wall shear stress was in the lowest quartile was greater than that in segments in which it was in highest quartile, at 0.34 (0.21) mm and 0.27 (0.24) mm (P < .001) for quartiles 1 and 4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Low wall shear stress after stenting favors neointimal proliferation both within the stent and at the stent's edges.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Amino Acid Substitution, Anatomic, Bacteriophage P22, Biophysics, Capsid, Capsid Proteins, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cysteine, Extramural, Humans, Mass, Minimally Invasive, Models, Molecu, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Binding, Protein Subunits, Research Support, Spectrum Analysis, Surgical Procedures, Threonine, Virus Assembly, lar, 16434000}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {13083645}, pmid = {16434000}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Sarry2005, author = {Laurent Sarry and Stéphane Descamps and Stéphane Boisgard and Jean-Paul Levai and Jean-Yves Boire}, title = {{R}adiographic stereometry for non-metal-backed acetubular cups: 3{D} wear estimation and related uncertainty.}, journal = {Med Image Anal}, year = {2005}, volume = {9}, pages = {267--279}, number = {3}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {The aim of this work was to assess the 3D wear of non-metal-backed acetubular cups from two conventional digitized radiographs. The centers of the femoral head and the metal ring in the equatorial plane of the cup are located using 3D pose techniques for spheres and circles from sampled points in the images. The method used to locate these points of interest and also estimate their covariance is fully described in previous work. The covariance is used to decrease the bias of the pose estimation, while bootstrapping decreases its variance and gives access to the directions of minimal variability between the two centers for each image. These directions are used to produce the final distance after reconstruction. Results are compared with the 2D technique working on a single anteroposterior (AP) radiograph and assuming null lateral wear. Validation is performed on acetubular cups: (a) simulated by Monte-Carlo, (b) implanted on a pelvic model, and (c) acquired on patients just after arthroplasty. The accuracy in wear for simulation increases from about one to four hundredths of a millimeter as caudal and cranial absolute angulations decreases from 45 degrees to 30 degrees . It is more difficult to assess for real prostheses, but results are shown to lie within the manufacturer's dimensional tolerances. Globally, the access to the lateral wear is obtained at the expense of confidence in the global linear wear (0.06 mm), which is doubled with regard to 2D technique but still satisfying for clinical use, whereas the bias of the measurement is decreased.}, doi = {10.1016/j.media.2004.12.002}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Bone Substitutes, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Durapatite, Equipment Failure Analysis, Face, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Metals, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15854846}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1361-8415(04)00096-9}, pmid = {15854846}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2004.12.002}, } @CONFERENCE{Sato2001, author = {Sato, T.; Kanbara, M.; Yokoya, N.; Takemura, I.;}, title = {Dense 3-D reconstruction of an outdoor scene, by hundreds-baseline stereo using a hand-held video camera}, booktitle = {Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision, 2001. (SMBV 2001). Proceedings. IEEE Workshop on 9-10 Dec. 2001 Page(s):57 - 61 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/SMBV.2001.988763}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @MISC{scharstein01taxonomy, author = {D. Scharstein and R. Szeliski and R. Zabih}, title = {A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms}, year = {2001}, text = {Daniel Scharstein, Richard Szeliski, and Ramin Zabih. A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms. In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision, Kauai, HI, Dec. 2001.}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/scharstein01taxonomy.html}, } @ARTICLE{Schmid2005, author = {O. A. Schmid}, title = {{D}ynamic accuracy survey of the new "single plane--single frame 3-{D} calibration" technique for use in biomedical applications.}, journal = {Biomed Tech (Berl)}, year = {2005}, volume = {50}, pages = {38--44}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {This study tested the accuracy of a new 3-D calibration technique under dynamic situations. The technique was firstly introduced in 1998 for biomechanical human tests and calibrates 3-D volumes in an easy way. It revealed superior in static tests to others. In order to disclose dynamic accuracy two different tests were performed. With this technique it does not matter whether redundant information from multiple camera views is available or not. The mean error for distances measured at 0.018\% for redundant information and at 0.012\% for the non-redundant test in contrast to other procedures found in literature, which attain values of 0.09\% and 0.04\% respectively. The maximum error ranged there between 5.5\% and 17.9\%, whereas the presented data reached values of 0.33\% and 0.48\%. The more important angle error was at maximum 0.055\% (9 times less than the most accurate in literature) and nearly zero for the mean error value. The level of noise was the same in the test with redundancy and 7.4 times lower in the present study than other commercial available systems for non-redundant video information. The new procedure revealed as a stable and very accurate 3-D reconstruction technique for a variety of application not limited to biomedical applications.}, keywords = { Support, 80 and over, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Anthropometry, Artifici, Artificial Intelligence, Atomic Force, Automated, Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, Biological, Bioprosthesis, Bloo, Blood Vessels, Brain, Brain Mapping, Calibration, Catheterization, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Line, Cluster Analysis, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Drug Combinations, Electron, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Inbred BALB C, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kinetics, Laminin, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Mice, Microscopy, Microtomy, Middle Aged, Models, N.I.H., Neovascularization, Neurological, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, Organ Size, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Physiologic, Positr, Prosthesis Design, Proteoglycans, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Reference Standards, Reproducibility , Reproducibility of Results, Research, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stem Cells, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Distribution, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Transmission, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, al Intelligence, d Vessel Prosthesis, of Results, on-Emission Tomography, 15832574}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15832574}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Schmidt2005, author = {Taly Gilat Schmidt and Rebecca Fahrig and Norbert J Pelc}, title = {{A} three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for an inverse-geometry volumetric {CT} system.}, journal = {Med Phys}, year = {2005}, volume = {32}, pages = {3234--3245}, number = {11}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {An inverse-geometry volumetric computed tomography (IGCT) system has been proposed capable of rapidly acquiring sufficient data to reconstruct a thick volume in one circular scan. The system uses a large-area scanned source opposite a smaller detector. The source and detector have the same extent in the axial, or slice, direction, thus providing sufficient volumetric sampling and avoiding cone-beam artifacts. This paper describes a reconstruction algorithm for the IGCT system. The algorithm first rebins the acquired data into two-dimensional (2D) parallel-ray projections at multiple tilt and azimuthal angles, followed by a 3D filtered backprojection. The rebinning step is performed by gridding the data onto a Cartesian grid in a 4D projection space. We present a new method for correcting the gridding error caused by the finite and asymmetric sampling in the neighborhood of each output grid point in the projection space. The reconstruction algorithm was implemented and tested on simulated IGCT data. Results show that the gridding correction reduces the gridding errors to below one Hounsfield unit. With this correction, the reconstruction algorithm does not introduce significant artifacts or blurring when compared to images reconstructed from simulated 2D parallel-ray projections. We also present an investigation of the noise behavior of the method which verifies that the proposed reconstruction algorithm utilizes cross-plane rays as efficiently as in-plane rays and can provide noise comparable to an in-plane parallel-ray geometry for the same number of photons. Simulations of a resolution test pattern and the modulation transfer function demonstrate that the IGCT system, using the proposed algorithm, is capable of 0.4 mm isotropic resolution. The successful implementation of the reconstruction algorithm is an important step in establishing feasibility of the IGCT system.}, keywords = {80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Artifacts, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Echo-Planar Imaging, Extramural, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Models, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Observer Variation, Phantoms, Photons, Protons, Radiation, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Scattering, Software, Statistical, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tumor Burden, Ultrasonics, Uveal Neoplasms, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16370414}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16370414}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Schmitt2005, author = {Holger Schmitt and Michael Grass and Rolf Suurmond and Thomas Köhler and Volker Rasche and Stefan Hähnel and Sabine Heiland}, title = {{R}econstruction of blood propagation in three-dimensional rotational {X}-ray angiography (3{D}-{RA}).}, journal = {Comput Med Imaging Graph}, year = {2005}, volume = {29}, pages = {507--520}, number = {7}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {This paper presents a framework of non-interactive algorithms for the mapping of blood flow information to vessels in 3D-RA images. With the presented method, mapping of flow information to 3D-RA images is done automatically without user interaction. So far, radiologists had to perform this task by extensive image comparisons and did not obtain visualizations of the results. In our approach, flow information is reconstructed by forward projection of vessel pieces in a 3D-RA image to a two-dimensional projection series capturing the propagation of a short additional contrast agent bolus. For accurate 2D-3D image registration, an efficient patient motion compensation technique is introduced. As an exemplary flow-related quantity, bolus arrival times are reconstructed for the vessel pieces by matching of intensity-time curves. A plausibility check framework was developed which handles projection ambiguities and corrects for noisy flow reconstruction results. It is based on a linear programming approach to model the feeding structure of the vessel. The flow reconstruction method was applied to 12 cases of cerebral stenoses, AVMs and aneurysms, and it proved to be feasible in the clinical environment. The propagation of the injected contrast agent was reconstructed and visualized in three-dimensional images. The flow reconstruction method was able to visualize different types of useful information. In cases of stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), flow reconstruction can reveal impeded blood flow depending on the severeness of the stenosis. With cases of AVMs, flow reconstruction can clarify the feeding structure. The presented methods handle the problems imposed by clinical demands such as non-interactive algorithms, patient motion compensation, short reconstruction times, and technical requirements such as correction of noisy bolus arrival times and handling of overlapping vessel pieces. Problems occurred mainly in the reconstruction and segmentation of 3D-RA images in cases of complex AVMs. The concentration of injected contrast agent was often not sufficient to provide highly contrasted vessels in 3D-RA images. Another segmentation-related problem is known as 'kissing vessels' [19]. Kissing vessel artifacts introduce artificial vessel junctions and thereby distort the feeding structure of the vessel. This may finally cause implausible flow reconstruction results and inverse flow directions in vessel segments. We are currently planning to validate our reconstruction results using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). PIV experiments with phantoms, for which the true flow parameters are known, will allow for the assessment of the accuracy of our contrast agent based method. In the context of computational fluid dynamics techniques, the potential of the presented flow reconstruction method is high. Flow reconstruction results based on the presented method could be used both as boundary conditions for simulations and as a reference for the validation of simulation results. Computational fluid dynamics provide useful information such as arterial wall shear stress and complex flow patterns in aneurysms.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.03.006}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Extramural, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Pathologic, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Proteins, Protons, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 16140501}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0895-6111(05)00059-5}, pmid = {16140501}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.03.006}, } @ARTICLE{Schmittbuhl2004, author = {J. Schmittbuhl and F. Renard and J. P. Gratier and R. Toussaint}, title = {{R}oughness of stylolites: implications of 3{D} high resolution topography measurements.}, journal = {Phys Rev Lett}, year = {2004}, volume = {93}, pages = {238501}, number = {23}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {Stylolites are natural pressure-dissolution surfaces in sedimentary rocks. We present 3D high resolution measurements at laboratory scales of their complex roughness. The topography is shown to be described by a self-affine scaling invariance. At large scales, the Hurst exponent is zeta(1) approximately 0.5 and very different from that at small scales where zeta(2) approximately 1.2. A crossover length scale at around L(c)=1 mm is well characterized. Measurements are consistent with a Langevin equation that describes the growth of a stylolitic interface as a competition between stabilizing long range elastic interactions at large scales or local surface tension effects at small scales and a destabilizing quenched material disorder.}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Collagen, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Incisor, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, P.H.S., Physics, Portal Vein, Pseudopodia, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Signal Transduction, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, X-Ray Computed, 15601212}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15601212}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Sedgmen2006, author = {B. Sedgmen and C. McMahon and D. Cairns and R. J. Benzie and R. L. Woodfield}, title = {{T}he impact of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional ultrasound exposure on maternal-fetal attachment and maternal health behavior in pregnancy.}, journal = {Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol}, year = {2006}, volume = {27}, pages = {245--251}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of timing and type of ultrasound, particularly three-dimensional (3D), exposure on maternal-fetal attachment and maternal health behavior during pregnancy. METHODS: Subjects were 68 women aged 18 years or older expecting their first child who presented for a routine ultrasound scan at around either 12 or 18 weeks' gestation in Nepean Hospital, Western Sydney. Women completed questionnaires assessing maternal-fetal attachment and health behavior, and were then allocated arbitrarily to either two-dimensional (2D) or 3D ultrasound examination. Repeat questionnaires were completed 1 week later. RESULTS: Maternal-fetal attachment increased after both 2D and 3D ultrasound exposure, and the effect was moderated by the timing of exposure, with women receiving their first ultrasound examination at around 12 weeks showing the greatest change. Alcohol consumption was the only behavior to show significant change following ultrasound exposure, with a reduction in the reported average number of drinks per week. There was no significant difference in the pattern of change for 2D compared with 3D ultrasound exposure, and no effect of ultrasound exposure on maternal perception of the fetus. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound has a positive impact on maternal-fetal attachment, particularly in the first trimester. 3D ultrasound did not offer enhanced benefits. Associations between ultrasound exposure and alcohol consumption warrant further investigation. Larger samples are needed to clarify the moderating effects of gestational age and type of ultrasound exposure.}, doi = {10.1002/uog.2703}, keywords = {80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cleidocranial Dysplasia, Dentition, Diagnostic Techniques, English Abstract, Extramural, Eyeglasses, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, N.I.H., Ocular, Ophthalmological, Prospective Studies, Refraction, Refractive Errors, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Supernumerary, Time Factors, Tooth, Tooth Abnormalities, Tooth Eruption, Treatment Outcome, Vision Tests, Visual Acuity, 16482614}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16482614}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.2703}, } @ARTICLE{Senin2006, author = {Nicola Senin and Roberto Groppetti and Luciano Garofano and Paolo Fratini and Michele Pierni}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional surface topography acquisition and analysis for firearm identification.}, journal = {J Forensic Sci}, year = {2006}, volume = {51}, pages = {282--295}, number = {2}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {In the last decade, computer-based systems for the comparison of microscopic firearms evidence have been the subject of considerable research work because of their expected capability of supporting the firearms examiner through the automated analysis of large amounts of evidence. The Integrated Ballistics Identification System, which is based on a two-dimensional representation of the specimen surface, has been widely adopted in forensic laboratories worldwide. More recently, some attempts to develop systems based on three-dimensional (3D) representations of the specimen surface have been made, both in the literature and as industrial products, such as BulletTRAX-3D, but fundamental limitations in achieving fully automated identification remain. This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a 3D-based approach by proposing an approach and a prototype system for firearms evidence comparison that is based on the acquisition and analysis of the 3D surface topography of specimens, with particular reference to cartridge cases. The concept of 3D virtual comparison microscope is introduced, whose purpose is not to provide fully automated identification, but to show how the availability of 3D shape information can provide a whole new set of verification means, some of them being described and discussed in this work, specifically, visual enhancement tools and quantitative measurement of shape properties, for supporting, not replacing, the firearm examiner in reaching the final decision.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00048.x}, keywords = {16566761}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {JFO48}, pmid = {16566761}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00048.x}, } @ARTICLE{Setkova2006, author = {Jana Setkova and Herve Lesot and Eva Matalova and Kirsti Witter and Petra Matulova and Ivan Misek}, title = {{P}roliferation and apoptosis in early molar morphogenesis - voles as models in odontogenesis.}, journal = {Int J Dev Biol}, year = {2006}, volume = {50}, pages = {481--489}, number = {5}, abstract = {Proliferation and apoptosis play crucial roles in the development of multicellular organisms. Their precise balance is necessary for tissue homeostasis throughout life. The developing dentition is a suitable model to study proliferation and apoptosis during embryogenesis, but the corresponding studies have been carried out principally in the mouse. The present study aimed to examine proliferation and apoptosis in the vole (Microtus sp., Rodentia) during the early morphogenesis of the first upper molar and compare it to what is known from the mouse. To this end, apoptosis and proliferation were investigated using histology and computer-aided 3D reconstruction. Mitoses accumulated predominantly in the developing cervical loop. Apoptosis during early odontogenesis showed highly specific spatio-temporal patterns in the dental epithelium. Apoptotic bodies were localised in non-dividing cell populations. They accumulated in the same places as described in the mouse: antemolar vestiges (ED 12.5 15.5), enamel knot (ED 14.5 15.5), stalk and palatally along the whole first molar tooth germ longitudinal axis (ED 15 - 15.5). Early tooth development in the field vole, including the distribution of apoptosis and mitosis, is very similar to that reported in the mouse, with the exception of the antemolar region. The microtine antemolar vestige is preserved longer than the murine one. It is conceivable that additional distinct differences in morphogenetic processes appear later in tooth development.}, doi = {10.1387/ijdb.052067js}, keywords = {16586349}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {052067js}, pmid = {16586349}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.052067js}, } @ARTICLE{Shah2005, author = {Amish P Shah and Didier A Rajon and Phillip W Patton and Derek W Jokisch and Wesley E Bolch}, title = {{A}ccounting for beta-particle energy loss to cortical bone via paired-image radiation transport ({PIRT}).}, journal = {Med Phys}, year = {2005}, volume = {32}, pages = {1354--1366}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {Current methods of skeletal dose assessment in both medical physics (radionuclide therapy) and health physics (dose reconstruction and risk assessment) rely heavily on a single set of bone and marrow cavity chord-length distributions in which particle energy deposition is tracked within an infinite extent of trabecular spongiosa, with no allowance for particle escape to cortical bone. In the present study, we introduce a paired-image radiation transport (PIRT) model which provides a more realistic three-dimensional (3D) geometry for particle transport in the skeletal site at both microscopic and macroscopic levels of its histology. Ex vivo CT scans were acquired of the pelvis, cranial cap, and individual ribs excised from a 66-year male cadaver (BMI of 22.7 kg m(-2)). For the three skeletal sites, regions of trabecular spongiosa and cortical bone were identified and segmented. Physical sections of interior spongiosa were taken and subjected to microCT imaging. Voxels within the resulting microCT images were then segmented and labeled as regions of bone trabeculae, endosteum, active marrow, and inactive marrow through application of image processing algorithms. The PIRT methodology was then implemented within the EGSNRC radiation transport code whereby electrons of various initial energies are simultaneously tracked within both the ex vivo CT macroimage and the CT microimage of the skeletal site. At initial electron energies greater than 50-200 keV, a divergence in absorbed fractions to active marrow are noted between PIRT model simulations and those estimated under existing techniques of infinite spongiosa transport. Calculations of radionuclide S values under both methodologies imply that current chord-based models may overestimate the absorbed dose to active bone marrow in these skeletal sites by 0\% to 27\% for low-energy beta emitters (33P, 169Er, and 177Lu), by approximately 4\% to 49\% for intermediate-energy beta emitters (153Sm, 186Re, and 89Sr), and by approximately 14\% to 76\% for high-energy beta emitters (32p, 188Re, and 90Y). The PIRT methodology allows for detailed modeling of the 3D macrostructure of individual marrow-containing bones within the skeleton thus permitting improved estimates of absorbed fractions and radionuclide S values for intermediate-to-high energy beta emitters.}, keywords = {Aged, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Beta Rays, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Body Burden, Bone Density, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, Bone and Bones, Breast, Cadaver, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Facial Bones, Female, Femur Head, Fibroblasts, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Linear Energy Transfer, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Miniature, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oral Surgical Procedures, Organ Specificity, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Pathologic, Permeability, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiation Dosage, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiometry, Radiotherapy Planning, Ranvier's Nodes, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Skull, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Tomography, Transmission, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Ray Computed, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 15984687}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15984687}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Shechter2005, author = {Guy Shechter and Jon R Resar and Elliot R McVeigh}, title = {{R}est period duration of the coronary arteries: implications for magnetic resonance coronary angiography.}, journal = {Med Phys}, year = {2005}, volume = {32}, pages = {255--262}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography coronary imaging is susceptible to artifacts caused by motion of the heart. The presence of rest periods during the cardiac and respiratory cycles suggests that images free of motion artifacts could be acquired. In this paper, we studied the rest period (RP) duration of the coronary arteries during a cardiac contraction and a tidal respiratory cycle. We also studied whether three MR motion correction methods could be used to increase the respiratory RP duration. Free breathing x-ray coronary angiograms were acquired in ten patients. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the coronary arteries was reconstructed from a biplane acquisition using stereo reconstruction methods. The 3D motion of the arterial model was then recovered using an automatic motion tracking algorithm. The motion field was then decomposed into separate cardiac and respiratory components using a cardiac respiratory parametric model. For the proximal-to-middle segments of the right coronary artery (RCA), a cardiac RP (<1 mm 3D displacement) of 76+/-34 ms was measured at end systole (ES), and 65+/-42 ms in mid-diastole (MD). The cardiac RP was 80+/-25 ms at ES and 112+/-42 ms at MD for the proximal 5 cm of the left coronary tree. At end expiration, the respiratory RP (in percent of the respiratory period) was 26+/-8\% for the RCA and 27+/-17\% for the left coronary tree. Left coronary respiratory RP (<0.5 mm 3D displacement) increased with translation (32\% of the respiratory period), rigid body (51\%), and affine (79\%) motion correction. The RCA respiratory RP using translational (27\%) and rigid body (33\%) motion correction were not statistically different from each other. Measurements of the cardiac and respiratory rest periods will improve our understanding of the temporal and spatial resolution constraints for coronary imaging.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Biological Markers, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, P.H.S., Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, 15719976}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15719976}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Shekhar2004, author = {Shekhar, R.; Zagrodsky, V.; Garcia, M.J.; Thomas, J.D.;}, title = {Registration of real-time 3-D ultrasound images of the heart for novel 3-D stress echocardiography}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2004}, volume = {23}, pages = {1141 - 1149}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Silva2003, author = {Silva, L.C.; Petraglia, A.; Petraglia, M.R.;}, title = {Stereo vision system for real time inspection and 3D reconstruction}, booktitle = {Industrial Electronics, 2003. ISIE '03. 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Volume 1, 9-11 June 2003 Page(s):607 - 611 vol. 1}, year = {2003}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Silva2003a, author = {Silva, L.C.; Petraglia, A.; Petraglia, M.R.;}, title = {Stereo vision system for remote monitoring and 3-D reconstruction}, booktitle = {Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings. Seventh International Symposium on Volume 1, 1-4 July 2003 Page(s):9 - 12 vol.1}, year = {2003}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Skydan2005, author = {Oleksandr A Skydan and Michael J Lalor and David R Burton}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional shape measurement of non-full-field reflective surfaces.}, journal = {Appl Opt}, year = {2005}, volume = {44}, pages = {4745--4752}, number = {22}, month = {Aug}, abstract = {We describe a technique for the measurement of non-full-field reflective surfaces by using phase-stepping profilometry. We explain the principles of phase demodulation and discuss three-dimensional (3-D) height reconstruction in the case of measuring surfaces with reflective properties such as plain glass and mirrored glass. A number of required calibration algorithms are described to obtain surface slopes and reconstructed 3-D heights of the whole surface. Masking for non-full-field objects and the surface reconstruction procedure are demonstrated mathematically and algorithmically. Several experimental results are given for glass with different shapes and defects. Measurement of a spherical mirror with a known radius has also allowed us to show the performance of the proposed technique. This allows for the possibility to compare 3-D data from the known object with data taken from the measurement system.}, keywords = {16075887}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16075887}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{slabaughsurvey, author = {G. Slabaugh and B. Culbertson and T. Malzbender and R. Schafer}, title = {A Survey of Methods for Volumetric Scene Reconstruction from Photographs}, pages = {81--100}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/slabaugh01survey.html}, } @CONFERENCE{Smallen2001, author = {Smallen, S.; Casanova, H.; Berman, F.;}, title = {Applying Scheduling and Tuning to On-Line Parallel Tomography}, booktitle = {Supercomputing, ACM/IEEE 2001 Conference 10-16 Nov. 2001 Page(s):46 - 46}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Sminchisescu2005, author = {Cristian Sminchisescu and Dimitris Metaxas and Sven Dickinson}, title = {{I}ncremental model-based estimation using geometric constraints.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {727--738}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {We present a model-based framework for incremental, adaptive object shape estimation and tracking in monocular image sequences. Parametric structure and motion estimation methods usually assume a fixed class of shape representation (splines, deformable superquadrics, etc.) that is initialized prior to tracking. Since the model shape coverage is fixed a priori, the incremental recovery of structure is decoupled from tracking, thereby limiting both processes in their scope and robustness. In this work, we describe a model-based framework that supports the automatic detection and integration of low-level geometric primitives (lines) incrementally. Such primitives are not explicitly captured in the initial model, but are moving consistently with its image motion. The consistency tests used to identify new structure are based on trinocular constraints between geometric primitives. The method allows not only an increase in the model scope, but also improves tracking accuracy by including the newly recovered features in its state estimation. The formulation is a step toward automatic model building, since it allows both weaker assumptions on the availability of a prior shape representation and on the number of features that would otherwise be necessary for entirely bottom-up reconstruction. We demonstrate the proposed approach on two separate image-based tracking domains, each involving complex 3D object structure and motion.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Cadaver, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Hearing Loss, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Male, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Photography, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, ll Count, n, 15875794}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15875794}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @BOOK{Soille.2003., title = {Morphological Image Analysis. 2nd edition}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg}, year = {2003.}, author = {P. Soille.}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Sone2002, author = {Teruki Sone}, title = {[{T}echniques for the assessment of bone microstructure]}, journal = {Clin Calcium}, year = {2002}, volume = {12}, pages = {1549--1551}, number = {11}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {Recent advances in non-destructive techniques for imaging of cancellous bone have made possible true three-dimensional (3D) quantification of trabecular architecture. The architectural property can be measured from 3D reconstruction of cancellous bone specimens. Examples of such procedures are model-independent assessment of trabecular dimensions, 3D connectivity estimation, degree of anisotropy and structure type assessment. These new techniques would be utilized for the analysis of bone microstructure in various pathophysiological models.}, doi = {CliCa021115491551}, keywords = {, Regeneration, Absorbable Implants, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Automated, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Substitutes, Bony Callus, Brain, Breast, Cadaver, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cephalometry, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Densitometry, Dental, Dental Models, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electric Impedance, English Abstract, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Femoral Fractures, Femur, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Foot, Foot Bones, Fracture Healing, Guided Tissue, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Japan, Joint Instability, Lactates, Ligaments, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Metals, Microcomputers, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Orthopedic Procedures, Oryza sativa, Osteogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Polydioxanone, Polyethylene Glycols, Posture, Pressure, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Recombinant Proteins, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skull, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Computed, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Weight-Bearing, Wrist Joint, X-Ray, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15775455}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {021115491551}, pmid = {15775455}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/CliCa021115491551}, } @ARTICLE{Sora2006, author = {Mircea-Constantin Sora and Birgit Genser-Strobl and Jilavu Radu and Scott Lozanoff}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional reconstruction of the ankle by means of ultrathin slice plastination.}, journal = {Clin Anat}, year = {2006}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Computerized reconstruction of anatomical structures is becoming very useful for developing anatomical teaching modules and animations. Although databases exist consisting of serial sections derived from frozen cadaver material, plastination represents an alternate method for developing anatomical data useful for computerized reconstruction. Plastination is used as an excellent tool for studying different anatomical and clinical questions. The sheet plastination technique is unique because it offers the possibility to produce transparent slices series, which can easily be processed morphometrically. The purpose of this study was to describe a method for developing a computerized model of the human ankle using plastinated slices. This method could be applied to reconstruct any desired region of the human body.A human ankle was obtained, plastinated, sectioned, and subjected to 3D computerized reconstruction using WinSURF modeling system (SURFdriver Software). Qualitative observations revealed that the morphological features of the model were consistent with those displayed by typical cadaveric specimens. Morphometric analysis indicated that the model did not significantly differ from a sample of cadaveric specimens. These data support the use of plastinates for generating tissues sections useful for 3D computerized modeling. Clin. Anat. 19, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, doi = {10.1002/ca.20335}, keywords = {16617440}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16617440}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20335}, } @ARTICLE{Sosinsky2005, author = {Gina E Sosinsky and Thomas J Deerinck and Rocco Greco and Casey H Buitenhuys and Thomas M Bartol and Mark H Ellisman}, title = {{D}evelopment of a model for microphysiological simulations: small nodes of ranvier from peripheral nerves of mice reconstructed by electron tomography.}, journal = {Neuroinformatics}, year = {2005}, volume = {3}, pages = {133--162}, number = {2}, abstract = {The node of Ranvier is a complex structure found along myelinated nerves of vertebrate animals. Specific membrane, cytoskeletal, junctional, extracellular matrix proteins and organelles interact to maintain and regulate associated ion movements between spaces in the nodal complex, potentially influencing response variation during repetitive activations or metabolic stress. Understanding and building high resolution three dimensional (3D) structures of the node of Ranvier, including localization of specific macromolecules, is crucial to a better understanding of the relationship between its structure and function and the macromolecular basis for impaired conduction in disease. Using serial section electron tomographic methods, we have constructed accurate 3D models of the nodal complex from mouse spinal roots with resolution better than 7.5 nm. These reconstructed volumes contain 75-80\% of the thickness of the nodal region. We also directly imaged the glial axonal junctions that serve to anchor the terminal loops of the myelin lamellae to the axolemma. We created a model of an intact node of Ranvier by truncating the volume at its midpoint in Z, duplicating the remaining volume and then merging the new half volume with mirror symmetry about the Z-axis. We added to this model the distribution and number of Na+ channels on this reconstruction using tools associated with the MCell simulation program environment. The model created provides accurate structural descriptions of the membrane compartments, external spaces, and formed structures enabling more realistic simulations of the role of the node in modulation of impulse propagation than have been conducted on myelinated nerve previously.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Blood Circulation, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, Breast, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular System, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulatio, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Constriction, Data Display, Databases, Dental Models, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electron, Endoscopy, English Abstract, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Proteins, Extramural, Facial Bones, Female, Femur Head, Fibroblasts, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joints, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice, Microscopy, Miniature, Models, Molecular, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nitrogen Isotopes, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oral Surgical Procedures, Osteotomy, P.H.S., Paranasal Sinuses, Pathologic, Permeability, Phantoms, Photogrammetry, Photography, Planets, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Protons, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Ranvier's Nodes, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skin, Skull, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surface Properties, Surgery, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Titanium, Tomography, Transmission, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, X-Ray Computed, X-Rays, Zebrafish, n, 15988042}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {NI:3:2:133}, pmid = {15988042}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Soussen2004, author = {Soussen, C.; Mohammad-Djafari, A.;}, title = {Polygonal and polyhedral contour reconstruction in computed tomography}, journal = {Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on}, year = {2004}, volume = {13}, pages = {1507 - 1523}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Spagnolo2006, author = {Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo}, title = {{P}otentiality of 3{D} laser profilometry to determine the sequence of homogenous crossing lines on questioned documents.}, journal = {Forensic Sci Int}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {The determination of the sequence of line crossings is still a current problem in the field of forensic documents examination. Optical examination, lifting technique, ESDA technique, and electron microscopy are the most widely used methods for the determination of the writing order of crossing texts. However, at present many examinations of intersecting lines result in an inconclusive opinion, particularly if the same type and colour of ink is involved. This paper presents the potentiality of the 3D laser profilometry, which has been to determine the chronological sequence of homogenous "crossing lines". The laser profilometry, illustrated in this paper, has been developed on a conoscopic holography based system. It is a non-contact three-dimensional measuring system that allows producing holograms, even with incoherent light, with fringe periods that can be measured precisely to determine the exact distance to the point measured. This technique is suitable to obtain a 3D micro-topography with high resolution also on surfaces with unevenness reflectivity (usual for the paper surface). The proposed technique is able to obtained 3D profile in non-invading way. Therefore, the original draft are not physically or chemically modified, allowing a multi-analysis in different times. The experiments performed with line crossings database show that the proposed method is able of "positive identification" of writing sequence in the majority of the tests. In absence of a positive identification, the result has been "inconclusive" (no false determination did occur in this work).}, doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.004}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Comparative Study, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Male, Meniere's Disease, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, 16431054}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0379-0738(05)00637-7}, pmid = {16431054}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.004}, } @ARTICLE{Spicer2000, author = {D. Spicer and T. H. Marwick}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional echocardiography: research toy or clinical tool?}, journal = {Heart Lung Circ}, year = {2000}, volume = {9}, pages = {98--107}, number = {3}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {Conventional 2D echocardiography is an excellent qualitative imaging method, but its use for quantitation is limited by test-retest reproducibility of image planes. The increasing sophistication of medical treatments for left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension and valvular heart disease has created the need for accurate and reproducible measurements of chamber dimensions. Similarly, improvements in valve repair and catheter-based interventions for valve lesions and septal defects have created the need for better visualisation of cardiac structures. The use of 31) echocardiography may decrease variability both in the quality and interpretation of complex pathology among investigators. Three-dimensional echocardiography is achieved by using a 3D spatial registration device with a conventional 21) scanner, or by using a high-speed, phased-array real-time scanner. The latter are still developmental, so that the technique currently requires use of a 21) scanner, combined with a 31) spatial coordinate system, which may be external or internal to the scanning transducer. An external system permits data acquired from several cardiac windows to be integrated and reconstructed. Image reconstruction is performed using a wire-frame model or surface rendering. Wire-frame models are formed by manual or automatic connection of boundary data points; this approach uses fewer data points than rendering, can be rapidly processed and is sufficient for quantitative analysis. Surface-rendering uses lighting and shading applied to a wire-frame model to produce a realistic 31) display, which may be useful for surgical planning and increasing understanding of anatomic relations. Three-dimensional echocardiography yields more accurate measurements of ventricular volume and function, as well as new measurements such as infarct area. With increased reproducibility and reliability, 3D echocardiography may well prove to be the essential tool required for the serial follow up of left ventricular mass and volume.}, doi = {10.1046/j.1444-2892.2000.009003098.x}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Blood Volume, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Rabbits, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16352003}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1443-9506(00)90562-6}, pmid = {16352003}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2892.2000.009003098.x}, } @ARTICLE{Spiniak2005, author = {Juan Spiniak and Andres Guesalaga and Roberto Mir and Marcelo Guarini and Pablo Irarrazaval}, title = {{U}ndersampling k-space using fast progressive 3{D} trajectories.}, journal = {Magn Reson Med}, year = {2005}, volume = {54}, pages = {886--892}, number = {4}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {In 3D MRI, sampling k-space with traditional trajectories can be excessively time-consuming. Fast imaging trajectories are used in an attempt to efficiently cover the k-space and reduce the scan time without significantly affecting the image quality. In many applications, further reductions in scan time can be achieved via undersampling of the k-space; however, no clearly optimal method exists. In most 3D trajectories the k-space is divided into regions that are sampled with shots that share a common geometry (e.g., spirals). A different approach is to design trajectories that gradually but uniformly cover the k-space. In the current work, successive shots progressively add sampled regions to the 3D frequency space. By cutting the sequence short, a natural undersampled method is obtained. This can be particularly efficient because in these types of trajectories the contribution of new information by later shots is less significant. In this work the performance of progressive trajectories for different degrees of undersampling is assessed with trajectories based on missile guidance (MG) ideas. The results show that the approach can be efficient in terms of reducing the scan time, and performs better than the stack of spirals (SOS) technique, particularly under nonideal conditions.}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.20626}, keywords = {Algorithms, Computer-Assisted, Dose Fractionation, Humans, Hyperthermia, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Induced, Information Storage and Retrieval, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mathematics, Neoplasms, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phantoms, Radiotherapy, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sample Size, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Temperature, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16142719}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16142719}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20626}, } @ARTICLE{Stark2004, author = {Hans-Jürgen Stark and Michael J Willhauck and Nicolae Mirancea and Karsten Boehnke and Iris Nord and Dirk Breitkreutz and Alessandra Pavesio and Petra Boukamp and Norbert E Fusenig}, title = {{A}uthentic fibroblast matrix in dermal equivalents normalises epidermal histogenesis and dermoepidermal junction in organotypic co-culture.}, journal = {Eur J Cell Biol}, year = {2004}, volume = {83}, pages = {631--645}, number = {11-12}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {Besides medical application as composite skin grafts, in vitro constructed skin equivalents (SEs) or organotypic co-cultures represent valuable tools for cutaneous biology. Major drawbacks of conventional models, employing collagen hydrogels as dermal equivalents (DEs), are a rather poor stability and limited life span, restricting studies to early phases of skin regeneration. Here we present an improved stabilised in vitro model actually providing the basis for skin-like homeostasis. Keratinocytes were grown on dermal equivalents (DEs) reinforced by modified hyaluronic acid fibres (Hyalograft-3D) and colonised with skin fibroblasts, producing genuine dermis-type matrix. These SEs developed a superior epidermal architecture with regular differentiation and ultrastructure, which occurred also faster than in SEs based on collagen-DEs. Critical aspects of differentiation, still unbalanced in early stages, were perfectly re-normalised, most strikingly the co-expression of keratins K1/K10 and downregulation of regeneration-associated keratins such as K16. The restriction of integrin and K15 distribution as well as keratinocyte proliferation to the basal layer underlined the restored tissue polarity, while the drop of growth rates towards physiological levels implied finally accomplishment of homeostasis. This correlated to faster basement membrane (BM) formation and ultrastructurally defined dermo-epidermal junction including abundant anchoring fibrils for strong tissue connection. Whereas the fibroblasts in the scaffold initially secreted a typical provisional regenerative matrix (fibronectin, tenascin), with time collagens of mature dermis (type I and III) were accumulating giving rise to an in vivo-like matrix with regularly organised bundles of striated collagen fibrils. In contrast to the more catabolic state in conventional DEs, the de novo reconstruction of genuine dermal tissue seemed to be a key element for maintaining prolonged normal keratinocyte proliferation (followed up to 8 wks), fulfilling the criteria of tissue-homeostasis, and possibly providing a stem cell niche.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Basement Membrane, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Coculture Techniques, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cultured, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dermis, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epidermis, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extracellular Matrix, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Extramural, Female, Fibroblasts, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Integrins, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Morphogenesis, Movement, Myocardium, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurofilament Proteins, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Organ Culture Techniques, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Sinoatrial Node, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Theoretical, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, 15679108}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15679108}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{Steinbach2000, author = {Steinbach, E.; Girod, B.; Eisert, P.; Betz, A.;}, title = {3-D reconstruction of real-world objects using extended voxels}, booktitle = {Image Processing, 2000. Proceedings. 2000 International Conference on Volume 1, 10-13 Sept. 2000 Page(s):569 - 572 vol.1}, year = {2000}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Strik2005, author = {H. M. Strik and H. Borchert and C. Fels and M. Knauth and O. Rienhoff and M. Bähr and J. F. Verhey}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional reconstruction and volumetry of intracranial haemorrhage and its mass effect.}, journal = {Neuroradiology}, year = {2005}, volume = {47}, pages = {417--424}, number = {6}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {Intracerebral haemorrhage still causes considerable disability and mortality. The studies on conservative and operative management are inconclusive, probably due to inexact volumetry of the haemorrhage. We investigated whether three-dimensional (3-D), voxel-based volumetry of the haemorrhage and its mass effect is feasible with routine computed tomography (CT) scans. The volumes of the haemorrhage, ventricles, midline shift, the intracranial volume and ventricular compression in CT scans of 12 patients with basal ganglia haemorrhage were determined with the 3-D slicer software. Indices of haemorrhage and intracranial or ventricular volume were calculated and correlated with the clinical data. The intended measures could be determined with an acceptable intra-individual variability. The 3-D volumetric data tended to correlate better with the clinical course than the conventionally assessed distance of midline shift and volume of haemorrhage. 3-D volumetry of intracranial haemorrhage and its mass effect is feasible with routine CT examination. Prospective studies should assess its value for clinical studies on intracranial space-occupying diseases.}, doi = {10.1007/s00234-005-1373-9}, keywords = { Support, 80 and over, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Anthropometry, Artifici, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, Biological, Bioprosthesis, Bloo, Blood Vessels, Brain, Brain Mapping, Catheterization, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Line, Cluster Analysis, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Drug Combinations, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kinetics, Laminin, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Mice, Middle Aged, Models, N.I.H., Neovascularization, Neurological, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Orbit, Organ Size, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Physiologic, Positr, Prosthesis Design, Proteoglycans, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Reproducibility , Reproducibility of Results, Research, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stem Cells, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Distribution, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, al Intelligence, d Vessel Prosthesis, of Results, on-Emission Tomography, 15856213}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15856213}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-005-1373-9}, } @ARTICLE{Suhara2006, author = {Wakako Suhara and Mime Kobayashi and Hiroshi Sagara and Kozo Hamada and Touichiro Goto and Ichiro Fujimoto and Keiichi Torimitsu and Katsuhiko Mikoshiba}, title = {{V}isualization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by atomic force microscopy.}, journal = {Neurosci Lett}, year = {2006}, volume = {391}, pages = {102--107}, number = {3}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R) acts as a ligand-gated channel that mediates neuronal signals by releasing Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of tetrameric IP(3)R has been demonstrated by using electron microscopy (EM) with static specimens; however, the dynamic aspects of the IP(3)R structure have never been visualized in a native environment. Here we attempt to measure the surface topography of IP(3)R in solution using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM revealed large protrusions extending approximately 4.3 nm above a flat membrane prepared from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells overexpressing mouse type 1 IP(3)R (Sf9-IP(3)R1). The average diameter of the large protrusions was approximately 32 nm. A specific antibody against a cytosolic epitope close to the IP(3)-binding site enabled us to gold-label the Sf9-IP(3)R1 membrane as confirmed by EM. AFM images of the gold-labeled membrane revealed 7.7-nm high protrusions with a diameter of approximately 30 nm, which should be IP(3)R1-antibody complexes. Authentic IP(3)R1 immuno-purified from mouse cerebella had approximately the same dimensions as those of the IP(3)R-like protrusions on the membrane. Altogether, these results suggest that the large protrusions on the Sf9-IP(3)R1 membrane correspond to the cytosolic domain of IP(3)R1. Our study provides the first 3D representation of individual IP(3)R1 particles in an aqueous solution.}, doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.066}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Atomic Force, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Child, Comparative Study, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Male, Meniere's Disease, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Protein Conformation, Receptors, Scoliosis, Solutions, Thoracic Vertebrae, Treatment Outcome, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, 16198054}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0304-3940(05)00988-2}, pmid = {16198054}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.066}, } @ARTICLE{Surti2004, author = {Suleman Surti and Joel S Karp}, title = {{I}maging characteristics of a 3-dimensional {GSO} whole-body {PET} camera.}, journal = {J Nucl Med}, year = {2004}, volume = {45}, pages = {1040--1049}, number = {6}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {A whole-body 3-dimensional PET scanner using gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO) crystals has been designed to achieve high sensitivity and reduced patient scanning time. This scanner has a diameter of 82.0 cm and an axial field of view of 18 cm without interplane septa. The detector comprises of 4 x 6 x 20 mm(3) GSO crystals coupled via an optically continuous light guide to an array of 420 photomultiplier tubes (39-mm diameter) in a hexagonal arrangement. The patient port diameter is 56 cm, and 2.86-cm (1.125 in.) thick lead shielding is used to fill in the region up to the detector ring. METHODS: Performance measurements on the scanner were made using the National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) NU 2-2001 procedures. Additional counting rate measurements with a large phantom were performed to evaluate imaging characteristics for heavier patients. The image-quality torso phantom with hot or cold spheres was also measured as a function of counting rate to evaluate different techniques for randoms and scatter subtraction as well as to determine an optimum imaging time. RESULTS: The transverse and axial resolutions near the center are 5.5 and 5.6 mm, respectively. The absolute sensitivity of this scanner measured with a 70-cm-long line source is 4.36 cps/kBq, whereas the scatter fraction is 40\% with a 20 x 70 cm line source cylinder. For the same cylinder, the peak noise equivalent count (NEC) rate of 30 kcps at an activity concentration of 9.25 kBq/mL (0.25 micro Ci/mL) leads to a 7\% increase in the peak NEC value. A significant reduction in the peak NEC is observed with a larger 35 x 70 cm line source cylinder. Image-quality measurements show that the small 10-mm sphere in the NEMA NU 2-2001 image-quality phantom is clearly visible in a scan time of 3 min, and there is no noticeable degradation in image contrast at high activity levels. CONCLUSION: This whole-body scanner represents a new generation of 3D, high-sensitivity, and high-performance PET cameras capable of producing high-quality images in <30 min for a full patient scan. The use of a pixelated GSO Anger-logic detector leads to a high-sensitivity scanner design with good counting rate capability due to the reduced light spread in the detector and fast decay time of GSO. The light collection over the detector is fairly uniform, leading to a good energy resolution and, thus, reduced scatter in the collected data due to a tight energy gate.}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdominal, Adult, Aged, Aging, Aneurysm, Angiography, Aorta, Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Diseases, Aortic Valve, Aortic Valve Insufficiency, Artifacts, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cine, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Data Display, Diagnosis, Differential, Digital Subtraction, Dissecting, Doppler, Echocardiography, Emission-Computed, English Abstract, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Face, Female, Fertility, Finite Element Analysis, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gamma Cameras, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Imaging, Infrared Rays, Lasers, Leiomyoma, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Middle Aged, Models, Myocardial Contraction, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Oral Surgical Procedures, Osmolar Concentration, Ovarian Follicle, Ovary, P.H.S., Pancreatic Pseudocyst, Phantoms, Photography, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Artery, Pulsatile Flow, Punctures, Reference Valu, Regional Blood Flow, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Ruptured, Sarcoma, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Silicates, Spin Labels, Stereotaxic Techniques, Stress, Surgery, Thoracic, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Transducers, Tunica Intima, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Uterine Neoplasms, Vascular Neoplasms, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, es, 15181139}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15181139}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{Tai-Peng2005, author = {Tai-Peng Tian, Stan Sclaroff}, title = {Handsignals Recognition From Video Using 3D Motion Capture Data}, year = {2005}, volume = {2}, journal = {IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (WACV/MOTION'05)}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Tao2005, author = {Ling Tao and Huinan Wang and Zhiliang Tian}, title = {[{S}tudy of fluoroscopic triggering technique in 3{D}-dynamic contrast enhancement magnetic resonance angiography]}, journal = {Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi}, year = {2005}, volume = {22}, pages = {1134--1139}, number = {6}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {In the examination of 3D DCE-MRA, it is the key of success or failure to measure and compute the delaying scan time accurately. Now, the timing technique used widely in clinic is test injection bolus, which is limited by inadequate perfectibility, limited spatial resolution and technique complexity. In this article is presented a technique in which contrast arrival is detected in the targeted vasculature in real time using MR fluoroscopy. Upon detection the operator triggers a 3D MR angiographic acquisition which uses an elliptical centric view order. It is shown that the view order intrinsically provides a high degree of venous suppression, a high degree of immunity to motion effects and a high degree of spatial resolution. The reliability of fluoroscopic triggering in bolus detection is shown to be over 95\%. The technique provides high quality contrast-enhanced MR angiograms for many vascular regions.}, keywords = {Animals, Autoradiography, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Comparative Study, English Abstract, Experimental, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Heterotopic, Humans, Inbred C57BL, Lewis Lung, Liver Neoplasms, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Mice, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ossification, Positron-Emission Tomography, Postoperative Complications, Spondylitis, Tissue Distribution, 16422083}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16422083}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Taylor2006, author = {William R Taylor and Rainald M Ehrig and Markus O Heller and Hanna Schell and Petra Seebeck and Georg N Duda}, title = {{T}ibio-femoral joint contact forces in sheep.}, journal = {J Biomech}, year = {2006}, volume = {39}, pages = {791--798}, number = {5}, abstract = {Although the sheep has become a standard model for understanding the mechanical conditions that occur after injury and investigating surgical treatments such as osteochondral defect healing and ligament reconstruction, no study has yet evaluated the contact forces that occur in the sheep tibio-femoral joint in vivo. In this study, bone pins, together with reflective markers, were used to measure the 3D kinematics of three sheep hind limbs, simultaneously with the ground reaction forces during repetitions of gait trials. Joint contact forces were then calculated using inverse dynamics and optimisation techniques. Whilst average peak axial tibio-femoral contact forces of 2.1 body weight (BW) were calculated across the 3 sheep, only small medio-lateral and antero-posterior shear forces, averaging 0.7 BW, were determined. Average knee flexion angles ranging from 49 degrees to 70 degrees were observed. From the forces determined in this study, we have provided a better understanding of the mechanical loading environment that occurs in sheep. This has important implications for the interpretation of knee studies in quadrupeds and their relevance to the clinical situation.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.006}, keywords = {16488218}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0021-9290(05)00092-8}, pmid = {16488218}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.006}, } @ARTICLE{Tognola2003, author = {Tognola, G.; Parazzini, M.; Ravazzani, P.; Grandori, F.; Svelto, C.;}, title = {3-D acquisition and quantitative measurements of anatomical parts by optical scanning and image reconstruction from unorganized range data}, journal = {Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2003}, volume = {52}, pages = {1665 - 1673}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Toledo2006, author = {Eran Toledo and Roberto M Lang and Keith A Collins and Georgeanne Lammertin and Ursula Williams and Lynn Weinert and Gil Bolotin and Patrick D Coon and Jai Raman and Lawrence D Jacobs and Victor Mor-Avi}, title = {{I}maging and quantification of myocardial perfusion using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.}, journal = {J Am Coll Cardiol}, year = {2006}, volume = {47}, pages = {146--154}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We tested the feasibility of real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic (RT3DE) perfusion imaging and developed and validated an algorithm for volumetric analysis of myocardial contrast inflow. The study included three protocols wherein perfusion was measured: 1) in an ex-vivo model of controlled global coronary flow, 2) in an in-vivo model during regional perfusion variations, and 3) in humans during pharmacologically induced hyperemia. BACKGROUND: The RT3DE technology offers an opportunity for myocardial perfusion imaging without multi-slice reconstruction and repeated contrast maneuvers. METHODS: Electrocardiographically triggered harmonic RT3DE datasets were acquired (Philips 7500) while infusion of Definity was initiated and reached a steady state. Protocol 1 was performed in nine isolated rabbit hearts and included three coronary flow levels. In protocol 2, changes in regional perfusion caused by partial left anterior descending artery occlusion were measured in five pigs. In protocol 3, adenosine-induced changes in perfusion were measured in eight normal volunteers. Myocardial video-intensity (MVI) was measured over time in three-dimensional (3D) slices to calculate peak contrast inflow rate (PCIR). In pigs, PCIR was measured on a regional basis and validated against microspheres. RESULTS: The RT3DE imaging allowed selection of slices for perfusion analysis in rabbit hearts, pigs, and humans. Administration of contrast resulted in clearly visible and quantifiable changes in MVI. In rabbits, The PCIR progressively decreased with coronary flow (p < 0.0001). In pigs, coronary occlusion caused a 59 +/- 26\% decrease in PCIR exclusively in the left anterior descending artery territory (p < 0.05) in agreement with microspheres. In humans, adenosine increased PCIR to 198 +/- 57\% of baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced RT3DE imaging provides the basis for volumetric imaging and quantification of myocardial perfusion.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.053}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Blood Volume, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Penis, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Rabbits, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Robotics, Software, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16386679}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0735-1097(05)02357-0}, pmid = {16386679}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.053}, } @ARTICLE{Tomazevic2005, author = {Tomazevic, D.; Likar, B.; Pernus, F.;}, title = {3-D/2-D registration by integrating 2-D information in 3-D}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {25}, pages = {17 - 27}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Tonni2005, author = {Gabriele Tonni and Giovanni Centini and Lucia Rosignoli}, title = {{P}renatal screening for fetal face and clefting in a prospective study on low-risk population: can 3- and 4-dimensional ultrasound enhance visualization and detection rate?}, journal = {Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod}, year = {2005}, volume = {100}, pages = {420--426}, number = {4}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {A study of 1856 second trimester low-risk pregnancies was conducted over a period of 12 months to evaluate the detection rate of cleft lip and palate by 3- and 4-dimensional (3D, 4D) ultrasonography. To image the fetal face and profile, a protocol regarding the use of external or internal hand stimulation or a repeated scan was followed, and the time taken to perform 3D scan was compared to that of a conventional 2D ultrasound. One case of unilateral right cleft lip and a cleft lip plus cleft palate were both identified, giving a prevalence of 1.1 per 1000 live births and a prenatal detection rate of 100\%. The average imaging time for fetal face/profile view was significantly less with 3D when compared to 2D (5.33 vs 6.2 seconds, P < .001) and diagnosis at first scan without external or internal hand stimulation was feasible in 78\% by 2D versus 87\% by 3D technique (P < .0001). Cleft lip and palate were isolated prenatal findings and newborn karyotyping showed normal chromosomal maps in both cases. With the use of this standardized protocol, we were able to image the fetal face and profile view in all cases. We underline the critical role of sonographic expertise in screening for these anomalies and the great enhancement in imaging soft tissues and bone lesions by using 3D ultrasound. We advocate that screening for cleft lip and palate be included in future standard ultrasound examination in the second trimester of pregnancy.}, doi = {10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.02.082}, keywords = {80 and over, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure, Alcoholism, Algorithms, Anatomic, Angiography, Ankle Joint, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Biomechanics, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Cine, Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Conformal, Corpus Callosum, Digital Subtraction, Dose Fractionation, Drug Administration Schedule, Echo-Planar Imaging, English Abstract, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Female, Forecasting, Genetic Screening, Health Care, Humans, Hypertension, Hypertensive, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imagi, Imaging, Infant, Information Storage and Retrieval, Injections, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Kidney Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metas, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mediastinum, Middle Aged, Models, Movement, Multivariate Analysis, Muscle, N.I.H., Neoplasm Staging, Newborn, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Phonetics, Positron-Emission Tomography, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Prenatal, Principal Component Analysis, Probability, Prospective Studies, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality Assurance, ROC Curve, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reference Standards, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sample Size, Second, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skeletal, Software Validation, Sound Spectrography, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Tongue, Transducers, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, User-Computer Interface, Water, Whole Body Imaging, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, ng, s, tasis, 16182163}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1079-2104(05)00205-2}, pmid = {16182163}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.02.082}, } @ARTICLE{Toso2005, author = {F. Toso and C. Zuiani and M. Vergendo and L. Salvo and M. Robiony and M. Politi and M. Bazzocchi}, title = {{U}sefulness of {C}omputed {T}omography in pre-surgical evaluation of maxillo-facial pathology with rapid prototyping and surgical pre-planning by virtual reality.}, journal = {Radiol Med (Torino)}, year = {2005}, volume = {110}, pages = {665--675}, number = {5-6}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To validate a protocol for creating virtual models to be used in the construction of solid prototypes useful for the planning-simulation of maxillo-facial surgery, in particular for very complex anatomic and pathologic problems. To optimize communications between the radiology, engineering and surgical laboratories. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied 16 patients with different clinical problems of the maxillo-facial district. Exams were performed with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and single slice computed tomography (SDCT) with axial scans and collimation of 0.5-2 mm, and reconstruction interval of 1 mm. Subsequently we performed 2D multiplanar reconstructions and 3D volume-rendering reconstructions. We exported the DICOM images to the engineering laboratory, to recognize and isolate the bony structures by software. With these data the solid prototypes were generated using stereolitography. To date, surgery has been preformed on 12 patients after simulation of the procedure on the stereolithographyc model. RESULTS: The solid prototypes constructed in the difficult cases were sufficiently detailed despite problems related to the artefacts generated by dental fillings an d prostheses. In the remaining cases the MPR/3D images were sufficiently detailed for surgical planning. The surgical results were excellent in all patients who underwent surgery, and the surgeons were satisfied with the improvement in quality and the reduction in time required for the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT enables rapid prototyping using solid replication, which was very helpful in maxillo-facial surgery, despite problems related to artifacts due to dental fillings and prosthesis within the acquisition field; solutions for this problem are work in progress. The protocol used for communication between the different laboratories was valid and reproducible.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Amino Acid Substitution, Anatomic, Bacteriophage P22, Biophysics, Capsid, Capsid Proteins, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cysteine, Extramural, Humans, Mass, Minimally Invasive, Models, Molecu, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Binding, Protein Subunits, Research Support, Spectrum Analysis, Surgical Procedures, Threonine, Virus Assembly, lar, 16437052}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16437052}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Turgeon2005, author = {Guy-Anne Turgeon and Glen Lehmann and Gerard Guiraudon and Maria Drangova and David Holdsworth and Terry Peters}, title = {2{D}-3{D} registration of coronary angiograms for cardiac procedure planning and guidance.}, journal = {Med Phys}, year = {2005}, volume = {32}, pages = {3737--3749}, number = {12}, month = {Dec}, abstract = {We present a completely automated 2D-3D registration technique that accurately maps a patient-specific heart model, created from preoperative images, to the patient's orientation in the operating room. This mapping is based on the registration of preoperatively acquired 3D vascular data with intraoperatively acquired angiograms. Registration using both single and dual-plane angiograms is explored using simulated but realistic datasets that were created from clinical images. Heart deformations and cardiac phase mismatches are taken into account in our validation using a digital 4D human heart model. In an ideal situation where the pre- and intraoperative images were acquired at identical time points within the cardiac cycle, the single-plane and the dual-plane registrations resulted in 3D root-mean-square (rms) errors of 1.60 +/- 0.21 and 0.53 +/- 0.08 mm, respectively. When a 10\% timing offset was added between the pre- and the intraoperative acquisitions, the single-plane registration approach resulted in inaccurate registrations in the out-of-plane axis, whereas the dual-plane registration exhibited a 98\% success rate with a 3D rms error of 1.33 +/- 0.28 mm. When all potential sources of error were included, namely, the anatomical background, timing offset, and typical errors in the vascular tree reconstruction, the dual-plane registration performed at 94\% with an accuracy of 2.19 +/- 0.77 mm.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Biophysics, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Humans, Minimally Invasive, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Surgical Procedures, 16475773}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16475773}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Turner2006, author = {Wesley Turner and Peter Tu and Timothy Kelliher and Rebecca Brown}, title = {{C}omputer-aided forensics: facial reconstruction.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2006}, volume = {119}, pages = {550--555}, abstract = {The 3D reconstruction of facial features from skeletal remains is a key component to the identification of missing persons and victims of violent crime. A comprehensive Computed Tomography (CT) head-scan database is currently being collected which will enable a new approach to forensic facial reconstruction. Using this unique resource, we show how a face space can be tailored to a specific unknown, or questioned skull. A set of database derived estimates of the questioned face is constructed by first computing non-rigid transformations between the known head-scan skulls and the questioned skull followed by application of these transformations to the known head-scan faces. This effectively factors out influences due to skeletal variation. A tailored face space is formed by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to this ensemble of estimates of the questioned face. Thus, the face space is a direct approximation of correlated soft tissue variance indicative of the population. Ours is the first mathematical representation of the face continuum associated with a given skull. Embedded in this space resides the elements needed for recognition.}, keywords = {Adult, Algorithms, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Angle Class III, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Artifacts, Autoradiography, Carcinoma, Cephalometry, Cerebral Angiography, Cervical Vertebrae, Comparative Study, Computer-Aided Design, Dexamethasone, Edema, English Abstract, Experimental, Face, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Follow-Up Studies, Forensic Anthropology, Heterotopic, Humans, Imaging, Inbred C57BL, Intracranial Aneurysm, Lasers, Lewis Lung, Liver Neoplasms, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Malocclusion, Mandible, Maxilla, Mice, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ossification, Phantoms, Positron-Emission Tomography, Postoperative Complications, Premedication, Prospective Studies, Radiation Dosage, Spondylitis, Surgical Instruments, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Distribution, Titanium, Tomography, Tomography Scanners, United States, X-Ray Computed, 16404119}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16404119}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Ungar2004, author = {Peter Ungar}, title = {{D}ental topography and diets of {A}ustralopithecus afarensis and early {H}omo.}, journal = {J Hum Evol}, year = {2004}, volume = {46}, pages = {605--622}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {Diet is key to understanding the paleoecology of early hominins. We know little about the diets of these fossil taxa, however, in part because of a limited fossil record, and in part because of limitations in methods available to infer their feeding adaptations. This paper applies a new method, dental topographic analysis, to the inference of diet from fossil hominin teeth. This approach uses laser scanning to generate digital 3D models of teeth and geographic information systems software to measure surface attributes, such as slope and occlusal relief. Because it does not rely on specific landmarks that change with wear, dental topographic analysis allows measurement and comparison of variably worn teeth, greatly increasing sample sizes compared with techniques that require unworn teeth. This study involved comparison of occlusal slope and relief of the lower second molars of Australopithecus afarensis (n=15) and early Homo (n=8) with those of Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n=47) and Pan troglodytes troglodytes (n=54). Results indicate that while all groups show reduced slope and relief in progressively more worn specimens, there are consistent differences at given wear stages among the taxa. Early Homo shows steeper slopes and more relief than chimpanzees, whereas A. afarensis shows less slope and relief than any of the other groups. The differences between the two hominin taxa are on the same order as those between the extant apes, suggesting similar degrees of difference in diet. Because these chimpanzees and gorillas differ mostly in fallback foods where they are sympatric, results suggest that the early hominins may likewise have differed mostly in fallback foods, with A. afarensis emphasizing harder, more brittle foods, and early Homo relying on tougher, more elastic foods.}, doi = {004}, keywords = {Acoustic, Algorithms, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids, Anatomic, Animals, Biomechanics, Cattle, Computer-Assisted, Diet, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Disulfides, Ear Neoplasms, Ecology, English Abstract, Female, Fossils, Geographic Information Systems, Hominidae, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Models, Moire Topogr, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasm Staging, Neuroma, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Paleontology, Pregnancy, Primates, Protein Structure, Radiosurgery, Rese, Research Support, Rhodopsin, Secondary, Software, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Tooth, U.S. Gov't, X-Ray Computed, aphy, arch Support, 15120268}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0047248404000508}, pmid = {15120268}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/004}, } @CONFERENCE{Vareille.2000, author = {G. Vareille.}, title = {Full body 3d digitizer.}, booktitle = {International conference of numerisation 3D - Scanning, 2000. 16}, year = {2000}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Vicar2004, author = {Vicar, D.M.; Ford, S.; Borland, E.; Rixon, R.; Patterson, J.; Cockshott, P.}, title = {3D performance capture for facial animation}, booktitle = {3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, 2004. 3DPVT 2004. Proceedings. 2nd International Symposium on 6-9 Sept. 2004}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Vinkenoog2005, author = {Marjolein Vinkenoog and Michel C van den Oever and Harry B M Uylings and Floris G Wouterlood}, title = {{R}andom or selective neuroanatomical connectivity. {S}tudy of the distribution of fibers over two populations of identified interneurons in cerebral cortex.}, journal = {Brain Res Brain Res Protoc}, year = {2005}, volume = {14}, pages = {67--76}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {We present a neuroanatomical tracing method in a stereological approach to study the proportional distribution of fibers of a particular projection over two chemically different populations of neurons. The fiber projection from the presubiculum to the medial division of the entorhinal cortex of the rat serves as a model projection. Potential target interneurons express calcium binding proteins, either parvalbumin or calretinin. The three markers were simultaneously stained in one and the same histological section. The procedure is according to a three-phase procedure, i.e., in vivo tracer injection phase, histology phase, laserscanning phase. Steps involved are: (1) Surgical application to the presubiculum (injection) of the neuroanatomical tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), with the purpose of labeling fibers innervating the entorhinal cortex. After surgery, transport of the tracer takes place during the one-week survival period; (2) Fluorescence detection of the labeled fibers through staining with fluorochromated avidin (avidin-Alexa Fluor 488 [green fluorescence]); (3) Simultaneous Immunofluorescence detection of two interneuron markers (using the appropriate primary antibodies and secondary antibodies conjugated to the fluorochromes Alexa Fluor 594 [red fluorescence] and Alexa Fluor 633 [infrared fluorescence]); (4) Acquisition of low-magnification images in a confocal laserscanning microscope and the preparation on a computer of a montage image covering the entire entorhinal cortex; (5) Overlaying this montage with a sampling grid; (6) Acquisition at high magnification of Z-series of confocal images in a statistical valid way based on this grid. Each marker was visualized in its own laser excitation/emission channel: 488, 568 and 647 nm; (7) Image processing and 3D reconstruction followed by evaluation of the results. The present approach can be used to examine whether or not a particular class of chemically identified neurons receives preferential innervation by a particular fiber projection.}, doi = {10.1016/j.brainresprot.2004.09.005}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Biological Markers, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Models, Molar, Molecular, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, P.H.S., Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Signal Processing, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, 15721812}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1385-299X(04)00075-3}, pmid = {15721812}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2004.09.005}, } @ARTICLE{Virador48, author = {Virador, P.R.G.; Moses, W.W.; Huesman, R.H.; Qi, J.;}, title = {3-D reconstruction in PET cameras with irregular sampling and depth of interaction}, journal = {Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2001}, volume = {48}, pages = {1524 - 1529}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Vouldis2005, author = {Angelos T Vouldis and Costas N Kechribaris and Theofanis A Maniatis and Konstantina S Nikita and Nikolaos K Uzunoglu}, title = {{I}nvestigating the enhancement of three-dimensional diffraction tomography by using multiple illumination planes.}, journal = {J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis}, year = {2005}, volume = {22}, pages = {1251--1262}, number = {7}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {The three dimensional (3-D) extension of the two well-known diffraction tomography algorithms, namely, direct Fourier interpolation (DFI) and filtered backpropagation (FBP), are presented and the problem of the data needed for a full 3-D reconstruction is investigated. These algorithms can be used efficiently to solve the inverse scattering problem for weak scatterers in the frequency domain under the first-order Born and Rytov approximations. Previous attempts of 3-D reconstruction with plane-wave illumination have used data obtained with the incident direction restricted at the xy plane. However, we show that this restriction results in the omission of the contribution of certain spatial frequencies near the omegaz axis for the final reconstruction. The effect of this omission is studied by comparing the results of reconstruction with and without data obtained from other incident directions that fill the spatial frequency domain. We conclude that the use of data obtained for incident direction in only the xy plane is sufficient to achieve a satisfactory quality of reconstruction for a class of objects presenting smooth variation along the z axis, while abrupt variations along the z axis cannot be imaged. This result should be taken into account in the process of designing the acquisition geometry of a tomography scanner.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Lighting, Optical Coherence, Refractometry, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, 16053146}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16053146}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Wagner2006, author = {Aurel Popa-Wagner and Ivona Dinca and Suofu Yalikun and Lary Walker and Heyo Kroemer and Christof Kessler}, title = {{A}ccelerated delimitation of the infarct zone by capillary-derived nestin-positive cells in aged rats.}, journal = {Curr Neurovasc Res}, year = {2006}, volume = {3}, pages = {3--13}, number = {1}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {An important cellular event associated with reduced structural and functional recovery after stroke in aged animals is the early formation of a scar in the infarcted region that impairs neural recovery and repair. Despite the detrimental impact of infarct scar formation, the brain regions and cell types that supply the components of the scar are not well characterized. We hypothesized that premature cerebral scar formation in aged animals is associated with an altered cellular response to cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in 3 month- and 20 month-old male Sprague Dawley rats. After 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, brain tissue was subjected to real-time reverse-transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunostaining for 1) a cellular proliferation marker (BrdU); 2) a neuroepithelial marker (nestin); 3) an astrocytic marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]); 4) a neuronal marker, doublecortin; and 5) a basal lamina marker (laminin), and analyzed using 3D-reconstruction of confocal images. In this model the infarct was localized primarily in the parietal cortex. By RT-PCR there was a robust increase in nestin mRNA transcripts shortly after stroke, and this increase was particularly intense in aged rats. Accordantly, we found in aged rats a rapid delimitation of the infarct area by nestin-positive cells and an early incorporation of these cells into the glial scar. The capillaries of the corpus callosum were the major source of proliferating, nestin-positive cells, many of which were also immunoreactive for doublecortin, although a smaller population of nestin cells were associated with the ventricular walls. Despite the proliferation of nestin cells, they did not make a significant contribution to neurogenesis in the infarcted cortex, possibly because the corpus callosum impedes the migration of subventricular zone-derived nestin-positive cells into the lesioned area. We conclude that: (i) the aged brain has the capability to mount a cytoproliferative response to injury, but the timing of the cellular and genetic reaction to cerebral insult is accelerated in aged animals; (ii) the proliferating cells contribute to the formation of the glial scar, but few of the cells appear to become neurons; and (iii) the vasculature plays a hitherto unrecognized role as a source of proliferating cells after stroke. Because capillary-derived cells help to form the glial scar, elucidating the molecular basis of this phenomenon and its acceleration in the aging brain could yield novel approaches to enhancing neurorestoration in the elderly.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Anatomic, Biophysics, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiovascular, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Coronary Angiography, Humans, Minimally Invasive, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Surgical Procedures, 16472121}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16472121}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @CONFERENCE{wallraven99dreconstruction, author = {Christian Wallraven and Volker Blanz and Thomas Vetter}, title = {3D-Reconstruction of Faces: Combining Stereo with Class-Based Knowledge}, booktitle = {{DAGM}-Symposium}, year = {1999}, pages = {405-412}, url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/wallraven99dreconstruction.html}, } @ARTICLE{Walsum2005, author = {Theo van Walsum and Shirley A M Baert and Wiro J Niessen}, title = {{G}uide wire reconstruction and visualization in 3{DRA} using monoplane fluoroscopic imaging.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Med Imaging}, year = {2005}, volume = {24}, pages = {612--623}, number = {5}, month = {May}, abstract = {A method has been developed that, based on the guide wire position in monoplane fluoroscopic images, visualizes the approximate guide wire position in the three-dimensional (3-D) vasculature, that is obtained prior to the intervention with 3-D rotational X-ray angiography (3DRA). The method assumes the position of the guide wire in the fluoroscopic images is known. A two-dimensional feature image is determined from the 3DRA data. In this feature image, the guide wire position is determined in a two-step approach: a mincost algorithm is used to determine a suitable position for the guide wire, and subsequently a snake optimization technique is applied to move the guide wire to a better position. The resulting guide wire can then be visualized in 3-D in combination with the 3DRA dataset. The reconstruction accuracy of the method has been evaluated using a 3DRA image of a vascular phantom filled with contrast, and monoplane fluoroscopic images of the same phantom without contrast and with a guide wire inserted. The evaluation has been performed for different projection angles, and with different parameters for the method. The final result does not appear to be very sensitive to the parameters of the method. The average mean error of the estimated 3-D guide wire position is 1.5 mm, and the average tip distance is 2.3 mm. The effect of inaccurate C-arm geometry information is also investigated. Small errors in geometry information (up to 1 degrees) will slightly decrease the 3-D reconstruction accuracies, with an error of at most 1 mm. The feasibility of this approach on clinical data is demonstrated.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Artifici, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Brain, Brain Mapping, Catheterization, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Feasibility Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Kinetics, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Models, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Positr, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Statistical, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Distribution, User-Computer Interface, al Intelligence, on-Emission Tomography, 15889549}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15889549}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Wang2006, author = {D. A. Wang and A. Faraci and F. Bello and A. Darzi}, title = {{S}imulating tele-manipulator controlled tool-tissue interactions using a nonlinear {FEM} deformable model.}, journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}, year = {2006}, volume = {119}, pages = {565--567}, abstract = {Enhanced visualization of an operating scene presented by a robotically assisted tele-manipulator system such as the da Vinci(TM) can be provided through the use of augmented reality facilities. Generating overlays from 3D models and the intra-operative video allows the surgeon to acquire greater information about the surgical scene. Tool-tissue interactions must be tracked to ensure the overlays are updated regularly and accurately. The work presented here describes how these interactions may be modelled by integrating a nonlinear finite element model with the 3D reconstruction and using the tool kinematic data as input to the deformation.}, keywords = {Anatomic, Animals, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Connective Tissue, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Imaging, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, N.I.H., Non-Sedating, Penis, Research Support, Robotics, Three-Dimensional, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Video-Assisted Surgery, 16404122}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16404122}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Watanabe2005, author = {Tomonari Watanabe and Jim S Hanan and Peter M Room and Toshihiro Hasegawa and Hiroshi Nakagawa and Wataru Takahashi}, title = {{R}ice morphogenesis and plant architecture: measurement, specification and the reconstruction of structural development by 3{D} architectural modelling.}, journal = {Ann Bot (Lond)}, year = {2005}, volume = {95}, pages = {1131--1143}, number = {7}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The morphogenesis and architecture of a rice plant, Oryza sativa, are critical factors in the yield equation, but they are not well studied because of the lack of appropriate tools for 3D measurement. The architecture of rice plants is characterized by a large number of tillers and leaves. The aims of this study were to specify rice plant architecture and to find appropriate functions to represent the 3D growth across all growth stages. METHODS: A japonica type rice, 'Namaga', was grown in pots under outdoor conditions. A 3D digitizer was used to measure the rice plant structure at intervals from the young seedling stage to maturity. The L-system formalism was applied to create '3D virtual rice' plants, incorporating models of phenological development and leaf emergence period as a function of temperature and photoperiod, which were used to determine the timing of tiller emergence. KEY RESULTS: The relationships between the nodal positions and leaf lengths, leaf angles and tiller angles were analysed and used to determine growth functions for the models. The '3D virtual rice' reproduces the structural development of isolated plants and provides a good estimation of the tillering process, and of the accumulation of leaves. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the '3D virtual rice' has a possibility to demonstrate the differences in the structure and development between cultivars and under different environmental conditions. Future work, necessary to reflect both cultivar and environmental effects on the model performance, and to link with physiological models, is proposed in the discussion.}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mci136}, keywords = {, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Biomechanics, Bone Substitutes, Cadaver, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Contrast Media, Durapatite, Equipment Failure Analysis, Face, Female, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lighting, Linear Models, Male, Metals, Models, Movement, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Oryza sativa, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15820987}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {mci136}, pmid = {15820987}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci136}, } @ARTICLE{Wawrzynek2005, author = {Wojciech Wawrzynek and Anna Siemianowicz and Bogdan Koczy and Sabina Kasprowska and Krzysztof Besler}, title = {[{U}sefulness of computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstructions in visualization of cervical spine malformation of a child with {S}prengel's deformity]}, journal = {Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol}, year = {2005}, volume = {70}, pages = {131--133}, number = {2}, abstract = {The Sprengel's deformity is a congenital anomaly of the shoulder girdle with an elevation of the scapula and limitation of movement of the shoulder. Sprengel's deformity is frequently associated with cervical spine malformations such as: spinal synostosis, spina bifida and an abnormal omovertebral fibrous, cartilaginous or osseus connection. The diagnosis of Sprengel's deformity is based on a clinical examination and radiological procedures. In every case of Sprengel's deformity plain radiography and computed tomography should be performed. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions allow to visualize precise topography and spatial proportions of examined bone structures. 3D reconstruction also enables an optional rotation of visualized bone structures in order to clarify the anatomical abnormalities and to plan surgical treatment.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Atomic Force, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Cervical Vertebrae, Child, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Image Processing, Infant, Male, Meniere's Disease, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Protein Conformation, Receptors, Scapula, Scoliosis, Solutions, Thoracic Vertebrae, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16158872}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16158872}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @CONFERENCE{Wei2004, author = {Wei Jiang; Sugimoto, S.; Okutomi, M.;}, title = {Omnidirectional 3D reconstruction using stereo multi-perspective panoramas}, booktitle = {SICE 2004 Annual Conference Volume 2, 4-6 Aug. 2004 Page(s):1128 - 1133 vol. 2}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Weiss2006, author = {H-R. Weiss and R. Dallmayer and D. Gallo}, title = {{S}agittal counter forces ({SCF}) in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: a preliminary report.}, journal = {Pediatr Rehabil}, year = {2006}, volume = {9}, pages = {24--30}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS), reduced thoracic kyphosis and reduced lumbar lordosis frequently occur in correlation with the lateral spinal curvature. Normalization of the sagittal profile and hyper-correction of the deviation in frontal and coronal plane are the main issues of the latest concept of bracing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of of sagittal counter forces (SCF) on the scoliotic deformity. STUDY DESIGN: A case series of four patients with IS treated with two braces designed to improve the sagittal profile (Rigo-System-Chêneau-brace and with a sagittal counter force brace, SCF-brace). METHODS: The short-term effect (30 min) of both braces was evaluated using surface topography (Formetric surface topography system, Diers International, Wiesbaden). RESULTS: One patient (Cobb angle 92 degrees ) showed no short-term correction in the frontal and coronal planes; others (Cobb angles between 39 and 48 degrees ) exhibited valuable correction in frontal and coronal planes. There was no short-term correction in the sagittal plane for either brace. CONCLUSION: The application of sagittal counter forces (SCF) seems to have similar short-term effects as 3D correction and should be addressed more in future concepts of scoliosis bracing.}, doi = {10.1080/13638490500038126}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Braces, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Child, Comparative Study, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Male, Meniere's Disease, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Scoliosis, Thoracic Vertebrae, Treatment Outcome, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, 16352502}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {H9628L5031716104}, pmid = {16352502}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13638490500038126}, } @ARTICLE{Wiesent2000, author = {Wiesent, K.; Barth, K.; Navab, N.; Durlak, P.; Brunner, T.; Schuetz, O.; Seissler, W.;}, title = {Enhanced 3-D-reconstruction algorithm for C-arm systems suitable for interventional procedures}, journal = {Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2000}, volume = {19}, pages = {391 - 403}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Wilczkowiak2005, author = {Marta Wilczkowiak and Peter Sturm and Edmond Boyer}, title = {{U}sing geometric constraints through parallelepipeds for calibration and 3{D} modeling.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell}, year = {2005}, volume = {27}, pages = {194--207}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {This paper concerns the incorporation of geometric information in camera calibration and 3D modeling. Using geometric constraints enables more stable results and allows us to perform tasks with fewer images. Our approach is motivated and developed within a framework of semi-automatic 3D modeling, where the user defines geometric primitives and constraints between them. It is based on the observation that constraints, such as coplanarity, parallelism, or orthogonality, are often embedded intuitively in parallelepipeds. Moreover, parallelepipeds are easy to delineate by a user and are well adapted to model the main structure of, e.g., architectural scenes. In this paper, first a duality that exists between the shape parameters of a parallelepiped and the intrinsic parameters of a camera is described. Then, a factorization-based algorithm exploiting this relation is developed. Using images of parallelepipeds, it allows us to simultaneously calibrate cameras, recover shapes of parallelepipeds, and estimate the relative pose of all entities. Besides geometric constraints expressed via parallelepipeds, our approach simultaneously takes into account the usual self-calibration constraints on cameras. The proposed algorithm is completed by a study of the singular cases of the calibration method. A complete method for the reconstruction of scene primitives that are not modeled by parallelepipeds is also briefly described. The proposed methods are validated by various experiments with real and simulated data, for single-view as well as multiview cases.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Entorhinal Cortex, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Movement, Myocardium, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurofilament Proteins, Neurological, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Sinoatrial Node, Skin Neoplasms, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Theoretical, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, 15688557}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15688557}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Willingham2006, author = {Emily Willingham and Koray Agras and Marcelo Vilela and Laurence S Baskin}, title = {{L}oratadine exerts estrogen-like effects and disrupts penile development in the mouse.}, journal = {J Urol}, year = {2006}, volume = {175}, pages = {723--726}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Hypospadias is a developmental anomaly of the penis and urethra that can be steroid mediated. It is characterized by a urethral opening occurring below the normal location at the tip of the penis. The link between loratadine, the active ingredient in a common over-the-counter antihistamine, and hypospadias, the most common congenital abnormality, has been the subject of controversy. We examined the effect of in utero exposure to an over-the-counter loratadine syrup on urethral development, and expression of androgen and estrogen receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We orally gavaged pregnant dams with the equivalent of a daily dose of loratadine syrup, with 3 times that dose or with a corn oil gavage control from GD 12 through GD 17. Using gross and histological assessment and 3D reconstruction, we looked for urethral abnormalities in fetal GTs at E 19. We also used real-time quantitative PCR to characterize the expression levels of steroid receptor mRNA in the GT at E 19, a critical stage for completion of urethral and penile development in this species. RESULTS: Loratadine syrup disrupted normal urethral development in the mouse, based on gross morphology and histological assessment, and also disrupted steroid receptor expression, producing an expression profile similar to that resulting from in utero exposure to ethinyl estradiol. CONCLUSIONS: In utero exposure to over-the-counter loratadine syrup can result in hypospadias in this model, and creates changes in the steroid receptor mRNA expression profile similar to those elicited by a synthetic estrogen.}, doi = {10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00188-6}, keywords = {Animals, Extramural, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Loratadine, Male, Mice, N.I.H., Non-Sedating, Penis, Research Support, 16407038}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0022-5347(05)00188-6}, pmid = {16407038}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00188-6}, } @ARTICLE{Witter2005, author = {Kirsti Witter and Hervé Lesot and Miroslav Peterka and Jean-Luc Vonesch and Ivan Mísek and Renata Peterková}, title = {{O}rigin and developmental fate of vestigial tooth primordia in the upper diastema of the field vole ({M}icrotus agrestis, {R}odentia).}, journal = {Arch Oral Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {50}, pages = {401--409}, number = {4}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Odontogenesis in voles is a convenient model to test hypotheses on tooth development generated from investigations in the mouse. Similar to other rodents, the functional dentition of the vole includes a toothless diastema. At its mesial end, a vestigial tooth bud has been found in the upper jaw of vole embryos. The aim of this study was to analyse the developmental dynamics of vestigial tooth structures in the upper diastema of the field vole and to compare it with the situation in the mouse. DESIGN: The development of odontogenic structures in the upper diastema of the field vole was investigated using serial histological sections and three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided reconstruction. RESULTS: A transient continuous dental lamina in the upper diastema of the field vole extended mesially to the first molar primordium, but was not continuous with the dental lamina in the incisor region. At its mesial limit, a large vestigial tooth primordium was regularly present. A further distinct vestigial bud was located mesially to the first molar primordium. The segmentation of the dental lamina suggested a potential to give rise to further vestiges in the upper diastema of the vole. CONCLUSIONS: In the prospective diastema of the vole exists as in the mouse a continuous dental lamina. Beside the prominent vestigial tooth bud in the mesial diastema, a further large bud was transiently located in front of the molars. The incorporation of dental epithelium into the first upper molar (M(1)) primordium in the vole differs from that in the mouse.}, doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.10.003}, keywords = {Animals, Arvicolinae, Bacteriophage mu, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, DNA Transposable Elements, Diastema, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Epithelium, Gestational Age, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Kidney, Microscopy, Molar, Non-U.S. Gov't, Odontogenesis, Protein Structure, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Spleen, Tertiary, Three-Dimensional, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Visible Human Project, 15748693}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0003-9969(04)00239-0}, pmid = {15748693}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.10.003}, } @ARTICLE{Wojtkowski2005, author = {Maciej Wojtkowski and Vivek Srinivasan and James G Fujimoto and Tony Ko and Joel S Schuman and Andrzej Kowalczyk and Jay S Duker}, title = {{T}hree-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.}, journal = {Ophthalmology}, year = {2005}, volume = {112}, pages = {1734--1746}, number = {10}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To demonstrate high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution, 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D OCT) and new protocols for retinal imaging. METHODS: Ultrahigh-resolution OCT using broadband light sources achieves axial image resolutions of approximately 2 microm compared with standard 10-microm-resolution OCT current commercial instruments. High-speed OCT using spectral/Fourier domain detection enables dramatic increases in imaging speeds. Three-dimensional OCT retinal imaging is performed in normal human subjects using high-speed ultrahigh-resolution OCT. Three-dimensional OCT data of the macula and optic disc are acquired using a dense raster scan pattern. New processing and display methods for generating virtual OCT fundus images; cross-sectional OCT images with arbitrary orientations; quantitative maps of retinal, nerve fiber layer, and other intraretinal layer thicknesses; and optic nerve head topographic parameters are demonstrated. RESULTS: Three-dimensional OCT imaging enables new imaging protocols that improve visualization and mapping of retinal microstructure. An OCT fundus image can be generated directly from the 3D OCT data, which enables precise and repeatable registration of cross-sectional OCT images and thickness maps with fundus features. Optical coherence tomography images with arbitrary orientations, such as circumpapillary scans, can be generated from 3D OCT data. Mapping of total retinal thickness and thicknesses of the nerve fiber layer, photoreceptor layer, and other intraretinal layers is demonstrated. Measurement of optic nerve head topography and disc parameters is also possible. Three-dimensional OCT enables measurements that are similar to those of standard instruments, including the StratusOCT, GDx, HRT, and RTA. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional OCT imaging can be performed using high-speed ultrahigh-resolution OCT. Three-dimensional OCT provides comprehensive visualization and mapping of retinal microstructures. The high data acquisition speeds enable high-density data sets with large numbers of transverse positions on the retina, which reduces the possibility of missing focal pathologies. In addition to providing image information such as OCT cross-sectional images, OCT fundus images, and 3D rendering, quantitative measurement and mapping of intraretinal layer thickness and topographic features of the optic disc are possible. We hope that 3D OCT imaging may help to elucidate the structural changes associated with retinal disease as well as improve early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.05.023}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anatomy, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Atomic Force, Braces, Calcium Channels, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Child, Chitosan, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Cross-Sectional, Cultured, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Endothelial Cells, English Abstract, Extracellular Matrix, Extramural, Female, Fourier Analysis, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Infant, Male, Meniere's Disease, Microscopy, Middle Aged, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nystagmus, Optic Disk, Optical Coherence, Optokinetic, P.H.S., Photoreceptors, Polyesters, Protein Conformation, Receptors, Research Support, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Scapula, Scoliosis, Solutions, Thoracic Vertebrae, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Umbilical Veins, Vertebrate, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, Water, X-Ray Computed, 16140383}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0161-6420(05)00816-X}, pmid = {16140383}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.05.023}, } @CONFERENCE{Wolf2001, author = {Wolf, L.; Shashua, A.;}, title = {Affine 3-D reconstruction from two projective images of independently translating planes}, booktitle = {Computer Vision, 2001. ICCV 2001. Proceedings. Eighth IEEE International Conference on Volume 2, 7-14 July 2001 Page(s):238 - 244 vol.2}, year = {2001}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Wolthaus2005, author = {J. W H Wolthaus and M. van Herk and S. H. Muller and J. S A Belderbos and J. V. Lebesque and J. A. de Bois and M. M G Rossi and E. M F Damen}, title = {{F}usion of respiration-correlated {PET} and {CT} scans: correlated lung tumour motion in anatomical and functional scans.}, journal = {Phys Med Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {50}, pages = {1569--1583}, number = {7}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Lower lobe lung tumours in particular can move up to 2 cm in the cranio-caudal direction during the respiration cycle. This breathing motion causes image artefacts in conventional free-breathing computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, rendering delineation of structures for radiotherapy inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for four-dimensional (4D) respiration-correlated (RC) acquisition of both CT and PET scans and to develop a framework to fuse these modalities. The breathing signal was acquired using a thermometer in the breathing airflow of the patient. Using this breathing signal, the acquired CT and PET data were grouped to the corresponding respiratory phases, thereby obtaining 4D CT and PET scans. Tumour motion curves were assessed in both image modalities. From these tumour motion curves, the deviation with respect to the mean tumour position was calculated for each phase. The absolute position of the centre of the tumour, relative to the bony anatomy, in the RCCT and gated PET scans was determined. This 4D acquisition and 4D fusion methodology was performed for five patients with lower lobe tumours. The peak-to-peak amplitude range in this sample group was 1-2 cm. The 3D tumour motion curve differed less than 1 mm between PET and CT for all phases. The mean difference in amplitude was less than 1 mm. The position of the centre of the tumour (relative to the bony anatomy) in the RCCT and gated PET scan was similar (difference <1 mm) when no atelectasis was present. Based on these results, we conclude that the method described in this study allows for accurate quantification of tumour motion in CT and PET scans and yields accurate respiration-correlated 4D anatomical and functional information on the tumour region.}, doi = {/7/017}, keywords = {-Dimensional, Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Angiography, Animals, Antigens, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Basilar Artery, Biological, Bioreactors, Bladder Neoplasms, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Bone Screws, CD34, Calibration, Cardiology, Carotid Body Tumor, Carotid Stenosis, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Child, Chorionic Villi Sampling, Com, Comparative Study, Complete, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Computer-Assisted Instruction, Conformal, Contrast Media, Cultured, Cystoscopy, Data Display, Dental Models, Dental Porcelain, Denture, Denture Design, Diagnostic Imaging, Diuretics, Dose-Response Relationship, Down Syndrome, Echocardiography, Education, Embolization, Endothelium, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Facial Bones, False Positive Reactions, Feasibility Studies, Female, Fetal Blood, Fluoroscopy, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Furosemide, Glomus Jugulare Tumor, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Internal, Intracranial Aneurysm, Intraoperative, Karyotyping, Kidney Calculi, Lasers, Leukocytes, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lung Neoplasms, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Maxilla, Maxillofacial Development, Medical, Middle Aged, Mo, Models, Moire Topography, Monitoring, Monozygotic, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nasal Bone, Nephrostomy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nuchal Translucency Measurement, Numerical Analysis, P.H.S., Paraganglioma, Patient Care Planning, Pattern Recognition, Percutaneous, Periodontal Diseases, Phantoms, Phenotype, Photometry, Pilot Projects, Positron-Emission Tomography, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Prenatal, Radiation, Radiation Dosage, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiography, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Reproducibility of Results, Research Supp, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Rotation, Second, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spondylolisthesis, Statistical, Statistics, Stochastic Processes, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Swine, Therapeutic, Thoracic, Three, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Twins, U.S. Gov't, Ultrasonography, Umbilical Cord, Undergraduate, Ureteral Neoplasms, Ureteroscopy, User-Computer Interface, Vascular, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Weightlessness Simulation, Whole-Body Counting, X-Ray Computed, nonuclear, ort, parative Study, 15798344}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0031-9155(05)89617-4}, pmid = {15798344}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org//7/017}, } @ARTICLE{Worp2002, author = {Eef van der Worp and John de Brabander and Ben Lubberman and Gildas Marin and Fred Hendrikse}, title = {{O}ptimising {RGP} lens fitting in normal eyes using 3{D} topographic data.}, journal = {Cont Lens Anterior Eye}, year = {2002}, volume = {25}, pages = {95--99}, number = {2}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To analyse, retrospectively, the effect of fitting characteristics on comfort of wear and the role that 3D topographic data can play in attaining an optimal lens fit with rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses in normal eyes. METHODS: Included were 60 normal myopic eyes (1.00-5.00 D) with astigmatism limited to 2.00 D. Lenses were ordered empirically, based on traditional fitting rules. RESULTS: The initial fit based on traditional computation was accepted in 40\% of the eyes. To achieve an acceptable fit, 15\% of the eyes needed an adaptation of the back optic zone radius, in 28\% switching from a multicurve to an aspheric lens design was indicated and in 17\% a non-rotational symmetric lens design was favoured. The reason for changing the lens parameters could in 88\% be attributed to mid-peripheral differences between corneal shape as found with 3D corneal topography. Average comfort of wear improved statistically significantly (chi(2), P<0.05) from 5.2 initially to 7.7 after 3 months in the group with optimal lens fits, while comfort slightly decreased (not significant) in the group with sub-optimal fits. Switching to a non-rotational symmetric lens design, when indicated, improved comfort significantly (chi(2), P<0.05) from 5.0 to 7.3. CONCLUSION: In normal eyes, the measurement of corneal shape, especially in the mid-peripheral regions, is of importance to optimise RGP lens fit. Optimised lens fits increases comfort of wear.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Braces, Caloric Tests, Case-Control Studies, Child, Comparative Study, English Abstract, Female, Gentamicins, Head, Humans, Male, Meniere's Disease, Middle Aged, Nystagmus, Optokinetic, Scoliosis, Thoracic Vertebrae, Treatment Outcome, Vestibular Diseases, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibule, Vibration, Video Recording, 16303483}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S1367-0484(02)00006-1}, pmid = {16303483}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, } @ARTICLE{Xia2005, author = {Delin Xia and Lai Gui and Zhiyong Zhang and Changsheng Lu and Feng Niu and Ji Jin and Xiaoqing Liu}, title = {[{F}abrication of 3-dimensional skull model with rapid prototyping technique and its primary application in repairing one case of craniomaxillofacial trauma]}, journal = {Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi}, year = {2005}, volume = {19}, pages = {811--814}, number = {10}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of establishing 3-dimensional skull model using electron beam CT (EBCT) data rapid prototyping technique, and to discuss its application in repairing crainomaxillofacial trauma. METHODS: The data were obtained by EBCT continuous volumetric scanning with 1.0 mm slice at thickness. The data were transferred to work-station for 3-dimensional surface reconstruction by computer-aided design software and the images were saved as STL file. The data can be used to control a laser rapid-prototyping device (AFS-320QZ) to construct geometric model. The material for the model construction is a kind of laser-sensitive resin power, which will become a mass when scanned by laser beam. The design and simulation of operation can be done on the model. The image data were transferred to the device slice by slice. Thus a geometric model is constructed according to the image data by repeating this process. Preoperative analysis, surgery simulation and implant of bone defect could be done on this computer-aided manufactured 3D model. One case of craniomaxillofacial bone defect resulting from trauma was reconstructed with this method. The EBCT scanning showed that the defect area was 4 cm x 6 cm. The nose was flat and deviated to left. RESULTS: The 3-dimensional skull was reconstructed with EBCT data and rapid prototyping technique. The model can display the structure of 3-dimenstional anatomy and their relationship. The prefabricated implant by 3-dimensional model was well-matched with defect. The deformities of flat and deviated nose were corrected. The clinical result was satisfactory after a follow-up of 17 months. CONCLUSION: The 3-dimensional model of skull can replicate the prototype of disease and play an important role in the diagnosis and simulation of operation for repairing craniomaxillofacial trauma.}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Bermuda, Biological, Blood Volume, Bronchi, Bronchoscopy, Catheterization, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Coronary Vessels, Digestive System, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Gastropoda, Genitalia, Greece, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nervous System, Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Peripheral, Phantoms, Programming Languages, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Robotics, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Trachea, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16274131}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16274131}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Xiao2005, author = {Yi Jun Xiao and Y. F. Li}, title = {{O}ptimized stereo reconstruction of free-form space curves based on a nonuniform rational {B}-spline model.}, journal = {J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis}, year = {2005}, volume = {22}, pages = {1746--1762}, number = {9}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {Analytical reconstruction of 3D curves from their stereo images is an important issue in computer vision. We present an optimization framework for such a problem based on a nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve model that converts reconstruction of a 3D curve into reconstruction of control points and weights of a NURBS representation of the curve, accordingly bypassing the error-prone point-to-point correspondence matching. Perspective invariance of NURBS curves and constraints deduced on stereo NURBS curves are employed to formulate the 3D curve reconstruction problem into a constrained nonlinear optimization. A parallel rectification technique is then adopted to simplify the constraints, and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied to search for the optimal solution of the simplified problem. The results from our experiments show that the proposed framework works stably in the presence of different data samplings, randomly posed noise, and partial loss of data and is potentially suitable for real scenes.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Blood Vessels, Cardiovascular System, Computer Simulatio, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Dental Models, Fluorescence, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Information Storage and Retrieval, Microscopy, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Photogrammetry, Research Support, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, Zebrafish, n, 16211801}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16211801}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Xiaoguang2006, author = {Xiaoguang Lu; Jain, A.K.; Colbry, D.;}, title = {Matching 2.5D face scans to 3D models}, journal = {Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2006}, volume = {28}, pages = {31 - 43}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Xu2006, author = {J. Xu and O. Chutatape and C. Zheng and P. C T Kuan}, title = {{T}hree dimensional optic disc visualisation from stereo images via dual registration and ocular media optical correction.}, journal = {Br J Ophthalmol}, year = {2006}, volume = {90}, pages = {181--185}, number = {2}, month = {Feb}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: The three dimensional (3-D) visualisation of the optic disc in true colour will give essential meaning in clinical application. It is not only useful for clinicians in the evaluation of the condition of the optic disc, but it also simplifies the pathological diagnosis and disease progression monitoring. This paper describes a complete 3-D optic disc reconstruction method from a pair of stereo images by a series of robust procedures including camera calibration, image registration, depth recovery, and ocular media optical inclusion. METHODS: Two registration techniques (correlation and feature based methods) are combined together to prune the uncertain matching points in order to improve the overall accuracy of registration. The ocular media within the eyeball are lump modelled as a single lens and integrated into the reconstruction process to obtain an accurate 3-D optic disc image. CONCLUSION: The recovered 3-D optic disc images show good consistency and compatibility when compared with the results from Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) under clinical validation, with an additional advantage of implementing a more economical and conventional mode of retinal image acquisition.}, doi = {10.1136/bjo.2005.082313}, keywords = {Algorithms, Aortic Rupture, Biol, Calibration, Crystalline, Diagnostic Techniques, Humans, Imaging, Lens, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Models, Nonpenetrating, Ophthalmological, Optic Disk, Photogrammetry, Photography, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Wounds, X-Ray Computed, ogical, 16424530}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {90/2/181}, pmid = {16424530}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2005.082313}, } @CONFERENCE{Xu2005, author = {Xu, J.; Chutatape, O.;}, title = {3-D Optic Disk Reconstruction Via Combined Registration and Inclusion of Eye Optical Effects}, booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the 01-04 Sept. 2005 Page(s):3284 - 3287}, year = {2005}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @CONFERENCE{Xu2004, author = {Xu, J.; Chutatape, O.;}, title = {3-D optic disk reconstruction from low-resolution stereo images based on combined registrations and sub-pixel matching}, booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004. EMBC 2004. Conference Proceedings. 26th Annual International Conference of the Volume 1, 2004 Page(s):1825 - 1828 Vol.3}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Xu1999, author = {Y. M. Xu and Q. Yu}, title = {[{D}iagnosis of skull base dieases using three dimensional computed tomography]}, journal = {Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue}, year = {1999}, volume = {8}, pages = {153--155}, number = {3}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE:To explore the value of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) to diseases of the skull base.METHODS:Twenty-five cases with various skull base diseases were examined with 3D CT.All cases received surface shaded display (SSD) method for reconstruction and analysis of 3D reconstruction images in showing the change of skull base bones.RESULTS:In 4 cases with skull base fractures,3D CT demonstrated the fracture lines which were not showed by skull plain films,and provided more informations than those in axial scans.In 15 cases with skull base diseases and 6 cases with trigeminal neuralgia,3D CT helped plan the preoperative approach or the postoperative follow up evaluation,treatment. CONCLUSION:3D CT which based on two dimensional CT scan was very useful for skull baseimaging.}, keywords = {80 and over, Abdominal, Aged, Anastomosis, Aorta, Brachytherapy, Cholesteatoma, Comparative Study, Computer-Assisted, Durapatite, Female, Femoral Artery, Humans, Imaging, Iodine Radioisotopes, Laparoscopes, Male, Mastoid, Middle Aged, Palladium, Phantoms, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radioisotopes, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Regeneration, Robotics, Surgical, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Treatment Outcome, Vascular Patency, X-Ray Computed, 15048246}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {743}, pmid = {15048246}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Yamaya2005, author = {Taiga Yamaya and Naoki Hagiwara and Takashi Obi and Masahiro Yamaguchi and Nagaaki Ohyama and Keishi Kitamura and Tomoyuki Hasegawa and Hideaki Haneishi and Eiji Yoshida and Naoko Inadama and Hideo Murayama}, title = {{T}ransaxial system models for j{PET}-{D}4 image reconstruction.}, journal = {Phys Med Biol}, year = {2005}, volume = {50}, pages = {5339--5355}, number = {22}, month = {Nov}, abstract = {A high-performance brain PET scanner, jPET-D4, which provides four-layer depth-of-interaction (DOI) information, is being developed to achieve not only high spatial resolution, but also high scanner sensitivity. One technical issue to be dealt with is the data dimensions which increase in proportion to the square of the number of DOI layers. It is, therefore, difficult to apply algebraic or statistical image reconstruction methods directly to DOI-PET, though they improve image quality through accurate system modelling. The process that requires the most computational time and storage space is the calculation of the huge number of system matrix elements. The DOI compression (DOIC) method, which we have previously proposed, reduces data dimensions by a factor of 1/5. In this paper, we propose a transaxial imaging system model optimized for jPET-D4 with the DOIC method. The proposed model assumes that detector response functions (DRFs) are uniform along line-of-responses (LORs). Then each element of the system matrix is calculated as the summed intersection lengths between a pixel and sub-LORs weighted by a value from the DRF look-up-table. 2D numerical simulation results showed that the proposed model cut the calculation time by a factor of several hundred while keeping image quality, compared with the accurate system model. A 3D image reconstruction with the on-the-fly calculation of the system matrix is within the practical limitations by incorporating the proposed model and the DOIC method with one-pass accelerated iterative methods.}, doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/50/22/009}, keywords = {Adenosine, Adult, Algorithms, Anatomic, Animals, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Bermuda, Biological, Blood Volume, Brain, Breast Neoplasms, Bronchi, Bronchoscopy, Catheterization, Clitoris, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Stenosis, Coronary Vessels, Digestive System, Echocardiography, Extramural, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorocarbons, Gastropoda, Genitalia, Greece, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Hyaenidae, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Information Storage and Retrieval, Loratadine, Male, Mice, Models, Monte Carlo Method, Motion, Movement, N.I.H., Nervous System, Non-P.H.S., Non-Sedating, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Penis, Peripheral, Phantoms, Poisson Distribution, Positron-Emission Tomography, Programming Languages, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Rabbits, Radiation, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Research Support, Respiration, Respiratory Mechanics, Robotics, Scattering, Software, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Subtraction Technique, Swine, Theoretical, Three-Dimensi, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Tomography, Trachea, U.S. Gov't, Urogenital Surgical Procedures, User-Computer Interface, Ventricular Pressure, Video-Assisted Surgery, X-Ray Computed, onal, 16264257}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0031-9155(05)97379-X}, pmid = {16264257}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/22/009}, } @ARTICLE{Yarnykh2004, author = {Vasily L Yarnykh and Chun Yuan}, title = {{C}ross-relaxation imaging reveals detailed anatomy of white matter fiber tracts in the human brain.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, year = {2004}, volume = {23}, pages = {409--424}, number = {1}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {Cross-relaxation imaging is a new quantitative MRI modality, which allows mapping of fundamental parameters determining the magnetization transfer (MT) effect in tissues, cross-relaxation rate constant (k) and bound pool fraction (f). This study introduces a new time-efficient technique for cross-relaxation imaging, which obtains three-dimensional (3D) whole-brain k and f maps with scan time of <30 min and isotropic spatial resolution of 1.4 mm. The technical principle of the method is based on four-point fit of a matrix model of pulsed MT to imaging data obtained with variable offset frequency saturation while using a complimentary R1 (=1 / T1) map. Anatomical correlations of in vivo cross-relaxation parametric maps were evaluated in three healthy subjects. The f maps revealed correspondence of areas with highly elevated f = 12-15\% to major fiber tracts such as corpus callosum, anterior commissure, optic radiations, and major brain fasciculi. The rest of white matter (WM) demonstrated lower f = 9-11\%, resulting in clear visual contrast of fiber tracts. Even lower f = 6.5-8.5\% were found in gray matter (GM) with the highest f = 8.5\% in the anterior thalamus. Distribution of k was relatively uniform in WM and produced sharp contrast between GM and WM (k = 1.6 and 3.3 s(-1), respectively). The most marked feature of k maps was their ability to visualize the corticospinal tract, which had elevated k = 3.4-3.8 s(-1) but appeared invisible on f maps. The observed patterns on f maps can be explained by variations in the density of myelinated fibers, while the trends of k may reflect regional differences in axonal organization. Cross-relaxation imaging can be used in various clinical studies focused on brain development and white matter diseases.}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.029}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Axons, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cattle, Cerebral, Computer-Assisted, Dominance, Humans, Image Processing, Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mathematical Computing, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelinated, Nerve Fibers, Pyramidal Tracts, Reference Values, Three-Dimensional, 15325389}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S105381190400237X}, pmid = {15325389}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.029}, } @ARTICLE{Yasumoto2006, author = {Masanori Yasumoto and Masataka Deie and Toru Sunagawa and Nobuo Adachi and Kenji Kobayashi and Mitsuo Ochi}, title = {{P}redictive value of preoperative 3-dimensional computer tomography measurement of semitendinosus tendon harvested for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.}, journal = {Arthroscopy}, year = {2006}, volume = {22}, pages = {259--264}, number = {3}, month = {Mar}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative measurement of the semitendinosus tendon (ST) by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT), before using ST as the substitute in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study to compare anatomic findings with clinical findings. METHODS: The study involved 28 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using autogenous ST graft. Preoperative 3-D CT images of ST were obtained with a multidetector-row CT scanner, and rendered qualitatively by the volume-rendering technique. The length and cross-sectional area of ST measured with 3-D CT were compared with the length of the harvested ST and the cross-sectional area of the grafted quadrupled tendon. RESULTS: The total length of ST measured with 3-D CT ranged from 220.3 to 285.4 mm, with a mean (+/- SD) of 248.0 +/- 17.1 mm, and that measured at surgery ranged from 230.0 to 290.0 mm, with a mean of 257.1 +/- 16.5 mm. These 2 values showed a close positive correlation (gamma = 0.634, P = .002). The cross-sectional area of ST measured with 3-D CT ranged from 4.29 to 18.5 mm2 with a mean of 11.9 +/- 4.6 mm2, and that of the substitute measured at surgery ranged from 28.3 to 56.7 mm2 with a mean of 45.5 +/- 6.9 mm2). There was no significant correlation between the areas of ST measured by CT and the areas of ST measured during surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative 3-D CT imaging predicts the length of ST. These findings support the measurement of ST length by 3-D CT as a useful tool for planning ACL reconstructive surgery and for providing important preoperative information to patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study.}, doi = {10.1016/j.arthro.2005.12.018}, keywords = {16517308}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0749-8063(05)01673-7}, pmid = {16517308}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2005.12.018}, } @CONFERENCE{Yatagai2004, author = {Yatagai, T.; Sando, Y.; Itoh, M.;}, title = {Three-dimensional full-color display of real existing objects using computer-generated holograms}, booktitle = {Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2004. LEOS 2004. The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Volume 1, 7-11 Nov. 2004 Page(s):190 - 191 Vol.1 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LEOS.2004.1363175}, year = {2004}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Ying2005, author = {Ying Kin Yu; Kin Hong Wong; Chang, M.M.Y.;}, title = {Recursive three-dimensional model reconstruction based on Kalman filtering}, journal = {Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, IEEE Transactions}, year = {2005}, volume = {35}, pages = {587 - 592}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, } @ARTICLE{Yoneda2005, author = {Masahiro Yoneda and Hidetomi Terai and Yuuki Imai and Takao Okada and Kazutoshi Nozaki and Hikaru Inoue and Shimpei Miyamoto and Kunio Takaoka}, title = {{R}epair of an intercalated long bone defect with a synthetic biodegradable bone-inducing implant.}, journal = {Biomaterials}, year = {2005}, volume = {26}, pages = {5145--5152}, number = {25}, month = {Sep}, abstract = {Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 in a block copolymer composed of poly-D,L-lactic acid with randomly inserted p-dioxanone and polyethylene glycol (PLA-DX-PEG) as a carrier and porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) blocks were used to generate a new fully absorbable osteogenic biomaterial. The bone regenerability of the rhBMP-2/PLA-DX-PEG/beta-TCP composite was studied in a critical-sized rabbit bone defect model. In an initial study, a composite of PLA-DX-PEG (250 mg) and beta-TCP (300 mg) loaded with or without rhBMP2 (50 microg) was implanted into a 1.5 cm intercalated bone defect created in a rabbit femur. Defects were assessed by biweekly radiography until 8 weeks postoperatively. The bony union of the defect was recognized only in the BMP-loaded group. To obtain further data on biomechanical and remodeling properties, another BMP-loaded composites group was made and observed up to 24 weeks. All defects were completely repaired without residual traces of implants. Anatomical and mechanical properties of the repaired bone examined by histology, 3-dimensional CT (3D-CT) and mechanical testing were essentially equivalent to the nonoperated-on femur at 24 weeks. These experimental results indicate that fully absorbable rhBMP-2/PLA-DX-PEG/beta-TCP is a promising composite having osteogenicity efficient enough for repairing large bone defects.}, doi = {10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.054}, keywords = {, Regeneration, Absorbable Implants, Adult, Algorithms, Angiography, Animals, Arthroplasty, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biocompatible Materials, Biological, Biomechanics, Birds, Body Constitution, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Bone Substitutes, Bony Callus, Brain, Breast, Cadaver, Calcium Phosphates, Cardiovascular, Ce, Cell Survival, Cochlear Implants, Coin Lesion, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Assisted, Connective Tissue, Contrast Media, Densitometry, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Durapatite, Elasticity, Electric Impedance, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Face, Feasibility Studies, Female, Femoral Fractures, Femur, Finger Joint, Finite Element Analysis, Foot, Foot Bones, Fracture Healing, Guided Tissue, Hearing Loss, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretatio, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Impedance, Information Storage and Retrieval, Joint Instability, Lactates, Ligaments, Lighting, Linear Models, Magnetics, Male, Mathematics, Mechanical, Metals, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Orthopedic Procedures, Oryza sativa, Osteogenesis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Photography, Photometry, Plant Leaves, Plethysmography, Polydioxanone, Polyethylene Glycols, Posture, Pressure, Programming Languages, Prosthesis Failure, Pulmonary, Rabbits, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Range of Motion, Rats, Recombinant Proteins, Replacement, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Scoliosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Software, Spinal Cord, Spiral Computed, Spiral Ganglion, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Temporal Bone, Three-Dimensional, Tissue Engineering, Tomography, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Video Recording, Weight-Bearing, Wrist Joint, X-Ray, X-Ray Computed, ll Count, n, 15792541}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0142-9612(05)00103-1}, pmid = {15792541}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.054}, } @ARTICLE{Younis2002, author = {Waheed A Younis and Stergios Stergiopoulos and David Havelock and Julius Grodski}, title = {{N}ondestructive imaging of shallow buried objects using acoustic computed tomography.}, journal = {J Acoust Soc Am}, year = {2002}, volume = {111}, pages = {2117--2127}, number = {5 Pt 1}, month = {May}, abstract = {The nondestructive three-dimensional acoustic tomography concept of the present investigation combines computerized tomography image reconstruction algorithms using acoustic diffracting waves together with depth information to produce a three-dimensional (3D) image of an underground section. The approach illuminates the underground area of interest with acoustic plane waves of frequencies 200-3000 Hz. For each transmitted pulse, the reflected-refracted signals are received by a line array of acoustic sensors located at a diametrically opposite point from the acoustic source line array. For a stratified underground medium and for a given depth, which is represented by a time delay in the received signal, a horizontal tomographic 2D image is reconstructed from the received projections. Integration of the depth dependent sequence of cross-sectional reconstructed images provides a complete three-dimensional overview of the inspected terrain. The method has been tested with an experimental system that consists of a line array of four-acoustic sources, providing plane waves, and a receiving line array of 32-acoustic sensors. The results indicate both the potential and the challenges facing the new methodology. Suggestions are made for improved performance, including an adaptive noise cancellation scheme and a numerical interpolation technique.}, keywords = {Acoustics, Algorithms, Humans, Time Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 12051432}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {12051432}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Yu2005a, author = {Ying Kin Yu and Kin Hong Wong and Michael Ming Yuen Chang}, title = {{R}ecursive three-dimensional model reconstruction based on {K}alman filtering.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern}, year = {2005}, volume = {35}, pages = {587--592}, number = {3}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {A recursive two-step method to recover structure and motion from image sequences based on Kalman filtering is described in this paper. The algorithm consists of two major steps. The first step is an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the estimation of the object's pose. The second step is a set of EKFs, one for each model point, for the refinement of the positions of the model features in the three-dimensional (3-D) space. These two steps alternate from frame to frame. The initial model converges to the final structure as the image sequence is scanned sequentially. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with both synthetic data and real-world objects. Analytical and empirical comparisons are made among our approach, the interleaved bundle adjustment method, and the Kalman filtering-based recursive algorithm by Azarbayejani and Pentland. Our approach outperformed the other two algorithms in terms of computation speed without loss in the quality of model reconstruction.}, keywords = {80 and over, Acceleration, Aged, Algorithms, Ambulatory, Articular, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Biological, Brain, Brain Diseases, Breast, Cadaver, Cluster Analysis, Comparative Study, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, English Abstract, Epilepsy, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extramural, Feasibility Studies, Feedback, Female, Gait, Head, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Immobilization, Information Storage and Retrieval, Ligaments, Lighting, Lunate Bone, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Monitoring, Movement, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Numerical Analysis, Optical Coherence, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Physical Examination, Posture, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Refractometry, Reproducibility o, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Skull, Software, Statistical, Stereotaxic Techniques, Subtraction Technique, Surgery, Systems Theory, Three-Dimensional, Tomography, Transducers, U.S. Gov't, X-Ray Computed, f Results, 15971927}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15971927}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Yu2005, author = {Yun-Qin Yu and Hu Peng and Bo Yu and Wen-Xiang Zhan and Ansheng Yu}, title = {[{T}hree-dimensional reconstruction research on {M}ingmen ({GV} 4)]}, journal = {Zhongguo Zhen Jiu}, year = {2005}, volume = {25}, pages = {411--413}, number = {6}, month = {Jun}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To show the space structures of Mingmen (GV 4) area and its adjacent tissues. METHODS: A frozen female corpse was cut into about 0.5 mm thick sections with a high-speed steel plane machine and photographed with digital and optical camera. Two 2-D transverse phase picture data sets were obtained and then were sequenced, matched, modified and divided. The 3-D reconstruction software was used to reconstruct the outline form of the lumbar part containing Mingmen (GV 4) to attain transverse phase picture data sets (3 022 sheets, 0.57 mm in thickness). The sagittal, coronal and different oblique plane were cut and the tissue structures in these pictures were analyzed. Thus, the reconstruction data sets were obtained. CONCLUSION: After the structures of Mingmen (GV 4) were reconstructed with computer, the form of Mingmen (GV 4) can be dynamically observed from any angle and the space construction law of gross form of Mingmen (GV 4) can be proved.}, keywords = {'t, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Image Processing, Imaging, Microscopy, Morphogenesis, Non-U.S. Gov, Protoplasts, Research Support, Three-Dimensional, Tobacco, Vacuoles, 16309086}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {16309086}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Yu2005b, author = {Zheng-yang Yu and Shu-sen Zheng and Lei-ting Chen and Xiao-qian He and Jian-jun Wang}, title = {{D}ynamic concision for three-dimensional reconstruction of human organ built with virtual reality modelling language ({VRML}).}, journal = {J Zhejiang Univ Sci B}, year = {2005}, volume = {6}, pages = {611--616}, number = {7}, month = {Jul}, abstract = {This research studies the process of 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision based on 2D medical digital images using virtual reality modelling language (VRML) and JavaScript language, with a focus on how to realize the dynamic concision of 3D medical model with script node and sensor node in VRML. The 3D reconstruction and concision of body internal organs can be built with such high quality that they are better than those obtained from the traditional methods. With the function of dynamic concision, the VRML browser can offer better windows for man-computer interaction in real-time environment than ever before. 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision with VRML can be used to meet the requirement for the medical observation of 3D reconstruction and have a promising prospect in the fields of medical imaging.}, doi = {10.1631/jzus.2005.B0611}, keywords = {Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Biological, Coin Lesion, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Imaging, Models, Non-U.S. Gov't, Programming Languages, Pulmonary, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Research Support, Software, Surgery, Three-Dimensional, User-Computer Interface, 15973760}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15973760}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.B0611}, } @ARTICLE{Yuan2005, author = {Joy F Yuan and Daniel R Beniac and George Chaconas and F. Peter Ottensmeyer}, title = {3{D} reconstruction of the {M}u transposase and the {T}ype 1 transpososome: a structural framework for {M}u {DNA} transposition.}, journal = {Genes Dev}, year = {2005}, volume = {19}, pages = {840--852}, number = {7}, month = {Apr}, abstract = {Mu DNA transposition proceeds through a series of higher-order nucleoprotein complexes called transpososomes. The structural core of the transpososome is a tetramer of the transposase, Mu A, bound to the two transposon ends. High-resolution structural analysis of the intact transposase and the transpososome has not been successful to date. Here we report the structure of Mu A at 16-angstroms and the Type 1 transpososome at 34-angstroms resolution, by 3D reconstruction of images obtained by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) at cryo-temperatures. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of the DNA-phosphorus was performed in conjunction with the structural investigation to derive the path of the DNA through the transpososome and to define the DNA-binding surface in the transposase. Our model of the transpososome fits well with the accumulated biochemical literature for this intricate transposition system, and lays a structural foundation for biochemical function, including catalysis in trans and the complex circuit of macromolecular interactions underlying Mu DNA transposition.}, doi = {10.1101/gad.1291405}, keywords = {Bacteriophage mu, DNA Transposable Elements, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Microscopy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Protein Structure, Research Support, Scanning Transmission, Tertiary, Transposases, 15774720}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {gad.1291405}, pmid = {15774720}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1291405}, } @ARTICLE{Zanchet2005, author = {D. J. Zanchet and E. F S Montero and A. M. Marques and C. A. Dietrich and L. P. Nedel}, title = {{P}ersonal computer software evaluation in interactive generation of pig liver three-dimensional anatomical images.}, journal = {Transplant Proc}, year = {2005}, volume = {37}, pages = {198--200}, number = {1}, abstract = {The efficiency of software for a personal computer in the interactive generation of three-dimensional (3D) images from computer tomography was studied in six pig livers after hepatic resection and catheterization of the hepatic and portal veins. After perfusion the livers were submitted to computed tomography angiography, volumetric measurement by water displacement, and production of an acrylic model of the veins by the injection and corrosion method, by which the lengths of the hepatic and portal veins were measured. From the angiogram, the software generated a 3D image that allowed measurement of the vein lengths. The identified branches of the hepatic and portal veins were correlated with the hepatic sectors and segments, respectively. The virtual measures from the 3D images were compared with the real measures. There were no significant differences between the topography and the vessel length. The mean difference between the volumes calculated from software and those measured by water displacement corresponded to 1.2\%, and between the vessel lengths, 0.2\%. In conclusion, the software for personal computer (named LIVER3D) is efficient, allowing interactive inspection of 3D images. All virtual measurements of liver vessel length and partial/total liver volume were similar to the actual ones.}, doi = {10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.12.271}, keywords = {Animals, Computer-Assisted, Image Processing, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Microcomputers, Non-U.S. Gov't, Portal Vein, Research Support, Software, Swine, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, 15808592}, owner = {Administrator}, pii = {S0041-1345(04)01729-4}, pmid = {15808592}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.12.271}, } @ARTICLE{Zhao2005, author = {Fu Zhao and Heather R Landis and Steven J Skerlos}, title = {{M}odeling of porous filter penneability via image-based stochastic reconstruction of spatial porosity correlations.}, journal = {Environ Sci Technol}, year = {2005}, volume = {39}, pages = {239--247}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {A methodology for producing a pore-scale, 3D computational model of porous filter permeability is developed that is based on the analysis of 2D images of the filter matrix and first principles. The computationally reconstructed porous filter model retains statistical details of porosity and the spatial correlations of porosity within the filter and can be used to calculate permeability for either isotropic or 1D anisotropic porous filters. In the isotropic case, validation of the methodology was conducted using 0.2 and 0.8 microm ceramic membrane filters,forwhich it is shown that the image-based computational models provide a viable statistical reproduction of actual porosity characteristics. It is also shown that these models can predict water flux directly from first principles with deviations from experimental measurements in the range of experimental error. In the anisotropic case, validation of the methodology was conducted using a natural river sand filter. For this case, it is shown that the methodology yields predictions of filtration velocity that are similar or better than predictions offered by existing filtration models. It was found for the sand filter that the deviation between observation and prediction was mostly due to swelling during the preparation of the sand filter for imaging and can be reduced significantly using alternative methods reported in the literature. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the computational reconstruction methodology is valid for porous filter modeling, and given that it captures pore-scale details, it has potential application to the investigation of permeability decline underthe influence of pore-scale fouling mechanisms.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Animals, Articular, Artifacts, Artificial Intelligence, Arvicolinae, Automated, Autoradiography, Bacteriophage mu, Basement Membrane, Bayes Theorem, Biological, Biological Markers, Biomechanics, Biotin, Bone Plates, Bone Transplantation, Brain, Calcium-Binding Protein, Calibration, Carcinoma, Cardiovascular, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cervical Vertebrae, Cluster Analysis, Coculture Techniques, Comparative Study, Compressive Strength, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Confocal, Coronary Vessels, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Cultured, Cysteine Endopeptidases, DNA Transposable Elements, Deafness, Dendrites, Dermis, Dextrans, Diagnosis, Diastema, Dimerization, Diskectomy, Electroencephalography, Electron, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron, Engineering, Entorhinal Cortex, Epidermis, Epithelium, Equipment Failure Analysis, Evoked Poten, Extracellular Matrix, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Extramural, Female, Fibroblasts, Filtration, Finite Element Analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Forecasting, Gestational Age, Glucose, Hepatocellular, Hippocampus, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Image Cytometry, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, In Vitro, Indirect, Information Storage and Retrieval, Integrins, Interneurons, Intervertebral Disk, Kidney, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Likelihood Functions, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mechanical, Mice, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Models, Molar, Molecular, Morphogenesis, Movement, Myocardium, N.I.H., Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Neurofilament Proteins, Neurological, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Nude, Odontogenesis, Organ Culture Techniques, Orthopedics, P.H.S., Para-Articular, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Parvalbumins, Pattern Recognition, Permeability, Phosphorylase Kinase, Photogrammetry, Plants, Pliability, Polyethylenes, Porosity, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Potyvirus, Presynaptic Terminals, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Protein Structure, Rabbits, Radiopharmaceuticals, Range of Motion, Rats, Reconstructive Surgical Proce, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Respiration, Scanning Transmission, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Sinoatrial Node, Skin Neoplasms, Somatosensory, Spleen, Staining and Labeling, Statistical, Stress, Subtraction Technique, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Tertiary, Theoretical, Therapy, Three-Dimensional, Tibia, Time Factors, Tissue Engineering, Tooth Germ, Transposases, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Ultracentrifugation, Viral Proteins, Visible Human Project, Vitamin D-Dependent, Water Pollutants, Weight-Bearing, Wistar, X-Rays, dures, tials, 15667100}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15667100}, timestamp = {2006.04.20}, } @ARTICLE{Zhou2004, author = {Dejian Zhou and Andreas Bruckbauer and Matthew Batchelor and Dae-Joon Kang and Chris Abell and David Klenerman}, title = {{I}nfluence of the foundation layer on the layer-by-layer assembly of poly-{L}-lysine and poly(styrenesulfonate) and its usage in the fabrication of 3{D} microscale features.}, journal = {Langmuir}, year = {2004}, volume = {20}, pages = {9089--9094}, number = {21}, month = {Oct}, abstract = {The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of a polypeptide, poly-L-lysine (PLL), with poly(styrenesulfonate) sodium salt (PSS) on flat template-stripped gold (TSG) surfaces precoated with a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiols terminated with positive (pyridinium), negative (carboxylic acid), and neutral [hexa(ethylene glycol)] groups is investigated. Both the topography and the rate of film thickness growth are found to be strongly dependent on the initial surface foundation layer. LBL assembly of PLL and PSS on patterned TSG surfaces produced by micro contact printing leads to structurally distinct microscale features, including pillars, ridges, and wells, whose height can be controlled with nanometer precision.}, doi = {10.1021/la048619s}, keywords = {Acoustics, Acrylic Resins, Actins, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alveolar Process, Anatomic, Animals, Articular, Biological, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Cardiac, Cartilage, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Size, Cells, Cephalometry, Child, Collagen, Comparative Study, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Cultured, Cytoskeleton, Dental Enamel, Dentin, Dentition, Dermoscopy, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Extracellular Matrix, Facial Asymmetry, Female, Fibrinogen, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Regulation, Geology, Humans, Image Interpretation, Image Processing, Imaging, Implanted, Incisor, Infant, Inferior, Liver, Liver Circulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mandible, Mandibular Condyle, Maxilla, Mechanical, Mice, Microcomputers, Microfluidics, Microscopy, Mid, Middle Aged, Models, Moire Topography, Molar, Myocytes, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nasal Bone, Neocortex, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, O, Orbit, Osteoarthritis, P.H.S., Partial, Physics, Portal Vein, Preschool, Pseudopodia, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Scoliosis, Sella Turcica, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Skin, Skin Aging, Software, Sphenoid Bone, Spiral Computed, Statistical, Stress, Subdural Space, Surface Properties, Swine, Three-Dimensional, Thumb, Tomography, Tooth, Transfection, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Vena Cava, Wrist Joint, X-Ray Computed, dle Aged, ptical, 15461491}, owner = {Administrator}, pmid = {15461491}, timestamp = {2006.04.21}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la048619s}, } @CONFERENCE{Zhye2002, author = {Zhye Yin; Yili Zheng; Doerschuk, P.C.;}, title = {A statistical model for cryo electron microscope images and 3-D reconstruction and experimental design [spherical viruses]}, booktitle = {Biomedical Imaging, 2002. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE International Symposium on 7-10 July 2002 Page(s):673 - 676 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ISBI.2002.1029347}, year = {2002}, owner = {Administrator}, timestamp = {2006.04.19}, }