NIRVANA

The Seattle-based grunge band Nirvana brought its brand of hard rock into the mass market and re-energized rock 'n' roll in the early 1990s. Formed in 1986 by lead singer Kurt Cobain (b. Aberdeen, Wash., 1967) and bass guitarist Krist Novoselic (b. 1965), and joined by drummer David Grohl (b. 1969) in 1989, the band was never intended to be a commercial success. Their first album, Bleach (1989), with drummer Dale Crover, was recorded on an alternative label for $606.17 and sold 35,000 copies. The next album, Nevermind (1992), moved to a commercial label and sold 10 million copies, grossing $50 million. Cobain's alienated music had touched a vast audience. Raging against everything, the lyrics--angry, disillusioned, self-mocking--admit no possibility of consolation. "Smells Like Teen Spirit," which opens with the line "Load up on guns, and bring your friends," was called the anthem of a generation. The follow-up albums Incesticide (1992) and In Utero (1993) sustained the group's success and further legitimized alternative rock. Cobain, deeply addicted to heroin, killed himself with a shotgun on Apr. 8, 1994.

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