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By Alicia Abell and Caroline Hsu,US News
The 67,000 engineers who received bachelor's degrees from U.S. universities in 2001-2002 weren't nearly enough; the United States had to import up to 25,000 foreign engineers on special visas to fill jobs, estimates William Wulf, president of the National Academy of Engineering. That's good news for graduates with master's degrees. Here's a guide to some of the most promising specialties.
Macro. Macro-level engineering involves studying large complex systems�like transportation, manufacturing, and product development�and doing the big-picture thinking on how to design, engineer, manage, or improve these systems. Almost all engineering fields need macro-level thinkers but particularly aerospace and communications. With either a broad undergraduate degree or a macro master's, students can expect higher salaries than traditional engineers.
Bioengineering/biomedical. Many of today's great medical advances�CT scans, MRIs, and artificial hearts and limbs�are engineering breakthroughs, and the demand for such technologies should continue. Opportunities in genetic engineering are increasing as well, as are jobs related to antiterrorism efforts. Since the September 11 attacks, the government has initiated many engineering-based programs aimed at the detection of biological weapons. Biomedical engineers also make some of the highest salaries in the business: an average of $62,600 to start for those with master's degrees.
Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology�engineering at the submicroscopic level�is a still-developing field that intersects with many other areas of engineering. The most common paths for those interested in nanotech are mechanical and electrical engineering.
Computer/electrical. Computer and electrical engineers, whose training gives them enormous flexibility, are in greater demand than any other type of engineer. Knowledge of electrical engineering, for instance, is essential for anyone who wants to pursue the popular fields of telecommunications and wireless technology. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that computer software engineering will be the fastest growing of all occupations until at least 2010. Computer and electrical engineers "can go into almost any industry," says Thomas Magnanti, dean of engineering at MIT. Starting salaries are around $63,000.
Nuclear. Although still a comparatively small profession, the climate for nuclear engineers is picking up. "Predictions are that new plants will be built in the next five or 10 years," says Gary Pertmer, associate dean for education at the University of Maryland School of Engineering. "Utilities are taking another look at nuclear energy as an option." But it's not just power plants. Nuclear engineers are needed for other nuclear applications in medicine and food irradiation. Many nuclear engineers work for the military and other government agencies. Energy consulting firms and utility companies are also employers. According to a 2001 survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, starting salaries for those with a master's averaged $56,299 in 2001.
Entertainment. Entertainment engineering involves creating special effects and sound-stage designs for films, concerts, theater, sporting events, computer games, and even theme parks. "Employers aren't looking for a formal academic experience; they're looking for where did you take initiative," says Jesse Schell, professor of entertainment technology at Carnegie Mellon University. Nevertheless, schools are introducing specialties in this field. Last fall, the University of Nevada-Las Vegas created the School of Entertainment Engineering and Technology to help fill a local shortage, while Carnegie Mellon has an Entertainment Technology Center aimed at both artists and engineers. The field can be difficult to break into and salaries may be lower than in other industries, but "people love this kind of work," says Geoffrey Orsak, executive director of the Institute for Engineering at Southern Methodist University.
