*** Arc/Info Notes from Hell *** Get this: Arc cannot handle directories with Capitol letters :) The EXPORT command in Arc puts out the current arc coverage as a .e00 file. This file may be compressed if FULL option is taken or not with NONE option. Either way the .e00 file is an ASCII file! When using ftp to transfer the file make sure it is in ASCII mode. Likewise when reading the file into the IBM RISC 6000 using DOSREAD, you must use the '-a' flag to get rid of IBM's carriage return/line feed combo. The IMPORT command will read in an Arc ASCII .e00 file. Ex. for county.e00 Arc: import cover county county ^ ^ / \ (file) county.e00 county (Arc dir) Once imported the coverages still need to be built. Arc: build county poly Arc: build county line DLG files can be imported into arc using the DLGARC command. From Dave T's 8mm Tape I wrote (un'tar'ed) off the files, then 'mv'ed them to where I wanted to convert them. I looked in the county dir at the 'prj' (the projection) to see what it was and noticed the 'y offset' was -4000000. I had extracted the dlg and found it wasn't offset, so in the following example for converting the file lstalam.dlg that value is used. Arc: dlgarc optional lstalam.dlg alam # # 0 -4000000 ^^^^^^^^ Note: the CDOT files had projected the files with -4000000, instead of +4000000. I had to correct this later as I had applied the correction to the USFWS files. The USFWS files are correct as is - no yshift needed. Again you must also build the coverage (poly, line/arc, or point) as above. Arc: build alam To add the polygon information in the .att file use the following steps. Arc: info ENTER USER NAME>ARC ENTER COMMAND >DEFINE ALAM.INF ITEM NAME>ALAM-ID,4,5,B ITEM NAME>EW,4,12,F,5 ITEM NAME>NS,4,12,F,5 ITEM NAME>MANAGER,25,25,C ITEM NAME>OWNER,4,4,C ITEM NAME>STATUS,4,4,C ITEM NAME> ENTER COMMAND >ADD FROM ../lstalam.att ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP Arc: joinitem alam.pat alam.inf alam.pat alam-id alam-id To compensate for the 8 (cany,rang,doug,gran,delt,nucl,dove,cort) which are in zone 12, reproject them to zone 13. Arc: project cover cort cort2 Project: output Project: projection utm Project: zone 13 Project: units meters Project: yshift -4000000 Project: parameters Project: end To reproject from present (UTM) to Lambert Equal Area (lambert_azimuth). Arc: project cover county county_lea Project: output Project: projection lambert_azimuth Project: units meters Project: datum nad83 Project: spheroid grs1980 Project: parameters radius of the sphere of reference [ 0.00000 ]: 0.0 longitude of center of projection [ 0 0 0.000 ]: -105 30 00 latitude of center of projection [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 39 00 00 false easting (meters) [ 0.00000 ]: 0.0 false northing (meters) [ 0.00000 ]: 0.0 Project: end For the DCW (Digital Chart of the World), after uploading the arc files desired and converting the files to lowercase and rebuilding. They need to be reprojected. Use arc 'describe' to see what the coodinates of the DCW data is (the Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax) values. Arc: build ej32 line Arc: describe ej32 Arc: info ENTER COMMAND >DEFINE EJ32.TIC ITEM NAME>IDTIC,4,5,B ITEM NAME>XTIC,4,12,F,3 ITEM NAME>YTIC,4,12,F,3 ITEM NAME> ENTER COMMAND >ADD IDTIC>1 XTIC>-105.000 (Xmax) YTIC>45.000 (Ymax) IDTIC>2 -110.000 Xmin 45.000 Ymax IDTIC>3 -110.000 Xmin 40.000 Ymin IDTIC>4 -105.000 Xmax 40.000 Ymin IDTIC> Arc: project cover ej32 ej32_utm Project: input Project: projection geographic Project: units dd Project: parameters Project: output Project: projection utm Project: zone 13 Project: units meters Project: yshift -4000000 Project: parameters Project: end To reselect a part of the area (USFS, BLM, and NPS in this case). Arc: reselect alam alam_sub poly Reselecting POLYGON features from ALAM to create ALAM_SUB Enter a logical expression. (Enter a blank line when finished) >: res owner = 'USFS' or owner = 'BLM' or owner = 'NPS' >: Do you wish to re-enter expression (Y/N)? n Do you wish to enter another expression (Y/N)? n >: res owner = 'USFS' or owner = 'BLM' or owner = 'NPS' >: or owner = 'BIA' or owner = 'NBS' or owner = 'NOAA' >: or owner = 'DOD' or owner = 'PVT' >: res owner eq 'CDOW' or owner eq 'DOD' or owner eq 'DOE' or owner eq 'FED' >: or owner eq 'FS' or owner eq 'FWS' or owner eq 'NGL' or owner eq 'NGP' >: or owner eq 'NHS' or owner eq 'NM' or owner eq 'NPK' or owner eq 'NRA' >: or owner eq 'NWR' or owner eq 'SCCWPORA' or owner eq 'SFH' or owner eq 'SRA' >: or owner eq 'CPOR' or owner eq 'SWA' or owner eq 'WILDA' To view the files, I've been typing this (in part from Freeman's Photo-Index): Arc: ae { arcedit } { ArcEdit bullsh*t } Arcedit: mape county { mapextent } Arcedit: display 9999 3 { open a display window } Arcedit: ec county { edit } Arcedit: ef arc { editfeature } Arcedit: de all off arc on { drawenvironment } Arcedit: draw Arcedit: bc alam 5 { backcoverage } { shows file path, cover # & color # } Arcedit: be all off arc on { backenvironment } Arcedit: draw This will show the alamosa area (in blue-green) on the colo counties (white) and the bc part can be repeated in differing colors for other layers. Some other commands to note (from Willis's finger flurry): Arcedit: &term { set the terminal } Arcedit: forms Arcedit: items ----=----=----=----=----=----=----=----=-----=----=----=----=----=----=----=---- Introduction To Geographic Information Systems Geography 4103/5103 Fall Semester 1993 Instructor: Michael E. Hodgson, Ph.D. Teaching Assistant: Maggi Kelly Course Content There are three primary areas of study in the geographic information processing realm of geography: remote sensing, cartography, and geographic information systems. Remote sensing is primarily a data gathering science, cartography a data mapping science, and geographic information systems a storage/retrieval and data analysis science. Geographic information systems (GIS) may be fully regarded as a toolbox of techniques to capture, transform, store/retrieve, analysis and create cartographic output; so in some ways covers portions of the disciplines of remote sensing and cartography. This course in GIS will present to the student the fundamental methods of digital map data representation, map data capture, map data analysis, and map output. The "map" is a key modifier to all data in a GIS. Unlike other data management and analysis systems, a GIS is designed to operate on mappable data - data with a spatial dimension. A student successfully completing the course will have the experience with the necessary tools to conduct his/her own research project using a contemporary GIS. The topics are organized to lead the student systematically through The logical steps used in conducting a typical GIS project. Course Prerequisites All students should have completed a cartography course, such as Maps and Mapping of Cartography I. I assume that all students have a fundamental Knowledge of basic cartographic theory - mappable data, scale, generalizations, and map projections. Also, each student should be familiar with fundamental UNIX Operating System commands (or a quick learner). 1) Overview of Geographical Information Systems Lab #1: Introduction to ArcView, Querying, Features/Attributes FUNDAMENTALS & VECTOR DATA MODELS 2) Map Projections Geographic Data Models - Features and Attributes: Vector Lab #2: Introduction to Arc-Info and Map Projections 3) Databases: Flat-file and Relational Databases Lab #3: Introduction to Info, Modifying Coverages 4) Map Overlays - Containment Positional Error: Precision and Accuracy Lab #4: Map Overlays: Containment 5) Map Overlays - union, intersection, slivers, etc. Distance Measures, Temporal Dimensions Lab #5: Polygon Overlay and Distance Computations 6) TIGER & Address Matching Introduction to Arcplot/Map Composition Lab #6: Street Address Coverages and Address Matching 7) Sources of Geographic Data Lab #7: Map Composition RASTER DATA MODELS 8) Global Positioning Systems Data Capture Lab #8: Analog Data Capture 9) Topographic Characteristics: Slope/Aspect, Basins, Streamlines Surfaces and Raster Data Models: Topographic and Other Lab #9: Analog Data Capture, Part II 10) Surface Creation: Spatial Interpolation, Isoline-to-Grid Triangulated Irregular Networks Lab #10: Introduction to Raster Data Models and Continuous Surfaces 11) Cartographic Modeling/Map Algebra Landscapes Indices Lab #11: Map Overlays, Size and Area 12) Distance and Diffusion Lab #12: Suitability Mapping 14) Lab #13: Distance and Diffusion 15) Modeling of Dynamic Features Lab #14: Modeling a Dynamic Feature with a Raster Data Model 16) Selected Research Problems: Integration, Modeling, n-d Data Models ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #1: Introduction to ArcView, Features and Attributes OBJECTIVES This lab has four objectives: 1) familiarize students with some Fundamentals of Unix commands, 2) a brief introduction to ArcView, 3) understanding of simple methods of querying the attributes of features, and 4) creation of a map of the Santa Clara County study area with county boundaries, transportation routes, and hydrography. MATERIALS The Arc-Info coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description cal_data/CalifStart.av The ArcView file 1:100,000 scale quads 1:24,000 scale quads County boundaries for California Hydrography Transportation Lines Creating your own Arc-Info subdirectory Create a subdirectory in your workspace called Arc using the Unix command: mkdir arc Change your current location to this subdirectory by: cd arc Copy the file named calstart.av to your Arc directory: cp /home/data/pub/geog4103/pre_delaney/cal_data/CalifStart.av ~yourname/arc Make sure the file is in there in your Arc directory before proceeding: dir Running ArcView (ver. 1) Run the ArcView program using the following command: arcview TASK 1. Displaying a Coverage on Screen Task: Display the Santa Clara County study area with the county boundaries in black, the major transportation routes in red and hydrographic features in black. How do you display a coverage on screen? (e.g. county boundaries) How do you change colors of the displayed coverage? (e.g. county boundaries in black) How do you zoom in on a portion of the coverage on screen? (i.e. Santa Clara County California) How do you overlay other cartographic features on the Santa Clara County view? (i.e. hydrography, transportation) How do you place a title on the map? TASK 2. Map Querying and Map Measurements Task: Determine the geographic scope of the Santa Clara County study area in 1) kilometers, and 2) as defined by the number and name of 1:100k and 1:24k quadrangle map sheets. How do you query information on the display? ...find attributes of a county? ...point on the screen to find the X-Y coordinates of any point? How do you display the 1:100k quad sheets on the zoomed-in portion of Santa Clara County? How do you display the names of the same quad sheets on the screen? Task 3. Composing a Hardcopy Map Task: Create a hardcopy map on the laser printer showing the Santa Clara County study area with transportation routes and hydrographic features overlaid. Choose symbology that enables you to differentiate the features on a B/W laser printer map. How do you define a subset of the entire coverage that you only want plotted? How do you plot the map on the laser printer? Display cover File - Open - {dc} CalifStart.av Change display color {ch} arrow beside feature - Properties... Legend (note - outlines button depressed) - {dc} orange box black - Apply {dc} to close window Other display features {c} box to check feature Zoom In/Out + magnifier - {c} on map Pointer/Info {c} on object give info window x,y coodinates Finger {c} centers Dashed Box window area selection Only what is in arcview window will print File - Preferences - Plotting & Encapsulated Postscript -OK {c} camera button creates .eps ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #2: Introduction to Arc-Info and Map Projections OBJECTIVES This lab has three objectives: 1) familiarize students with more fundamental Unix commands, 2) a brief introduction to Arc-Info and subsetting and map projection capabilites, and 3) creation of a map of the Santa Clara County study area with the location of homes damaged by the Loma Prieta earthquake. You must project one dataset into the same coordinate system as the other dataset in order to correctly overlay the maps. BACKGROUND The Loma Prieta earthquake (M 7.1) occured on October 17, 1989 at 5:04 pm Pacific time. The depth of focus was 18.24 km. The Santa Clara county tax assessor's office has provided you with a digital dataset of the homes that were damaged in the county. The dataset (i.e. lpdamage.dat) is in the UTM coordinate system but is an ascii file - you must convert it into a form suitable for Arc-Info for display and analysis. You also want to plot background information on the map, such as the county boundaries and locations of the Special Studies Zones and epicenter of the Loma Prieta Earthquake. MATERIALS The Arc-Info coverages (/home/data/pub/geog4103/pre_delaney) you will work with are: Coverage Name Description usa_2m/pop88c County boundaries for California cal_data/lpdamage.dat Location of homes damaged by the Loma Prieta cal_data/sczones Location of Alquist Priolo Zones Running Arc-Info Change your current location to the Arc subdirectory by: cd arc Run the Arc-Info program using the following command: arc TASK 1. Subsetting a Coverage Task: Create a coverage with only the Santa Clara county area How do you subset a coverage? (i.e. only the Santa Clara County boundary) Arc: reselect /pub/usa_2m/pop88c sc_county poly >: res state_name eq 'California' and cnty_name eq 'Santa Clara' >: (cr) n n [Note: This takes a while ... be patient] TASK 2. Reprojecting a Coverage and Creating a Coverage Task: Reproject the Santa Clara County boundary created in Task 1 into the UTM coordinate system. How do you reproject a coverage? (i.e. county boundaries) Arc: project cover sc_county sc_county_utm Project: output Project: projection utm Project: zone 10 Project: unit meters Project: parameters Project: end [Note: the input projection is already known for this file] Arc: build sc_county_utm Task: Create a coverage called lprieta depicting the location of of the epicenter of the Loma Prieta eathquake. Arc: generate lprieta Generate: points ID,X,Y: 1, -121.8897, 37.0333 ID,X,Y: end Generate: q [Note: This point is the decimal degree equivalent] Task: Reproject Loma Prieta point coverage (lprieta) from geographic into the UTM coordinate system (lprieta_utm). Arc: project cover lprieta lprieta_utm Project: input Project: projection geographic Project: units dd Project: parameters Project: output Project: projection utm Project: zone 10 Project: unit meters Project: parameters Project: end [Note: The input specifications are not known so you must tell Arc] Arc: build lprieta_utm point [Note: Make sure you use the point option] Task: Create a point coverage (lpdamage_utm) showing the locations of homes damaged in Santa Clara County from the ASCII file (lpdamage.dat). The ascii file is in the form: id, x, y and is in the UTM coordinate system. Arc: generate lpdamage_utm Generate: input /pub/geog4103/cal_data/lpdamage.dat Generate: points Generate: q [Note: You will get an unexpected EOF if the last line in the file is not END - this is OK] Task: Build the "topology" for the Point Coverage. Arc: build lpdamage_utm point Task: Define characteristics of the map projection for this dataset Arc: projectdefine cover lpdamage_utm Project: projection utm Project: unit meters Project: zone 10 Project: parameters Arc: Task 3. Creating a New ArcView Task: Create a hardcopy map on the laser printer showing the Santa Clara County study area with the location of homes damaged by the Loma Prieta earthquake and the boundaries of the major faults. Task: Create a new arcview file. arcview File - Add... - {dc} sc_county_utm File - Add... - {dc} lprieta_utm File - Add... - {dc} lpdamage_utm Windows - New Display File - Save - santa_clara_map File - Add - Go To: /pub/geog4103/cal_data - {dc} sczones TURN IN LIST Visually examine the Pattern of Homes Damaged in Santa Clara county. Why is the pattern as it is? In other words, why is the pattern not uniformly distributed throughout the county? _______________________________________ Turn in you B/W map of the damaged homes in Santa Clara county, the location of the Special Studies Zones, and the location of the Loma Prieta epicenter. ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #3: Introduction to Info, Modifying Coverages OBJECTIVES This lab has several objectives. First, you will create an Arc coverage of points where the spatial information exists in an ascii data file. Next, you will learn how to create an INFO file - a database of descriptive information about point locations. You will modify an INFO file and create new variables. Finally, you learn how to relate the descriptive information in the INFO file to the spatial information in the ARC file; thus, you will have created a geographic database. BACKGROUND You would like to be able to answer the following questions: Is there a statistically significant difference in the mean distance between homes insured and those uninsured? ...before the Loma Prieta earthquake? ...after the Loma Prieta earthquake? However, you must actually compute the distances between each home and the Special Studies Zones (we have not done this in lab yet and will not until later). For this lab create a map that shows the insurance status of each home before the Loma Prieta earthquake, after the Loma Prieta earthquake, and those individuals that changed insurance status (those who purchased insurance following the earthquake). You can visually analyze the map and try to answer the questions above. For data you have been given the random list of homeowners surveyed before and after the Loma Prieta earthquake in Santa Clara County. The surveyed homeowners were randomly selected from the tax assessor's office list in the county. A mail survey was used to extract insurance status, socioeconomic, and perceptual information from each homeowner. The spatial location of each homeowner was determined by geocoding street address locations with TIGER data (more about the geocoding process in a later lab). MATERIALS The Arc-Info coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description sc_county_utm Santa Clara County boundary (from lab #2) cal_data/sczones Location of Alquist Priolo Zones cal_data/surxy89.dat Location of each home surveyed (UTM coords) cal_data/scins89.dat Insurance status of each homeowner before (-1=no response, 1=insured, 2=not insured) cal_data/scins89.dat Insurance status of each homeowner after (-1=no response, 1=insured, 2=not insured) TASK 1. Creating a Point Coverage (survey) from an ASCII File (surxy89.dat) Task: Use the Generate command to create the file and input data Arc: generate survey Generate: input /pub/geog4103/cal_data/surxy89.dat Generate: points Generate: q [Note: You will get an unexpected EOF if the last line in the file is not END - this is OK] Task: Build the "topology" for the Point Coverage: Arc: build survey point Arc: projectdefine cover survey Project: projection utm Project: unit meters Project: zone 10 Project: parameters Task: Check to see if the projection information is there: Arc: describe survey TASK 2. Creating an attribute file for the existing Point Coverage Task: Using INFO to examine the items in a Coverage Database: [Note: Make sure the Caps Lock is on when in INFO] Arc: info ENTER USER NAME>ARC ENTER COMMAND >SELECT SURVEY.PAT ENTER COMMAND >ITEMS ENTER COMMAND >LIST [Note: Notice the width, type for each item name and there is no spatial info] Task: Create two INFO databases of the "Insurance Status of Homeowners" ENTER COMMAND >DEFINE SURVEY89.INF ITEM NAME>SURVEY-ID,4,5,B ITEM NAME>INSURE-STATUS89,4,4,N,1 ITEM NAME> ENTER COMMAND >ADD FROM /pub/geog4103/cal_data/scins89.dat Repeat for the insurance status in 1990 but put in survey90.inf ENTER COMMAND >Q ENTER USER NAME>STOP Task: Join the 1989 attribute file with the point coverage Arc: joinitem survey.pat survey89.inf survey.pat survey-id survey-id ordered Use INFO to reexamine the items in the Coverage Database: Arc: info ENTER USER NAME>ARC ENTER COMMAND >SEL SURVEY.PAT ENTER COMMAND >ITEMS ENTER COMMAND >LIST [Note: Values of 0 are for those obs. that we did not have a value for insurance status - they did not respond to the survey] ENTER COMMAND >Q ENTER USER NAME>STOP Task: Join the 1990 attribute file with the point coverage Arc: joinitem survey.pat survey90.inf survey.pat survey-id insure-status89 ordered Task: Delete the Info Databases you created (but not the one related): Arc: info ENTER USER NAME>ARC ENTER COMMAND >SELECT SURVEY89.INF ENTER COMMAND >DELETE SURVEY89.INF ENTER COMMAND >SEL SURVEY90.INF ENTER COMMAND >DELE SURVEY90.INF ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP Task: Create an Item that indicates the change in insurance status Arc: additem survey.pat survey.pat insure-change 2 2 I If 1989 status = 2 and 1990 status = 1 then the homeowner changed to INSURED If 1989 status = 1 and 1990 status = 2 then the homeowner changed to UNINSURED If 1989 status = 1 and 1990 status = 1 then the homeowner changed to INSURED If 1989 status = 2 and 1990 status = 2 then the homeowner changed to UNINSURED Arc: info ENTER USER NAME>ARC ENTER COMMAND >SEL SURVEY.PAT ENTER COMMAND >RESELECT INSURE-STATUS89 = 2 AND INSURE-STATUS90 = 1 ENTER COMMAND >CALC INSURE-CHANGE = 1 ENTER COMMAND >ASELECT ENTER COMMAND >RESEL INSURE-STATUS89 = 1 AND INSURE-STATUS90 = 2 ENTER COMMAND >CALC INSURE-CHANGE = 2 ENTER COMMAND >ASEL ENTER COMMAND >RESEL INSURE-STATUS89 = 1 AND INSURE-STATUS90 = 1 ENTER COMMAND >CALC INSURE-CHANGE = 3 ENTER COMMAND >ASEL ENTER COMMAND >RESEL INSURE-STATUS89 = 2 AND INSURE-STATUS90 = 2 ENTER COMMAND >CALC INSURE-CHANGE = 4 ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP TASK 3. Obtaining Descriptive Statistics for an Info file Arc: statistics survey.pat survey89.sta insure-status89 Statistics: sum insure-status89 (cr) N N list survey89.sta (frequency for each value) [Note: The frequency for each value of "insure-status89" will be listed] Do the same for the 1990 insurance status and the change in insurance status TASK 4. Adding the Surveyed Homeowners Data to an Existing ArcView Task: Using information from the previous labs, add the surveyed theme to your existing ArcView and create the appropriate maps. TURN IN LIST How many responded to the survey before Loma Prieta? ___ How many responded to the survey after Loma Prieta? ___ Of the homes responding before Loma Prieta, ...how many were insured? ___ ...how many were uninsured? ___ Of the homes responding after Loma Prieta, ...how many were insured? ___ ...how many were uninsured? ___ How many uninsured homeowners before Loma Prieta purchased insurance after Loma Prieta? ___ Visually examine the Insurance Status of the surveyed homeowners in Santa Clara County. Are those homeowners who carry earthquake insurance closer to the San Andreas Fault than those who do not? ______ Turn in you B/W map of the insured/uninsured homeowners in Santa Clara county before Loma Prieta and a B/W map of the same after Loma Prieta, and a map of those homeowners who changed insurance status. ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #4: Map Overlays: Containment OBJECTIVES This lab will introduce you to the concept of map overlays - a coverage of points and a coverage of polygons. Your objective is to 1) determine the number of surveyed homes (and insurance status) located in the Special Studies Zones in Santa Clara County, California, and 2) determine the number of surveyed homes (and insurance status) located in the 100-year flood zones in the municipio of San German, Puerto Rico. BACKGROUND You would like to be able to answer the following questions: Is there a difference in the insurance status between those homeowners who live in a hazardous zone (e.g. Alquist Prioli Zone or 100-year flood zone) verses those who live outside of the zone? For data you have the random list of homeowners surveyed before and after the Loma Prieta earthquake in Santa Clara County (lab #3). Also provided is a dataset used in a survey of homeowners in the municipio of San German, Puerto Rico. Similar to the California studies, these homeowners were asked questions about their socioeconomic characteristics and insurance and thier attitudes and behavior towards natural hazards. MATERIALS The Arc coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description sc_county_utm Santa Clara County boundary (from Lab #2) cal_data/sczones Location of Alquist Priolo Zones survey Coverage of homes surveyed and their insurance status (from Lab #3) pr_data/prdemog/s_munic San German municipio boundary pr_data/prflood/s_flood Coverage of 100yr flood zones in San German pr_data/prdemog/sg_surveyxy.dat Location of homes surveyed in Puerto Rico in 1990. pr_data/prdemog/sg_surveyins.dat ascii file of surveyed homeowners in San German and the flood insurance status. (1=insured, 2=not insured) TASK 1. Determine Homes in the Special Studies Zones of Santa Clara County Task: Intersect the coverage of surveyed homes of Santa Clara County with the Special Studies Zones. Arc: identity survey /pub/geog4103/cal_data/sczones scsurover point Arc: list scsurover.pat [Note: There is a new item called ZONE_NAME] Task: Compute frequencies of the surveyed home location characteristics Arc: frequency scsurover.pat scsurover.frq Enter the 1st item: zone_name Enter the 2nd item: end Enter the 1st item: end Arc: list scsurover.frq Task: Compute frequencies of the surveyed home locational & and insurance status characteristics Arc: frequency scsurover.pat scsurinsover.frq Enter the 1st item: zone_name Enter the 2nd item: insure-change Enter the 3rd item: end Enter the 1st item: end Arc: list scsurinsover.frq TASK 2. Compute the percentage of the Santa Clara County covered by Special Studies Zones Task: Using a polygon overlay operation, determine the percentage of the county that is covered by Special Studies Zones. Arc: intersect cal_data/sczones sc_county_utm sczoneint poly Arc: statistics sczoneint.pat sczoneint.sta area Statistics: sum area Statistics: (cr) Do you wish to re-enter expression (Y/N)? N Do you wish to enter another expression (Y/N)? N Arc: list sczoneint.sta Task: Using ArcView, create a map showing the locations of the surveyed homeowners and only the portions of the Special Studies Zones that are within Santa Clara County. You should "add" the sczoneint to the ArcView. TASK 3. Create a Map of the Surveyed Homes in San German Task: Create a point coverage of home locations and their characteristics from an ASCII file. You will have to inport the file containing the id, x, y locations of each surveyed homeowner into and Arc coverage using the generate command. You did a similar task in a previous lab. Task: Use ArcView to create a map of the surveyed homeowners showing the insured and uninsured, the municipio boundary of San German, and the 100-year flood zones in the area. For a nicer graphic, you might do the polygon overlay in Task 4 first and just show those flood zones that are within the municipio of San German. You have conducted a similar exercise before for the Santa Clara county study. You must start in ArcView and create a "new" view. TASK 4. Determine the Locational Characteristics of San German Homes Task: Determine the locational characteristics of the surveyed homeowners in San German with respect to the 100-year flood zone in the municipio. Look at the "Turn in list" to determine the kind of characteristics you will need to measure. TASK 5. Compute the percentage of San German municipio covered by 100-year Flood Zones Task: Using a polygon overlay operation, determine the percentage of the municipio that is covered by 100-year flood zones. TURN IN LIST Santa Clara County, CA Dataset # of homes inside Special Studies Zone: _____ in San Andreas Zone: ___(insured) ___(not insured) in Hayward Zone: ___(insured) ___(not insured) in Calevaras Zone: ___(insured) ___(not insured) # of homes inside Special Studies Zone: _____ Percentage of the County contained in Special Studies Zones: ___% San German, Puerto Rico Dataset # of homes inside 100-year flood zone: _____ # of homes inside 100-year flood zone AND: ___(insured) ___(not insured) # of homes outside 100-year flood zone: _____ # of homes outside 100-year flood zone AND: ___(insured) ___(not insured) Percentage of the municipio covered by 100-year flood zones: ___% Also turn in 1) your map for San German municipio. 2) your map of Santa Clara County with only the portion of the Special Studies Zone in Santa Clara County ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #5: Polygon Overlay and Distance Computations OBJECTIVES This lab will introduce you to the concept of map overlay and measuring distances on maps - points, lines, and area data. Your objectives are to 1) dissagregate the population of a hypothetical set of countries to a river basin and 2) determine the distances of characteristics of surveyed homes with respect to the Special Studies Zones in Santa Clara County, California. MATERIALS The Arc coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description cal_data/aggbas.dat Arcs for Basin coverage cal_data/aggbasp.dat Label Points for Basin coverage cal_data/aggcou.dat Arcs for County coverage cal_data/aggcoup.dat Label Points for County coverage survey Surveyed homeowners w/insurance status cal_data/sczones Coverage of SSZs in the San Francisco Bay TASK 1. Compute the Population for Each Drainage Basin Task: Create cover of "basins" from ASCII file (aggbas.dat). Arc: generate basins Generate: input /pub/geog4103/cal_data/aggbas.dat Generate: lines Generate: input /pub/geog4103/cal_data/aggbasp.dat Generate: points Generate: q Arc: build basins Task: Create the coverage of "counties" from the ascii file (aggbas.dat and aggcoup.dat). Use a similar sequence of commands as above. Be sure to build topology. Task: Create info file (counties.inf) of population for each county. Get into info and create the items COUNTIES-ID (width=4, output width=5, and type=B), POP_COU (width=4, output width=8, type=F, and decimal places=0), and POP_AREA (width=4, output width=12, type=F, and decimal places=3). Use the ADD command to enter the population for each of the counties-id below: COUNTIES-ID POP COU 1 45000 2 28000 3 8000 4 5000 Arc: info ENTER COMMAND >DEFINE COUNTIES.INF ITEM NAME>COUNTIES-ID,4,5,B ITEM NAME>POP_COU,4,8,F,0 ITEM NAME>POP_AREA,4,12,F,3 ITEM NAME> ENTER COMMAND >ADD COUNTIES-ID> 1 2 3 4 POP_COU> 45000 28000 8000 5000 POP_AREA> (cr) COUNTIES-ID> (cr) ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP Task: Now compute the population per area in Info. List the values to make sure all is well. Task: Join the new attribute file and use info to compute the population per unit area. Arc: joinitem counties.pat counties.inf counties.pat counties-id counties-id ENTER COMMAND >SEL COUNTIES.PAT ENTER COMMAND >CALC POP_AREA = POP_COU / AREA ENTER COMMAND >LIST POP_AREA Task: Compute the intersection of the drainage basins with the counties. Arc: intersect basins counties bascou poly Task: Create new item (POP_BC) representing the population per basin-county subbasins (width=4, output width=12, type=F, and decimal places=3). Derive the population in each of these subbasins using the following Info command: CALC POP_BC = POP_AREA * AREA Arc: additem bascou.pat bascou.pat pop_bc 4 12 F 3 ENTER COMMAND >SEL BASCOU.PAT ENTER COMMAND >CALC POP_BC = POP_AREA * AREA Task: Aggregate the population to the basin for each county portion. Arc: statistics bascou.pat basins.inf basins-id Statistics: sum pop_bc (cr) n n Arc: list basins.inf Task: Join each basin agg_pop to the basins cover Arc: joinitem basins.inf basins.pat basins.pat basins-id basins-id TASK 2. Determine Distance of Each Damaged Home from San Andreas Fault Zone Task: Create a coverage with only the San Andreas Fault polygons. You should use the Arc Reselect command to pick out all the polygons with the 'San Andreas name. Task: Determine the distance from each home to the San Andreas Fault Zone using the near command. Task: Relate the distance file to the survey.pat file using the joinitem command. Task: Now find those inside the San Andreas Fault Zone and recode their distance to 0.0 using Info. Task: Compute the mean and standard deviation in distance from the San Andreas Fault Zone for those not insured, always-insured, and the new insurance purchasers after the Loma Prieta Earthquake using statistics. Task: Test for significant differences between these groups using T-Tests - Arc/Info does not have statistical analysis functions so you will have to do this by hand (or export the files to a statistical analysis package. mean(X1) - mean(X2) t = --------------------------------------- ( S1^2/(N1 - 1) + S2^2/(N2 - 2) )^1/2 S^2 = the variance, the standard deviation squared N = number of observations the degrees of freedom (i.e. df) are: df = (N1 + N2) -2 TURN IN LIST Polygon Overlay Problem What is the population of Basin #10? _____ Distances for Santa Clara County Problem Average distance of damaged homes from SSZ: ______km (when inside homes are 0.0m away from SSZ) Average distance of surveyed homes from SSZ: ______km (when inside homes are 0.0m away from SSZ) Distance from the San Andreas Fault Zone Is there a significant difference between the average distance of homes from the San Andreas Fault that were insured and those that are uninsured after Loma Prieta? _____ (Show your work, including significant levels). Null hypothesis: Mean Distance(insured) = Mean Distance(uninsured) Is there a significant difference between the average distance of uninsured versus new insurance purchasers from San Andreas Fault Zone? ____ (Show your work, including significant levels). Null hypothesis: Mean Distance(uninsured) = Mean Distance(newly insured) ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #6: Street Address Coverages and Address Matching OBJECTIVES This lab will introduce you to the concept of TIGER files and address matching. Your objectives are to 1) geocode the GIS student residences and compute summary statistics. You will also use your new knowledge of Arcplot to create maps of the Santa Clara County and Boulder, CO study area. MATERIALS The Arc coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description tiger/boutig_utm TIGER line and address coverage tiger/gisclass.dat Address locations of GIS students TASK 1. Geocode Your Residence Task: Create an address coverage with one observation - your home. Get into Info and create a file called myadd.inf with 4 items: Description INFO Definition House Number HNUM,4,5,I Street Name SNAME,25,25,C Street Sufix SSUF,10,10,C Your Name OWNER,15,15,C ENTER COMMAND >DEFINE MYADD.INF ITEM NAME>HNUM,4,5,I ITEM NAME>SNAME,25,25,C ITEM NAME>SSUF,10,10,C ITEM NAME>OWNER,15,15,C ITEM NAME> Task: Use the ADD command to enter the information for your residence. ENTER COMMAND >ADD HNUM>{House number} SNAME>{Street name} SSUF>{Street suffix} OWNER>{Ur name} 2 HNUM> ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP Task: Parse the address file to create a new itme called address Arc: addressparse myadd.inf address 1 Enter the 1st item: HNUM Enter the 2nd item: SNAME Enter the 3rd item: SSUF Enter the 4th item: Done entering item names (Y/N)? y Do you wish to use the above items (Y/N)? y Task: Geocode your residence location with the addressmatch command Arc: addressmatch myadd.inf address /pub/geog4103/tiger/boutig_utm myadd 20 TASK 2. Geocode all the GIS Student Residences Task: Create an address coverage with the address of each student. An ASCII file has been created for you containing the name, address, and city_state for each student in the GIS class. You should examine the file (gisclass.dat) to see the format of it (i.e. commas, quote, etc.). Then create an info file with three items of proper width and type character. Use the add from option in info to import the data in the ascii file directly into the info file. Task: Geocode the GIS class residences. Some of the residences will not correctly match. You should look at the gisclass.rej file in info and examine the addresses to discern why some matched and some did not. Task: Determine the UTM coordinates of the Guggenheim Geography Department. Task: Use the Geography Department location to answer the questions on the next page. TASK 3. Create a map of the Boulder Area with the Student Locations using Arcplot. The type of each linear feature (i.e. arc) in the boutig_utm coverage is listed below: Type Description A Roads B Railroad C Pipeline, transmission lines, etc. D Special Transportation (Transportation terminal, airport) E Other Physical Features F Boundaries (Zip, Statistical Boundaries) H Hydrographic Features TASK 4. Create a map of the Surveyed Homes in Santa Clara County with Arcplot TURN IN LIST Your Residence What is the UTM coordinates for your residence? __________E __________N Student Residences How many student residences correctly matched? ____ How many student residences did not correctly match? ____ List the students names whose residence would not match: __________ __________ __________ What is the UTM coordinates of the Guggenhiem Geography Department? __________E __________N Of the students whose address matched, which student lives farther (crow fly distance) from the Geography Department (precisely using the computer?) Student Name: ________________ Distance from Guggenheim _______meters Of the students whose address matched, what is the average travel distance (crow fly distance) from the Geography Department? _______meters Turn in a map of the Boulder area (you decide the spatial coverage) showing the locations of all geocoded GIS students (using Arcplot). Turn in a map of the Surveyed homeowners, Special Studies Zones, and Santa Clara County Boundary (using Arcplot). ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #7: Map Composition OBJECTIVES This lab will introduce you to the concept of using Arcplot to keep a map composition. By creating a map through map composition, you may interactively manipulate the map "elements", save the map composition, and edit the map composition later without retyping all the commands. MATERIALS The Arc coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description cal_data/sczones Fault zones (SSZs) for Santa Clara County tiger/gisclass.dat Address locations of GIS students TASK 1. Beginning the Map Composition Arcplot: display 9999 3 Arcplot: display resolution 600 Arcplot: map my_map Arcplot: pagesize 11.0 8.5 Arcplot: units page Arcplot: shadetype color Arcplot: shadecolor white Arcplot: patch [show maplimits] Arcplot: mape sc_county_utm Arcplot: linecolor rgb 128 128 128 Arcplot: shadecolor rgb 200 200 200 Arcplot: shadeput 1 Arcplot: arcs sc_county_utm Arcplot: polygonshades /pub/geog4103/cal_data/sczones 2 Arcplot: linecolor black Arcplot: polygons /pub/geog4103/cal_data/sczones Arcplot: minfo Arcplot: mselect 3 Arcplot: mdelete Arcplot: mfresh Arcplot: q Arcplot: show display resolution Arcplot: display resolution 600 Arcplot: pagesize 11.0 8.5 Arcplot: map my_map Arcplot: mselect * {use cursor to select - 9 to delete boundaries} Arcplot: mdelete Arcplot: mfresh Arcplot: mselect * {use cursor to select - 9 to delete fill} Arcplot: mape sc_county_utm Arcplot: shadecolor rgb 200 200 200 Arcplot: shadeput 1 Arcplot: polyshades sczoneint 1 Arcplot: linecolor black Arcplot: polygons sczoneint Arcplot: move * {use cursor to select area for text} Arcplot: textcolor black Arcplot: text 'My Map' Arcplot: mselect * {select text w/left button} Arcplot: mmove * {left button lower left of text - right place} Task: Plotting a map composition Arcplot: display 1040 1 Enter Output Filename: my_map.gra Arcplot: plot my_map Arcplot: q Arc: rotateplot my_map.gra my_map_90.gra Arc: arcplot Arcplot: display 1040 2 Enter Output Filename: my_map.eps Arcplot: display resolution 600 Arcplot: pagesize 8.5 11 {..} Arcplot: plot my_map_90.gra Arcplot: q Arc: &sys lpr my_map.eps Other Map Composition Commands Arcplot: mfresh Arcplot: mselect * Arcplot: mselect all Arcplot: mfit * Arcplot: mgroup * Arcplot: mmove * Arcplot: mscale sf ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #8: Analog Data Capture OBJECTIVES This lab will introduce you to the concept of using Arc/Info to capture data from a map. You will go through the process of preparing the maps, digitizing the features, editing the features, and transforming the coordinates. In the next lab, you will finish, correct the problems, and edgematch your coverages to produce a "seamless" database. MATERIALS You will need four maps. There are two themes you will digitize - hydrography and watersheds. Each theme has an east and west map portion. TASK 1. Prepare you maps Task: Mark the locations of nodes at difficult locations, such as arcs intersecting at small angles or a polygon boundary closing on itself. Label the locations of the interior label points for each polygon. Label the tic locations. TASK 2. Digitize Each Map Portion Task: The following dialogue is how to digitize the western map of hydrography. Task: Set up the digitizing tablet for Arc/Info. You will enter the configuration menu, retrieve the internal stored configuration for Arc/Info, and exit the configuration menu in three steps. 1) Using the puck, click on the "config" option in the tablet's upper left 2) Click on the "restore 3" option in the tablet's upper left 3) Click on the "config" option again Task: Digitize the tic marks Arc: ae Arcedit: &station dig Arcedit: coo dig Arcedit: create hydro_w For each tic location, use the keypad on the puck to enter the tic id #, followed by the asterisk (use the A button), and then position the puck over the tic and digitize using the "2" button. The order of entering tics is unimportant, however, you must be sure to correctly associate a tic id with its location. Task: Digitize the bounding box Digitize the corners of the boundary using the A button, first the lower left corner of the map followed by the upper right corner. Arcedit: editf arc Arcedit: add Digitize all the arcs using the "2" button to begin an arc, the "1" button for all verticies in the arc, and the "2" button to end the arc. Quit the add process using the "9" button on the puck. Task: Now digitize the eastern portion of the hydrography theme (hydro_e) using similar steps as above. Arcedit: save Arcedit: q TASK 3. Create Tic Transformation Coverages and Transform Task: Now create a cover with the UTM coordinates associated with tics. Arc: create hydro_e_utm Arc: create hydro_w_utm Arc: info ENTER COMMAND >SEL HYDRO_W_UTM.TIC ENTER COMMAND >ADD 1 IDTIC> 1 XTIC> 440000 YTIC> 4414000 2 IDTIC> 2 XTIC> 443000 YTIC> 4414000 3 IDTIC> 5 XTIC> 443000 YTIC> 4418000 4 IDTIC> 6 XTIC> 440000 YTIC> 4418000 5 IDTIC> ENTER COMMAND >LI Task : Use Info and go through a similar procedure to enter the UTM coordinates for the eastern hydrography theme. Task: Transform digitizer coordinates to UTM coordinates for each map. Arc: transform hydro_e hydro_e_utm Arc: transform hydro_w hydro_w_utm TASK 4: Clean and Edit Coverages Arc: clean hydro_e_utm hydro_e_utm # # line Arc: clean hydro_w_utm hydro_w_utm # # line Arc: ae Arcedit: &station dig Arcedit: mape "cover" Arcedit: drawe arcs node errors Arcedit: edit "cover" Arcedit: draw Arcedit: editf arcs Arcedit: coo cursor Arcedit: intersectarcs all At this point it is easiest to edit using the cursor, and the "zoom/pan" menu at the upper left corner of the screen. You should "create" a zoom window and select an area surrounding a node error. Methods for correcting dangling nodes: 1. Overshoot: this is the easiest on to correct. Select the overshoot from your zoomed window using "sel" Once selected, it should turn yellow. If not, select it again. Type "delete". The arc disappears and so does the node error symbol. 2. Undershoots. Select the undershoot. Type "extend" Locate the from point and to point (you will be prompted to do this) The arc will be extended until it meets a line. 3. Misplaced lines: Select the line. Type "move" Locate the from node and to node. The arc will move as requested. After editing, quit and clean the coverages again. TASK 5. Digitize the Watershed Coverages Following procedures similar to the ones above, digitize the watersheds on the eastern and western maps including the map boundaries. With the watersheds you will be explicitly identifying the polygon label points (for the alpine lakes you just took the default.) After digitizing the watershed boundaries type, Arcedit: ef labels Arcedit: add Enter and "8" here to get the digitizer options Enter a "1" if you need to begin at a user-id other than "1". Locate your label points with the digitizer, making sure that you have the appropriate User-ID. Enter a "9" to quit. When you clean the watershed coverages, you must use the "poly" option: Arc: clean water_e_utm water_e_utm # # poly Arc: clean water_w_utm water_w_utm # # poly Task: you must now edit the problems with the watershed coverage. These errors will be primarily noderrors. TURN IN What is the surface area of lake _________? ______hectares What id the total surface area of the alpine lakes? ______hectares Determine the frequency and surface area of lakes in each watershed: Watershed # Lakes Surface Area (hectares) _____ _____ _____ _____ Overlay the hydrography features and watershed boundaries. Examine the result and comment on your ability to digitize these features (some of which should coincide). What are the different factors that may contribute to the mismatch? _________________________________________________________ ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #9: Analog Data Capture, Part II OBJECTIVES This lab will finish the process editing the features and edgematching your coverages to produce a "seamless" database. MATERIALS You will need the same four maps of the eastern and western portions of the hydrography and watersheds. TASKS You should now have four coverages - hydro_e_utm, hydro_w_utm, water_e_utm, water_w_utm. These should be line coverages. In this lab we will join the files, and overlay them. 1. Add boundary to the water coverages, and then edit the file. 2. Join the hydro coverages. 3. Join the water coverages. 4. Check label errors for the watershed cover. 5. Conduct overlay processes. TASK 1. Add boundary and edit Arc: ae Arcedit: &station dig Arcedit: coo cursor Arcedit: mape water_e_utm Arcedit: ec water_e_utm Arcedit: ef arc Arcedit: de all Arcedit: draw Arcedit: intersectarcs all Arcedit: add Add arcs around the study area, framing it. Arcedit: save Arcedit: q Arc: clean water_e water_e # # line Do the same for the water_w_utm cover. In Arcedit, check again for any node errors, and delete them. TASK 2. Link the hydro coverages using the following commands: Arc: ae Arcedit: snapcover hydro_w_utm Arcedit: linkfeatures node node Arcedit: backc hydro_w_utm Arcedit: limitautolink box {delimit the area where links will be made} Arcedit: snapping first * {delimit circle size the links are made in} Arcedit: ef link Arcedit: autolink [Note: The links will appear in green] Zoom into the links using the "Zoom/Pan" menu, and examine them. There may be misplaced links. You will have to edit these. Arcedit: sel many Arcedit: delete When all of the links are satisfactory, continue: Arcedit: limitadjust box [Note: A green box is drawn around the adjust area] Arcedit: adjust Arcedit: sel all Arcedit: delete Arcedit: save hyd_e_adj Arcedit: q Now you will append the two coverages together using the links that were established in the Arcedit portion. Arc: append hydro Enter the 1st coverage: hydro_w_utm Enter the 2nd coverage: hyd_e_adj Enter the 3rd coverage: Done entering coverage names (Y/N)? y Do you wish to use the above coverages (Y/N)? y Arc: clean hydro hydro # # line For the hydro cover we will let Arc add polygon labels: Arc: build hydro Arc: createlabels hydro You should also retain a line coverage of the hydro, call it rivers Arc: clean hydro rivers # # line {retain river lines copy} TASK 3. Join water covers in the same fashion as the hydro covers. Clean each with the clean # # line option. TASK 4. Since we have added labels, we have to check for label errors: Arc: labelerrors watershed Polygon 1 has 0 label points. Polygon 2 has 2 label points. Label User ID: 6 Label User ID: 6 Remember the only polygon that can have no label points is polygon #1, which is the "universal polygon" In Arcedit you can delete the labels that are redundant: Arc: ae Arcedit: mape watershed Arcedit: de all Arcedit: ec watershed Arcedit: de label ids Arcedit: draw Arcedit: ef labels Arcedit: sel many Arcedit: dele Arcedit: save Arcedit: q Arc: build watershed Arc: labelerrors watershed You should only have one polygon with 0 label points: Polygon 1 Now we can overlay the coverages. We have: river (line topology) hydro (polygon topology) watershed (polygon topology) TASK 5. Overlay your two coverages in Arcedit: Arc: ae Arcedit: mape hydro Arcedit: ec watershed Arcedit: de arcs labels ids Arcedit: bc hydro 4 Arcedit: be arcs labels ids Arcedit: draw Compare the lines, thinking about what might account for the differences. TURN IN What is the total surface area of the Arapaho Lakes? ______hectares What is the total surface area of all the alpine lakes? ______hectares Determine the frequency and surface area of lakes in each watershed: Watershed # Lakes Surface Area (hectares) 0 _____ _____ 2 _____ _____ 3 _____ _____ 5 _____ _____ 6 _____ _____ Overlay the hydrography features and watershed boundaries. Examine the result and comment on your ability to digitize these features (some of which should coincide). What are the different factors that may contribute to the mismatch? __________________________________________________________________ ----=----=----=----=---- Lab #10: Introduction to Raster Data Models and Continuous Surfaces OBJECTIVES This lab will introduce you to the concept of working with geographic data represented by a raster data model. The data you will work with are three continuous elevation surfaces - a contour dataset you will be givien, a contour map you will digitize, and the USGS derived East Portal 1:24,000 topographic quadrangle. MATERIALS The Arc coverages you will work with are: Coverage Name Description dem/epor_dem.gis DEM of the "East Portal Quad" in ERDAS format contour3.e00 Coverage of contour lines in Arc/Info "export" format [Note: In Arc, you can find the syntax for a command by simply typing in the command without arguements. In Grid, you must type: usage "command". For example, if you wanted to know the use of the command "hillshade", type usage hillshade.] TASK 1. Digitize Contour Map Task: AutoCAD Users - Collect your contour data If using AutoCAD, digitize all your contours as 3-D polyline features but assign each line feature an "elevation" value that is the contour line elevation. Create a dxfout file with the appropriate number of digits precision (e.g. 1 for UTM) Task: Convert AutoCAD file into Arc form Arc: dxfarc contour.dxf contour Enter the 1st layer and options: 0 ARCS Enter the 2nd layer and options: end Do you wish to use the above layers and options (Y/N)? y The dxfarc command will create an arc coverage and an .acode info file. The .acode info file will contain the elevation attribute for each arc (i.e. dxf- elevation). Task: Build the topology for the arcs (i.e. the contour lines) with the "line" option. Arc: build contour line Task: Join .acode file with the arc coverage Arc: joinitem contour.acode contour.aat contour.aat contour-id contour-id Task: Arc/Info Users - Collect your contour data Digitize all your contours as arcs. Now add an item to the coverage called elevation that is a floating-point value. Go back into arcedit and interactively select each contour and "calc" its elevation value. Be sure to build the topology after you are finished. == Basic setup for digitizing contour lines == Arcedit: &station dig Arcedit: create contour ...enter tics and bounding area... Arcedit: ef arcs Arcedit: add Arcedit: save Arcedit: q Arc: clean contour contour # # line == End section for digitizing contour lines == Arc: additem contour.aat contour.aat elevation 4 12 F Arc: ae Arcedit: ec contour Arcedit: de arcs Arcedit: draw Arcedit: ef arcs Arcedit: sel ...point to the feature. Enter point (from digitizer)... Arcedit: calc elevation = 2800 {example, repeat for all} Task: Make sure you have given all the contour lines an appropriate elevation value. Arcedit: sel all Arcedit: list TASK 2. Contour-to-Grid Conversion For the Lab Session use contour3 and contin3 for all the examples with the already created contour lines. You will have to come back and digitize your own contour lines later. From your directory, import the coverage that is in "export" form: Arc: import auto /pub/geog4103/contour3 contour3 Task: Unit conversion Your contour lines have an elevation attribute in feet. You will need to change them to meters using Info. In Info, use the calculate command to convert the units to meters [i.e. elevation = elevation * 12 / 39.37] Arc: info ENTER USER NAME>ARC ENTER COMMAND >SEL CONTOUR3.PAT ENTER COMMAND >CALC ELEVATION = ELEVATION * 12 / 39.37 ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP Task: Convert the arc coverage of contour lines to a TIN coverage In the example below, the input coverage is contour, the TIN output coverage is contin, and the attribute in the contour coverage that represents elevation is "dxf-elevation" (if from AutoCAD files) or "elevation" (if from Arc files). The arctin command uses the term spot-item to refer to the elevation for each feature in the input coverage. Arc: arctin contour3 contin3 LINE elevation Task: Convert TIN to a Lattice Arc: tinlattice contin3 conlat3 LINEAR [Note: Notice the extreems of the data are displayed] Xmin = 200.000 Ymin = 1.730 Xmax = 400.000 Ymax = 200.000 X-extent = 200.000 Y-extent = 198.270 Enter lattice origin : 200 0 Enter lattice upper-right corner : 400 200 Enter lattice resolution : 21 The lattice you have created is in the form suitable for the GRID module. Task: Displaying the TIN and Lattice Arc: ap Arcplot: &term 9999 Arcplot: disp 9999 Arcplot: mape contin3 Arcplot: tin contin3 {display the tin edges} Arcplot: linecolor 3 Arcplot: arcs contour3 {examine the tin for flat triangles} Arcplot: latticemarkers conlat3 4 Arcplot: gridshades conlat3 {random colors} Arcplot: shadeset colorrange.shd {set the color range} Arcplot: shadecolorramp 1 256 blue red {256 colors red-blue} Arcplot: gridshades conlat3 # linear nowrap {red-blue linear} TASK 3. Compute the surface angles for the Grid Task: Comppute the slope angles and statistics Arc: grid Grid: slope_gr = slope(conlat3,percentrise) {% slope} Grid: describe slope_gr Grid: slodeg_gr = slope(conlat3) {slope in degrees} Grid: describe slodeg_gr Grid: aspdeg_gr = aspect(conlat3) {aspect in degrees} Task: Display the Grid files you have created Grid: ap mape conlat3 Grid: ap gridpaint conlat3 Grid: ap gridpaint conlat3 # linear # gray Grid: ap gridpaint slodeg_gr # linear # gray TASK 4. Create a Copy of the East Portal DEM Coverage Converting from ERDAS Arc: imagegrid /pub/geog4103/dem/epor_dem.gis epor_dem Arc: grid Task: Display the elevation surface first Grid: ap mape epor_dem Grid: ap gridpaint epor_dem Grid: gridpaint epor_dem # linear # gray Grid: shaded2 = hillshade(epor_dem,315,35,#) {sun NW at 35 deg} Grid: shaded3 = hillshade(epor_dem,135,35,#) {sun SE at 35 deg} Grid: ap gridpaint shaded3 # linear # gray Grid: ap gridpaint shaded2 # linear # gray Task: Determine some statistical characteristics of the study area You can use the describe command to find the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of the values in an elevation grid, slope grid, aspect grin, etc. Grid: describe epor_dem TASK 5. Clean-up the Files You Created Arc: kill slope_gr all Arc: kill slodeg_gr all Arc: kill aspdeg_gr all Arc: kill shaded2 all Arc: kill shaded3 all TASK 6. Compute the slope and aspect statistics for the East Portal DEM and fill in the "Turn In" sheet. TASK 7. Now go back and digitize the contour map you have been provided, construct a lattice, slope and aspect grids, and then compute the necessary statistics. Use the following minimum, maximum and cellsize values. Arc: tinlattice contin conlat LINEAR Enter lattice origin : 263480 4185200 Enter lattice upper-right corner : 267980 4188400 Enter lattice resolution : 151 TURN IN What are the following statistics for the study areas? CONLAT area EPOR DEM Minimum Elevation _______feet _______m Maximum Elevation _______feet _______m Average Elevation _______feet _______m Minimum Slope ___% ___deg ___% ___deg Maximum Slope ___% ___deg ___% ___deg Average Slope ___% ___deg ___% ___deg ----=----=----=----=---- *** From Intro to GIS (Hodgson/Kelly) Lab #11 Refine East Portal DEM Grid: list epor_dem.vat {Note 0 values. Recode 0 to NODATA} Grid: epor2_dem = select(epor_dem,'value > 0') Grid: slope_gr = slope(epor2_dem) Subset EP DEM to match study Grid: setwindow 440025 4414005 445995 4417995 Grid: status Grid: myep_dem = epor2_dem Grid: describe myep_dem Import Maggi's Hydro and Watershed Data Arc: import auto /pub/geog4103/wshed.e00 mywshed Arc: import auto /pub/geog4103/hydro.e00 myhydro Create/display DEM shaded relief Grid: shaded = hillshade(myep_dem,315,55,#) Arcplot: &term 9999 Arcplot: disp 9999 Arcplot: mape myep_dem Arcplot: gridpaint shaded # linear # gray Arcplot: linecolor 3 Arcplot: arcs mywshed Arcplot: polygonshades myhydro 4 Rastorize vector data Grid: setwindow myep_dem Grid: myhyd_line = linegrid(myhydro,#,#,#,30,nodata) Display Arcplot: gridpaint myhyd_line ...random colored lines undesireable... Grid: describe myhyd_line Grid: myhyd2_line = con(myhyd_line > 0,1,0) {all 0 or 1} Rastorize polygon in hydro and water covers using "-id" to assign Grid: setwindow myep_dem Grid: myhyd_pol = polygrid(myhydro,myhydro-id,#,#,30) Grid: mywshed_pol = polygrid(mywshed,mywshed-id,#,#,30) Display Grid: gridpaint myhyd_pol Grid: gridpaint mywshed_pol List the Value Attribute Tables of each cover Grid: list myhyd_line.vat Grid: list myhyd_pol.vat Grid: list mywshed_pol.vat ...area of feature = count (# cells) x cell size (30m x 30m)... Determine statistics in the study area Range of elevation values for each watershed Grid: tab_wshr = zonalstats(mywshed_pol,myep_dem,range) Grid: list tab_wshr Average elevation of each watershed Grid: tab_wsh = zonalstats(mywshed_pol,myep_dem) Grid: list tab_wsh Min, max, and average elevation of each lake Grid: describe myep_dem Range of elevation values for each lake Grid: tab_hydr = zonalstats(myhyd_pol,myep_dem,range) Grid: list tab_hydr Average elevation of each lake Grid: tab_hyd = zonalstats(myhyd_pol,myep_dem) Grid: list tab_hyd Highest lake? *** From Intro to GIS (Hodgson/Kelly) Lab #12 Arc: import auto /pub/geog4103/st_25m.e00 st_25m Arc: import auto /pub/geog4103/cities.e00 cities Find out projection parameters Arc: describe st_25m Arc: describe cities Generate stations cover Arc: generate stations Generate: input /pub/geog4103/stations.dat Generate: points Generate: q Arc: build stations points Create an Info File of the Precip Data ENTER COMMAND >DEFINE PRECIP.INF ITEM NAME>STATIONS-ID,4,5,B ITEM NAME>PRECIPITATION,4,8,F,2 ITEM NAME> ENTER COMMAND >ADD FROM /PUB/GEOG4103/PRECIP.DAT ENTER COMMAND >Q STOP Arc: joinitem stations.pat precip.inf stations.pat stations-id stations-id Arc: projectdefine cover stations Project: projection geographic Project: units dd Project: parameters Project the city loc into the Albers proj (everythingelse is) Arc: project cover stations stations_a Project: output Project: projection albers Project: units meters Project: parameters 1st standard parallel [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 29 30 0 2nd standard parallel [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 45 30 0 central meridian [ 0 0 0.000 ]: -96 0 0 latitude of projection's origin [ 0 0 0.000 ]: 23 0 0 false easting (meters) [ 0.00000 ]: false northing (meters) [ 0.00000 ]: Project: end Vector to Rastor conversion of covers Grid: setwindow -2360000 260000 2260000 3180000 Grid: states_pol = polygrid(st_25m,state_fips,#,#,20000) Grid: mape states_pol Grid: gridpaint states_pol Create an annual precip for same study area as lower 48 states Grid: usage idw Grid: precip_sur = idw(stations_a,precipitation,#,2,SAMPLE,6,#,20000) Grid: gridpaint precip_sur # linear # gray Using Grid "if" create grid with 1 = inside 48 states and 0 = outside Grid: usage if Grid: if (states_pol >= 1) :: inus_pol = 1 :: else inus_pol = 0 :: endif Grid: gridpaint inus_pol Grid: precip_sur_in = precip_sur * inus_pol Grid: gridpaint precip_sur_in # linear # gray Create grid of US cities with unique IDs Grid: setwindow states_pol Grid: cities_poi = pointgrid(cities,cities-id,#,#,20000,nodata) Create grid of only Mobile, AL (fungus source) ENTER COMMAND >SEL CITIES.PAT ENTER COMMAND >RES NAME EQ 'Mobile' ENTER COMMAND >LI Grid: if (cities_poi == 22349) :: mobile_poi = 1 :: endif Create surface showing Euclidean distances from Mobile, AL Grid: usage eucdistance Grid: dist_mob = eucdistance(mobile_poi,#,#,5500000,#) Grid: mape dist_mob Grid: gridpaint dist_mob # linear # gray Grid: dist_us_mob = dist_mob * inus_pol Grid: gridpaint dist_us_mob # linear # gray Distance Grid: city_mob = zonalstats(cities_poi,dist_mob,min) Modify info file to 1)join with cities and 2)display entire distance value ENTER COMMAND >SEL CITIES.PAT ENTER COMMAND >IT ENTER COMMAND >SEL CITY_MOB ENTER COMMAND >LI ENTER COMMAND >ALTER ITEM NAME>VALUE ITEM NAME>CITIES-ID ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>5 ITEM TYPE>B ITEM PROT. LEVEL> ALTERNATE ITEM NAME > ENTER KEY LEVEL> ENTER INDEX NUMBER> ENTER COMMAND >ALTER MIN DISTANCE 15 F 0 (cr)x4 ENTER COMMAND >LI Arc: joinitem city_mob cities.pat dist_city.inf cities-id cities-id Arc: items dist_city.inf Arc: list dist_city.inf Create frictional surface Grid: precip_fric = (2500 - precip_sur_in) * .000001 Create min precip barrier Grid: if (precip_sur_in > 1000) :: precip_fric2 = precip_fric :: endif Compute time from Mobile Grid: days = costdistance(mobile_poi,precip_fric2,#,#,999999,#) Need zonalstats, cities_poi for distances to cities, modify and join info again