Hannyadou's Memoranda on Ferns and Fern Allies

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#9. Dryopteris thunbergii Koidz. is an invalid name. [2008-06-29/2008-12-17]
#8. Coptodipteris is an orthographic error for Coptidopteris. [2006-11-13]
#7. Anopteraceae Doweld is not Pteridophyta. [2006-11-13]
#6. Lycopodium formosanum Herter ex Tak.Itô, a synonym of Phlegmariurus salvinioides. [2006-05-11]
#5. Dicranopteridaceae Ching (1954), an invalid family name. [2005-12-12/2006-11-13]
#4. On the axis groove of Monomelangium pullingeri. [2005-05-20/2008-03-01]
#3. Dryopteris yoroiae , correct orthography of D. yoroii Seriz. [2005-04-21]
#2. Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon new to Pref. Yamagata, Honsyû [Honshu] (northernmost habitat in Japan). [2005-02-04/2005-05-20]
#1. Diplazium cavalerii H.Christ collected in Pref. Tôkyô, Honsyû [Honshu]. [2004-12-01/2005-05-20]
References
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9. Dryopteris thunbergii Koidz. is an invalid name.

Tagawa (1959: 213) listed "Dryopteris thunbergii Koidz. B.M.T. 38: 106. 1924" as a synonym of D. bissetiana or D. pacifica, and at least two authors quoted this name as a synonym (Nakaike 1975: 236; Nakaike 2004: 88; Lu 2000: 219) . But, the name (combination) published in Koidzumi (1924) is Polystichum thunbergii does not exist in any part of that publication. "Dryopteris thunbergii Koidz." is a name listed in "Index Pteridophytorum Japonicorum" in Tagawa (1959) by error, and invalid.

Tagawa 1959: 213, as a synonym of D. bissetiana (Baker) C.Chr. or D. pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa 1959 (non H.Christ 1912)
Nakaike 1975: 236, as a synonym of D. varia var. setosa (Thunb.) Ohwi
Nakaike 2004: 88, as a synonym of D. bissetiana (Baker) C.Chr.
Lu 2000: 219, as a synonym of Dryopteris setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa

Dryopteris bissetiana (Baker) C.Chr., Index Filic.: 245. 1905. ≡ Nephrodium bissetianum Baker in J. Bot. 15: 366. 1877. — Polypodium setosum Thunb. in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 938. 1784. ≡ Polystichum setosum (Thunb.) C.Presl [Tent. Pterid.] in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 84. "1838" 1836 [seors. impr.], non Schott 1834. ≡ Dryopteris setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa in Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 7: 27. 1959, non (Blume) Kuntze 1891 nec (C.Presl) C.Chr. 1905 nec (H.Christ) Kudô 1922. ≡ Dryopteris varia var. setosa (Thunb.) Ohwi, Fl. Japan, Pterid.: 88. 1957. ≡ Dryopteris varia subsp. setosa (Thunb.) Sugim., Keys Herb. Pl. Japan 3 (Pterid.): 281 (in jap.), 405. t. 44 (593). 1966. ≡ Polystichum thunbergii Koidz. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 106. 1924 ("nom. nov.", cum descr. latin.). ≡ Dryopteris thunbergii Koidz. ex Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid.: 205. 1959, nom. inval. (pro syn.).

Note:

Dryopteris pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa (1959) is a later homonym of D. pacifica H.Christ (1912), and Dryopteris setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa (1959) is a later homonym of D. setosa (C.Presl) C.Chr. (1905) and D. setosa (H.Christ) Kudô (1922); and these two names cannot be used under ICBN.
According to the original description (compiled in Kurata & Nakaike (eds.) 1997: 350), Nephrodium bissetianum Baker (basionym of Dryopteris bissetiana (Baker) C.Chr.) has following diagnostic characters: Stipe a foot long, with black linear scales, those of the base nearly an inch long. Lamina deltoid, a foot long, tripinnate or quadrripinnatifid, memb ranous in texture, glabrous on both surfaces, the rachises clothed with black linear scales, from a bullate pale brown base, and under surface also with copious bullate scales. Scales of rachises are resembling to those of "Polypodium setosum Thunb.", bot scales of stipe base and lamina shape are resembling to those of "D. hikonensis (H.Itô) Nakaike complex" (including "Polystichum pacificum Nakai ≡ D. pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa, non H.Christ).
Li & Lu (2006) treated Dryopteris bissetiana and D. setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa as two independent species and left them in distant positions from each other. Is this treatment caused by misidentification? Or by contamination of sample(s)? Or are these two "species" really not conspecific?
Isotypus of Dryopteris pacifica H.Christ is here.

(Jun 2008 / 17 Dec 2008)

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8. Coptodipteris is an orthographic error for Coptidopteris.

Kramer (1990: 83) altered spelling of Coptidipteris as "Coptodipteris" as a synonym of Dennstaedtia. Original spelling of the genus is a compound of "Coptis" and "Pteris" (Japanese name has same meaning!), and alteration by Kramer is an error. Smith & al. (2006: 714, 730) adopt Kramer's wrong spelling.

Coptidipteris Nakai et Momose in Cytologia, Fujii Jubilee: 365. 1937; orth var. ex err: "Coptodipteris": K.U.Kramer [in K.U.Kramer et P.S.Green (eds.), Pterid. Gymn.] in Kubitzki (ed.), Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1: 83. 1990, pro syn.; A.R.Sm. et al. in Taxon 55: 714, 730. 2006.

(13 Nov 2006)

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7. Anopteraceae Doweld is not Pteridophyta.

Reveal (2006) and Smith & al. (2006: 714) list Anopteraceae Doweld as a fern family (In Smith & al. (2006: 727), Anopteraceae is treated as a synonym of Pteridaceae. However, as indicated in Reveal (2006), Anopteraceae is an angiosperm family typified by Anopterus Labil. (not Anopteris Prantl ex Diels).

(13 Nov 2006)

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#6. Lycopodium formosanum Herter ex Tak.Itô, a synonym of Phlegmariurus salvinioides.

Lycopodium formosanum is listed as a nomen nudum in Tagawa (1939: 20), in Øllgaard (1989: 46), and in Zhang (2004), and not listed in Nakaike (1996: 13). However, this name was validly published with brief japanese diagnoses in ITÔ Takeo (1928) as follows:

Note　Taiwan-yauraku-kadzura　Lycopodium formosanum W. Herter. sched. in Herb. Kew. is very similar to Lycopodium phlegmaria, but stems slender, leaves smaller, strobili short and slender; grows in depth of mountains in Arisan (= Yushan), southern and eastern Taiwan, not found in Ryukyus. (translated by Hannyadou)

Phlegmariurus salvinioides (Herter) Ching in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 122. 1982. ≡ Urostachys salvinioides Herter in Bot. Arch. 3: 18. 1923. ≡ Lycopodium salvinioides (Herter) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 20. 1939. ≡ Huperzia salvinioides (Herter) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 76. 1985. — Lycopodium formosanum Herter ex Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formosa: 412. 1911, nom. inval. (nom. nud.); Herter ex Hayta Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 131. 1914, nom. inval. (nom. nud.); Herter ex Tak.Itô, Zoku Taiwan Shokubutsu Zusetsu: 9. 1928 (cum diagn. japon.). — Urostachys formosanus Herter ex Nessel, [Bärlappgewächse: 229. 1939, nom. inval. (nom. nud.)]; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 167. 1940 (excl. fig.).

(11 Mai 2006)

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5. Dicranopteridaceae Ching (1954), an invalid family name.

Dicranopteridaceae Ching (1954) has been treated as a valid (but illegitimate) family name by Pichi Sermilli (1970: 237; 1982: 229) and Reveal (1998/2003).

Ching (1954: 94) wrote as Family 11. Dicranopteridaceae (Gleicheniaceae) 裏白科 and did not give any description, diagnosis, nor "full and direct" references. And so, Dicranopteridaceae Ching (1954) is an invalid name.

Gleicheniaceae (R.Br.) C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 70. 1825, "Gleicheniae". — Dicranopteridaceae Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 94. 1954, nom. inval. (contra Art. 32.1(c) & Art. 32.3).

(12 Dec 2005)

According to Reveal (2006), Dicranopteridaceae was validly published as follows:

Dicranopteridaceae Ching ex Doweld, Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: x. 2001.

(13 Nov 2006)

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4. On the axis groove of Monomelangium pullingeri.

Several years ago, I observed the axis groove of cultivated stock of Monomelangium pullingeri. In my observation, upper surface of costae grooved, and costa groove never decurrent to rachis groove.

Specimen: Stirps culta, 3 Mai 1992, HANNYADOU (fig. 4 & fig. 5).

Fig. 4. Monomelangium pullingeri, 3 Mai 1992, HANNYADOU [34 KB] [large image 159 KB]. Fig. 5. Junctions of costa and rachis grooves of Monomelangium pullingeri, 3 Mai 1992, HANNYADOU. [31 KB] [large image 119 KB].

The axis groove of Monomelangium pullingeri is variously described by several authors.

[1a]	Ching, 1964: 61 (in Chinese, translated by Hannyadou).	Upper surface of rachis only shallowly grooved with round edges, not interrupted at the junction of costae. Upper surface of pinna costa raised ...
[1b]	Ching, 1964: 62.	... and the costa being rounded, not grooved above, ...
[2]	Kato, 1973: 30 (in Japanese, Translated by Hannyadou).	... rachis and costae very shallowly grooved (in this point Ching, maybe based on dried specimens, took a wrong observation), and costa groove is decurrent to rachis groove.
[3]	Kato, 1977: 30.	The rachis or costa groove is usually open to admit the groove of a leaf axis of lower order. Several species with specialized simple or pinnatifid fronds such as D. subsinuatum, D. tomitaroanum, D. heterophlebium and others have a groove not open at the junction of costae or midveins. In D. subserratum, D. xiphophyllum and allied species the costae are prominently raised above with shallow grooves. The groove is generally U-shaped with a flat base (Fig. 2). Problematical ferns as D. sibiricum, D. squamigerum, D. mesosorum and D. pullingeri have a similar groove although D. pullingeri was described as having rounded costae (Ching, 1964).
[4a]	Iwatsuki, 1992: 222 (in Japanese key to genera, translated by Hannyadou).	... axis grooves are decurrent each other at the junction ...
[4b]	Iwatsuki, 1992: 252 (in Japanese, translated by Hannyadou).	Uppersurface of rachis grooved, the groove not decurrent to costa.
[5]	Kato, 1995: 195 (in the key to genera).	Grooves of costae usually decurrent to that of rachis
[6a]	Chu, 1999: 35 (in Chinese key to genera, translated by Hannyadou).	... upper sufrace of costa not grooved, ...
[6b]	Chu et He, 1999: 346 (in Chinese, translated by Hannyadou).	... under surface of rachis round, uppersurface grooved with round edges, not interrupted at the junction of costae, ...

[1a], [1b], [6a] and [6b]: Upper surface of costae not grooved. [2], [3], [4a], [5]: Upper surface of costae grooved. Costa groove decurrent to rachis groove. [4b]: Uppersurface of costae grooved. Costa groove not decurrent to rachis groove. My observation coincides with [4b].

Additional note:

Kato (1977: 26–27) wrote: The groove of the rachis and costa is open to admit the groove of the lower order leaf axis (Holttum, 1958), but not open in A. yokoscense or A. (Kuniwatsukia) cuspidatum* wichi have thin costae.

Satou (1998) has already pointed out that the rachis groove and the costa groove of Athyrium yokoscense are open to admit each other. According to Iwatsuki (1970: 183), Kuniwatsukia cuspidata also has a similar groove.

(20 Mai 2005 / 7 Mai 2006 / 1 Mar 2008)

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3. Dryopteris yoroiae , correct orthography of D. yoroii Seriz.

Dryopteris yoroiae Seriz. in J. Jap. Bot. 46: 20. f. 1b. 1971, "yoroii" (contra ICBN Art. 60.11 et Rec. 60C.1.(a)), corr. nov. ≡ Acrorumohra yoroiae (Seriz.) W.C.Shieh in J. Sci. Engin. 12: 301. 1975, "yoroii" (contra ICBN Art. 60.11 et Rec. 60C.1.(a)), corr. nov. Typus: Reiko Yoroi s.n. 8 Aug 1968. (Holotypus TNS)

Specifit epithet of this species honoured female pteridologist.

(21 Apr 2005)

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2. Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon new to Pref. Yamagata, Honsyû [Honshu] (northernmost habitat in Japan).

Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 144. 1913 (fide C.Chr., Index Filicum Suppl. 2: 31. 1917); in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 159. 1913 (fide Nakaike, Enum. Pterid. Jap., Filicales: 52. 1975; etc.).

Specimen: Stirps culta, 9 Nov 2004, Mr. NAMIKATA Takasi (ex Honsyû: Yamagata Ken, Higasi-Okitama Gun, Kawanisi Mati, Simo-komatu Kohun-gun [ex Honshu: Pref. Yamagata, Higashi-Okitama Gun, Kawanishi Machi, Shimo-komatsu Tumuli], juxta viam, ca. 38°1'N, 140°2'E, 16 Sep 2004, Mr. NAMIKATA Takasi) (fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Sphenomeris chinensis, 9 Nov 2004 [16 Sep 2004], NAMIKATA. (Diameter of 1 yen coin = 2cm) [37 KB] [large image 82 KB].

Mr. NAMIKATA collected a juvenile plant of Sphenomeris chinensis on the roadside in Kawanisi Mati, and failed to cultivate it. He kindly gave that plant to me.

(4 Feb 2005 / 20 Mai 2005)

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1. Diplazium cavalerii H.Christ collected in Pref. Tôkyô, Honsyû[Honshu].

Diplazium cavalerii H.Christ in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. 13: 114. 1904 (Apr.). — Diplazium isobasis H.Christ in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 618. 1904 (Jun.).

Specimen: Honsyû: Tôkyô To, Hatiôzi Si, Totorimati, Tama-Sinrin-Kagaku-en [Pref. Tokyo, City of Hachioji, Totorimachi, Tama-Shinrin-Kagaku-en], 13 Apr 2000, Mr. SAITOH Hiromichi (fig. 1, 2).

Fig. 1. Diplazium cavalerii, 13 Apr 2000, SAITOH. [42 KB] [large image 193 KB]. Fig. 2. Pinnae of Diplazium cavalerii, 13 Apr 2000, SAITOH. [27 KB] [large image 105 KB].

Correct name for "Diplazium mettenianum var. mettenianum" of Ohta & Takamiya (1999) is Diplazium cavalerii (fide Nakaike 2004).

Photograph 374b of Nakaike (1982, 1992) is the type specimen of Diplazium isobasis H.Christ (not the type of D. mettenianum), a later synonym of D. cavalerii H.Christ.

(According to Pacheco & Moran (1999), Diplazium cavalerii and allied species belong to Callipteris Bory.)

(1 Dec 2004 / 20 Mai 2005)

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References

CHING, Ren Chang: Systematic Arrangements of Families and Genera of Chinese Pteridophytes with Corresponding Names in Chinese. (in Chinese) In Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 93–99. 1954.
CHING, Ren Chang: On some confused genera of the family Athyriaceae. (in Chinese and English) In Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 41–84, pl. 5. 1964.
CHU, Wei-ming: ATHYRIACEAE. (in Chinese) In CHU, Wei-ming (ed.): Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 3 (2): 32–38. 1999.
CHU, Wei-ming & HE, Zhao-rong: 14. Monomelangium Hayata. (in Chinese) In CHU, Wei-ming (ed.): Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 3 (2): 346–349. t. 15 (9–12). 1999.
GREUTER, Werner (ed.): International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) adopted by the Sixteenth International Botanical Congress St Louis, Missouri, July-August 1999. [Regnum Vegetabile Volume 138]. xviii + 474 pp. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, 2000.
ITÔ, Takeo: Zoku Taiwan Shokubutsu Zusetsu. (in Japanese) 400 pp, + indices. Taiwan Shokubutsu Zusetsu Hakkôsho, 1928 (reprint: Kokusho Kankôkai, Tôkyô. 1976).
IWATSUKI, Kunio: Taxonomic Studies of Pteridopyta IX. In Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 24: 182–188. 1970.
IWATSUKI, Kunio: Ferns and Fern Allies of Japan. (in Japanese) vii + 311 pp, 196 plates. Heibonsha, Tokyo. 1992.
IWATSUKI, Kunio, YAMAZAKI, Takasi, BOUFFORD, David E. & OHBA, Hideaki (eds.): Flora of Japan Volume I, Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. xv + 302 pp. Kodansha, Tokyo. 1995.
KATO, Masahiro: Taxonomical Evaluation of the Articulated Hairs found in the Athyriaceae. (in Japanese) In Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25 (4–6): 119–125. 1973.
KATO, Masahiro: Classification of Athyrium and Allied Genera of Japan. In Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 23–40. 1977.
KATO, Masahiro: WOODSIACEAE. In IWATSUKI, Kunio, Takasi YAMAZAKI, David E. BOUFFORD & Hideaki OHBA (eds.): Flora of Japan Volume I, Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae: 195-231. 1995.
KOIDZUMI, Geniti: Contributiones ad cognitionem Florae Asiae orientalis. XI. In Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 87-114. 1924.
KURATA, Satoru & NAKAIKE, Toshiyuki (eds.): Illustrations of Pteridophytes of Japan 8. (in Japanese) (11+) 473 pp. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. 1997.
LI, Chun-Xiang & LU, Shu-Gang: Phylogenetic analysisos Dryopteridaceae based on chloropast rbcL sequences. (in Chinese) In Acta Phytotax. Sin. 44 (5): 503-515. 2006.
LU, Shugang: Dryopteris subgen. Erythrovariae (H.Ito) Fraser-Jenkins. (in Chinese) In WU, Sugong (ed.): Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 5 (1): 187–220. 2000.
NAKAIKE, Toshiyuki: Enumerato Pteridophytorum Japonicurm. Filicales ["Enumeratio Pteridophytarum Japonicarum. Filicales" (sic!)]. xii + 375 pp. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. 1975.
NAKAIKE, Toshiyuki: New Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta. 808 pp. Shibundo, Tokyo. 1982.
NAKAIKE, Toshiyuki: New Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta, Revised & Enlarged. 868 pp. Shibundo, Tokyo. 1992.
NAKAIKE, Toshiyuki: Enumeratio Pteridophytorum Japonicorum. II. Lycopdiaceae. In J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Inst., Chiba 4: 9–26. 1996.
NAKAIKE, Toshiyuki: Index to Scientific Names of japanese Pteridophytes [Journ. Nippon Fern. Club 3 (Suppl. 2)]. 207 pp. 2004.
OHTA, Noriko & TAKAMIYA, Masayuki: Taxonomic Studies of the Diplazium mettenianum Complex (Woodsiaceae; Pteridophyta) in Japan; Morphology, Cytology and Taxonomy of Plants with Normal-Shaped Spores. In J. Pl. Res. 112: 67–86. 1999.
ØLLGAARD, Benjamin: Index of the Lycopodiaceae. Biol. Skr. 34: 1–135. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen. 1989.
PACHECO, Leticia & MORAN, Robbin C.: Monograph of the neotropical species of Callipteris with anastomosing veins (Woodsiaceae). In Brittonia 51 (4): 343–388. 1999.
PICHI SERMOLLI, Rodolfo Emilio Guiseppe: A provisional cataloguie of the family names of living Pteridophytes. In Webbia 25: 219–297. 1970.
PICHI SERMOLLI, Rodolfo Emilio Guiseppe: A further contribution to the nomenclature of the families of Pteridophyta. In Webbia 35: 223–237. 1982.
REVEAL, James L.: Superfamily and Family Names: A-L (in Suprafamilial Names of Extant Vascular Plants). http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/fam/hightaxa5.html . 1998/2003.
REVEAL, James L.: A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants. http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/fam/sgnames.html . Nov 2006.
SATOU, Zyun: Keturui Zakki (4). (in Japanese) In J. Nipp. Fern. Club 3: 282–284 [3 (13): 8–10]. 1998.
SMITH, Alan R., Kathleen M. PRYER, Eric SCHUETTPELZ, Petra KORALL, Harald SCHNEIDER & Paul G. WOLF: A classification for extant ferns. In Taxon 55: 705-731. 2006.
TAGAWA, Motozi: Spicilegium Pteridographiae Asiae Orientalis 17. In Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 20–31. 1939.
TAGAWA, Motozi: Coloured Illustrations of the Japanese Pteridophyta. (in Japanese) (6+) 370 pp. Hoikusha, Osaka. 1959.
ZHANG, Libing: Huperziaceae. (in Chinese) In ZHANG, Xianchun (ed.): Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 6 (3): 1–54. t. 1–12. 2004.

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