10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.
The Glories Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution all led to people wanting freedom, equality, and individual rights. Philosophers in all of these countries promoted the ideas of having a Constitution, religious liberty, and correct legislation. The American Revolution had a little different spirit about it than the other two because it was mainly a fight for freedom, on their own soil, and for their own causes. One of the differences between the American Revolution and the French Revolution was that the American Revolution produced a Constitution that lasted. This Constitution promoted liberty and freedom and its ideals have spread across the globe today.
1. Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Sim�n Bol�var, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).
� John Locke believed that for the individual, he wants each of us to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authorities or be subject to superstition.
� John Locke believed that using reason to try to take hold of the truth, and determining the justifiable functions of institutions will optimize human prospering for the individual and society both in respect to its material and spiritual welfare.
� Charles-Louis Montesquieu created a naturalistic explanation of the different forms of government.
� Charles-Louis Montesquieu saw authoritarianism as a danger for any government not already cruel, and argued that it could best be prohibited by a system, where different bodies practiced legislative, executive, and judicial power.
� Jean-Jaques most important and most recognized work would be the social contract.
� The Social contract states that if your country, society or leader provides you with the essentials to live(food, shelter. ECT.) then you owe a certain debt to society to follow the laws and ECT. However, if society fails to provide you with the essentials, then you the people may rebel(anarchy.)
2. List the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689), the American Declaration of Independence (1776), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791).
A. The Principles of the English Bill of Rights
� Positive rights- freedom of speech, property, habeas corpus(the document that states why your in prison) freedom from violent crime, freedom of worship, a fair trial, freedom from slavery and the Right to bear arms.
� Democratic society-a government where all of the citizens have a voice in shaping policy.
� The actions of the crown-an abstract concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government.
B. Principles of the Magna Carta
� The Magna Carta states that the king has to follow the law, and cannot just do anything.
C. Principles of the Declaration of Independence
� Thirteen Colonies in North America declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
D. Principles of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
� defines a set of individual rights of liberty and collective rights of all of the estates as one.
� sets forth fundamental rights of French citizens but acknowledges these rights to all men without exception, making it a precursor to international human rights instruments
E. Principles of The Bill Of Rights
� The Ten Amendments
3.understand the unique character of the American Revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations.
� a political movement in 1776 created a nation
� the new nation was the United States of America.
� The British And Americans fought for the country, and the war resulted in an American win.
� the Revolution involved a series of broad intellectual and social shifts that occurred in American society as new republican ideals took hold in the population.
� The revolution made American the independent and self sufficient country that it is today.
4. explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.
� The Church and high-ranking officials originally ruled France. This was called a constitutional monarchy.
� Many people didn�t like this and made uprisings and rebellious acts against the government. France responded by reforming the law.
� The Declaration of the Rights of Man was set up, which is similar to the Declaration of Independence that was set forth in the United States.
� Later, Napoleon came to power around the 1790s. He favored the Jacobins and republic rule. He set up the Napoleonic Code, which had many ideals that he wanted portrayed by his nation. His governmental ideals in strengthening the government were: order, security, efficiency rather than liberty, equality, and fraternity.
5.discuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe until the Revolutions of 1848.
� Under the rule of Napoleon, Imperialism spread, nations were conquered, and areas were annexed to France. All of these occurrences built up France�s pride and nationalism.
� Napoleon made his country and other nations feel superior and almighty by continuously conquering other peoples.
� The Congress of Vienna was set up to restore stability and order to Europe after 25 years of war. It promoted legitimacy and restored hereditary monarchies that Napoleon had unseated.
� The Concert of Europe was a peacekeeping organization made to maintain balance and suppress uprisings caused by the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte.