Answer to Question 1)
1) float f=1/3;
2) int i=1/3;
4) double d=999d;
The fact that option 3 does not compile may be a surprise. The problem is because the default type for a number with a decimal component is a double and not a float. The additional trailing d in the option with 999 doesn't help, but it doesn't harm.
Answer to Question 2)
2) new
The option NULL (note the upper case letter) is definitely not a keyword. There is some discussion as to if null is a keyword but for the purpose of the exam you should probably assume it is a keyword.
The option instanceOf is a bit of a misleading option that would probably not occur on the exam. The real keyword is instanceof (note that the of has no capital letter O). I had the incorrect version in an earlier version of this tutorial as it looks more likely to my eyes. The instanceof keyword looks like a method, but it is actually an operator.
The option wend is probably valid in some other language to indicate the end of a while loop, but Java has no such keyword.
Answer to Question 3)
1) System.out.println(1+1);
2) int i=2+'2';
Option 3 is not valid
because single quotes are used to indicate a character constant and not a
string. Several people have emailed me to say that option 3 will compile. When
they eventually compiled the exact code they have agreed, it will not compile.
Let me re-state that
String s="on"+'one';
Will NOT compile.
Option 4 will not compile because 255 is out of the range of a byte
Answer to Question 4)
1) The garbage collection algorithm in Java is vendor implemented
Threading and garbage collection are two of the few areas that are platform
dependent. This is one of the
reasons why Java is not suitable for realtime
programming. It is not a good idea use it to control your
plane or nuclear
power station. Once an instance of the Integer class has a value it cannot be
changed.
Answer to Question 5)
(Not on the official sub objectives but this topic does come up on the exam)
2) The RandomAccessFile class allows you to move directly to any point a
file.
4) The characteristics of an instance of the File class such as the
directory separator, depend on the current underlying operating system
The File class can be considered to represent information about a file rather than a real file object. You can create a file in the underlying operating system by passing an instance of a file to a stream such as FileOutputStream. The file will be created when you call the close method of the stream.
Answer to Question 6)
2) The instanceof operator can be used to determine if a reference is an
instance of a particular primitive wrapper class
The instanceof operator can only be used to make a static comparison with a class type. Java1.1 added the isInstance method to the class Class to allow you to dynamically determine a class type. The exam does not test you on isInstance.
Answer to Question 7)
2) Interfaces cannot have constructors
If you try to create a constructor for an Interface the compiler will give you an error message something like
"interface can't have constructors".
4) Interfaces are the Java approach to addressing the single inheritance model, but require implementing classes to create the functionality of the Interfaces.
An interface may contain variables as well as methods. However any variables are final by default and must be assigned values on creation. A class can only extend one other class (single inheritance) but may implement as many interfaces as you like (or is sensible).
Answer to Question 8)
Objective 9.1)
None of these are valid statements. The Math class is final and cannot be extended. The max method takes two parameters, round only takes one parameter and there is no mod parameter. You may get questions in the exam that have no apparently correct answer. If you are absolutely sure this is the case, do not check any of the options.
Answer to Question 9)
1) The Runnable interface has only one method run that needs to be created in any class that implements it. The start method is used to actually call and start the run method executing.
Answer to Question 10)
1) A byte can represent between -128 to 127
The char type is the only unsigned type in Java and thus cannot represent a negative number.
Answer to Question 11)
2) Compilation and no output at runtime
Because the method in Base called Base has a return type it is not a constructor and there for does not get called on creation of an instance of its child class In
Answer to Question 12)
4) Compilation and output of hello
This type of question is particularly calculated to catch out C/C++ programmers who might expect parameter zero to be the name of the compiler.
Answer to Question 13)
1) If a class has any abstract methods it must be declared abstract itself.
3) The final modifier means that a class cannot be sub-classed
4)
transient and volatile are Java modifiers
An abstract class may have non abstract methods. Any class that descends from an abstract class must implement the abstract methods of the base class or declare them as abstract itself.
Answer to Question 14)
2) public static void amethod(){}
4) static native void amethod();
Option 1 is not valid because it has braces and the native modifier means that the method can have no body. This is because the body must be implemented in some other language (often C/C++). Option 3 is not valid because private and protected contradict themselves.
Answer to Question 15)
4) Constructors are not inherited
Constructors can be marked public, private or protected. Constructors do not have a return type.
Answer to Question 16)
2) Compile time error
An error occurs when the class Severn attempts to call the zero parameter constructor in the class Base Because the Base class has an integer constructor Java does not provide the "behind the scenes" zero parameter constructor.
Answer to Question 17)
1) static methods do not have access to the implicit variable called
this
2) A static method may be called without creating an instance of
its class
3) a static may not be overriden to be non-static
The implicit variable this refers to the current instance of a class and thus and by its nature a static method cannot have access to it.
Answer to Question 18)
1)
char c='1';
System.out.println(c>>1);
4)
int i=1;
System.out.println(i<<1);
Be aware that Integer (not the upper case I) is a wrapper class and thus cannot be treated like a primitive. The fact that option 1 will compile may be a surprise, but although the char type is normally used to store character types, it is actually an unsigned integer type. The reason option 3 does not compile is that Java has a >>> operator but not a <<< operator.
Answer to Question 19)
2) An event listener may be removed from a component
3) The
ActionListener interface has no corresponding Adapter class
A component may have multiple event listeners attached. Thus a field may need to respond to both the mouse and the keyboard, requiring multiple event handlers. The ActionListener has not matching Adapter class because it has only one method, the idea of the Adapter classes is to eliminate the need to create blank methods.
Answer to Question 20)
3) transient
4) volatile
Option 1, sizeof is designed to catch out the C/C++ programmers. Java does not have a sizeof keyword as the size of primitives should be consistent on all Java implementations. Although a program needs a main method with the standard signature to start up it is not a keyword. The real keywords are less commonly used and therefore might not be so familiar to you.