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Version of 12 June 1998
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2PA, Seversky
       (I-USA-A|S-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Two-seat monoplane fighter, developed in parallel with the {P-35}.
       The 2PA was offered for export. Two were acquired by the USSR,
       and twenty by Japan which used the designation {A8V} for them.
       Sweden ordered 52, but all except two were requisitioned by the
       USAAC and used as {AT-12} trainers. There was also a floatplane
       version. 
       Type: 2PA-BX
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1100hp Wright R-1830-S3C
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.20m  Height: 2.99m  Wing Area: 20.44m2
       Empty Weight: 2078kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 508km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3140km
       Armament: 5*mg 227kg
18-B, Curtiss
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       The 18-B was essentially a biplane version of the {18-T} triplane
       fighter, and was developed for the US Army. Two were built.
       Type: 18-B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Curtiss-Kirkham K-12
       Wing Span: 11.41m  Length: 7.11m  Height:   Wing Area: 28.43m2
       Empty Weight: 767kg  Max.Weight: 1300kg
       Speed: 257km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
18-T, Curtiss
       (F-USA-A-F-T-N-IL1)
       Two-seat triplane fighter, developed for the USN. The 18-T had a
       plywood monococque fuselage, which gave it unually clean lines.
       The 18-T set some records, including a top speed of 262km/h,
       and an altitude record of 10640m. But only four were built.
       Type: 18T-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Curtiss-Kirkham K-12
       Wing Span: 9.70m  Length: 7.11m  Height: 3.02m  Wing Area: 26.76m2
       Empty Weight: 898kg  Max.Weight: 1383kg
       Speed: 265km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 5.9hrs
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
39B, Aeromarine
       (F-USA-A|AS-T-B-N-IL1)
       First shipboard trainer of the USN.
       Type: 39B
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-6
       Max. Speed: 117km/h  Ceiling: 1525m  Max. Range: 440km
       Armament:
40, Aeromarine
       (I-USA-AF-UT-B-N-ILBP1)
       Two-seat biplane flying boat. Fifty delivered to USN.
       Type: 40
       Function: utility / trainer
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 130hp Aeromarine
       Speed: 129km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
--A-----------------------------------------------------------------------
A, Orenco
       (?-USA-A-T-B-N-?)
       Two-seat training biplane.
A, Wright
       (E-USA-A-TU-B-*-?1)
       The first US Army aircraft, a development of the original Wright
       Flyer biplane. 
       Type: A
       Function: observation
       Year: 1909  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 25hp Barringuad
       Speed: 71km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
A-1 Skyraider, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1)
       Large single-engined attack aircraft. The A-1 (originally designated
       {BT2D}, and later {AD}) Skyraider was designed as a single-seat attack
       aircraft to replace the less attractive {BTD}, and was much simpler
       and lighter. It was too late for WWII, but much used in Korea and
       later in Vietnam. The Skyraider was a very effective attack aircraft,
       but exhausting for the pilot. There were also multi-place versions,
       ECM and AEW aircraft, and ASW versions. Some of the 3180 Skyraiders
       built were still in combat service in 1979.
       Type: A-1H
       Function: attack
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2700hp Wright R-3350-26WA
       Wing Span: 15.25m  Length: 11.84m  Height: 4.78m  Wing Area: 37.193m2
       Empty Weight: 5429kg  Max.Weight: 11340kg
       Speed: 518km/h  Ceiling: 8685m  Range: 2116km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 3630kg
A-1, Fleetwings
       (?-USA-A-*-?-?-?1)
       Unmanned target aircraft, a type wth a 80hp engine and 20ft wing
       span.
A-2, North American
       (P-USA-AC-A|R|K-HN-N-ARW2|J1)
       Earlier known as the {AJ}, see there.
A-2, Radioplane
       (?-USA-A-*-?-?-?)
       Unmanned target aircraft.
A2D Skyshark, Douglas 
       (P-USA-AC-A-LN-N-T1)
       The XA2D-1 attack aircraft was derived from the {AD} Skyraider, with
       a T40 turboprop engine replacing the R-3350 radial of the AD. Most
       aircraft with the unreliable Allison T40 had to be cancelled, and
       the A2D was no exception.
       Type: XA2D-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1950   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 5035hp Allison XT40
       Wing Span: 15.24m  Length: 12.60m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:  Range:
       Armament:
A2F Intruder, Grumman
       (M-USA-AC-A|E|K-MN-N-J2)
       Renamed {A-6}, see there. The XA2F prototypes had swivelling
       engine nozzles, that were removed from the production version.
A2J Savage, North American
       (P-USA-AC-A-HN-N-TW2)
       Cancelled. The A2J was a development of the {AJ} with two
       Allison T40 turboprops, an engine that had to be abandoned and
       the aircraft with it.
A-3 Falcon, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-B-N-IL1)
       Development of the {O-1} observation biplane. The US Army ordered
       66 A-3As and 78 A-3Bs.
       Type: A-3
       Function: attack
       Year:   Crew:   Engines:
       Speed: 237km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 6*mg, 20*b 5lb
A-3, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-AR1)
       Unmanned aerial target version of the {N2C} trainer.
A-3 Skywarrior, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-B|E|K-HS-N-JU2)
       Carrier-borne nuclear bomber, a twin-engined, swept-wing jet
       aircraft. At the time of its introduction it was the largest
       and heaviest aircraft ever used on carriers. It was also much
       used as an electronic warfare vehicle, and by the USAF as
       the {B-66}. The ELINT version is know as the EA-3, the tanker
       version as the KA-3, and a radar test bed as the NRA-3B.
       Type: A-3B
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1954  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 4763kg P&W J57-P-10
       Wing Span: 22.10m  Length: 23.27m  Height: 6.95m  Wing Area: 75.43m2
       Empty Weight: 17876kg  Max.Weight: 37195kg
       Speed: 982km/h  Ceiling: 12495m  Range: 3220km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 5443kg
A3D Skywarrior, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-B|E|K-HS-N-JU2)
       Renamed {A-3}.
A3J Vigilante, North American
       (P-USA-AC-A|R-HS-N-J2)
       Renamed {A-5}.
A-4, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-AR1)
       Unmanned target aircraft, a conversion of the {BT-2}.
A-4, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-B-N-AR1)
       A single XA-4 was converted from an {A-3} with a
       P&W R-1340-1 engine.
A-4 Skyhawk, McDonnell Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-A-LD-N-J1)
       This small and simple tailed delta jet, originally designed as
       carrier-based (nuclear) bomber, later enjoyed a long career as
       an extremely versatile attack aircraft. Later developments
       had a large dorsal spine to make room for electronics. The A-4
       was kept in production for 22 years, and is still serving with
       some air forces. The OA-4 is a two-seat FAC version for the USMC,
       and the trainer version is known as TA-4. 2960 built.
       Type: A-4F
       Function: attack
       Year: 1966  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 41.4kN P&W J52-P-8A
       Wing Span: 8.38m  Length: 12.22m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 4536kg  Max.Weight: 11113kg
       Speed: 1100km/h  Ceiling: 14940m  Range: 3220km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 3720kg
       Type: A-4M
       Function: attack
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 5080kg P&W J52-P-408A
       Wing Span: 8.38m  Length: 12.29m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 24.15m2
       Empty Weight: 4747kg  Max.Weight: 11113kg
       Speed: 1078km/h  Ceiling: 12880m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*g20mm 4153kg
A4D Skyhawk, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-A-LD-N-J1)
       Renamed {A-4}.
A-5 Vigilante, North American
       (P-USA-AC-A|R-HS-N-J2)
       The A-5 was a very advanced supersonic attack aircraft, optimized
       for low-level attacks at high speed. It was long and angular,
       with rectangular air intakes, small, thin swept wings incorporating
       large full-span flaps, and all-moving tail surfaces. But the A-5,
       one of the biggest aircraft ever operated from a carrier, was not
       successful in its intended role as nuclear bomber, It has been claimed
       that the bomb ejection mechanism was unsatisfactory. The bomb bay was
       between the engines, and the plan was to expell the bomb rearwards,
       together with two empty fuel tanks. 63 bombers were built, but all
       but ten were converted to RA-5C reconnaissance aircraft. There were
       also 55 new RA-5Cs built. These were very effective and served
       until 1980.
       Type: RA-5C
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1964  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 79.4kN G.E. J79-GE-10
       Wing Span: 16.15m  Length: 23.32m  Height: 5.91m  Wing Area: 70.05m2
       Empty Weight: 17009kg  Max.Weight: 29937kg
       Speed: M2.1  Ceiling: 147500m  Range: 4820km
A-6 Intruder, Grumman
       (M-USA-AC-A|E|K-MN-N-J2)
       All-weather attack aircraft, entered service in 1963. The A-6 is 
       an ugly mid-wing aircraft, with side-by-side seating in a blunt 
       nose. The subsonic A-6 is a true all-wheater attack aircraft; it 
       has good range and carries a heavier load than any previous USN 
       attack aircraft. It is still in service, but near the end of its 
       career. Over 660 were built. 51 were converted to KA-6D trainers.
       The A-attack aircraft was the basis for two electronic warfare
       versions, the two-seat EA-6A and the four-seat EA-6B Prowler.
       The EA-6B carries up to five AN/ALQ-99 pods, each with two jamming
       transmitters. 
       Type: A-6E
       Function: attack
       Year: 1972  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 41.4kN P&W J52-P-8A
       Wing Span: 16.15m  Length: 16.69m  Height: 4.93m  Wing Area: 49.13m2
       Empty Weight: 12093kg  Max.Weight: 27397kg
       Speed: 1043km/h  Ceiling: 14480m  Range: 4690km
       Armament: 8165kg
       Type: EA-6B
       Task: electronic warfare
       Year: 1971  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 49.8kN P&W J52-P-408
       Wing Span: 16.15m  Length: 18.11m  Height: 4.93m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 14588kg  Max.Weight: 29485kg
       Max. Speed: 1048km/h  Ceiling: 12550m  Max. Range: 3861km
       Armament: possibly HARM-missiles.
A-7, General Aviation
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1)
       The XA-7 was an attack monoplane with open cockpits and fixed
       landing gear. It remained experimental.
       Type: XA-7
       Year: 1930  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss Conqueror
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
A-7 Corsair II, LTV
       (P-USA-A|AC-A-HS-N-J1)
       The A-7 was a very capable attack aircraft, bought by both USN
       and USAF. The design used {F-8} Crusader experience in a smaller,
       subsonic airframe. It was phased out of service recently, but
       efforts to sell upgraded versions continue. 1551 were built.  
       Type: A-7B
       Year: 1968  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 54.8kN P&W TF30-P-8
       Wing Span: 11.81m  Length: 14.05m  Height: 4.87m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 8165kg  Max.Weight: 19050kg
       Speed: M0.8  Ceiling:    Range: 4540km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 2*msl AIM-9, 9072kg
A-7 Airacobra, Bell
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-IL1)
       Unmanned target aircraft, a conversion of the {P-39} Airacobra.
       It was not built. Later some P-39s were nevertheless converted.
A-8 Shrike, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1)
       The pre-war A-8 was an early Shrike; the operational version was
       the {A-12}. The most important difference was in the engine: The
       A-8 had the 600hp Curtiss Conqueror in-line engine. 
A-9, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1)       
       The Y1A-9 was a proposed attack development of the {P-24} two-seat
       fighter. The bankrupcy of Lockheed, in 1931, intervened, and it was
       never built. It would have had a V-1570-24 engine.
A-9, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-A-HN-N-J2)
       Battlefield attack and tank-killer aircraft, competing for orders
       with the {A-10}, which won the contract. The A-9 was a large
       twin-engined shoulder-wing aircraft, with the engines installed
       under the wing roots. There was little difference between the
       performance off the A-9 and A-10. Two built.
       Type: A-9A
       Function: attack
       Year: 1974  Crew: 1 Engines: 2 * 32.2kN Avco-Lycoming F102-LD-10
       Wing Span: 17.7m  Length: 16.3m  Height: 5.2m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 837km/h Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*g30mm, 8350kg
A-10, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-?1)
       A stage in the development of the {A-12} Shrike.
A-10 Thunderbolt II, Fairchild
       (M-USA-A-A-LN-N-JF2)
       Battlefield tank-killer, heavily armoured and built around a
       powerful 30mm gun and its enormous ammunition drum. The large
       unswept wing, the two turbofan engines in pods on top of the
       fuselage, and twin tailfins are all designed to keep the A-10
       flying after suffering serious damage. The cockpit is armoured
       to resist 23mm rounds. It seems that its career is going to be
       rather short, because the USAF now prefers faster and less
       specialized aircraft for the combat support role. The USAF
       bought 727.
       Type: A-10A
       Function: attack
       Year: 1976  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 40.3kN G.E. TF34-GE-100
       Wing Span: 17.53m  Length: 16.26m  Height: 4.47m  Wing Area: 47.01m2
       Empty Weight: 11321kg  Max.Weight: 22680kg
       Speed: 805km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 4200km
       Armament: 1*g30mm, 7260kg
A-11, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-IL1)
       Version of the {P-25}/{P-30} fighter for the attack role, with an
       unsupercharged engine and racks for up to 400lb of bombs.
A-12 Shrike, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Two seat attack monoplane. The wings were braced with struts
       and wires; it had a trousered undercarriage. 46 were built.
       Type: A-12
       Function: attack
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 570kW Wright SR-1820-F52
       Wing Span: 13.41m  Length: 9.57m  Height: 2.84m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1825kg  Max.Weight: 2690kg
       Speed: 293km/h  Ceiling: 6300m  Range: 774km
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm, 220kg
A-12, General Dynamics / McDonnell Douglas
       (M-USA-AC-A-D-F-?)
       Program to replace the {A-6} with a 'stealthy' attack aircraft.
       The A-12 was a flying-wing delta without vertical fins. It was
       cancelled because of excessive cost.
A-12, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-R-LD-N-JW2)
       This 'A-12' is not an official USAF designation, but an internal
       number given by Lockheed. This was the precursor of the S{R-71}
       high-speed reconaissance aircraft, and was operated by the CIA.
A-13, Northrop
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Attack aircraft, a military version of the Northrop Gamma. The
       YA-13 was a modern low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear.
       The A-13 was better than the Curtiss {A-12}, but the USAF wanted
       another engine --- the reengined aircraft became the {A-16}. One
       YA-13 was built. 
       Type: YA-13
       Function: attack
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 735hp Wright SR-1820-F2
       Wing Span: 14.63m  Length: 8.89m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 33.72m2
       Empty Weight: 1633kg  Max.Weight: 2982kg
       Speed: 333km/h  Ceiling: 6630m  Range: 1770km
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 500kg
A-14 Shrike, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-MN-N-ARW2)
       Version of the {A-18} with 540kW Wright R-1670-5 engines.
       Fourteen built. 
A-15, Martin
       (I-USA-A-A-MN-N-ARW2)
       Attack version of the {B-10} bomber. Cancelled.
A-16, Northrop
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Attack aircraft, a re-engined development of the {A-13}. The
       twin-row R-1830 with its smaller diameter replaced the
       single-row R-1820 of the A-13. One built. The USAAF preferred
       the more developed {A-17}. 
       Type: XA-16
       Function: attack
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 950hp P&W R-1830-7
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 340km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 295kg
A-17 Nomad, Northrop / Douglas
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       This was the Northrop Gamma 2F, also known as Douglas DB-8A after
       Northrop ceased to exist in 1937. It was basically an redesigned
       and reengined {A-16}. It was a low wing monoplane, built in versions
       with fixed (A-17) and retractable (A-17A) undercarriage. The A-17
       was reliable, easy to fly and a good performer, but the USAAC did
       not really know what to do with attack aircraft. In WWII they
       were obsolete and relegated to second-line duties, except for some
       exported aircraft. 490 built.
       Type: A-17A
       Function: attack
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 825hp P&W R-1535-13
       Wing Span: 14.55m  Length: 9.65m  Height: 3.66m  Wing Area: 33.63m2
       Empty Weight: 2316kg  Max.Weight: 3421kg
       Speed: 354km/h  Ceiling: 5900m  Range: 1180km
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm, 180kg
A-18 Hornet, MDD - Northrop
       (M-USA-AC-AF-HN-N-J2)
       First the attack version of the F-18 would have been the A-18.
       Finally it was decided to assign the double designation
       F/A-18 to the aircraft. See {F-18}.
A-18 Shrike, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-A-MN-N-ARW2)
       The A-18 was a re-engined {A-14}. The A-18 and A-14 were completely
       different from the earlier {A-8}, {A-10} and {A-12} Shrike series.
       They were elegant twin-engined aircraft. 13 were built.
       Type: A-18
       Function: attack
       Year: 1934  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 440kW Wright R-1820-47
       Wing Span: 18.13m  Length: 12.9m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 5750kg
       Speed: 383km/h  Ceiling: 9120m  Range: 2575km
       Armament: 5 * mg, 297kg
A-19, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Attack aircraft developed from the Vultee V-1 transport. The
       USAAF used some as engine testbeds. Seven A-19's were built.
       Vultee had more succes with exporting the aircraft.
       Type: YA-19
       Function: attack
       Year: 1939  Crew:    Engines: 1 * 1200hp P&W R-1830-17
       Speed: 370km/h    Ceiling:       Range: 1768km
       Armament:
A-20, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-AB-HN-N-ARW2)
       Twin-engined light bomber that was built in large numbers until
       1944. The A-20 was a shoulder wing aircraft, compact and powerful.
       Numerous were sold and lend-leased to Britain and the USSR.
       In Britain the type was known as the {Boston}. The performance
       was good enough to encourage night fighter developments, called
       {Havoc} in Britain and {P-70} in the USA. 7385 were built. 
       Type: A-20G
       Function: attack
       Year: 1941  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1180kW Wright R-2600-23
       Wing Span: 18.96m  Length: 14.63m  Height: 5.36m  Wing Area: 43.20m2
       Empty Weight: 7250kg  Max.Weight: 12338kg
       Speed: 548km/h   Ceiling: 7800m  Range: 1750km
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm, 4*g*20mm, 1814kg
A-21, Boeing-Stearman
       (S-USA-A-A-?-?-?)
       Only one XA-21 was built. It flew in 1939.
A-22 Maryland, Martin
       (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2)
       This twin-engined bomber was never used by the USAF, it was
       ordered only by France and Britain. The designation A-22 was
       used for aircraft built under lend-lease contracts. The Maryland
       was a sleek bomber with a good performance, but a very cramped
       fuselage; hence the development of the {A-30} Baltimore with a
       deeper fuselage. About 450 were built.
       Type: Maryland Mk II
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 895kW P&W R-1830-S3C4G
       Wing Span: 18.69m  Length: 14.22m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 50.03m2
       Empty Weight: 5086kg  Max.Weight: 7624kg
       Speed: 447km/h  Ceiling: 7925m  Range: 1738km
       Armament: 6*mg7.7mm
A-24 Banshee, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Army version of the {SBD} Dauntless dive-bomber. The USAF used
       948 of the 5937 Dauntlesses built. The A-24, A-24A and A-24B
       corresponded to the SBD-3, SBD-4, and SBD-5.
A-25 Shrike, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       This was the USAAF version of the {SB2C} dive-bomber. The
       design of the SB2C had been delayed by adapting it the USAAF
       service; but most of the production of the land-based Helldiver
       version went to the USMC, as the SB2C-1A. Only a few entered
       service with the USAAF.
A-26 Invader, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2)
       The A-26 was a twin-engined bomber and attack aircraft. A
       nightfighter version, the one-off XA-26A, was not ordered into
       production. The Invader was fast and powerful, exceeding the
       USAAF specifications by a wide margin. Participation in WII was
       small, but the USAF used them until 1961, including combat in
       Korea. They were redesignated B-26 from 1948 onwards, and later
       modernised to B-26K 'Counter Invader' COIN aircraft, usually
       with heavy forward-firing armament. In 1977 six airforces still
       used the Invader. 2502 built.
       Type: A-26B
       Function: attack
       Year: 1944  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1470kW P&W R-2800-27
       Wing Span: 21.34m  Length: 15.24m  Height: 5.64m  Wing Area: 50.17m2
       Empty Weight: 10365kg  Max.Weight: 15876kg
       Speed: 571km/h   Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 2900km
       Armament: 8 to 16 mg 12.7mm, 2725kg
       Type: B-26K
       Function: attack
       Year: 1965  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * P&W R-2800-103W
       Wing Span: 21.34m  Length: 15.60m  Height: 5.60m  Wing Area: 50.17m2
       Empty Weight: 10748kg  Max.Weight: 19677kg
       Speed: 587km/h  Ceiling: 6555m  Range: 2140km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7m 5443kg
A-27, North American
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Attack version of the {T-6} trainer. 41 were built.
       Type: A-27
       Function: attack
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 550kW Wright R-1820-75
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 8.84m  Height: 3.71m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 2050kg  Max.Weight: 3040kg
       Speed: 402km/h at 3505m  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 1290km
       Armament: 3 * mg7.7mm, 181kg
A-28 Hudson, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       Designation used for earlier versions of the {A-29} with
       P&W Wasp engines, instead of the Wright Cyclones in the
       A-29.
A-29 Hudson, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       The Hudson was a military version of the Lockheed 14 Electra.
       As a bomber it was not very successful, and it was mainly used
       as naval patrol and ASW aircraft. Many were used by the British
       forces. 
       Type: A-29
       Function: attack / reconaissance
       Year: 1939  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 880kW Wright R-1820-87
       Wing Span: 19.96m  Length: 13.51m  Height: 3.63m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 5817kg  Max.Weight: 9526kg
       Speed: 407km/h at 4600m  Ceiling: 8080m  Range: 4500km
       Armament: 7*mg 7.7mm, 726kg
A-30 Baltimore, Martin
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       This was a development of the {A-22} Maryland with a deeper
       fuselage. It was developed for and only used by Britain.
       1575 were built.
       Type: Baltimore Mk. IV
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1941  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1238kW Wright R-2600-10
       Wing Span: 18.69m  Length: 14.80m  Height: 5.41m  Wing Area: 50.03m2
       Empty Weight: 7013kg  Max.Weight: 10251kg
       Speed: 491km/h  Ceiling: 7100m  Range: 1700km
       Armament: 6-8*mg7.7mm 6-2*mg7.62mm 907kg
A-31 Vengeance, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Dive bomber. Also known as the {A-35}, see there.
A-32, Brewster
       (S-USA-A-A-MN-N-AR1)
       The XA-32 was a Brewster-designed attack aircraft, a mid-wing
       type with an internal bomb bay. The prototype had the R-2800
       engine, but it could take the R-4360. It did not enter
       production.
A-33, Northrop
       (I-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Version of the {A-17}; originally built to Peruvian orders.
       Type: A-33
       Function: attack
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1200hp Wright GR-1820-G205A
       Speed: 424km/h   Ceiling: 9760m  Range: 1465km
       Armament: 6*mg, 818kg b.
A-34 Buccaneer, Brewster
       (S-USA-A-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       USAAF version of the {SB2A} dive bomber. Cancelled.
A-35 Vengeance, Northrop
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       The Vengeance dive bomber was built in two versions: The {A-31} was
       built to British specifications and the A-35 to US specifications.
       The Vengeance was more or less ignored by the air forces that had
       ordered it. The British sent most of theirs to Burma -- a war
       theatre that they considered to be of little importance -- where
       the Vengeance proved to be a capable aircraft. 1931 were built.
       Type: A-35A
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1942  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1250kW Wright R-2600-13
       Wing Span: 14.63m  Length: 12.12m  Height: 4.67m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 4672kg  Max.Weight: 7439kg
       Speed: 449km/h at 4100m  Ceiling: 6800m  Range: 3220km
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm, 907kg
A-36 Apache, North American
       (S-USA-A-AF-LN-N-IL1)
       This was the dive-bomber version of the {P-51} Mustang. The
       USAAF bought this version first, but full priority was later
       given to the fighter version, and no more than 500 A-36's
       were built. It was unofficially known as 'Invader'.
       Type: A-36A
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 850kW Allison V-1710-F3R
       Wing Span: 11.29m  Length:   Height: 3.72m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 630km/h  Ceiling: 9150m  Range: 700km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm, 900kg
A-37 Dragonfly, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-A-LN-N-J2)
       The little {T-37} jet trainer was developed into the A-37 attack
       aircraft, with more powerful engines and carrying an impressive
       weapons load for such a small aircraft. 577 were built new, and
       39 were converted from T-37 airframes. 
       Type: A-37B
       Function: attack
       Year: 1967  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 12.7kN G.E. J85-GE-17A
       Wing Span: 10.93m  Length: 8.62m  Height: 2.71m  Wing Area: 17.98m2
       Empty Weight: 2817kg  Max.Weight: 6350kg
       Speed: 843km/h  Ceiling: 12730m  Range: 1630km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 2450kg
A-37, Hughes
       (S-USA-A-A-HN-T-ARW2)
       The Hughes DX-2 was a wooden attack aircraft built by Howard
       Hughes, who allowed no photographs and kept its performance
       secret. In the end it was destroyed by fire, in typically
       mysterious circumstances. One built.
       Type: XA-37
       Function: attack
       Year: 1943  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1470kW P&W R-2800
       Wing Span: 18.40m  Length: 13.11m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 12760kg
       Speed: 697km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
A-38 Grizzly, Beechcraft
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-ARW2)
       The XA-38 was a powerful twin-engined attack aircraft. It had
       clean lines and powerful engines, impressive performance and
       excellent handling. A 75mm T15E1 cannon protruded from the nose. 
       Two fixed machineguns were also in the nose, four more were in
       two remote-controlled turrets. But when the A-38 was ready there
       was little need for more attack aircraft, and the {B-29} had
       priority for R-3350 engines. Only two XA-38s were built.
       Type: XA-38
       Function: attack
       Year: 1944  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1715kW Wright R-3350-43
       Wing Span: 20.52m  Length: 15.77m  Height: 4.72m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 10185kg  Max.Weight: 15975kg
       Speed: 605km/h  Ceiling: 8840m  Range: 2615km
       Armament: 1*g75mm 6*mg12.7mm 1070kg
A-41, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-A-?N-N-AR1)
       The A-41 was a big single-seat attack aircraft. Although it was
       evaluated by the USAAF and USN, the A-41 was too late for service
       in WWII. One built.
       Type: XA-41
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3000h P&W XR-4360-9
       Wing Span: 16.46m  Length: 14.83m  Height: 4.42m  Wing Area: 50.54m2
       Empty Weight: 6049kg  Max.Weight: 10971kg
       Speed: 583km/h  Ceiling: 8230m  Range:
       Armament: 4*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm 2900kg
A-42 Skymaster, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ILP2)
       Also known as the {B-42}.
A-43 Blackhawk, Curtiss
       (P-USA-A-A-MN-N-JU4)
       Never built, but developed into the X{F-87} Nighthawk.
A-44, Consolidated Vultee
       (P-USA-A-B-*-?-?)
       Renamed X{B-53}. Not built.
A-45, Martin
       (P-USA-A-B|R-MS-N-J3)
       Renamed X{B-51}.
A-57, Martin
       (P-USA-A-B|R-MN-N-JW2|JW2&JU2)
       Renamed {B-57}.
AC-1, de Havilland Canada
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       Original US Army designation for the de Havilland Canada DHC-4. This
       was the only designation in the "aircraft, cargo" series ever used. 
       The aircraft was later known as the C{V-2} and still later as the {C-7}.
AC-2, de Havilland Canada
       (P-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       Renamed {V-7} and later {C-8}, the DHC-5 Buffalo.
AD Skyraider, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1)
       Renamed {A-1}, see there.
AE, Piper
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Ambulance aircraft. It had an earlier designation {HE}, see there.
AF Guardian, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-MN-N-AR1)
       Successor to the {TBF} Avenger, originally designated TB2F. The AF
       was a rectangular low-wing a aircraft, that would have looked sleek
       without its enormous tail surfaces. The AF was first designed with
       a jet engine in the tail, but this was removed before the aircraft
       entered production because it caused to much trouble and the role
       changed from attack to ASW. AF's operated in hunter-killer pairs,
       one searching submarines with its AN/APS-20 radar, the other
       carrying armament.
       Type: AF-2S
       Function: ASW / attack
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1765kW P&W R-2800-48W
       Wing Span: 18.49m  Length: 13.21m  Height: 4.93m  Wing Area: 52.02m2
       Empty Weight: 6613kg  Max.Weight: 11567kg
       Speed: 510km/h   Ceiling: 9900m  Range: 2410km
       Armament: 1814kg
AH, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-A-LS-N-J2)
       Attack aircraft; nothing more than a stage in the development of
       the {F-4} Phantom II. Never built.
AH Triad, Curtiss
       (E-USA-AS-UR-B-*-?)
       Curtiss float biplane, Navy version of the Army's model E.
       Type: AH
       Task: observation
       Year: 1911  Crew:   Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
AJ Savage, North American
       (P-USA-AC-A-HN-N-ARW2&J1)
       The AJ was a large carrier bomber, with one jet engine in the
       tail and two radial engines. 140 were built. There was also a
       photo-reconaissance version, and later they were used as
       tankers. 
       Type: AJ-1
       Task: bomber
       Year: 1949  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 2400hp P&W R-2800-44W
                                    1 * Allison J33-A-10
       Max. Speed: 759km/h  Ceiling: 13100m  Max. Range: 3798km
       Armament: 
AM Mauler, Martin
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1)
       The AM, originally designated {BTM}, was a large single-seat
       shipboard attack aircraft. There was also an electronic warfare
       version, the AM-1Q. The AM had been designed as a simpler
       alternative to the Curtiss {BTC} and Douglas {BTD}, and it was
       a better aircraft than these. Nevertheless it was overshadowed
       by the even simpler and lighter {AD} Skyraider. In addition, the
       tail structure was too weak. 151 built.
       Type: AM-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2235kW P&W R-4360-4
       Wing Span: 15.24m  Length: 12.55m  Height: 5.13m  Wing Area: 46.08m2
       Empty Weight: 6577kg  Max.Weight: 10608kg
       Max. Speed: 591km/h  Ceiling: 9295m  Max. Range: 2895km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 2041kg
AO-1 Mohawk, Grumman
       (P-USA-A-AR-MN-N-TW2)
       Renamed O{V-1}.
AO-1, Atlantic
       (?-USA-A-R-?-?-?)
       Observation aircraft.
AO-2 Inflatoplane, Goodyear
       (P-USA-*-X-N-N-?)
       This was a two-seat aircraft of inflatable, rubberized material.
       It was powered by a 65hp Culloch 4318E engine. One was bought
       by the USAF. 
AO-3, Goodyear
       (P-USA-*-X-N-N-?)
       A single-seat development of the {AO-2}, with a 44hp Nelson H63A
       engine. Five were built for the USAF. 
AP-1, Seversky
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Factory designation of the {P-35}.
AP-2, Seversky
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {AP-1}, alias {P-35} with a new,
       inward-retracting undercarriage. The advantages were
       minimal. One built.
AP-4, Seversky
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Factory designation for the prototype of the {P-43}. 
AP-7, Seversky
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {AP-1} or {P-35} with some detail improvements.
       Later it was fitted with a new wing. One built. 
AS, Aeromarine
       (?-USA-AS-F-?-?-?)
       Seaplane fighter.
AT-1, Huff-Daland
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       Biplane trainer of the 1921-1925 period. The AT-1 had formerly been
       designated {TA-2}, {TA-6} or {TW-5}.
AT-3, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Trainer version of the {PW-9} fighter with a 140hp Wright E-4
       engine. 1926, one built.
AT-4, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Trainer version of the {P-1} fighter.
       Type: AT-4
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1926  Crew:   Engines: 1 * Wright-Hispano V-720
       Max. Speed: 133mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 535mls
       Armament:
AT-5, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Development of the {AT-4}.
       Type: AT-5
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1926  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 220hp Wright R-970-1
       Max. Speed: 125mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 488mls
       Armament:
AT-6 Texan, North American
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Advanced trainer. The AT-6 was a  low-wing aircraft with a
       typical rectangular wing, with a swept outboard leading edge.
       The AT-6 was the most famous WWII trainer and continued in
       service for a long time. Related types were the {BC-1}, {BT-9},
       {BT-14}, {SNJ}, {SN2J}, {P-64} and {A-27}. Later it was renamed
       {T-6}. Total production of this trainer family was 21342. Many
       are still flying, and the South African Air Force used the type
       until 1995! 
       Type: AT-6G
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340-AN-1
       Max. Speed: 335km/h  Ceiling: 7400m  Max. Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2 * mg12.7mm
AT-7, Beechcraft
       (S-USA-A|AS-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navigational trainer version of the Beech 18. See also {C-45}
       and {AT-11}. The USQF bought 1141.
AT-8, Cessna
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Precursor of {AT-17}. The AT-8 was a standard Curtiss T-50,
       while the AT-17 was a militarized version of the same aircraft.
       The USAAC ordered 33.
AT-9 Jeep, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Twin-engined trainer. 791 were built. 
       Type: AT-9
       Task: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 209kW Lycoming R-680-9
       Max. Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2 seats.
AT-10 Wichita, Beechcraft
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Twin-engined trainer, a small low-wing monoplane. Built almost
       entirely from wood, and that even including the fuel tanks.
       1171 were built.
       Type: AT-10
       Function: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 280hp Lycoming R-680-9
       Speed: 317km/h   Ceiling: 5155m  Range: 1232km
       Armament:
AT-11 Kansan, Beech
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Trainer for bomber crews developed from the {C-45}. The AT-11
       distinguished itself from the {AT-7} by its new, transparent
       nose, a gun turret and bomb racks. 1560 were built. 
       Type: AT-11
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1940  Crew: 6  Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1
       Max. Speed: 346km/h  Ceiling: 6100m  Max. Range: 1368km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b454kg
AT-12 Guardsman, Republic
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Trainer version of the {2-PA} two-seat fighter-bomber, itself a
       two-seat development of the {P-35} single-seat fighter. The
       2-PA had been built for Sweden, but most were not delivered
       because of an embargo. They were used as AT-12 trainers by
       the USAAC, that acquired 50. 
       Type: AT-12
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1939   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1050hp P&W R-1830-45
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 8.43m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2918kg 
       Speed: 498km/h  Ceiling: 8535m  Range: 1930km
       Armament: 4*;g7.62mm, 227kg
AT-13, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-?W2)
       Precursor of the {AT-21}.
AT-14, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-?W2)
       Precursor of the {AT-21}.
AT-15  Crewmaker, Boeing-Stearman
       (S-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Trainer. 1942, two built.
AT-16, Noorduyn
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       The North American N.A.77 Texan, a version of the {AT-6}.
AT-17, Cessna
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Trainer version of the Curtiss T-50 low-wing, twin-engined light
       transport, that was known as the U{C-78} Bobcat in military service.
       Production of the AT-17, AT-17A and AT-17B was 1139. There were also
       some AT-17C communication trainers.
       Type: AT-17
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1942  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 180kW Jacobs R-775-9
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 10.00m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2582kg
       Max. Speed: 314km/h  Ceiling: 6700m  Max. Range: 1200km
       Load: 4 seats.
AT-18, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-ARW2)
       Trainer version of the Lockheed {A-29} Hudson.
AT-19, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AR1)
       Designation given to trainer versions of the U{C-81} Reliant,
       ordered for lend-lease to the Royal Navy. The type was also
       known as the {L-5} Sentinel. 
AT-20, Federal
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AIW2)
       American version of the British Avro {Anson}. It was powered by
       two 330hp Jacobs L-6BM engines.
AT-21 Gunner, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-AIW2)
       Twin-engined trainer built from plastified wood, looking
       like a small bomber with a nose gun and a top turret.
       Production ended in 1944 after only 175 had been
       completed. 
       Type: AT-21
       Task: gunnery trainer
       Year:    Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 450hp Ranger V-770-15
       Wing Span: 16m  Length: 11.6m  Height: 4m  Wing Area: 35.1m2
       Empty Weight: 3930kg  Max.Weight: 5124kg
       Max. Speed: 360km/h  Ceiling: 6760m  Max. Range: 1460km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
AT-22, Consolidated
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-ARW4)
       Training version of the {B-24} Liberator.
AT-23, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-ARW2)
       Target tug version of the {B-26} Marauder.
AT-24, North American
       (S-USA-A-T-MN-N-ARW2)
       Training version of the {B-25} Mitchell.
AT-29, Convair
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Training version of the Convair 240. Later renamed {T-29}.
AU, Vought
       (P-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Attack bomber developed form the {F4U} Corsair, originally named 
       XF4U-6. It had an engine rated for low altitudes and additional
       armor. The additional weight of the AU exarbecated the handling
       problems of the F4U. 110 were built.
       Type: AU-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1952  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2100kW R-2800-83WA
       Speed: 720km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 1325km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 10*r12.7cm 2*726kg b.
--B---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B, Orenco
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1|IL1)
       Biplane fighter, a wooden aircraft powered by a rotary engine.
       Production was abandoned because the US military decided to equip
       its aviation units with European types.
       Type: Orenco B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape
       Wing Span: 7.92m  Length: 5.74m  Height: 2.23m  Wing Area: 16.72m2
       Empty Weight: 424kg  Max.Weight: 587kg
       Max. Speed: 212km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
B, Sturtevant
       (S-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Single-seat fighter. The Sturtevant B was a sequiplane with a welded
       steel tube structure and a very unusual wing bracing configuration.
       During the first flight of the first of four production aircraft,
       the tail control surfaces failed. The aircraft crashed and
       development was abandoned. Two built.
       Type: B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 4 * 140hp Sturtevant A5
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
B-1, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL2)
       Twin-engined biplane bomber, adapted from the single-engined {HB-1}.
       One built.
       Type: XB-1B
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1927  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-5 Conqueror
       Wing Span: 85ft  Length: 62ft  Height: 19ft 3in  Wing Area: 1604ft2
       Empty Weight: 9462lb  Max.Weight: 17039lb
       Speed: 117mph  Ceiling: 15000ft  Range: 700mls
       Armament: 6*mg7.7mm
B-1, Rockwell
       (M-USA-A-B-LS-N-JU4)
       The variable geometry B-1 bomber was designed as the successor for
       the elderly {B-52}. The B-1A was cancelled, partly because the high-
       flying bomber was obsolete, and partly for political reasons. The
       B-1B Lancer version, more optimized for low-altitude attacks and
       stealth, is now built in small numbers. 
       Type: B-1B
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1986  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 13600kg G.E. F101-GE-11
       Wing Span: 41.67m/23.84m  Length: 44.81m  Height: 10.36m
       Wing Area: 181.16m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 216364kg
       Speed: 1275km/h  Ceiling: 14600m  Range: 12000km
       Armament: 29030kgs
B-2 Spirit, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-B-S-F-JW4)
       The B-2 will probably only be built in small numbers (currently
       21 have been ordered), because the cost of replacing all the old
       {B-52}'s is considered to be far too high. The B-2 is a stealth
       bomber, a flying wing design with a smooth, rounded upper surfaces,
       but angular wingtips and a double-W trailing edge. The four engines
       are deeply buried in the midwing section. The B-2 is difficult
       and expensive to operate, with 124 maintenance hours per flight
       hour. 
       Type: B-2
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1988  Crew: 3  Engines: 4 * 8620kg General-Electric F118-GE-100
       Wing Span: 52.43m  Length: 21.03m  Height: 5.18m  Wing Area: 465.5m2
       Empty Weight: 45360kg  Max.Weight: 181437kg
       Speed: 1010km/h  Ceiling: 16765m  Range: 12225km
       Armament: 22680kg
B-2 Condor, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILW2)
       Twin-engined biplane night bomber, the standard bomber of the USAAC
       for a short time. It was developed from the {MB-2} or {NBS}, and
       built of steel tubing with fabric covering. 13 were built.
       Type: B-2
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1550
       Speed: 211km/h  Ceiling: 5215m  Range: 1288km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
B2G, Great Lakes
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1)
       The XB2G-1 dive bomber prototype was offered to the USN in 1934.
       It was a biplane with closed cockpits and retractable landing
       gear. The B2G was bulky and slow. It was rejected by the USN.
       One built.
       Type: XB2G-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1936  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 559kW R-1535-82
       Wing Span: 10.97  Length: 8.80m  Height: 3.38m  Wing Area: 35.67m2
       Empty Weight: 1927kg  Max.Weight: 3085kg
       Speed: 319km/h  Ceiling: 5945m  Range: 
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 227kg
B-3, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2)
       Twin-engined biplane bomber, the former {LB-10}. 36 built.
       Type: B-3A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1930  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 525hp P&W R-1690-3
       Wing Span: 74ft 8in Length: 48ft 10in Height: 15ft 9in
       Wing Area: 1145ft2
       Empty Weight: 7705lb  Max.Weight: 12952lb
       Speed: 114mph  Ceiling: 12700ft  Range: 860mls
       Armament: 2500lb 3*mg7.7mm
B-4, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2)
       Twin-engined biplane bomber, very similar to the B-3. Former
       {LB-13}. 30 built.
       Type: B-4A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1932  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 575hp P&W R-1860-7 Hornet
       Wing Span: 74ft 8in  Length: 48ft 10in  Height: 15ft 9in  Wing Area: 1145ft2
       Empty Weight: 7951lb  Max.Weight: 13209lb
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling: 4267m  Range: 1376km
       Armament: 3*mg 1134kg
B-5, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-?2)
       Twin-engined biplane bomber. 44 built. 1930.
B-6 Panther, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2)
       Twin-engined biplane bomber. 44 built. The B-6 only differed from
       the {B-4} by its Wright R-1820 Cyclone engines, and it was actually
       delivered before the B-4.
       Type: B-6A
       Function:  bomber
       Year: 1932  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright Cyclone
       Speed: 194km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1320km
       Armament: 4*mg7.62mm 2150lb b.
B-7, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-B-HN-N-ILU2)
       Bomber development of the twin-engined {O-36} observation aircraft.
       Eight built. The B-7 was the first US monoplane bomber to enter
       service. It was a gull-winged aircraft; the engines were fitted
       underwing, and the landing gear was fixed. It never never entered
       series production, because it was already obsolete. They did carry
       air mail for some time, and four aircraft were lost in that.
       Type: Y1B-7
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1933  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 640hp Curtiss V-1570-33
       Wing Span: 65ft  Length: 45ft 11in  Height: 11ft 7in
       Wing Area: 621.2ft2
       Empty Weight: 5519lb  Max.Weight: 11177lb
       Speed: 182mph  Ceiling: 20400ft Range: 632mls
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 1200lb
B-8, General Aviation
       (I-USA-A-B-?-?-IL2)
       Twin-engined bomber developed from the {O-27} recce aircraft.
       Only one was built, because the B-7 had better performance.
       Type: XB-8
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1931  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-23
       Wing Span: 64ft  Length: 47ft  Height: 11ft 6in  Wing Area: 619ft2
       Empty Weight: 6861lb  Max.Weight: 10545lb
       Speed: 160mph  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
B-9, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2)
       Monoplane bomber. The B-9 was a mix of the new, a cantilever
       monoplane, with the old: open cockpits and fixed landing gear.
       Martin quickly designed a better bomber, the {B-10}. Seven B-9s
       were built.
       Type: Y1B-9A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1931  Crew: 7  Engines: 2 * 447kW P&W SR-1860-11
       Wing Span: 23.42m  Length: 15.77m  Height: 3.66m  Wing Area: 88.63m2
       Empty Weight: 4056kg  Max.Weight: 6495kg
       Speed: 299km/h  Ceiling: 6325m  Range: 870km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 1025kg
B-10, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       The B-10, a monoplane bomber with retractable landing gear,
       enclosed cockpits and good streamlining, outpaced the contempary
       biplane fighters and revolutionized bomber design. It did away with
       the ugly box-like designs that were common in the 20's. The B-10
       was powered by the R-1820; aircraft powered by the R-1690 were
       known as {B-12}s. Its period of superiority was brief, because it
       was soon overtaken by even more advanced designs. Some exported
       aircraft saw combat in WWII, mostly in the Dutch East Indies.
       Type: B-10B
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1934  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 578kW Wright R-1820-33
       Wing Span: 21.49m  Length: 13.64m  Height: 4.70m  Wing Area: 62.99m2
       Empty Weight: 4391kg  Max.Weight: 7439kg
       Speed: 343km/h  Ceiling: 7375m  Range: 1995km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 1025kg
B-11, Douglas
       (I-USA-AF-*-HN-N-ARO2)
       Only one YB-11 was built. The aircraft was also known as the
       Y{OA-5} or {O-44}. Despite its B-series designation, the B-11
       amphibian did not carry bombs. It was intended as a lead aircraft
       for bomber formations. The concept was soon out of favour again,
       and it was completed as an observation aircraft.
B-12, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       Version of {B-10} with P&W R-1690 Hornet engines.
B-13, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       Projected version of the {B-10} with P&W R-1860 engines.
       Cancelled. 1933.
B-14, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       Development of the {B-10} with 950hp P&W XR-1830-9 engines. Only
       one was built.
B-15, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       The big XB-15 was designed as a long-range bomber, originally
       named XBLR-1. This was a bold attempt, both in its size
       and in its design. But the XB-15 was underpowered, too slow
       and too vulnerable, partly because the desired engines were
       unavailable. One built. It was later converted to the X{C-105}
       transport.
       Type: XB-15
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1937  Crew: 10  Engines: 4 *746kW P&W R-1830-11
       Wing Span: 45.42m  Length: 26.7m  Height: 5.51m  Wing Area: 258.26m2
       Empty Weight: 17105kg  Max.Weight: 41713kg
       Speed: 314km/h Ceiling: 5760m  Range: 8260km
       Armament: 3600kg
B-16, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-N-T-IL4&ILP2)
       The B-16 was a 1935 bomber project for a long-range bomber,
       with twin tail booms and six Allison V-1710 engines, four
       tractor engines and two pushers. Cancelled.
B-17 Flying Fortress, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW4)
       The four-engined B-17 was designed as a heavily-armed, long-range
       medium bomber. It became the mainstay of the USAF bomber offensive
       over Europe. The B-17 had a long range, and was easy to fly except
       when -- as was often the case -- it was overloaded; but its
       bomb-carrying capacity on long range was very limited. Even the
       13 machine guns of the B-17G were not enough to fight off enemy
       fighters, but on the other hand the B-17 could have a lot of hits
       and still bring its crew home. Some B-17 Flying Fortress bombers
       were stripped of armament and used as CB-17 transports. 12731
       built.
       Type: B-17G
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 12  Engines: 4 * 880kW Wright R-1820-97
       Wing Span: 31.62m  Length: 22.66m  Height: 5.82m  Wing Area: 131.92m2
       Empty Weight: 16391kg  Max.Weight: 29710kg
       Speed: 462km/h  Ceiling: 10850m  Range: 3160miles
       Armament: 13*mg12.7mm, 9453kg
B-18 Bolo, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       Medium bomber developed from the DC-2, with a new fuselage,
       but DC-2 wings and tail. The new fuselage was deeper, with a
       forward-sloping glazed nose. Obsolete when WWII began, most
       were used for anti-submarine patrols in the Carribean, with
       MAD detectors.
       Type: B-18A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1937  Crew: 6  Engines: 2 * 740kW Wright R-1820-53
       Wing Span: 27.28m  Length: 17.63m  Height: 4.62m  Wing Area: 89.65m2
       Empty Weight: 7403kg  Max.Weight: 12552kg
       Speed: 346km/h  Ceiling: 7285m  Range: 1900km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm, 2950kg
B-19, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW4)
       The huge XB-19 long-range bomber was a too demanding concept
       for the technology of its time. It was underpowered and too
       vulnerable. Only one was built. The XB-19A was, despite its
       B-letter, a freighter conversion of the bomber prototype. The
       R-3350 engines were replaced with Allison V-3420's, all armament
       was removed, and the fuselage rearranged.
       Type: XB-19
       Function: bomber
       Year:    Crew: 16  Engines: 4 * 2000hp Wright R-3350-5
       Wing Span: 64.62m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 73480kg
       Speed: 360km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*g37mm, 5*mg12.7mm, 6*mg7.62mm, 16830kg
B-20, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       Development of the {B-15} with more powerful R-2180 engines.
       Proposed in 1937, cancelled.
B-21 Dragon, North American
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       The XB-21 was the first bomber of North American. It was a mid-wing
       monoplane with performance similar to the {B-18}, but almost
       twice as expensive; so the USAAC chose the B-18. One built.
       Type: XB-21
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1936  Crew: 6  Engines: 2 * 1200hp P&W R-2180-1 Twin Hornet
       Wing Span: 95ft  Length: 61ft 9in  Height: 14ft 9in
       Wing Area: 1120ft2
       Empty Weight: 19082lb  Max.Weight: 40000lb
       Speed: 220mph  Ceiling: 25000ft  Range: 3100mls
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
B-22, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       A development of the {B-18} with Wright R-2600 engines. Cancelled in
       favour of the {B-23}. 1938.
B-23 Dragon, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2)
       Development of the {B-18}, radically changed with a new fuselage
       and DC-3 wings. Only 38 were built, because it was inferior to
       the {B-17}, {B-25} and {B-26}. After brief service as patrol
       aircraft and trainers, most were converted to U{C-67} transports.
       About 40 were built. 
       Type: B-23
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940 Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 1180kW Wright R-2600-3
       Wing Span: 28.04m  Length: 17.80m  Height: 5.63m  Wing Area: 92.25m2
       Empty Weight: 8659kg  Max.Weight: 14659kg
       Speed: 454km/h  Ceiling: 9630m  Range: 2340km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm, 1*mg12.7mm, 1996kg
B-24 Liberator, Consolidated
       (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW4)
       The big and complicated B-24 was the most built US aircraft of WWII.
       The B-24 was more difficult to fly than the {B-17}, especially at
       high altitude, and although it was designed later it did not have
       a much better performance. But it was efficient and had longer
       range, due to the slender 'Davis' wing. Its range made it much
       in demand for naval patrol tasks. The B-17 was often claimed to
       be sturdier and more reliable, but the B-24 actually suffered fewer
       losses. Some Liberators were stripped of their equipment and
       armament and used as transports called CB-24. 19256 built.
       Type: B-24D-85-CO
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1942  Crew: 10  Engines: 4 * 1200hp P&W R-1830-43
       Wing Span: 33.52m  Length: 20.22m  Height: 5.46m  Wing Area: 97.36m2
       Empty Weight: 15413kg  Max.Weight: 27216kg
       Speed: 488km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 9-11*mg12.7mm 3629kg
       Type: B-24J
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 12  Engines: 4 * 895kW P&W R-1830-65
       Wing Span: 33.53m  Length: 29.47m  Height: 5.49m  Wing Area: 97.36m2
       Empty Weight: 16556kg  Max.Weight: 32296kg
       Speed: 467km/h  Ceiling: 8535m  Range: 3380km
       Armament: 10*mg12.7mm, 5806kg
B-25 Mitchell, North American
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       The most built and used medium bomber of the war, a shoulder-wing
       monoplane. The B-25 was easily recognizable: The inboard sections
       of the wing had dihedral, but the outboard sections not, and the
       B-25 had twin fins. Some versions had a glazed nose for the
       bombardier, while others had a metal nose filled with machine guns
       or even a 75mm cannon. The 'Doolittle raid' on Tokyo made the B-25
       famous. B-25s lend-leased to the USSR continued their service there
       after WWII, and had the NATO reporting name 'Bank'. 9816 built.
       Type: B-25J
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 6  Engines: 2 * 1250kW Wright R-2600-29
       Wing Span: 20.60m  Length: 16.13m  Height: 4.98m  Wing Area: 56.67m2
       Empty Weight: 8836kg  Max.Weight: 15876kg
       Speed: 438km/h  Ceiling: 7375m  Range: 2170km
       Armament: 13*mg12.7mm, 1800kg
B-26 Invader, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2)
       The {A-26} was renamed B-26K after the retirement of the
       Martin {B-26}. Later it was for a brief period again the
       A-26, for political reasons.
B-26 Marauder, Martin
       (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2)
       The B-26 was a twin-engined bomber with a streamlined fuselage of
       circular cross-section and a relatively small shoulder wing. The
       B-26 was difficult to handle, because of its high wing loading, but
       had high performance. Initial accident rates were high, but later
       the B-26 proved to be a safe and effective aircraft. With the
       {B-25} it formed the US medium bomber forces in WWII. 4863 built.
       Type: B-26G
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1944  Crew: 7  Engines: 2 * 1470kW Pratt & Whitney R-2800-43
       Wing Span: 21.64m  Length: 17.09m  Height: 6.20m  Wing Area: 61.13m2
       Empty Weight: 11476kg  Max.Weight: 17327kg
       Speed: 455km/h   Ceiling: 6050m  Range: 1770km
       Armament: 11*mg12.7mm, 1814kg
B-27, Martin
       (S-USA-A-B-?-?-?)
       This was the Martin M-182 bomber. Cancelled. 1940.
B-28, North American
       (S-USA-A-B-?N-N-ARW2)
       Twin-engined high-altitude bomber with pressurised cockpits.
       The XB-28 was very advanced, and much of its technology was
       used in the {B-29}. But there was little operational need for it,
       so it did not enter production. 
       Type: XB-28
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1942 Crew:   Engines: 2 * P&W R-2800
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
B-29 Superfortress, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       The B-29 heavy bomber set new standards in performance, armament
       and range. It was used only in the Pacific, finally dropping the
       A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the war it became the main
       means of delivery for nuclear bombs. The USSR copied it as the
       {Tu-4}. The KB-29 was the tanker version of the B-29, the SB-29 the
       search & rescue version, carrying a lifeboat; the DB-29 was a drone
       controller, the TB-29 a trainer, the RB-29 a reconaissance aircraft.
       Some B-29s were also used as launch aircraft for research aircraft
       like the {X-1} and {X-2}. 3970 were built. The type was developed
       into the more powerful {B-50}. 
       Type: B-29A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 10  Engines: 4 * 1600kW Wrigth R-3350-23
       Wing Span: 43.05m  Length: 30.18m  Height: 9.02m  Wing Area: 161.27m2
       Empty Weight: 31815kg  Max.Weight: 56245kg
       Speed: 575km/h   Ceiling: 9710m  Range: 5230km
       Armament: 1*g20mm, 12*mg12.7mm, 9072kg
B-30, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-B-?N-N-ARW4)
       Project only. Bomber version of the Lockheed Constellation.
       Type: XB-30
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 2200hp Wright GR-3350-13
       Speed: 380mph  Ceiling:  Range:
       Armament: Five gun turrets.
B-31, Douglas
       (?-USA-A-B-?-?-?)
       Project only.
B-32 Dominator, Convair
       (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW4)
       The B-32 was designed to compete with the {B-29}. After the
       latter was selected by the USAAF, the B-32 was completed as
       a less sophisticated alternative to the B-29. Cabin pressurisation
       and remote-controlled turrets were abandoned. Neverthless, it
       was ready later than the B-29, and only 15 entered combat service.
       It was a dissapointing aircraft. 118 built.
       Type: B-32
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1945  Crew: 8  Engines: 4 * 1641kW Wright R-3350-23
       Wing Span: 41.15m  Length: 25.32m  Height: 10.06m  Wing Area: 132.10m2
       Empty Weight: 27339kg  Max.Weight: 50576kg
       Speed: 576km/h  Ceiling: 10670m  Range: 6115km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 4*mg12.7mm, 9072kg
B-33 Super Marauder, Martin
       (S-USA-A-B-?N-N-?4)
       A four-engined bomber, designed in 1942. It was cancelled to free
       engineering capacity for the {B-35}, but the failure of the
       cooperation between Martin and Northrop only contributed to the
       demise of the B-35. 
B-34 Lexington, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       USAAF version of the {PV} Harpoon/Ventura.
B-35  Flying Wing, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-B-S-F-ARW4)
       The first of the Northrop flying wing bombers. The B-35 was
       designed as an intercontinental bomber, competing with the
       {B-36}. It was powered by four large radial engines, installed
       within the wing. Development was protracted, mainly because
       Northrop was overstretched, and the B-35 was doomed to be
       obsolescent before it could enter production. Therefore the
       USAF cancelled the production of the B-35, and ordered the
       prototypes as test vehicles to assist in the development of
       the jet-engined {B-49} derivative, which looked more promising.
       Only 15 were built, and most never flew. The engine installation
       was always unreliable. 
       Type: XB-35
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1946  Crew: 9  Engines: 4 * 2200kW P&W R-4360-17/21
       Wing Span: 52.4m  Length: 16.18m  Height: 6.10m  Wing Area: 418m2
       Empty Weight: 27735kg  Max.Weight: 46940kg
       Speed: 630km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 16100km
       Armament: 16*mg12.7mm, 18700kg
B-36, Convair
       (P-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARPW6|ARPW6&JU4)
       The B-36 never saw action, but was the mainstay of the SAC for
       some time. Designed for intercontinental missions, it was the
       largest bomber ever built. The B-36 had a large cylindrical
       fuselage and six pusher props on a huge wing with slight
       sweepback. Later four additional jet engines were fitted near
       the tips. The RB-36 was a reconaissance version, including
       a number of stripped high-altitude models. The GRB-36 was
       modified to carry a R{F-84}K reconaissance jet, half in its bomb
       bay, and the single NB-36 carried a nuclear reactor, to study
       its behaviour at high altitude. 
       Type: B-36J
       Year: 1953  Crew: 16  Engines: 6 * 2835kW P&W R-4360-53
                                      4 * 2360kg G.E. J47-GE-19
       Wing Span: 70.10m  Length: 49.40m  Height: 14.22m  Wing Area: 443.32m2
       Empty Weight: 77580kg  Max.Weight: 185973kg
       Speed: 661km/h  Ceiling: 12160m  Range: 12070km
       Armament: 16*g20mm, 39009kg
B-37 Ventura, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       Development of the {B-34}, with two 1250kW P&W R-2600-31 engines. 
B-38, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-B-LN-N-ILW4)
       The XB-38 was a modified {B-17}E with Allison 1425hp V-1710 engines.
       It offered only a marginal performance improvement. One built.
B-39, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ILW4)
       The XB-39 was a {B-29} reengined with 1910kW Allison V-4320 engines.
       One built.
B-40, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-ARW4)
       Twenty-one {B-17}E's were converted to YB-40 escort gunships with
       fourteen .50 guns. The concept was a failure: the heavy escort
       ships couldn't keep up with the empty bombers on the return flight.
B-41, Consolidated 
       (S-USA-A-F-HN-N-ARW4)
       The XB-41 was a gunship conversion of the {B-24}D with 15 .50 guns.
       One built.
B-42 Mixmaster, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ILP2)
       The XB-42 was a clean mid-wing attack bomber, driven by two large
       contrarotating pusher props at the extreme tail, behind the the
       tailplanes. Two were built. Development was continued in jet-engined
       {B-43} form.
       Type: XB-42
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1942  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1725hp Allison V-1710-25
       Speed: 660km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 8046km
       Armament: 907kg, 4*mg12.7mm
B-43, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-J2)
       The XB-43 was a jet-engined development of the X{B-42}. Two were
       built.
       Type: XB-43
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1946  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1814kg G.E. TG-180
       Speed: 830km/h Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3480kg
B-44, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       The XB-44 was a development of the {B-29} with P&W R-4360 engines.
       It was the precursor of the {B-50}. Three were built.
B-45 Tornado, North American
       (P-USA-A-B|R-HN-N-JW4)
       This was the first USAF jet bomber in active service. The B-45 was
       a conventional straight-wing aircraft; the only innovation were the
       engines. A gondola under each wing contained two jet engines. There
       was also a RB-45 reconaissance version, in which the transparent
       nose was replaced by a 'solid' one with an 'eye' for the camera.
       Additional fuel was carried in wing tip tanks. 
       Type: B-45
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1950  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 2360kg G.E. J47-GE-13/15
       Speed: 932km/h Ceiling: 13170m   Range: 3075km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 18698kg
       Type: RB-45C
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1950  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 2720kg P&W J47-GE-13
       Wing Span: 29.26m  Length: 23.14m  Height: 7.67m  Wing Area: 109.16m2
       Empty Weight: 22672kg  Max.Weight: 50222kg
       Max. Speed: 917km/h  Ceiling: 12770m  Max. Range: 4070km
       Armament:
B-46, Convair 
       (P-USA-A-B-HN-N-JW4)
       The XB-46 was a straight-wing jet bomber. It was sleek, graceful,
       and too slow. The {B-47} was preferred.  One built.
       Type: XB-46
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1947  Crew: 3  Engines: 4 * 1800kg G.E. J35-C3
       Speed: 877km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 10000kg
B-47 Stratojet, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-B|R-HS-N-JU6)
       The B-47 broke new ground with it highly swept wings, clean
       fuselage, and neatly podded engines. Much used by the SAC in
       the '50-'60 period. Its main deficiency was the limited range:
       the B-47 couldn't attack the USSR from US bases without air
       refuelling. It was also used for reconaissance as the RB-47 or
       EB-47. The RB-47H was recognizable from canoe pods under the
       fuselage, the others looked more like standard B-47s.
       Type: B-47E
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1951  Crew: 3  Engines: 6 * 3266kg G.E. J47-GE-25
       Wing Span: 35.36m  Length: 33.48m  Height: 8.51m  Wing Area: 132.66m2
       Empty Weight: 36630kg  Max.Weight: 89893kg
       Speed: 975km/h  Ceiling: 12350m  Range: 6440km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 9072kg
B-48, Martin
       (P-USA-A-B-HN-N-JW6)
       The only claim to fame the ungraceful XB-48 could make is being
       the first six-engined jet bomber. The XB-48 was a straight-wing
       design, wich carried its six engines in three closely grouped
       nacelles under each wing. Only two were built.
       Type: XB-48
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1947  Crew: 3  Engines: 6 * 1700kg Allison J35-A-A
       Wing Span: 33.02m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 830km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 9072kg
B-49, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-B|R-S-F-JW4|JW4&JU2)
       The YB-49 was a rebuilt {B-35} flying wing bomber with eight
       jet engines. This improved performance and eliminated the
       enormous problems with the radial engines and pusher propellers,
       but because of the increased fuel consumption both range and bomb
       load were reduced. Small bomb bays and marginal stability
       nevertheless made it a less suitable bomber. The {B-47} made
       the B-49 obsolete, and only two were built. A last chance for
       the flying wing design was the YRB-49, a six-engined reconnaissance
       bomber, with two engines in underwing nacelles to increase the
       volume available for fuel. But the RB-49 offered no real
       advantages over the B-47 and the new {B-52}, and production
       was cancelled before the single YRB-49 flew. 
       Type: YB-49
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1946  Crew: 7  Engines: 8 * 1800kg Allison J35-A-15
       Wing Span: 52.43m  Length: 16.18m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 418m2
       Empty Weight: 40425kg  Max.Weight: 96867kg
       Speed: 689km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
       Type: YRB-49A
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1950  Crew: 6  Engines: 6 * Allison J35-A-19
       Wing Span: 52.43m  Length: 16.18m  Height:   Wing Area: 418m2
       Empty Weight: 38100kg  Max.Weight: 93442kg
       Speed: 613km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
B-50 Superfortress, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       The B-50 was a refined post-war development of the {B-29}. More
       powerful R-4360 engines replaced the R-3350. A lighter, stronger
       wing and a larger, folding tailfin were used. Of course there
       were also RB-50 reconaissance and KB-50 tanker versions. Later
       KB-50s were given additional power in the form of two J47-GE-23
       jet engines. 370 were built. 
       Type: B-50D
       Year: 1945  Crew: 11  Engines: 4 * 2575kW P&W R-4360-35
       Speed: 640km/h   Ceiling: 11580m  Range: 7880km
       Armament: 13*mg12.7mm, 12700kg
B-51, Martin
       (P-USA-A-B|R-MS-N-J3)
       The XB-51 pioneered with variable incidence wings, a T-tail, and a
       rotary bomb bay. Maybe too much pioneering, because the B-51
       remained a prototype.
       Type: XB-51
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1949  Crew: 2  Engines: 3 * 2350kg G.E. J47-GE-13
       Speed: 1040km/h Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 4700kg
B-52 Stratofortress, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-B|R|X-HS-N-JU8)
       The B-52 is an intercontinental jet bomber, with a large and
       flexible swept wing, a fuselage incorporating enormous bomb
       bays, and eight engines in pairs of two. Later the B-52 was
       modified to carry stand-off missiles, including the large
       'Hound Dog', on pylons under the wing. The 'Big Belly'
       modification enabled it to carry huge loads of conventional
       bombs. The B-52 saw combat dropping conventional bombs in Vietnam
       and lately in the Gulf. Increasingly vulnerable in a modern combat
       environment, the B-52 still offers unique bomb-carrying capacity;
       several plans to replace it were found to be too costly. It entered
       service in 1955 and will probably stay until at least 2000! The
       B-52 also played a role with NASA as launch aircraft, carrying into
       air the {X-15} and others. The B-52 also was employed for recce
       tasks as the RB-52.
       Type: B-52D
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 6  Engines: 8 * P&W J57-P-29WA
       Wing Span: 56.39m  Length: 47.73m  Height: 14.72m  Wing Area: 371.60m2
       Empty Weight: 85730kg  Max.Weight: 204120kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 11860km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm, 108 bombs (500lb GP)
       Type: B-52H
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1955  Crew: 6  Engines: 8 * 75.6kN P&W TF-33-P-3
       Wing Span: 56.39m  Length: 49.05m  Height: 12.40m  Wing Area: 371.60m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: +221353kg
       Speed: 957km/h  Ceiling: 16765m   Range: 16093km
       Armament: 1*g20mm, 22680kg (20*msl AGM-69 SRAM)
B-53, Convair
       (P-USA-A-B-*-?-?)
       Jet bomber with forward swept wings. Never built.
B-54, Boeing 
       (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       Development of the {B-50}, also called B-50C.
B-55, Boeing 
       (P-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       Development of the {B-50}. Never built.
B-56, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-B|R-HS-N-?)
       Also known as the YB-47C project, a reengined version of the
       {B-47}.
B-57 Intruder, Martin
       (P-USA-A-B|R-MN-N-JW2|JW2&JU2)
       US development of the English Electric {Canberra}, a highly
       successful straight-wing jet bomber. The B-57 was especially
       used as night intruder aircraft, painted high-gloss black.
       Just like its British counterpart the B-57 was developed into
       high-flying spy versions. The normal span of 19.5m was extended
       to 32.3m for the RB-57D and 37.32m for the RB-57F. The latter
       also had two additional engines below its two P&W TF33's. There
       was also an EB-57.
       Type: B-57G
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1955  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 3275kg Wright J65-5
       Speed: 937km/h   Ceiling: 14500m  Range: 3380km
       Armament: 2270kg
       Type: RB-57D
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1955  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 4990kg P&W J-57-P-5
       Max. Speed: 936km/h  Ceiling: 14630m  Max. Range: 3700km
       Armament:
B-58 Hustler, Convair
       (P-USA-A-B-MD-N-JU4)
       The B-58 was a supersonic jet bomber. The B-58 had a large, thin
       delta wing, a sleek area-ruled fuselage, and four J79 engine on
       pylons under the delta wing. The wing and much of the fuselage
       were filled with 41350 liters of fuel. For efficiency and range,
       it carried the bombs and more fuel in a jettisonable large pod
       under the fuselage, with a cross-section larger than than of its
       fuselage. Several types of pod were used, including one that could
       be dropped in two sections. A too short range and excessive
       operating costs brought an early end to the B-58's service
       life. Production began with no less than 30 pre-series YB-58s,
       followed by 86 standard B-58As. One NB-58 engine testbed and 
       eight TB-58 trainers were built. 116 built.
       Type: B-58A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1959  Crew: 3  Engines: 4 * 7076kg G.E. J79-GE-5A
       Wing Span: 17.32m  Length: 29.49m  Height: 9.58m  Wing Area: 143.25m2
       Empty Weight: 25202kg  Max.Weight: 73936kg
       Speed: 2229km/h  Ceiling: 18290m  Range: 3219km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 8823kg
B-59, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-B-?-?-?)
       Boeing model 701, not built.
B-60, Convair
       (M-USA-A-B-HS-N-JU8)
       Sweptwing jet-engined development of the {B-36}. Proved inferior to
       the {B-52}.
       Type: YB-60
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1952  Crew: 10  Engines: 8 *
       Speed: 805km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 10*g20mm, 32000kg
B-61 Matador, Martin
       (P-USA-A-*-HS-N-J1)
       A cruise missile. B-61 was an unmanned shoulder-wing aircraft
       with a T-tail, launched from a zero-length launcher under
       rocket power. It was powered by a Allison J33 engine. Range
       was about 800km. Over 1000 entered service, later under the new
       designation TM-61. 
B-62 Snark, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-*-HS-N-J1)
       A cruise missile, later renamed SM-62. Snark was effectively a
       pilotless bomber, the first intercontinental missile program.
       It was powered by a single P&W J57 jet engine, and took off
       under the power of two boost rockets. Snark was subsonice, and
       was in service for about four years. 
B-63 Rascal, Bell 
       This 'B' number was probably reserved for the GAM-63 Rascal
       missile, but never actually used. 
B-64 Navaho, North American
       A cruise missile. Missiles are not the subject of this document,
       but Navaho is worth mentioning. Navaho was designed to fly at
       speeds over Mach 3 at 18300m altitude, powered by two Curtiss-
       Wright RJ47 ramjets. The vertical take-off was under power
       of three rocket engines. Navaho was 29m long, weighed over 131
       metric tons at launch, and had a range of 10200km. Navaho never
       entered service, but helped develop the technology for the
       ballistic missiles that replaced it.
B-65 Atlas, Convair
       Intercontinental ballistic missile. Atlas was a 1 1/2 stage
       vehicle, the first-generation ICBM of the USA. Later the Atlas
       missile was used as a launcher for space programmes.
B-66 Destroyer, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-B|R|E-HS-N-JU2)
       The B-66 was the USAF version of the USN's {A-3}, a much-modified
       aircraft. One change for the worse was the replacement of the J57
       engine by the less satisfactory J71. The USAF used only 72 of its
       294 B-66's as bombers, because fighter-bombers were more effective
       and less vulnerable. Most B-66s became electronic warfare and ELINT
       platforms. There were also some WB-66 wheater aircraft. They often
       escorted attack or bomber units during the Vietnam war. 
       Type: RB-66B
       Function: ELINT aircraft
       Year: 1956  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 4627kg Allison J71-A-11
       Wing Span: 22.10m  Length: 22.90m  Height: 7.19m  Wing Area: 72.46m2
       Empty Weight: 19720kg  Max.Weight: 37648kg
       Speed: 1015km/h  Ceiling: 11855m  Range: 1489km
       Armament: 2*g20mm
B-67 Crossbow, Radioplane
       Number set aside for the GAM-67 missile. 
B-68, Martin
       (P-USA-A-B-D-?-J3)
       This seem to have been assigned to a three-engined delta-winged
       jet bomber designed by Martin, which was never built. There are
       reports that it was also used for the SM-68 Titan missile. 
B-69 Neptune, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW2TW2)
       USAF version of the {P2V} Neptune.
B-70 Valkyrie, North American
       (P-USA-A-B-LD-N-JU6)
       The B-70 was a high-flying Mach 3 bomber, intended to replace 
       the {B-52}. It was a canarded delta wing aircraft, designed to 
       'ride' on the shock wave contained between the lower fuselage 
       and its movable, downturned wingtips. Because of kinetic heating 
       at high speed, the B-70 was built from titanium and steel 
       honeycomb parts. The advent of surface-to-aircraft missiles made 
       the high-flying bomber obsolete. Two were built, as two-seat
       research aircraft.
       Type: XB-70A
       Year: 1969  Crew: 4  Engines: 6 * 14060kg G.E. YJ93-GE-3
       Wing Span: 105ft  Length: 185ft  Height: 30ft 8in  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 231215lb  Max.Weight: 534792lb
       Speed: 3200km/h  Ceiling: 24400m  Range: 12070km
       Armament:
B-72, McDonnell
       The Quail missile. This is an ECM-carrying decoy, intended to
       reduce the vulnerability of the B-52. 
B-75, Douglas
       The Thor missile.
B-76, Martin
       The Mace missile, a development of Matador (See {B-61}.) but
       bigger, with more fuel and a larger warhead. It served from
       1959 to 1966.
B-77, Rockwell
       The Hounddog missile. Hounddog was derived from the {X-10} test
       vehicle for the Navaho ({B-64}) program. It was powered by a J52
       engine, and carried underwing by {B-52} bombers.
B-78, Redstone
       The Jupiter ballistic missile. Redstone arsenal missiles were
       designed by a team lead by Werner von Braun. Jupiter saw only
       limited service. 
B-80, Boeing
       The Minuteman missile, a three-stage ICBM that since the mid-6s
       is the main land-based ICBM in the US inventory.
B-83, Martin
       The Bullpup missile. This was one of the first tactical air-to-
       surface missiles. Developed during the Korean war, Bullpup was a
       cheap and simple weapon. In Vietnam Bullpup was not very
       effective: Its short range brought the launch aircraft within
       range of the defenses. 
B-87, Douglas
       The Skybolt missile, a air-launched ballistic missile that was
       cancelled in 1961. 
B-901, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW2)
       Renamed {B-9}. Numbers in the 900 series indicated that the
       aircraft, although used by the USAF, had been built as a
       private venture. 
B-906, Ford
       (I-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARU2&AR1)
       One XB-906 experimental bomber version of the Ford Trimotor.
B-907, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       Monoplane bomber prototype. The original XB-907 had open cockpits
       and SR-1820-E engines. After modifications, the XB-907 became the
       prototype for the {B-10} bomber.
BC, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       The letters BC meant 'Curtiss Battleplane'. It was an attractive
       two-seat biplane fighter, with a very narrow wing gap and a
       plywood monococque fuselage. Handling characteristics were
       extremely poor, and the BC was abandoned after the prototype
       crashed.
       Type: BC
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 425hp Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 11.98m  Length: 8.25m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1622kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
BC-1, North American
       (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Basic Combat 1, a designation given to early versions of the
       {AT-6}. Later they were all renamed AT-6. The BC-1 had the
       fabric-covered aft fuselage and outer wing panels of the
       {BT-9}. The BC-1A or AT-6A introduced stressed skin
       construction througout.
BC-2, North American
       (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       ?
BC-3, Vultee
       (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       ?
BC-11, North American
       (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Designation given to some {BC-1}s, that were converted to
       instrument trainers.
BD, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-AB-HN-N-ARW2)
       Navy version of the {A-20}. The USN received on BD-1 and
       eight BD-2s.
BF2C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-FB-B-N-AR1)
       Fighter-bomber, final development of the long series of Curtiss
       Hawk fighter biplanes. The XBF2C-1 prototype was initially the
       XF11C-3, a derivative of the {F11C} fighter with retractable
       landing gear. It was the last Curtiss fighter in service with
       the USN. It was in service for less than a year, because of
       serious problems with engine vibration at cruise power. Export
       versions reverted to a wooden wing structure to cure this problem;
       the most important user was China, that ordered 102 so-called
       Hawk IIIs, of which 90 were locally assembled. 
       Type: BF2C-1
       Function: fighter / bomber
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 550kW Wright R-1820-F53
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.01m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 24.34m2
       Empty Weight: 1529kg  Max.Weight: 2066kg
       Speed: 370km/h  Ceiling: 8300m  Range: 1280km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 4*b52kg, 1*b215kg
BFB, Boeing 
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       The XBFB-1 was soon renamed X{F6B}-1.
BFC Goshawk, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-FB-B-N-AR1)
       Prototypes and initial production of the {F11C}, while the later
       F11C-3 with retractable undercarriage was renamed {BF2C}. 
BG, Great Lakes
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1)
       Carrier dive bomber, developed from the {TG}. A biplane with 
       fixed landing gear and open cockpits. 61 built. 
       Type: BG-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1934  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 550kW P&W R-1535
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length:   Height: 3.35m  Wing Area: 35.67m2
       Empty Weight: 1770kg  Max.Weight: 2880kg
       Speed: 302km/h  Ceiling: 6125m  Range: 885km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 1*b454kg
BK, Kaiser-Fleetwing
       (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1)
       Redesignated {BTK} after the ability to carry torpedoes was added
       to the design.
BLR-1, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW4)
       The XBLR-1 (the designation stood for Bomber, Long Range) was also
       known as the X{B-15}.
BLR-2, Douglas 
       (I-USA-A-B-LN-N-ARW4)
       Also known as the X{B-19}.
BM, Martin
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1)
       Dive-bomber, the first of the US Navy. Originally the type was
       known as the X{T5M}-1. 33 were built.
       Type: BM-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 385kW P&W R-1690-22
       Speed: 233km/h   Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 645km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm, 450kg
Boeing 767
       (M-USA-A-C|E-LS-N-JU2)
       Twin-engined jet airliner. Some 767 are being converted to AWACS
       aircraft for the JASDF, to be delivered in 1998 and 1999.
BQ-1, Fleetwing
       (?-USA-A-*-?-?-AIW2)
       Radio-controlled flying bomb. Two in-line air-cooled engines.
BQ-2, Fleetwing 
       (?-USA-A-*-?-?-ARW2)
       Version of the {BQ-1} with radial engines.
BQ-3, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-*-MN-N-AIW2)
       Radio-controlled version of the {AT-21}. 1814kg explosives.
BQ-4, Interstate
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       USAAF version of the {TDR}.
BQ-5, Interstate 
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-AIW2)
       {BQ-4} with Franklin O-805 engines. Cancelled.
BQ-6, Interstate 
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       {BQ-4} with Wright R-975 engines. Cancelled.
BQ-7 Aphrodite, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW4)
       Unmanned version of the {B-17}. The flight-deck roof was cut
       away, equipment removed, radio-controls installed and it was
       loaded with 9072kg Torpex. Eight operational missions were flown.
       Results were poor. 
BQ-8, Consolidated 
       (S-USA-A-*-HN-N-ARW4)
       Unmanned version of the {B-24}. The BQ-8 was loaded with 11340kg
       Torpex explosives. The eldest brother of John F. Kennedy was
       killed when one exploded prematurely.
BT, Northrop / Douglas
       (I-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1)
       The BT-1 was a monoplane dive bomber, built by Northrop. It had
       rather vicious handling characteristics and no provision for wing
       folding. The USN ordered 54, but then switched to the {SB2U}. When
       Northrop was dissolved, Douglas developed the XBT-2 into the {SBD}.
       Type: BT-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1938  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 825hp P&W R-1535-94
       Wing Span: 12.65m  Length: 9.65m  Height: 3.81m  Wing Area: 29.63m2
       Empty Weight: 2029kg  Max.Weight: 3209kg
       Speed: 357km/h at 2895m  Ceiling: 7710m  Range: 1850km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 454kg
BT-1, Douglas 
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Trainer modification of the {O-2}. 
BT-2, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Trainer modification of the 31 {O-32}'s built.
       Type: BT-2B
       Task: trainer
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-1340-11
       Wing Span: 12.19m  Length: 9.50m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 33.63m2
       Empty Weight: 1324kg  Max.Weight: 1845kg
       Speed: 216km/h  Ceiling: 5850m  Range: 515km
       Armament: 
BT2C, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1)
       Single-seat torpedo and dive bomber. The BT2C was a relatively
       small, clean aircraft with good handling and performance. But
       the Navy preferred the {AD} Skyraider. Nine built.
       Type: XBT2C-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2500hp Wright R-3350-24
       Wing Span: 14.50m  Length: 11.79m  Height: 5.00m  Wing Area: 38.65m2
       Empty Weight: 5565kg  Max.Weight: 8682kg
       Speed: 562km/h  Ceiling: 8560m  Range: 2415km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 1814kg
BT2D, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1)
       The XBT2D-1 was the prototype of the {AD} Skyraider.
BT-4, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Trainer, a modification of the {O-1}E, also known as XO-1G.
BT-7, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Development of {PT-1} and {PT-3} series with a 223kW
       P&W Wasp engine.
BT-8, Seversky
       (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Monoplane trainer, the first all-metal low-wing monoplane trainer
       of the USAAC. The BT-8 had a fixed trousered undercarriage, but
       complete controls for a retractable one were fitted for training
       purposes! 30 were built. 
       Type: BT-8
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W R-985-11 Wasp Junior
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling: 5180m  Range: 1170km
       Armament:
BT-9, North American
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Trainer monoplane, precursor of the {AT-6}, with a fixed
       undercarriage.
       Type: BT-9
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Wright R-975-E7
       Speed: 282km/h   Ceiling: 5795m  Range: 1305km
       Armament: 2*mg
BT-12, Fleetwings
       (?-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1)
       Two-seat trainer. 335kW P&W R-985-25 engine.
BT-13 Valiant, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Basic trainer, a conventional low-wing aircraft. The BT-13 did
       not make any headlines, but 11537 were built for the USAAF and
       USN, including the {SNV} and {BT-15}. That made it one of the most
       used trainers of WWII. 
       Type: BT-13A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 8.79m  Height: 3.51m  Wing Area: 22.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1531kg  Max.Weight: 2039kg
       Max. Speed: 293km/h  Ceiling: 6600m  Max. Range: 1170km
BT-14, North American 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Training monoplane, derived from the {BT-9}, with stressed skin
       construction as introduced on the BC-1A. It was thus equivalent
       to an {AT-6} with fixed landing gear and a lower-powered engine.
       Type: BT-14
       Function: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 420hp Wright R-975-E3
       Speed: 274km/h   Ceiling: 5310m  Range: 1180km
       Armament:
BT-15, Vultee 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Version of the {BT-13} with a Wright R-975-1 engine, because of a
       shortage of Pratt & Whitney R-985s.
BT-16, Vultee 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Post-war experimental version of the {BT-13}, converted with a
       fuselage of plastic. 
BT-17, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1|AI1)
       Trainer built from non-strategic materials during WWII.
       No production, because there were no materials shortages.
       There was also a version with a 225hp Lycoming.
       Type: XBT-17
       Task: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W Wasp Junior
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
BT-28, North American
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Renamed {T-28}.
BT-30, Douglas
       (?-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1)
       Renamed {T-30}.
BTC, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1)
       Single-seat dive bomber and torpedo bomber. The XBTC-1 was powered
       by the Wright R-3350, and the XBTC-2 by the P&W R-4360 engine. The
       XBTC-1 was not built, and the XBTC-2 delayed, in order to
       concentrate resources on the {SB2C}. Finally, the USN only showed
       interest in the full-span duplex flaps and contra-rotating propellers
       of the XBTC-2, and used the two prototypes to evaluate these.
       Type: XBTC-2
       Function: attack
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3000hp P&W R-4360-14
       Wing Span: 15.24m  Length: 11.76m  Height: 5.08m  Wing Area: 37.72m2
       Empty Weight: 6481kg  Max.Weight: 9327kg
       Speed: 620km/h  Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 4hrs 10min
       Armament: 4*g20mm 1*b726kg 2*b227kg
BTD Destroyer, Douglas
       (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1)
       Single-seat dive bomber and torpedo bomber. The BTD was developed
       from the {SB2D} and turned out to be no more successful. The BTD
       was lighter and simpler, but handling characteristics were very
       poor. Of an order for 358, only 29 were built. Douglas asked for
       the BTD contract to be cancelled, and designed the {BT2D} or {AD}
       Skyraider instead. 
       Type: BTD-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1680kW Wright R-3350-14
       Wing Span: 14.61m  Length: 6.20m  Height: 4.14m  Wing Area: 34.65m2
       Empty Weight: 5851kg  Max.Weight: 8618kg
       Speed: 554km/h  Ceiling: 6340m  Range:
       Armament: 2*g20mm 1451kg
BTK, Kaiser-Fleetwing
       (S-USA-AC-A-N-N-AR1)
       Single-seat dive and torpedo bomber. Like the Martin {BTM}, the
       BTK was designed as a smaller, lighter alternative to the {BTD}
       and {BTC}. Despite some handling problems, the future of the BTK
       looked promising; but all contracts were cancelled at the end of
       WWII. Five were built.
       Type: XBTK-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1566kW P&W R-2800-34W
       Wing Span: 14.83m  Length: 11.86m  Height: 4.78m  Wing Area: 35.30m2
       Empty Weight: 4517kg  Max.Weight: 7159kg
       Speed: 600km/h  Ceiling: 10180m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*g20mm 1814kg
BTM Mauler, Martin 
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-LN-N-AR1)
       Renamed {AM}.
BVL-12, Pomilio
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat biplane bomber. Six built.
       Type: BVL-12
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 298kW Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 13.79m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 179km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
--C---------------------------------------------------------------------------
C, Orenco
       (F-USA-A-T-B-N-?1)
       Two-seat trainer derivative of the Orenco {B}.
C-1 Trader, Grumman 
       (P-USA-AC-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       A COD (Carrier Onboard Delivery) version of the {S-2} Tracker
       anti-submarine aircraft. The C-1 had a larger, deeper fuselage.
       Type: C-1A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1100kW Wright R-1820-82WA
       Speed: 467km/h  Ceiling: 7000m Range: 1500km
       Freight: 9 seats.
C-1, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-C-B-N-IL1)
       USAAC cargo and troop transport, a rather large single-engined
       biplane. 27 were built.
       Type: C-1
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty
       Speed: 120mph  Ceiling: 15950ft  Range:
       Load: 6 seats
C-2 Greyhound, Grumman
       (M-USA-AC-C-HN-N-TW2)
       A COD version of the {E-2} Hawkeye, with a larger and deeper
       fuselage.
       Type: C-2A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1964  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 3660kW Allison T56-A-425
       Speed: 574km/h  Ceiling: 10210m      Range: 1930km
       Freight: 6804kg, 28 seats.
C-2, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2)
       Military version of the famous Fokker F.VII/3m transport. The
       F.VII/3m was a popular aircraft for aviation pioneers, who made
       many record-setting flights in it. In USAAC service one C-2
       made the first flight from San Fransisco to Honolulu, and another 
       C-2 callled "Question Mark" stayed in the air for 150hr with
       the help of aerial refuelling. Later eight more C-2As were
       ordered. They had slightly wider fuselages than civilian F.VIIs,
       and different cockpits.
       Type: C-2A
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 3 * 164kW Wright R-790
       Wing Span: 22.61m  Length: 14.73m  Height: 4.11m  Wing Area: 66.70m2
       Empty Weight: 2951kg  Max.Weight: 4715kg
       Speed: 182km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 475km
       Load: 10 seats
C-3, Ford 
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1)
       Army version of the Ford TriMotor.
C-3, Martin
       (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Former {RM}, see there.
C-4, Ford 
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1)
       Army version of the Ford TriMotor.
C-4 Gulfstream I, Grumman
       (M-USA-A-C|T-LN-N-TW2)
       Version of the Gulfstream I as VIP transport (VC-4) or trainer (TC-4).
       The TC-4 is a trainer for {A-6} crews, with a large nose radome.
C-5, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2)
       Military version of the Fokker F.10 high-wing transport aircraft,
       a larger development of the F.VII (alias {C-2}). It was powered
       by three 300hp Wright R-975 radials.
C-5 Galaxy, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4)
       Until the advent of the {An-124} the C-5 was the world's largest
       aircraft. It was designed to carry the heaviest army equipment.
       Possible loads include an M-1 Abrams tank, six A{H-64} helicopters
       or ten Pershing missiles. The C-5 program suffered from fatigue
       problems and underestimated costs. Later the aircraft were rewinged
       and modified  to C-5B configuration. 
       Type: C-5A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1971  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 18600kg G.E. TF39-GE-1
       Wing Span: 67.88m  Length: 75.54m  Height: 19.85m  Wing Area: 575.98m2
       Empty Weight: 153286kg  Max.Weight: 348813kg
       Speed: 919km/h  Ceiling: 10360m  Range: 12460km
       Freight: 120240kg, up to 345seats, but normally only 75 seats
                on the upper deck.
       Type: C-5B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1982  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 191.2kN G.E. TF39-GE-1C
       Wing Span: 67.88m  Length: 75.51m  Height: 19.85m  Wing Area: 576m2
       Empty Weight: 169645kg  Max.Weight: 381018kg
       Speed: 919km/h  Ceiling: 10900m  Range: 
       Armament: 118390kg. 90 seats on upper deck, 290 could be carried on
                 main deck.
C-6, Beechcraft
       (M-USA-A-CU-LN-N-AIW2)
       The VC-6 was a VIP-transport version of the A90 King Air. Other
       military versions of this aircraft are known as {C-12}, {T-44}
       or {U-21}.
       Type: King Air C90
       Function: transport
       Year: 1970 Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 410kW P&WC PT6A-21
       Speed: 412km/h   Ceiling: 8700m   Range: 2230km
       Freight: 4 to 8 seats
C-7, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2)
       Derivative of the F.VII or {C-2}, powered by 330hp R-975 engines.
       Production aircraft had a larger wing and the fuselage of
       the {C-5}.
C-7, de Havilland Canada
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       The DHC-4A {Caribou} STOL transport. These aircraft were ordered
       by the US Army, but later transferred to the USAF. Their original
       designations has been {AC-1} and C{V-2}.
       Type: DHC-4A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1958  Crew: 2   Engines: 2 * 1070kW P&W R-2000-7M2
       Speed: 350km/h     Ceiling: 7560m   Range: 2100km
       Freight: 4000kg, 32 seats
C-7, de Havilland Canada
       (M-CANADA-A-E-HN-N-TW4)
       Military version of the DHC-7. The US Army uses it as the RC-7B 
       low-altitude reconaissance platform. It is planned to replace the
       PT6A engines by LHTEC CTP800s. Six are in servive, acquisition of
       nine more is planned.
C-8, Fairchild
       (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       Fairchild model 71. Used as photographic aircraft. (?)
       Also known as the U{C-96}.
C-8, de Havilland Canada C-8
       (P-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       The {DHC-5} Buffalo, a development of the {DHC-4} Caribou with
       turboprop engines. The XC-8A tested an air cushion landing gear.
       Type: DHC-5D
       Country: Canada
       Function: transport
       Year: 1974  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 2336kW G.E. CT64-820-4
       Wing Span: 29.26m  Length: 24.08m  Height: 8.76m  Wing Area: 87.79m2
       Empty Weight: 11412kg  Max.Weight: 22317kg
       Speed: 467km/h  Ceiling: 9450m  Range: 1110km
       Load: 8165kg, 41 seats
C-9, Ford 
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1)
       Army version of the Ford TriMotor.
C-9, Douglas
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       Version of the DC-9 sr.30 airliner.
       Type: C-9B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1973  Crew: 3  Engines:
       Speed: 927km/h      Ceiling:       Range: 4704km
       Freight:
C-10 Extender, McDonnell Douglas
       (M-USA-A-KC-LS-N-JW2&JF1)
       The KC-10 is based on the DC-10-30CF commercial freighter, 
       and succeeded the K{C-135} as tanker aircraft. It can also
       be operated as a transport, because the fuel tanks are
       below the main floor.
       Type: KC-10A
       Function: tanker / transport
       Year: 1980  Crew: 3-5  Engines: 3 * 23814kg G.E. CF6-50C2
       Wing Span: 50.39m  Length: 55.35m  Height: 17.70m  Wing Area: 367.70m2
       Empty Weight: 109328kg  Max.Weight: 267620kg
       Speed: 908km/h  Ceiling: 10180m  Range: 18507km
       Freight: 76825kg  Fuel Load: 161508kg
C-10, Beechcraft
       (?-USA-A-U-?-?-?)
       Beechcraft model 115, cancelled.
C-10 Jetstream, British Aerospace
       (M-USA-A-C-LN-N-TW2)
       The BAe (Handley Page) Jetstream twin-turboprop business aircraft.
C-11, Gulfstream 
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       The VC-11 is a VIP transport version of the Gulfstream II Biz-Jet
       Type: Gulfstream II
       Function: transport
       Year: 1966  Crew: 2   Engines: 2 * 50.7kN R.R. Spey Mk511-8
       Speed: 936km/h    Ceiling: 13100m   Range:  6025km
       Freight: 19 seats
C-12, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The single Y1C-12 was a Lockheed DL-1 Vega.
C-12 Huron, Beech
       (P-USA-A-U|E-LN-N-TW2)
       Military version of the Beech A/B200 and 1900 Super King Air.
       The King Air was used with the designation {U-21}, but some
       U-21s have been redesignated C-12 after modifications. The basic
       type is a light transport. A number were used as RC-12 "Guardrail"
       signal intelligence aircraft, loaded with electronic equipement
       for intercepting enemy radio transmissions. The current version
       is the RC-12N. Some C-12s used as embassy transports also have
       been known to carry hidden cameras during their "diplomatic"
       flights.
       Type: C-12A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1975  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 559kW P&WC PT6A-38
       Speed: 530km/h    Ceiling:       Range:
       Freight: 8 seats
C-13, Beech 
       (?-USA-A-U-?-?-?)
       Later redesignated {U-25} Huron, and cancelled.
C-14, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-JW2)
       Only two were built of this STOL freighter. The YC-14 had a
       supercritical shoulder wing and a T-tail. STOL performance was
       achieved by directing the exhaust of the two engines over the
       upper wing and the flaps, adhering to it because of the Coanda
       effect. The USAF decided to postpone the procurement of new
       transport aircraft.
       Type: YC-14
       Function: transport
       Year: 1976 Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 227kN G.E. CF6-50D
       Wing Span: 39.32m  Length: 40.13m  Height: 14.73m  Wing Area: 163.69m2
       Empty Weight: 53297kg  Max.Weight: 107501kg
       Speed: 811km/h   Ceiling: 13716m  Range: 5133km
       Freight: 36742kg, up to 150 seats.
C-14, General Aircraft
       (I-USA-A-C-PN-N-AR1)
       This was a military version of the Fokker F.14 mailplane. The
       C-14 was a single-engined parasol-wing aircraft. 20 Y1C-14s were
       delivered to the USAAC.
       Type: Y1C-14
       Function: transport
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 225hp P&W Hornet
       Speed: 224km/h   Ceiling: 5490m  Range: 1280km
       Load: 6 seats
C-15, General Aircraft 
       (I-USA-A-U-PN-N-AR1)
       One Y1{C-14} was converted to a flying ambulance and renamed C-15.
       Later the USAAC bought a civilian Fokker F.14 and converted it to
       C-15A configuration.
C-15, McDonnell Douglas
       (P-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4)
       The YC-15 was slightly more succesful than the competing Y{C-14},
       because it was the basis for the {C-17}. Still, only two were
       built and the USAF postponed the procurement of new transports.
       For STOL operations, the YC-15 had special flaps, which were blown
       on directly by the underwing engines. In 1996 the YC-15 was flown
       again to support C-17 development.
       Type: YC-15
       Function: transport
       Year: 1975  Crew: 2  Engines: 4 * 7250kg P&W JT8D-17
       Speed: 861km/h     Ceiling:       Range: 4810km
       Freight: 28122kg, up to 150 seats. 7
C-16, Fokker
       (I-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARO1)
       The USAAC tested one Fokker F.11 amphibian as the Y1C-16. This
       was shoulder-wing aircraft powered by a 525hp Wright R-1750
       radial mounted on a pylon on top of the fuselage.
C-17 Globemaster III, McDonnell Douglas
       (M-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4)
       STOL long-range heavy-lift aircraft, currently entering service.
       The C-17 was designed to combine the payload and range of the
       {C-141} and {C-5} with the airfield performance of the {C-130}.
       There is room in the C-17 cargo compartiment for two A{H-64}'s
       and three O{H-58} helicopters. 
       Type: C-17A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1993  Crew: 3  Engines: 4 * 185.5kN P&W F117-PW-100
       Wing Span: 52.20m  Length: 53.04m  Height: 16.79m  Wing Area: 353m2
       Empty Weight: 122000kg  Max.Weight: 263100kg
       Speed: 648km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 8710km
       Freight: 78110kg
C-17, Detroit-Lockheed 
       (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The Y1C-17 was a Lockheed model DL-1B Speed Vega. The DL-1s,
       built after Detroit bought Lockheed, had metal fuselages and
       wooden wings. The Y1C-17 was powered by a 500hp P&W R-1340-17. 
C-18, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4)
       The C-18A was a 707-320C freighter. Of the eight bought by the
       USAF, two were rebuilt as EC-18C, two as EC-18D and four as
       EC-18B. The EC-18's are 707's modified to carry electronic equipment
       and radars. The EC-18C or J-STARS is now known as the {E-8}. The
       EC-18D is a cruise mission control platform. The EC-18B with its
       very large nose radome is used for tracking spacecraft or missile
       tests.
C-19, Northrop
       (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1)
       The YC-19 was a militarized Northrop Alpha mailplane.
       Three built. 420hp P&W Wasp engine.
C-19, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4)
       Boeing 747's in commercial service that are equipped with extra
       doors and reinforced floors to be available as military transports.
       They are operated with a government subsidy to compensate for the
       additional 5900kg weight.
C-20, Gulfstream 
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       VIP transport version of the Gulfstream III
C-20, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARDU4)
       The single YC-20 was a Fokker F-32 airliner. The F-32 was in its
       time a very large aircraft, able to carry 30 passengers and a
       crew of two. The four engines, installed in tandem in underwing
       nacelles, left it underpowered. The USAAC did not order the type,
       and the airlines were also unenthusiastic.
C-21, Learjet
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       Learjet 35A. The USAF leased 80 of them in 1985, then bought
       them in 1986. Used to transport high-priority spares and people.
       Type: C-21A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1985   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 15.6kN Garrett TFE731-2-2B
       Speed: 872km/h       Ceiling: 13715m   Range: 2240km
       Freight: 1360kg, 8 seats.
C-21 Dolphin, Douglas
       (I-USA-AF-C-?-?-AR?2)
       Transport Amphibian.
       Type: C-21
       Function: transport
       Year:        Crew:    Engines: 2 * 224kW Wright R-975
       Speed: 225km/h    Ceiling:       Range: 885km
       Freight:
C-22, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF3)
       Five Boeing 727's used by the USAF, all former civil aircraft.
       Type: C-22B
       Function: transport
       Function: transport
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 3 * 6577kg P&W JT8D-7
       Speed: 1014km/h   Ceiling: 11400m  Range: 3300km
       Load: 11677kg
C-23 Sherpa, Shorts
       (M-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       Freighter version of the Shorts 330-200 commuter. Used for the
       transport of high-priority spares and people.
       Type: C-23A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1984  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 893kW P&WC PT6A-45R
       Wing Span: 22.76m  Length: 17.69m  Height: 4.95m  Wing Area: 42.1m2
       Empty Weight: 6680kg  Max.Weight: 10400kg
       Speed: 352km/h   Ceiling:       Range: 1240km
       Freight: 3400kg, 33 seats
C-23, Detroit-Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1)
       The Y1C-23 was a Lockheed DL-2A Altair. As was the case with
       the Y1{C-17}, the DL-2 Altair had a metal fuselage. Two were
       delivered to the US Army.
C-24, McDonnell Douglas
       (P-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4)
       The EC-24A is a DC-8-54F modified for fleet electronic warfare
       support missions.
       Type: EC-24A
       Task: electronic warfare
       Year:    Crew: 10  Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range: 8895km
       Load: 20 seats, 1361kg
C-25, Lockheed 
       (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1)
       Army version of the Lockheed Altair.
C-25, Boeing 
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4)
       The VC-25A is the presidential aircraft ("Air Force One"), a
       modified Boeing 747. Two are in service.
       Type: VC-25A
       Function: VIP transport
       Year:      Crew: 23  Engines: 4 * 252.4kN G.E. F103-GE-102
       Speed:      Ceiling:       Range: 11120km
       Freight: 80 seats
C-26 Dolphin, Douglas 
       (I-USA-AF-C-?-?-AR?2)
       Development of C-21.
C-26 Metro III, Fairchild
       (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-TW2)
       The Fairchild Metro III twin-turboprop feederliner in military
       service, as Operational Support Aircraft. The slender-looking
       Metro has a cramped cabin, but is fast and reasonably cheap.
       In 1996 to USAF put them in storage. 
       Type: Metro III
       Function: transport
       Year: 1970 Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 820kW Garrett TPE331-11U-611G
       Wing Span: 1737m  Length: 18.09m  Height: 5.08m  Wing Area: 28.7m2
       Empty Weight: 3963kg  Max.Weight: 6577kg
       Speed: 515km/h  Ceiling: 8380m  Range: 1970km
       Freight: 18-20 seats
C-27, Bellanca
       (I-USA-A-C-B-N-AR1)
       Army version of the Bellanca Aircruiser.
C-27, Fairchild
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       Fairchild was Fokker's representative in the USA. The UC-27A was a
       Fokker F.27 Friendship used by the USN. (Originally sold to
       Pepsi-Cola...)
C-27, Aeritalia/Chrysler
       (M-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       The C-27A is the Aeritalia {G.222} twin-turboprop STOL transport.
       The US representative of the manufacturer was Chrysler. There
       are now plans for a C-27J version, to be developed by Lockheed
       Martin and Aeritalia, using technology from the {C-130}J. 
C-29 Dolphin, Douglas 
       (I-USA-AF-C-?-?-AR?2)
       Development of {C-21}.
C-29, British Aerospace
       (M-GB-A-C|E-LS-N-JF2)
       The British {BAe.125} business jet. Six BAe 125 Sr.800 aircraft are
       used as navaid calibration aircraft by the USAAF. They are now
       painted in civilian colors, because their role was transferred to
       the FAA.
C-30 Condor, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-C-B-N-ARW2)
       Military version of the Curtiss T-32 Condor II biplane airliner.
       Two YC-30s were used as VIP transports by the USAAC, two {R4C}-1s
       were used by the USN for the same purpose. 
       Type: AT-32B Condor II
       Function: transport
       Year: 1934  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 530kW Wright SGR-1820-F2 Cyclone
       Wing Span: 25.0m  Length: 14.8m  Height:   Wing Area: 112m2
       Empty Weight: 5550kg  Max.Weight: 7940kg
       Speed: 305km/h  Ceiling: 7010m  Range: 1152km
       Load: 12 seats
C-32, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU2)
       Military version of the 757-200 twin-engined airliner.
       Four VIP transport versions, with 45 seats, have been
       ordered to replace the {C-137}s. 
C-32, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Military version of the DC-2.
       Type: C-32A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 560kW Wright SGR-1820-F-52
       Speed: 340km/h  Ceiling: 6840m  Range:
       Freight: 14-16 seats.
C-33, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The small number of C-33s were {C-32}s with a larger tail and
       wider doors.
C-34, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The difference between the {C-32} and the YC-34 was mainly in the
       interior. Only two built.
C-35, Lockeed
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The XC-35 was an experimental high-altitude version
       of the famous Lockheed 10 Electra. One built.
C-35, Cessna
       (M-USA-A-C-LN-N-JF2)
       The US Army bought the Cessna 560 Citation V as the UC-35. The
       first were delivered in 1997. It is intended to buy about 40.
C-36, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The C-36 was another variation on the Lockheed 10 Electra.
       Type: UC-36
       Function: transport
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-13
       Speed: 309km/h       Ceiling: 5920m   Range: 1410km
       Freight: 10 seats.
C-37, Gulfstream
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       The USAF recently decided to buy two Gulfstream V long-range
       business jets for use as VIP transports.
C-37, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Yet another Lockheed Electra in military service... See {C-36}.
C-38, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The C-38 was a {C-33} with a DC-3 tail. One built.
C-38 Astra, IAI
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       The USAF has ordered two IAI Astra SPX bussiness jets to replace
       {C-21}s. 
C-39, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The C-39 was another {C-33} variation with even more DC-3 parts
       than the {C-38}. 35 were built.
C-40, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The C-40 was a militarized Lockheed 12 or 212 Electra Junior.
       Type: UC-40A
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 3 * 330kW P&W Wasp Junior SB
       Speed: 344km/h    Ceiling: 6800m  Range: 1705km
       Freight: 5 pass.
C-41, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The C-41 was a reengined {C-39}. One C-41 and one C-14A built.
C-42, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The {C-42} was a reengined C-39. One built.
C-43 Traveler, Beech
       (I-USA-A-TU-B-N-AR1)
       The UC-43 was the military designation of the Beech 17, an elegant
       high-performance biplane best known as the "Staggerwing" because
       of of the strong backstagger of its wings.
       Type: UC-43
       Function: transport
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1
       Speed: 312km/h  Ceiling: 6100m  Range: 800km
       Freight: 4 seats.
C-45 Expeditor, Beech
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       One of the many forms in wich the twin-engined Beech 18 light
       transport was used by the military. In all, more than 4000
       military model 18's were built, as the {AT-7}, {AT-11}, UC-45,
       {C-45}, {JRB} and {SNB}. 
       Type: C-45F
       Function: transport
       Year: 194n  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-1
       Speed:   362km/h   Ceiling: 6250m Range: 1630km
       Freight: 5 or 7 seats.
C-46 Commando, Curtiss 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Originally designed as the CW-20 civil transport, but only built
       for military users. The C-46 was much larger and more powerful
       than the {C-47}. It was pressed into service too early to help the
       transports over the 'Hump' to China, and had a lot of problems at
       first. Later it was a successful and widely used freighter. The
       Navy used it as the {R5C}. Some are still in use today. 
       Type: C-46A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1943  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1492kW P&W R-2800-51
       Wing Span: 32.91m  Length: 23.26m  Height: 6.62m  Wing Area: 126.34m2
       Empty Weight: 13608kg  Max.Weight: 20412kg
       Speed: 434km/h  Ceiling: 7470m  Range: 5070km
       Freight: 4535kg or 40 seats
C-47 Skytrain, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The military DC-3, best known as the "Dakota". One of the most
       successful aircraft ever, and praised by Eisenhower amongst the
       most important instruments of victory in WWII. More than 13300
       of the DC-3 in all its forms were built -- this included Japanese
       and Soviet production. Of course the C-47 was also used for other
       tasks than transport. There was an HC-47 rescue aircraft, an RC-47
       recce aircraft, TC-47 trainer, and an EC-47. The AC-47 was a gunship
       version of the C-47, used as late as the the Vietnam war. Armament
       was pointed through the left windows; the AC-47 sprayed its targets
       with gunfire in a lefthand turn.
       Type: C-47
       Function: transport
       Year: 1941  Crew: 3   Engines: 2 * 880kW P&W R-1830-92
       Wing Span: 29.11m  Length: 19.43m  Height: 5.18m  Wing Area: 91.69m
       Empty Weight: 8256kg  Max.Weight: 11794kg
       Speed: 368km/h  Ceiling: 7100m  Range: 2400km
       Freight: 4500kg or 28 seats.
C-48, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A military DC-3, civil impressement. P&W R-1830. Some were former
       DST sleeper transports.
C-49, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A military DC-3, civil impressement. Wright R-1820-71. Also
       some DST's.
C-50, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A military DC-3, civil impressement. Wright R-1820-85.
C-51, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A military DC-3. Wright R-1820-33. Paratroop
       transport, one built.
C-52, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A military DC-3. Built to civil contracts taken over by the USAAF;
       paratroop transport. P&W R-1830-51.
C-53 Skytrooper, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A military DC-3. Intended for troop transport; it did not have the
       reinforced floor and wide doors of the {C-47}.
       Type: C-53
       Function: transport
       Year: 1941  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 880kW P&W R-1830-92
       Speed: 370km/h     Ceiling: 7300m   Range: 2170km
       Freight: 27 seats, 5535kg
C-54 Skymaster, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C|U|E|T-LN-N-ARW4)
       Also know in civil form as the DC-4. Production began with military
       aircraft. In three years, C-54's made 79642 crossings of the
       Atlantic; only three were lost. After WWII production reverted to
       airliners. There also was a SC-54 SAR version, a TC-54 trainer, an
       EC-54, a RC-54, and a MC-54 casevac aircraft. 
       Type: C-54G
       Function: transport
       Year: 1941  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 1070kW P&W R-2000-9
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 440km/h  Ceiling: 6860m  Range: 6240km
       Freight:
C-55, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A variant of the {C-46} Commando. The original CW-20 prototype had
       twin tail fins. It was modified with the single tailfin
       adopted by all production aircraft, and tested by the
       USAAF as the C-55. It was then delivered to the British BOAC. 
C-56 Lodestar, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement.
       Wright GR-1820-G1O2A engines.
C-57 Lodestar, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement.
       P&W R-1830-51 engines.
C-58, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Transport modification of the {B-18} Bolo. Two converted, but
       many more B-18s served as transports.
C-59 Lodestar, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement.
       P&W R-1690 Hornet engines. Crew of 4, 14 seats.
C-60 Lodestar, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Militarized Lockheed 18 Lodestar, a modern twin-engined transport
       aircraft. The Lodestar was larger than the Electra.
       Type: C-60A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1941   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 880kW Wright R-1820-87
       Speed: 410km/h       Ceiling: 8230m   Range: 2670km
       Freight: 21 seats
C-61 Forwarder, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1|AR1)
       The UC-61 was an adaption of the model 24 four-seat commercial
       monoplane. The UC-61 had a Warner Super Scarab radial, P&W
       R-985 radial, or a Ranger air-cooled inline engine. It also
       served in Britain, as the {Argus}, and in the US Navy, as
       the GK.
       Type: UC-61K
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Ranger L-440-7
       Speed: 198km/h   Ceiling: 3880m Range: 745km
       Freight: 3 seats
C-63, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       An {A-29} Hudson equipped with benches for troop transport.
       Later renamed A-29A.
C-64 Norseman, Noorduyn
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1)
       A rugged Canadian-built transport aircraft. The C-64B had
       floats.
       Type: UC-64A
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340-AN-1
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling: 5180m  Range: 960km
       Freight: 8 seats.
C-66 Lodestar, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Militarized Lockheed Lodestar, civil impressement. Wright R-1820
       engines.
C-67, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The UC-67 was a conversion of the {B-23} bomber, itself a
       development of the {B-18}. Twelve were converted of 38 B-23's
       built.
       Type: B-23
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1600hp P&W R-2600-3
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 454km/h  Ceiling: 9600m  Range: 2340km
       Freight:
C-68, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       One more designation assigned to a DC-3 like aircraft. Two
       DC-3A taken over from airlines. P&W R-1830.
C-69 Constellation, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4)
       Military Lockheed L-49 Constellation. The later model L-749 was
       known as {C-121} in military service. 
C-70, Howard 
       (S-USA-A-UC-HN-N-AR1)
       UC-70 was the USAF Designation, the US Navy designation was {GH}.
       These aircraft were all former civilian Howard DGA-12, DGA-15J,
       DGA-8 and DGA-9 aircraft. No UC-70s were purpose-built for the
       air force.
C-71, Spartan
       (S-USA-A-U-?N-N-AR1)
       The Spartan Executive. 16 were used by the USAAF.
       Type: UC-71
       Function: transport
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 295kW P&W R-985-33
       Speed: 348km/h   Ceiling: 7370m  Range: 1520km
       Freight: 4 seats
C-72, Waco
       (S-USA-A-TU-B-N-AR1)
       The UC-72 was a four-seat biplane, designed as navigational
       trainer. Production ceased in 1942. A number of civil aircraft
       were acquired by the USAAF, in small groups with designations up
       to UC-72Q.
C-73, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       The Boeing 247, of which 27 were put into military service.
       Because of their narrow cabin doors, they were used as
       personnel transports or trainers. Boeing also produced
       a prototype of an armed version, the 247Y.
       Type: C-73
       Function: transport
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 400kW P&W Wasp S1H-1G
       Wing Span: 22.56m  Length: 15.72m  Height: 3.6m  Wing Area: 77.68m2
       Empty Weight: 4148kg  Max.Weight: 6192kg
       Speed: 322km/h   Ceiling: 5160m  Range: 1200km
       Freight:
C-74 Globemaster, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)       
       The first Globemaster. The C-74 was a greatly enlarged development
       of the DC-4. It also used the DC-7 designation, but was that was
       reused later for a commercial type. Only 14 were built, because
       of the end of WWII. The Berlin airlift convinced the USAF of the
       need for an advanced cargo aircraft, and Douglas developed the
       larger {C-124}. The C-74 remained in service until 1959.
       Type: C-74
       Function: transport
       Year: 1945  Crew:  Engines: 4 * 2200kW P&W R-4360-49
       Wing Span: 52.81m  Length: 37.85m  Height: 13.34m  Wing Area: 233.19m2
       Empty Weight: 39087kg  Max.Weight: 78018kg
       Speed: 523km/h  Ceiling: 6645m  Range: 12550km
       Freight: 25400kg
C-75 Stratoliner, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       Boeing model 307, a transport aircraft with {B-17} wings and a new,
       pressurised cabin. Ten built, that were exchanged by Panam, TWA
       and the USAAF. During WWII, they were operated by TWA as VIP
       transports on the transatlantic lines.
       Type: C-75
       Function: transport
       Year: 1939  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 671kW Wright GR-1820
       Wing Span: 32.61m  Length: 22.66m  Height: 6.34m  Wing Area: 138.05m2
       Empty Weight: 13608kg  Max.Weight: 19050kg
       Speed: 396km/h   Ceiling: 7985m  Range: 3850km
       Freight: 33seats
C-76 Caravan, Curtiss Wright
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       Twin-engined, high-wing all-wood transport. Curtiss received
       contracts for 1400, but these were quickly cancelled when the
       C-76 revealed bad handling and weak construction. 19 built.
       Type: C-76
       Function: transport
       Year: 1943  Crew:  Engines: 2 * 1200hp P&W R-1820
       Speed: 320km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Freight:
C-77, Cessna
       (S-USA-A-CU-HN-N-ARW1)
       The UC-77 was an utility aircraft, put in military service in
       1942. They were high-wing cabin monoplanes with four seats. The
       UC-77 was a Curtiss DC-6A, powered by a 224kW Wright Whirlwind
       and the UC-77A was the DC-6B, with a 168kW Wright J-6 engine. The
       UC-77B was the Curtiss C-34, powered by a 108kW Warner Super
       Scarab, and the improved Curtiss C-37 was known as UC-77C. They
       were all built between 1929 and 1938; small series were built,
       and a few put into military service.
C-78 Bobcat, Cessna
       (S-USA-A-UT-LN-N-ARW2)
       The UC-78 was used as advanced trainer and light transport. It
       was a militarized Cessna T-50. The same aircraft served as trainer
       as the {AT-8} and {AT-17}. Cessna built 3414 UC-78s for the military,
       and a few impressed civilian aircraft were known as UC-78A's.
       Type: UC-78
       Function: transport / trainer
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 183kW Jacobs R-755-9
       Wing Span: 12.8m  Length: 9.98m  Height: 3.02m  Wing Area: 27.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1588kg  Max.Weight: 2585kg
       Speed: 315km/h   Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 1200km
       Freight: 4 seats
C-79, Junkers
       (S-D-A-C-LN-N-ARW2&AR1)
       Assigned to a Junkers Ju52/3m that was pressed into service in 1941.
C-80, Harlow
       (S-USA-A-U-?N-N-ARW1)
       Four UC-80s were used by the USAAF.
       Type: UC-80
       Function: transport
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 105kW Warner Super Scarab 50A
       Speed: 241km/h   Ceiling: 4720m  Range: 805km
       Freight: 3 seats
C-81 Reliant, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The UC-81 was a four/five seat bussiness and sports monoplane.
       It was built for the USAAF as transport and trainer (AT-19). 
       Type: UC-81
       Function: utility
       Year: 1938  Crew: 4  Engines: 1 * 290hp Lycoming R-680-13
       Speed: 226km/h   Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 1285km
       Freight: 18 seats
C-82 Packet, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-T-ARW2)
       Fairchild F-78 twin-boom transport. Design began in 1941 and
       prototype flew in 1944. Most were cancelled when the war ended,
       because the more developed {C-119} was preferred. 224 were
       built.
       Type: C-82A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1945  Crew: 4   Engines: 2 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-85
       Speed: 381km/h    Ceiling: 6710m Range: 1600km
       Freight: 41 seats.
C-83, Piper 
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       The UC-83 was also known as the {L-4}.
C-84, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Douglas DC-3B's taken over from airlines. Wright R-1820-G202A.
       Four built.
C-85, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-U-LN-N-AR1)
       The UC-85 was a Lockheed 9D-2 Orion.
C-86 Forwarder, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The UC-86 was the Former U{C-61}K, the radial-engined (Warner
       Scarab) version of the Fairchild model 24.
C-87 Liberator, Consolidated
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4)
       The C-87 was a {B-24} bomber with the guns removed, that proved
       useful as a long-range transport. About 280 were built.
       Type: C-87
       Function: transport
       Year: 1942  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 880kW P&W R-1830-43
       Wing Span: 33.53m  Length: 20.22m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 492km/h  Ceiling: 9500m  Range: 4670km
       Freight: 3990kg, 25 seats.
C-89 Metalplane, Hamilton
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1)
       The Hamilton Metalplane was an all-metal light transport aircraft,
       of strut-braced high-wing configuration with corrugated skinning.
       In 1942--1943 the USAAF used a single VC-89 as a VIP transport.
       Total production of the Metalplane was 29.
C-93 Conestoga, Budd
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       USAF designation of the {RB}.
C-96, Fairchild 
       (I-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The UC-96 was the Fairchild model 71.
       Type: 71
       Function: utility
       Year: 1928  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 305kW P&W R-1340-1
       Freight: seven seats.
C-97 Stratofreighter, Boeing 
       (P-USA-A-C|K|U|E-LN-N-ARW4|ARw4&JU2)
       Boeing model 367, the military version of the civil 377
       Stratocruiser. It combined the {B-29} wing with a new,
       double-bulge fuselage of large capacity, and was very
       versatile. It was built as C-97 transport, KC-97 Stratotanker,
       MC-97 ambulance aircraft, VC-97 airborne command post, EC-97
       electronic warfare aircraft and HC-97 SAR aircraft. The later
       KC-97L could be fitted with two additional jet engines under the
       outboard wing panels, replacing external fuel tanks. 888 military
       C-97s were built. 
       Type: KC-97G
       Function: transport / tanker
       Year: 1953  Crew: 7  Engines: 4 * 2570kW P&W R-436-59B
       Speed: 595km/h   Ceiling: 9144m  Range: 6920m
       Freight: 56750l fuel.
C-98, Boeing
       (I-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARW4)
       Boeing model 314 Clipper transatlantic flying boat. During WWII
       they were operated for the USN, by PanAm crews. The aircraft
       of the British BOAC also continued to operate. 
       Type: 314
       Function: transport
       Year: 1938  Crew: 10  Engines: 4 * 1100 kW Wright R-2600
       Wing Span: 46.33m  Length: 32.31m  Height: 8.41m  Wing Area: 266.34m
       Empty Weight: 22801kg  Max.Weight: 37421kg
       Speed: 311km/h  Ceiling: 4080m  Range: 5630km
       Freight: 74 seats
C-99, Convair
       (P-USA-A-C-?N-N-ARPW4)
       The only XC-99 built was a large transport developed from the
       {B-36}. The XC-99 proved too large for its customer. It was able
       to carry 400 men in a two-deck fuselage. The single XC-99 built
       remained in service until 1957. 
       Type: XC-99
       Function: transport
       Year: 1947  Crew:  Engines: 6 * 2205kW P&W R-4360-41
       Speed: 485km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 13030km
       Freight: 45813kg, or up to 400 seats.
C-100, Handley Page
       (P-GB-A-C-LN-N-TW2)
       Handley Page HP-137 Mk.3M, a version of the British commuter
       aircraft. Cancelled.
       Type: C-100A
       Function: transport
       Year:    Crew:  Engines: 2 * Garett TPE 331
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Freight:
C-101, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-CU-HN-N-AR1)
       UC-101 was another military designation for a version of the
       Lockheed Vega high-wing transport, made famous by long-distance
       flights in the pre-war years.
       Type: UC-101
       Function: transport / utility
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-1340
       Speed: 306km/h   Ceiling: 5790m  Range:
       Freight: 6 seats
C-104, Lockheed
       (?-USA-A-C-?-?-?2)
       Twin-engined freighter. Not built.
C-105, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-C-MN-N-ILW4)
       The large X{B-15} bomber was underpowered. The prototype
       was rebuilt as the XC-105 transport. One built.
       Type: XC-105
       Function: transport
       Year: 1943  Crew:  Engines: 4 * 740kW P&W R-1830-11
       Speed: 305km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Freight:
C-108, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       The XC-108 was a VIP transport variation on the {B-17}F. A luxe
       interior was installed and some armament retained.
C-109, Consolidated
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4)
       The C-109 was a fuel carrier version of the {B-24}. It carried
       fuel over the 'Hump' to China for the {B-29} force. The C-109
       versions carried 2900 gallon in the nose, above and in the
       bomb-bay.
C-110, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       The high-wing DC-5 was the least successful of the DC series.
       See {R3D}. 
C-111, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-PB-LN-N-ARW2)
       Lockheed 14N Super Electra. Former civilian aircraft impressed by
       the USAAF. 
C-112, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       Military protype of the DC-6, essentially a larger and pressurized
       DC-4. See also {C-118}.
C-113, Curtiss 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1|JW1)
       Yet one more variation on the {C-46}. Also known as XC-46C.
       The C-113 had one R-2800-34ZW radial and one G.E. TG-100 jet 
       engine, in the left and right engine nacelle, respectively.
C-114, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ILW4)
       Version of the {C-54} (DC-4) with Allison V-1710 engines. One
       built.
C-115, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       A DC-4 / {C-54} version.
C-116, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ILW4)
       A DC-4 / {C-54} version, powered by Allison V-1710 engines. Used
       for de-icing experiments.
C-117, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       A DC-3 development with 1200hp P&W R-1830-90C engines, a
       "commercial" 21-seat interior, and {C-47} wings and
       improvements. It was intended as a staff transport,
       mainly for VIPs. Many went to the airlines.
C-118 Liftmaster, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-C|U-LN-N-ARW4)
       This was the DC-6, originally also named {R6D} in USN service. The
       USAF inventory included the VC-118 'Independence', the presidential
       aircraft.
       Type: DC-6B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1947  Crew: 3  Engines: 4 * 1865kW P&W R-2800-CB17
       Wing Span: 35.81m  Length: 32.18m  Height: 8.74m  Wing Area: 135.91m2
       Empty Weight: 25110kg  Max.Weight: 48534kg
       Speed: 576km/h  Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 7600km
       Freight: 74 seats, 12260kg
C-119 Flying Boxcar, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-C|A-HN-T-ARW2|ARW2&JU2)
       A widely used twin-boom transport, a more powerful development
       of the {C-82}, powered by the R-3350 or R-4360 radials. Used in
       Vietnam by the French and US forces. The C-119 was a capable
       aircraft, but complicated to operate and hard to fly on one
       engine. For airdrops, the rear loading doors were often removed.
       There was also an AC-119G gunship version. 
       Type: C-119C
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 2610kW P&W R-4360-20
       Wing Span: 33.30m  Length: 26.30m  Height: 8.00m  Wing Area: 134.4m2
       Empty Weight: 18053kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 452km/h  Ceiling: 7284m  Range: 2848km
       Load: 
       Type: C-119G
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 2610kW Wright R-3350-85
       Wing Span: 33.30m  Length: 26.30m  Height: 8.00m  Wing Area: 143.43m2
       Empty Weight: 18136kg  Max.Weight: 33747kg
       Speed: 322km/h   Ceiling: 6460m  Range: 3670km
       Freight: 13608km or 62 seats
C-120 Pack-Plane, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-C|A-HN-T-ARW2)
       The XC-120 looked a lot like the {C-119}, but the freight was in a
       streamlined 82.12 cubic metres pod, attached to the flat underside
       of the fuselage. One built.
       Type: XC-120
       Function: transport
       Year: 1950  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 2390kW P&W R-4360
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Freight:
C-121, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4)
       The Lockheed L-749 Constellation or L-1049 Super Constellation,
       in its basic form used as a VIP transport, and in a lot of
       variations as electronic warfare aircraft. (The older model L-49
       of the Constellation was known as {C-69} in military service.) The
       C-121 became best known as radar aircraft in the EC-121 'Warning
       Star' form, an AEW development of the C-121 Constellation with
       large radar bulges above and below the fuselage. The C-121J was
       an airborne television studio and transmitter, used during the
       war in Vietnam.
       Type: L-749
       Function: transport
       Year: 1944  Crew: 5   Engines: 4 * 1840kW Wright GR-3350-BD1
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 560km/h  Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 4000km
       Freight: 44 to 81 seats
       Type: L-1049G
       Function: transport
       Year: 1954  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * Wright R-3350-DA3
       Wing Span: 38.47m  Length: 35.42m  Height: 7.54m
       Wing Area: 153.66m2
       Empty Weight: 36152kg  Max.Weight: 65772kg
       Speed: 570km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 8200km
       Load: 95 seats
C-122 Avitruc, Chase
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       Experimental transport. The YC-122 was developed from the C{G-18}
       glider transport. Eleven built. One airframe was later rebuilt into
       the {X-18} VTOL.
       Type: YC-122A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1948  Crew:  Engines: 2 * R-2000-11
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Freight: 30 troops
C-123 Provider, Fairchild
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2|ARW2&JU2)
       Originally designed by Chase, and based on the XC{G-20} transport
       glider, in the same way the {C-122} was derived from the C{G-18}.
       The C-123 had the typical design of military transports, with an
       upswept tail and loading ramps. 308 were built, of which 302 by
       Fairchild. A version with four J47 jet engines did not enter
       production, but later C-123s had auxiliary J44 or J85 jet engines.
       The NC-123 was a gunship version. 
       Type: C-123B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1955  Crew: 2 Engines: 2 * 1715kW P&W R-2800-99W
       Wing Span: 33.53m  Length: 23.09m  Height: 10.39m  Wing Area: 113.62m2
       Empty Weight: 13562kg  Max.Weight: 27216kg
       Speed: 394km/h   Ceiling: 7015m  Range: 2366km
       Freight: 60 seats
C-124 Globemaster II, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       The C-124 was a development of the {C-74} with a new, much
       larger, two-deck fuselage. 446 were built. The C-124 was capable
       of transporting most vehicles of the US Army, and even very bulky
       loads, such as ballistic missiles. Freight was loaded by its large
       nose doors. 
       Type: C-124C
       Function: transport
       Year: 1950  Crew: 8  Engines: 4 * 2800kW P&W R-4360-63A
       Wing Span: 53.07m  Length: 39.75m  Height: 14.72m  Wing Area:
       Empty Weight: 45888kg  Max.Weight: 88224kg
       Speed: 489km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 1930km
       Freight: 31070kg or 200 seats
C-125 Raider, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2&AR1)
       Development of the Northrop model N-23 commercial aircraft. The 
       C-125 was far more powerful than the N-23. It was a shoulder-wing
       aircraft with fixed landing gear, and three engines. For the
       USAF 23 were built: 13 YC-125A tactical transports, and 10
       YC-125B Arctic rescue aircraft. Their operational career was
       short. 
       Type: YC-125A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 3 * 895kW Wright R-1820-99
       Wing Span: 26.38m  Length: 20.45m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 18552kg
       Speed: 333km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Load: 32 seats, 5443kg
C-126, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       Cessna 195. The LC-126 was a special variant intended for Arctic
       rescue work, with interchangeable wheels, floats or skis landing
       gear.
       Type: LC-126
       Function: utility
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 275hp Jacobs R-755B-2
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Load: 2 or 3 seats.
C-127, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-C-?-?-?)
       Not built.
C-128, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-C|A-HN-T-?2)
       A variation on the {C-119} theme.
C-129, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       This is a DC-3F, 'Super DC-3', with 1475hp Wright R-1820 engines,
       a new tail, and a longer fuselage.
C-130 Hercules, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-C|K|E-HN-N-TW4)
       The omnipresent post-war transport, a large succes. The C-130 has
       all the characteristics that have become the standard for military
       STOL-transports: A high-set wing, turboprop engines, an upswept
       tail with a loading ramp, multi-wheeled landing gear... Besides
       its role as a transport, it has been the platform for a lot of
       different missions: AC-130 Spectre ground support aircraft loaded
       with guns; EC-130 jamming aircraft, HC-130 aerial recovery aircraft;
       MC-130 aircraft for 'special' operations, including airdropping,
       psy-war, and recce; DC-130 drone control aircraft; the JC-130 for
       the recovery of space capsules; the EC-130V AEW aircraft, operated
       on a small scale by the USCG; and many more. The first C-130 was
       delivered to the USAF in 1955 and production still continues.
       Latest version is the C-130J, intended to replace older models at
       the turn of the century, which was rolled out at the end of 1995.
       Type: C-130H
       Year:    Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 3600kW Allison T56-A-15
       Wing Span: 40.41m  Length: 29.79m  Height: 11.66m  Wing Area: 162.11m2
       Empty Weight: 34356kg  Max.Weight: 79379kg
       Speed: 621km/h   Ceiling: 10670m  Range: 7880km
       Freight:  20560kg
C-131 Samaritan, Convair
       (P-USA-A-C|U|E-LN-N-ARW2)
       The Convair 240 and 340 were built as attempted DC-3 successors.
       They enjoyed reasonable succes. The C-131 was a military version,
       of which the USAF bought 472. Most were equipped as transports,
       some as ambulance aircraft. The TC-131E and RC-131F/G were
       electronic warfare training aircraft. The NC-131 is a 'variable
       stability' testbed with a large radar nose and wing-mounted control
       surfaces. 
       Type: C-131B
       Function: transport
       Year:    Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1865hp P&W R-2800-99W
       Wing Span: 32.11m  Length: 24.13m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 21320kg
       Speed: 470km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 725km
       Freight: 48 seats, 
C-132 Globemaster III, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-C-?-?-?)
       Remained a project. The 15000hp P&W T57 turboprop was cancelled in
       1957, and the C-132 disappeared together with it.
C-133 Cargomaster, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW4)
       Some 34 of these large transport aircraft were delivered. They were
       large high-wing, turboprop-engined aircraft. They were useful during
       the Vietnam war, but retired in 1971 because of fatigue. 
       Type: C-133B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1957  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 5593kW P&W T34-P-9W
       Wing Span: 54.77m  Length: 48.02m  Height: 14.71m  Wing Area: 248.32m2
       Empty Weight: 54550kg  Max.Weight: 129727kg
       Speed: 578km/h  Ceiling: 9130m  Range: 7010km
       Freight: 40824kg or 200 seats
C-134 Pantobase, Stroukoff 
       (P-USA-A-C-?-?-?)
C-135, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-C|K|E|R-LS-N-JU4)
       A close relative of the 707, but smaller, known to the
       manufacturer as type 717. For many years this was the
       standard USAF tanker aircraft. The J57 engine was later
       replaced by the TF33, and finally by the high-bypass
       CFM F108 engine installed in the KC-135R. There was also
       a long series of RC-135 ELINT, SIGINT or TELINT aircraft
       loaded with electronics, often recognized by bulged dielectric
       housings and aerials. They flew more or less secret missions
       under codenames such as Combat Apple, Rivet Joint, or Combat
       Sent. The EC-135 was used as airborne command post, but there
       were also several other versions, including the ARIA modified
       to track spacecraft.
       Type: KC-135A
       Year: 1956  Crew:  Engines: 4 * 6238kg P&W J57-59W
       Wing Span: 39.88m  Length: 41.53m  Height: 12.70m  Wing Area: 226.03m2
       Empty Weight: 48220kg  Max.Weight: 14335kg
       Speed: 966km/h  Ceiling: 12200m  Range: 6440km
       Freight: 118200l fuel. 80 seats.
       Type: RC-135V
       Function: reconaissance 
       Year:   Crew: 4+?  Engines: 4 *  8165kg P&W TF33-9
       Wing Span: 39.88m  Length: 42.82m  Height: 12.70m  Wing Area: 226.03m2
       Empty Weight: 46403kg  Max.Weight: 135624kg
       Speed: 966km/h  Ceiling: 12735m  Range: 9100km 
C-136
       Reserved for the USN, cancelled.
C-137, Boeing 
       (P-USA-A-C|K|U|E-LN-N-ARW4|ARw4&JU2)
       Applied for some time to the YC-97J.
C-137, Boeing
       (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4)
       Military 707, used as VIP transport. The VC-137C was the
       presidential transport. The EC-137 became the E-3 Sentry.
       The basic aircraft was a 707-320C.
       Type: 707-320C
       Year: 1963  Crew: 6  Engines: 4 * 8100kg P&W JT3D-3B
       Speed: 1010km/h  Ceiling: 11750m  Range: 12030km
       Freight: 38101kg, 215 seats
C-138 
       Reserved for the USN, cancelled.
C-140 Jetstar, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF4)
       Military version of the Lockheed 1329 biz-jet. This aircraft was
       actually designed for the USAF, but this service did not buy as
       many as expected.
       Type: JetStar II
       Year: 1963  Crew: 2  Engines: 4 * 1360kg Garrett TFE731-3
       Wing Span: 6.59m  Length: 18.41m  Height: 6.22m  Wing Area: 50.40m2
       Empty Weight: 11294kg  Max.Weight: 20185kg
       Speed: 880km/h  Ceiling: 13105m  Range: 4820km
       Load: 
C-141 Starlifter, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-C-HS-N-JU4)
       The big, high-wing Starlifter jet transport provided the USAF
       with the capacity of carrying heavy loads fast over long distances.
       About 285 were built. Later they were rebuilt in 'stretched'
       C-141B form, because the cabin volume of the C-141A was too
       small relative to its weightlifting capacity. The C-141B also
       introduced an air refuelling receptacle. Currently the aircraft
       are being converted to C-141C configuration with new avionics.
       Type: C-141B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1964  Crew: 4 Engines: 4 * 9530kg P&W TF-33-P-7
       Wing Span: 48.74m  Length: 51.29m  Height: 11.96m  Wing Area: 299.88m2
       Empty Weight: 36900kg  Max.Weight: 155583kg
       Speed: 917km/h  Ceiling: 13700m  Range: 10280km
       Freight: 41200kg or 166 seats.
C-142, LTV-Hiller-Ryan
       (P-USA-AV-C-HN-N-TW4)
       The XC-142A was a tilt-wing VTOL transport. Based on experience
       acquired with the {X-18}. The XC-142A had five propellers: Four on
       the wing with the engines, and one at the tail for stabilisation.
       Like the {V-22}, it atracted interest by the three branches of the
       US military. But it never entered production. Five built.
       Type: XC-142A
       Function: VTOL transport
       Year: 1964  Crew: 2  Engines: 4 * 2125kW G.E. T64-GE-1
       Wing Span: 20.57m  Length: 17.71m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 16998kg
       Speed: 691km/h at 6100m  Ceiling:   Range: 1110km
       Freight: 5443kg, or 32 seats. 3630kg for VTOL operations
C-880, Convair
       (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JU4)
       The Convair 880 and 990 were unsuccesful competitors of the 707
       and DC-8. One was used by the USN as UC-880 tanker aircraft.
       Type: 880
       Function: tanker / transport
       Year: 1959  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 5080kg G.E. CJ805-3
       Speed: 990km/h   Ceiling: 12600m  Range:
       Freight: 84 - 110 seats
CH-1, Cessna
       (P-USA-H-U-R?-N-?1)
       See {H-41}.
CO-2, Cox-Klemin
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?)
       Type: CO-2
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
CO-4, Fokker
       (I-NL-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Reconaissance biplane, the Fokker {C.IV}. Fokker built 139 of this
       aircraft, for five countries. The USAAC ordered three.
       Type: C.IV
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1923  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 336kW Napier Lion 
       Wing Span: 12.90m  Length: 9.20m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 39.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1450kg  Max.Weight: 2270kg
       Speed: 214km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 3-4*mg7.7mm
CO-5, Engineering Divison 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-?1)
       Modified TP-1. 
       Type: CO-5
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
CO-6, Engineering Division
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?)
       Observation aircraft.
CO-7, Boeing 
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?)
       Observation aircraft. 1925. Three built.
CO-8, Atlantic
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?)
       Observation aircraft.
COA-1, Loening 
       (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1|IL1)
       Renamed {OA-1}.
CR, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1)
       Racing aircraft. The CR-1 won the Pulitzer trophy of 1921. The CR-3
       won the Schneider Trophy of 1923 with an average speed of 285km/h.
       The CR-1 and -2 were landplanes, the CR-3 was put on floats.
       Type: CR-3
       Task: racing
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Curtiss D-12
       Max. Speed: 312km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
CS, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A|AS-A-B-N-Il1)
       Torpedo bomber biplane, later renamed {SC}. See there.
CSO, Waco
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?)
       Biplane trainer.
CSO-A, Waco
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Fighter version of a CSO two-seat biplane trainer. The CSO-A was
       intended for South-American countries, which had already bought
       the CSO. The forward cockpit was faired over. Brazil acquired 11,
       including the prototype, but they were of little use because no
       suitable ammunition was available. Later they were converted back
       to trainers.
       Type: CSO-A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250hp Wright R-760E
       Wing Span: 9.32m  Length: 6.85m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 26.75m2
       Empty Weight: 738kg  Max.Weight: 1179kg
       Speed: 209km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 868km
       Armament: 2*mg7mm
CTO, Waco
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?)
       Biplane trainer.
CTO-A, Waco
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       This was another light biplane fighter, developed from a two-seat
       trainer. One built.
       Type: CTO-A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250hp Wright R-760E
       Wing Span: 9.27m  Length: 6.85m  Height: 2.74m  Wing Area: 21.08m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 5.66hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
CT, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AS-A-B-T-IL?2)
       Twin-engined, twin-boom monoplane on floats. Was designed as a
       torpedo aircraft, but proved unable to lift a torpedo...
       Type: CT
       Task: torpedo bomber
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 2 * 400hp Curtiss CD-12
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
CW-19, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Trainer, a low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. It was
       originally designed a sports aircraft, but was considered
       unsuitable, and redesigned as a trainer. Only a few were built,
       for export to various South-American countries. It had the
       reputation of being difficult to fly. 
       Type: CW-19R
       Function: trainer
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Wright R-975E3
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4-2*mg7.62mm
CW-21 Demon, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       This was a light single-seat fighter monoplane built by Curtiss. The
       tiny aft fuselage of the CW-21 seemed to be a mismatch for the large
       radial engine up front. The structure was all-metal, stressed-skin,
       and too light to survive combat damage. It had no armour and only
       weak armament. The CW-21 had rearwards-retracting, the CW-21B
       rearwards-retracting undercarriage legs. The CW-21 was not adopted
       by the USAAC. Exported aircraft were deficient in combat against the
       Japanese. Plans to build it in China were abandoned when the
       Japanese captured the intended factories. 
       Type: CW-21B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1000hp Wright R-1820-G5 Cyclone
       Wing Span: 10.67m  Length: 8.28m  Height: 2.64m  Wing Area: 16.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1534kg  Max.Weight: 2041kg
       Speed: 536km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 1014km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
--D---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D, Curtiss-Orenco
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane fighter, the first US fighter to reach production. The type
       was developed by Orenco, but production aircraft were built by
       Curtiss. The engine was a US derivative of the French
       Hispano-Suiza. 54 built.
       Type: D
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330hp Wright-Hispano H
       Wing Span: 10.05m  Length: 6.54m  Height: 2.54m  Wing Area: 25.36m2
       Empty Weight: 865kg  Max.Weight: 1279kg
       Speed: 224km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
D.XII, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane fighter, designed by Fokker for the American USAAS. It was a
       sesquiplane of mixed construction. Flight characteristics were
       unsatisfactory, even after redesign of the upper wing. Three built.
       Type: D.XII
       Country: The Netherlands       
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 440hp Curtiss V-1150
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 6.74m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 21.83m2
       Empty Weight: 998kg  Max.Weight: 1400kg
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1100km
       Armament: 
DT, Douglas
       (I-USA-AS|A-A-B-N-IL1)
       Torpedo bomber. The DT was an ugly, angular biplane, but could lift
       a 832kg torpedo. One single-seat DT-1 and 86 two-seat DT-2s were
       built. They usually operated on floats.
       Type: DT-1
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 336kW Liberty
       Wing Span: 15.24m  Length: 10.41m  Height: 4.14m  Wing Area: 65.68m2
       Empty Weight: 1695kg  Max.Weight: 2949kg
       Speed: 163km/h  Ceiling: 2375m  Range: 472km
       Armament: 832kg
DWC World Cruiser, Douglas
       (I-USA-AS|A-*-B-N-IL1)
       The DWC did exactly what its name indicated. Two out of four
       completed the 175 days, 44800km flight. It was a development
       of the {DT}-2 torpedo aircraft.
       Type: DWC
       Function: long-range experimental
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 420hp Liberty
       Speed: 166km/h   Ceiling: 3000m  Range: 3550km
       Armament:
--E---------------------------------------------------------------------------
E, Curtiss
       (?-USA-A-R-B-?-?)
       Curtiss observation biplane.
E-1, Standard
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Fighter biplane, only used as a trainer during WWI. Over 100
       were built. After WWI three were converted to unmanned 'aerial
       torpedoes'. 
       Type: E-1
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Max. Speed: 161km/h  Ceiling: 14800ft  Max. Range:
       Armament:
E-1 Tracer, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-E-HN-N-ARW2)
       AEW version of the {S-2} Tracker, with a streamlined pancake radome
       on its back. The E-1 had triple tail fins; the center fin was cut
       short and connected to the radome.
       Type: E-1B
       Task: carrier-borne AEW
       Year: 1954  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1120kW Wright R-1820-82WA
       Max. Speed: 426km/h  Ceiling: 6700m  Max. Range: 1850km
       Armament: none
E-2 Hawkeye, Grumman
       (M-USA-AC-E-HN-N-TW2)
       Carrier-borne AEW aircraft. The TE-2C is a trainer version.
       The E-2 is a twin-turboprop aircraft with four tailfins, three
       of which include rudders --- the starboard inboard fin is the
       one without. It would  pleasant to the eye, if it did not have
       a large saucer radome on its back. The E-2A and E-2B were
       technically rather unreliable; the much improved E-2C with its
       modern electronics can direct up to 36 fighters at a single time.
       It proved very effective in Vietnam and the Middle-East. The radar
       is continuously upgraded, the current version being the AN/APS-145.
       New engines have also been introduced, the more powerful and
       efficient T56-A-427. Delivery still continues, and the E-2 will
       be around well into the 21th century. The E-2 has been sold to
       Israel, Japan, Singapore, Egypt and Taiwan; Thailand and France
       have ordered some.
       Type: E-2C
       Task: carrier-borne AEW
       Year: 1972  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 3661kW Allison T56-A-425
       Wing Span: 24.56m  Length: 17.54m  Height: 5.58m  Wing Area: 65.03m2
       Empty Weight: 17211kg  Max.Weight: 23503kg
       Max. Speed: 602km/h  Ceiling: 9390m  Max. Range: 2585km
       Armament: none
E-3 Sentry, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4)
       The AWACS version of the Boeing 707, with a large rotating "saucer"
       radome on its back. The radome contains a search radar and an IFF
       system. The radar in the dish --- with a cross-section of 9.14m,
       and rotating at 6rpm --- has a search range of 370km for low-flying
       aircraft, and much more for high-flying aircraft. The E-3s also have
       turbofan engines instead of the original turbojets of the 707.
       Models include E-3A, E-3B, and E-3C. These aircraft were essential
       to coordinate coalition efforts during the Gulf War. 
       Type: E-3A
       Task: AWACS
       Year: 1977  Crew: 17  Engines: 4 * 9500kg P&W TF33-PW-100A
       Wing Span: 44.42m  Length: 46.61m  Height: 12.60m  Wing Area: 283.35m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 147418kg
       Max. Speed: 853km/h  Ceiling: 8840m  Range:
       Armament:
E-4, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4)
       Developed from the 747. Flying command center for the USA,
       supposed to survive when command centers on the ground are
       wiped out.
       Type: E-4A
       Task: airborne command center
       Year: 1973  Crew: 28  Engines: 4 * 23800kg G.E. F103-GE-100
       Max. Speed: 978km/h  Ceiling: 13715m  Max. Range: 10460km
       Armament: none
E-5 Eagle, Windecker
       (M-USA-A-X-?N-N-?)
       A light, composite aircraft, based on the commercial Windecker
       Eagle. The E-5 was used to investigate it Stealth characteristics.
       Shielding the remainging metal parts was a problem, and the
       technology of composite construction was not yet advanced enough
       for the design of combat aircraft. One YE-5A was built.
E-6 Mercury, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4)
       The E-6 TACAMO aircraft carries equipment to provide
       communications between the US command and the USN's
       nuclear submarines. The fuselage is almost identical to
       that of the {E-3} or 707, but the E-6 carries VLF radios
       with trailing wire anntennas, a 8530m long vertical antenna
       and a 1520m long horizontal antenna. In 1997 the E-6B
       appeared, with a direct control link to missiles aboard
       submarines, aircraft, and silos. 
       Type: E-6A
       Task: Communications
       Year: 1989  Crew: 9-18  Engines: 4 * 10900kg CFM56-2A2
       Wing Span: 45.16m  Length: 46.61m  Height: 12.93m  Wing Area: 283.4m2
       Empty Weight: 78378kg  Max.Weight: 155128kg
       Max. Speed: 981km/h  Ceiling: 12800m  Max. Range: 11760km
E-8 J-STARS, Northrop Grumman 
       (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4)
       This is yet another military version of the Boeing 707. The E-8
       carries a synthetic aperture radar, in a large gondola under the
       fuselage, to detect enemy ground forces at long distance and then
       direct the attack on them. Originally it was named E{C-18}.
       Prototypes participated in the second Gulf War, but the first
       (E-8C) production aircraft were delivered in 1996.
       Type: E-8
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1988  Crew:   Engines: 4 *
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
E-9, de Havilland Canada
       (M-CANADA-A-E-HN-N-TW4)
       A EW development of the Dash 8 airliner. A large side-looking radar
       is fitted to the starboard side of the fuselage, and a surveillance
       radar in a ventral radome. The two E-9As are employed to track
       missile and aircraft tests.
E-767, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-E-LS-N-JU4)
       This is an AWACS development for Japan of the Boeing 767-27C. The
       Boeing 707 airframe, which was the basis for the {E-3}, was no
       longer in production; so the 767 was used. 
EA, Boeing
       (?-USA-A-T-B-?-?)
       Biplane trainer. The two EA's were the 6th and 7th aircraft built
       by Boeing.
EM, Elias
       (I-USA-A|AS-F-B-N-IL1)
       The EM was a biplane multi-role aircraft, expected to act as
       two-seat fighter, light bomber and observation aircraft. Six were
       ordered by the USMC and five by the USN. They were flown with
       wheeled and several types of float undercarriages. Ten built.
       Type: EM-2
       Function: fighter / bomber / reconaissance 
       Year: 1922  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty
       Wing Span: 12.09m  Length: 8.68m  Height: 3.28m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1776kg
       Speed: 178km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
EO, Elias 
       (I-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-IL1)
       One of the {EM}s delivered to the US Navy was used as observation
       aircraft and named EO-1.
ER-2, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-R|E-MN-N-J1)
       ER for 'earth resources'. This designation was given to {U-2}
       aircraft serving with NASA. Two aircraft.
EX, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-E-*-N-T2)
       Design study for a new AEW aircraft, to replace the {E-2} Hawkeye.
       The EX has a diamond shaped wing: a backswept, dihedralled wing
       with its root at the front fuselage and an anhedralled, forward
       swept wing with its roots at the tailfin join at the tips. The
       radar would be a phased-array system, installed along the wing
       span to give 360 degrees coverage. Crew of four, powered by two
       41.3kN TF34-GE-400 engines, and with a 1260kW T700-GE-401 as APU
       for the radar. Design revealed in 1992.
--F---------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-1 Fury, North American
       (P-USA-AC-AF-LS-N-J1)
       Former {FJ} Fury.
F-2 Banshee, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       Former {F2H}.
F-2, Beech
       (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-ARW2)
       Reconaissance version of the Beech 18, also known as the U{C-45}
       transport and {AT-11} trainer in USAAF service. The F-2 was the
       first model ordered by the USAAF. 
F2A Buffalo, Brewster
       (S-USA-AC-F-MN-N-AR1)
       The F2A was the first monoplane carrier fighter of the USN, designed
       in response to a requirement issued in 1935. The F2A had a small
       barrel-shaped fuselage, small wings, retractable narrow-track landing
       gear and an enclosed cockpit. The undercarriage was insufficiently
       strong for carrier operations. The F2A was originally preferred by
       the USN over the Grumman F4F-2 Wildcat, later to gain fame in much
       redesigned form. It entered service in 1939, but already in 1941 it
       was being replaced by the {F4F}, and the only US unit to use it in
       combat was an USMC squadron defending Midway. The F2A was not a bad
       aircraft, but a poor basis for further development. It was also
       totally outclassed by the Mitshubishi {A6M} Reisen "Zero" and proved
       a disaster in combat. Export versions had a more succes, notably
       in Finland. The RAF named it 'Buffalo'.
       Type: F2A-3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 895kW Wright R-1820-40
       Wing Span: 10.67m  Length: 8.03m  Height: 3.86m  Wing Area: 19.41m2
       Empty Weight: 2146kg  Max.Weight: 3247kg
       Max. Speed: 517km/h  Ceiling: 10120m  Max. Range: 1550km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*b45kg
F2B, Boeing 
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane carrier fighter, of mixed construction and powered by a
       radial engine. 35 were built.
       Type: F2B-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 310kW P&W Wasp
       Wing Span: 9.17m  Length: 6.98m  Height: 2.81m  Wing Area: 22.57m
       Empty Weight: 902kg  Max.Weight: 1272kg
       Max. Speed: 254km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Max. Range: 577km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
F2C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1)
       Designation assigned to the {R2C} racing aircraft.
F2D Banshee, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       Later renamed {F2H}.
F2F, Grumman
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       This small barrel-shaped biplane owed much of its design to the {FF}.
       It was smaller and a single-seater, but the forward fuselage remained
       bulky, providing room for the undercarriage. Performance was
       excellent and the USN ordered 55 F2Fs, for that time a very large
       order. Some 219 were built of the F2F and {F3F} together.
       Type: F2F-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 515kW P&W R-1535-72
       Wing Span: 8.69m  Length: 6.53m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 21.37m2
       Empty Weight: 1221kg  Max.Weight: 1745kg
       Max. Speed: 371km/h  Ceiling: 8250m  Max. Range: 1585km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F2G, Eberhart
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       The XF2G-1 was a modification of the {FG}, having a float
       undercarriage with a single central float instead of the cross-axle
       wheeled landing gear of the XFG-1. Development was abandoned after
       the destruction of the prototype.
       Type: XF2G-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W R-1340-D
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 8.02m  Height: 2.99m  Wing Area: 22.41m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1425kg
       Speed: 253km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
F2G, Goodyear
       (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       High-powered development of the Vought {F4U} Corsair intended to
       counter Kamikaze-attacks. Goodyear was a major produced of the F4U,
       under the designation of {FG}. Apart from the new and 50% more
       powerful engine, the F2G had a bubble canopy, a larger tail, and
       more fuel. At the end of the war, production orders for over
       400 aircraft, most for the USMC, were cancelled. Only 18 built,
       of which five were F2G-1s with fixed wings and five F2G-2s with
       folding wings. Performance was not considered sufficiently better
       than that of the F4U to warrant continuation of the production;
       and handling had suffered. 
       Type: F2G-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2685kW P&W R-4360-4
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 10.29m  Height: 4.90m  Wing Area: 29.17m2
       Empty Weight: 4649kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 694km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
F2H Banshee, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       The F2H was an enlarged development of the {FH} Phantom. Like the FH
       it was a straightforward twin-engined, straight-wing carrier jet
       fighter. Performance was not very impressive, but if it lacked
       glamour, it also lacked vices, and the good handling qualities made
       the F2H popular with its pilots. The F2H-3 was a long-range
       all-weather development. The Banshee was used as fighter-bomber and
       reconaissance aircraft in Korea. 892 built.
       Type: F2H-3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1480kg Westinghouse J34-WE-34
       Wing Span: 12.73m  Length: 14.68m  Height: 4.42m  Wing Area: 27.31m2
       Empty Weight: 5980kg  Max.Weight: 11437kg
       Max. Speed: 933km/h  Ceiling: 14200m  Max. Range: 1880km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 454kg
F2J, Berliner-Joyce
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       Naval version of the {P-16}, powered by a Wright radial engine
       instead of the liquid-cooled Curtiss Conqueror of the P-16. It
       had the misfortune of competing with the Grumman {FF}. One built.
       Type: XF2J-1
       Task: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 *  625hp P&W R-1510-92
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.78m  Height:   Wing Area: 28.19m2
       Empty Weight: 1456kg  Max.Weight: 2059kg
       Max. Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 840kg
       Armament:
F2L, Bell
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Some sources indicate that this was a variation on the {P-39}Q
       Airacobra used by the USN as target aircraft, designated F2L-1K.
       Others that it was a the {P-59} Airacomet tested by the USN.
       Probably it was both, and the confusion was created deliberately,
       for secrecy.
F2M, General Motors
       (S-USA-AS-F-MN-N-AR1)
       Proposed development of the {FM}, with a turbosupercharged 
       Wright R-1820 engine. Not built.
F2R Dark Shark, Ryan 
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-T1&J1)
       This was a development of the {FR} Fireball with a turboprop
       engine in the nose instead of the R-1820 radial. One was built,
       a conversion from an FR-1. 
       Type: XF2R-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1946 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 726kg General Electric J31-GE-3
                                     1 *       General Electric XT31-GE-2
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 10.97m  Height: 4.27m  Wing Area: 28.33m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 4990kg
       Max. Speed: 800km/h  Ceiling: 11920m  Max. Range: 
       Armament:
F2T Black Widow, Northrop
       (S-USA-A-F-MN-T-ARW2)
       The USN acquired 12 {P-61}s as land-based night fighters, and
       these were given the designation F2T. However, they did only
       enter service after WWII, and only as trainers, because the
       USN preferred the carrier-capable {F7F} as nighfighter.
F2U, Vought
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat fleet-defence fighter, a biplane of mixed construction.
       The F2U arrived too late, the competing {F8C} was already in
       production. One built.
       Type: XF2U-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Pratt & Whitney R-1340C
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.23m  Height: 3.05m  Wing Area: 29.59m2
       Empty Weight: 1148kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 797km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
F2Y Sea Dart, Convair
       (P-USA-AF-F-MD-N-J2)
       The F2Y was unique: A supersonic flying boat fighter! It had a delta
       wing, waterski landing gear and a boat-shaped fuselage. The engines
       were recessed in the top of the fuselage. The engines never reached
       their expected power, and there were problems with severe vibrations
       of the skis. As could have been expected, the requirement for such
       an aircraft soon vaporized. Four were built.
       Type: XF2Y-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1953 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * Westinghouse J34-WE-32
       Wing Span: 10.26m  Length: 16.03m  Height: 6.32m  Wing Area: 52.30m2
       Empty Weight: 5793kg  Max.Weight: 7497kg
       Max. Speed: 1328km/h  Ceiling: 15300m  Max. Range:
       Armament: 21500lb (never fitted)
F-3 Demon, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AC-F-LS-N-J1)
       Former {F3H}, see there.
F-3 Havoc, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-ARW2)
       Reconaissance version of the {A-20} bomber.
F3A Corsair, Brewster
       (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Vought {F4U} Corsair built by Brewster. The F3A-1 was similar to
       the F4U-1; 738 were built. The rest of the contract was cancelled
       by the USN, and production halted. Brewster was closed down.
F3B, Boeing
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter, developed from {F2B}. The XF3B-1 was first intended
       as a floatplane fighter, but as such it was rejected by the USN.
       After a redesign 74 were ordered with wheeled landing gear. 
       Type: F3B-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 315kW P&W Wasp R-1340-80
       Wing Span: 10.06m  Length: 7.57m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 25.55m2
       Empty Weight: 988kg  Max.Weight: 1336kg
       Max. Speed: 253km/h  Ceiling: 6570m  Max. Range: 805km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
F3C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1)
       Designation assigned to the {R3C} racing aircraft.
F3D Skynight, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       Large twin-engined, straight-wing night fighter. The F3D was a
       heavy aircraft, and the two J34 engines were too weak to give
       it more than mediocre performance. But it was pleasant to fly
       and well equipped. The F3D saw combat in Korea, and had a good
       combat record. Some were used as ECM aircraft until 1969. 268
       built.
       Type: F3D-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1542kg Westinghouse J34-WE-36
       Wing Span: 15.24m  Length: 13.97m  Height: 4.88m  Wing Area: 37.16m2
       Empty Weight: 8237kg  Max.Weight: 12179kg
       Max. Speed: 965km/h  Ceiling: 12160m  Max. Range: 1930km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F3F, Grumman
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Development of the {F2F} fighter biplane. The F3F was longer and
       had a more powerful engine. The F3F had good performance and very
       good handling. It was much liked by its pilots, but quickly neared
       obsolesence when monoplane fighters were introduced.
       Type: F3F-3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 700kW Wright R-1820-22
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 7.06m  Height: 2.84m  Wing Area: 24.15m2
       Empty Weight: 1490kg  Max.Weight: 2175kg
       Max. Speed: 425 km/h  Ceiling: 10120m  Max. Range: 1600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F3H Demon, McDonnell 
       (P-USA-AC-F-LS-N-J1)
       The F3H swept-wing transsonic jet fighter was underpowered, but
       served a short period with the USN. The original F3H-1N was
       completely unairworthy because of its unreliable Westinghouse
       J40 engine. The F3H-2 was better, but arrived late and was soon
       retired. It had moderate wing sweep, and typical half-circular
       intakes. At the time the Demon was built the USN was switching
       to missile armament, and some carried early versions of the
       AIM-7 Sparrow and AIM-9 Sidewinder. 519 built.
       Type: F3H-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1957 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 4400kg Allison J71-A-2E
       Wing Span: 10.77m  Length: 17.96m  Height: 4.44m  Wing Area: 48.22m2
       Empty Weight: 10039kg  Max.Weight: 15377kg
       Max. Speed: 1040km/h  Ceiling: 13000m  Max. Range: 2200km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F3J, Berliner-Joyce
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       One of the last biplane fighters developed for the USN. The F3J had
       an all-metal, semi-monococque construction and an enclosed cockpit.
       Wing outline was pseudo-elliptical, with a narrow centre-section. 
       The F3J flew well but the USN preferred the Grumman {F2F}. 
       Type: XF3J-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 625hp Wright R-1510-26
       Wing Span: 8.84m  Length: 6.98m  Height: 3.28m  Wing Area: 22.26m2
       Empty Weight: 1233kg  Max.Weight: 2000kg
       Speed: 336kg  Ceiling:   Range: 1157kg
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 2*b53kg
F3M Bearcat, General Motors 
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       GM-built Grumman {F8F} Bearcat.
F3U, Vought
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat fighter biplane, an all-metal biplane with a cosed cockpit.
       It did not enter production, because the USN lost interest in two-
       seat fighters. One built.
       Type: XF3U-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * P&W R-1535-64
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 8.09m  Height: 3.33m  Wing Area: 27.37m2
       Empty Weight: 1558kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 338km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 917km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
F3W Apache, Wright
       (I-USA-AS|AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The F3W was to operate from battleships
       with a float undercarriage, and from carriers with a wheeled
       undercarriage. It was not ordered. The prototype ended its career
       as an engine testbed. 
       Type: XF3W-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 315kW P&W R-1340B Wasp
       Wing Span: 8.33m  Length: 6.73m  Height: 2.59m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 641kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 261km/h  Ceiling: 10180m  Max. Range: 
       Armament:
F-4 Phantom II, McDonnell
       (P-USA-A-F|R|A-LS-N-J2)
       The big F-4 fighter-bomber was gradually evolved from the {F3H},
       with which it had no more than a configurational similarity.
       Despite its size and bulky look, the F-4 had excellent performance
       and good manoeuvrability; it was adopted by both the USN and the
       USAF. Early F-4's had no fixed gun, but this was corrected after
       combat experience in Vietnam showed the need for one. Over 5000
       were built, making the F-4 one of the most numerous modern combat
       aircraft. Many are still in service. Now and then, plans are
       announced to upgrade the F-4 with new engines and electronics.
       The RF-4 is a recce version of the F-4 fighter with a camera nose.
       Currently retired F-4s are being converted into QF-4 target
       drones, 
       Type: F-4E
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1967  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 8120kg GE J79-GE-17A
       Wing Span: 11.71m  Length: 19.20m  Height: 5.03m  Wing Area: 49.24m2
       Empty Weight: 13397kg  Max.Weight: 17964kg
       Max. Speed: 2410km/h  Ceiling: 21600m  Max. Range: 4180km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 1370kg 5888kg 4*AIM-7
F-4 Lightning, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-R-N-T-IL2)
       Reconaissance version of the {P-38} fighter.
F4B, Boeing
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter, the naval version of the {P-12}. The F4B/P-12
       series is often considered to be the classical example of US
       interbellum biplane fighters. The F4B served nine years with
       the USN in four versions, and was also exported. 
       Type: F4B-4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 400kW P&W R-1340-16
       Wing Span: 9.14m  Length: 6.12m  Height: 2.84m  Wing Area: 21.13m2
       Empty Weight: 1068kg  Max.Weight: 1638kg
       Max. Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 8200m  Max. Range: 600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F4C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       All-metal development of the {TS-1} (also known as {FC}). The F4C
       was a small biplane fighter. Only two built.
       Type: F4C-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Wright J-3
       Wing Span: 7.62m  Length: 5.59m  Height: 2.67m  Wing Area: 17.19m2
       Empty Weight: 466kg  Max.Weight: 774kg
       Speed: 203km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 845km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F4D Skyray, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-F-MD-N-J1)
       Delta-winged jet fighter, based on German wartime research. The
       original Westinghouse J40 engine had to be abandoned because of
       continuing problems, and this delayed service entry. With the J57
       engine, performance was entirely satisfactory. But the F4D was
       phased out rather quickly in favour of even more advanced designs,
       also because it was a too highly specialized interceptor. The
       F4D-2N became the {F5D}. 421 built.
       Type: F4D-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1956 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7300kg P&W J57-P-8B
       Wing Span: 10.21m  Length: 13.79m  Height: 3.96m  Wing Area: 51.75m2
       Empty Weight: 7268kg  Max.Weight: 12300kg
       Max. Speed: 1210km/h  Ceiling: 16900m  Max. Range: 1930km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 1814kg
F4F, Grumman 
       (S-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       The XF4F-1 was a biplane fighter design, a development of the
       {F3F}. It was cancelled in favour of the monoplane X{F4F}-2.
F4F Wildcat, Grumman 
       (S-USA-AC-F-MN-N-AR1)
       The Wildcat was the main shipboard fighter when the US entered
       WWII. The F4F was barrel-shaped, with angular wingtips and
       rudder and a narrow-track undercarriage. The Mitsubishi {A6M}
       outperformed it, but the F4F was well-armed and reliable, and
       was a natural shipboard aircraft, probably easier to land on
       a carrier deck than on land. It set the reputation of Grumman
       for building immensely strong aircraft. The F4F never had a
       operational speed limitation. Production continued to the end
       of the war, mainly for use on escort carriers; General Motors
       built it as the {FM}. 7815 were built.
       Type: F4F-4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-86
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 8.76m  Height: 2.81m  Wing Area: 24.15m2
       Empty Weight: 2612kg  Max.Weight: 3607kg
       Max. Speed: 512km/h  Ceiling: 10600m  Max. Range: 2050km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b45kg
F4H Phantom II, McDonnell 
       (P-USA-A-F|R|A-LS-N-J2)
       Renamed {F-4}.
F4U Corsair, Chance-Vought 
       (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The F4U was one of the most successful fighters of WWII. It achieved
       a claimed 11.3 to 1 'kill ratio' in the Pacific. It was fast, but 
       had some handling problems, and early versions tended to 'bounce' 
       upon landing because of their stiff undercarriage. Therefore it was
       at first restricted to land-based marine units, and equipped all USMC
       fighter units in the Pacific in the second half of 1943. After some
       modifications, it was used also for shipboard operations, but
       continued to require careful handling. The vast majority of WWII F4U
       sorties (54470 out of 64051) were flown from land bases. The F4U had 
       an inverted gull wing, a streamlined fuselage of circular
       cross-section and a big propeller. The cockpit was set well back,
       and the restricted view was a serious problem. 12571 were built,
       of which 4017 by Goodyear and 735 by Brewster as the {FG} and {F3A},
       respectively.
       Type: F4U-1A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 1490kW P&W R-2800-8
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 10.16m  Height: 4.90m  Wing Area: 29.17m2
       Empty Weight: 4074kg  Max.Weight: 6350kg
       Max. Speed: 671km/h  Ceiling: 11245m  Max. Range: 1640km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
       Type: F4U-4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2350hp P&W R-2800-18W
       Wing Span: 12.49m  Length: 10.13m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 29.17m2
       Empty Weight: 4238kg  Max.Weight: 6592kg
       Max. Speed: 684km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 1*b454kg 2*b726kg
F4W Bearcat, Canadian Car and Foundry Co 
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Plans to produce the {F8F} Bearcat as F4W did not materialize.
F-5 Freedom Fighter, Northrop
       (M|P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J2|J1)
       The F-5 was developed as a cheap 'export fighter' for military
       assistance programs. It was a small jet fighter with short-span
       wings, twin-engined and optimized for easy maintenance. The F-5
       was never used on a large scale by the USAF, but because of
       characteristics similar to the {MiG-21}, the F-5 was used as
       'agressor' aircraft. The USAF did also use the closely related
       {T-38} supersonic trainer. While the F-5A (799 built) was a very
       basic aircraft with minimal equipment, the F-5E Tiger II (1166
       built) was much more capable. Finally, the much-modified,
       single-engined F-5G was renamed {F-20}. At least 28 countries
       used the F-5.
       Type: F-5A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1963 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1800kg G.E. J85-GE-13
       Wing Span: 7.70m  Length: 14.38m  Height: 4.01m  Wing Area: 15.79m2
       Empty Weight: 3667kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1490km/h  Ceiling: 15200m  Max. Range: 2600km
       Armament: 2*g20mm
       Type: F-5E
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1973 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 22.24kN G.E. J85-GE-21A
       Wing Span: 8.13m  Length: 14.68m  Height: 4.08m  Wing Area: 17.28m2
       Empty Weight: 4410kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: M1.64  Ceiling: 15790m  Max. Range: 2860km
       Armament: 2*g20mm
F-5 Lightning, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-R-N-T-IL2)
       Unarmed reconaissance version of the {P-38} fighter.
F5B, Boeing
       (I-USA-AC-F-PN-N-AR1)
       Designation given to a naval derivative of the Boeing X{P-15}
       parasol monoplane fighter.
F5C, Curtiss
       Designation not assigned, to avoid confusion with the Curtiss F.5
       flying boat. 
F5D Skylancer, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-F-MD-N-J1)
       Development of the {F4D} Skyray, retaining only the basic planform
       of the F4D. The wing was thinner, the engine more powerful, and the
       fuselage longer and more slender. The F5D was cancelled in favor
       of the {F8U}, and the planned version with the J79 engine never
       flew. Five built.
       Type: F5D-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7258kg P&W J57-P-8
       Wing Span: 10.21m  Length: 16.40m  Height: 4.51m  Wing Area: 51.75m2
       Empty Weight: 7912kg  Max.Weight: 13120kg
       Max. Speed: 1534km/h Ceiling:   Max. Range: 2148km
       Armament: 4*g20mm or 72*r2in, and two AAMs. 
F5F Skyrocket, Grumman
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-ARW2)
       Experimental twin-engined shipboard fighter, designed as a fast
       interceptor. The F5F was unusual because the nose of the fuselage
       ended well before the wing leading edge and the engines; it had twin
       fins and rudders. Performance was good, but handling of the F5F was
       unsatisfactory because of aerodynamical problems, and forward
       visibility was considered too limited for carrier landings. Also,
       Grumman was already heavily loaded with the production of other
       aircraft. Only one XF5F-1 and one X{P-50} were built.
       Type: XF5F-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 880kW Wright XR-1820-40/42
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 8.75m  Height: 3.45m  Wing Area: 28.19m2
       Empty Weight: 3677kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 616km/h  Ceiling: 10100m  Max. Range: 1930km
       Armament:
F.5.L, Curtiss
       (F-GB-AF-P-B-N-ILB2)
       The British Felixstowe factory built a series of improved Curtiss
       {H} flying boats. The F.5.L was an USA-built version of the
       Felixstowe {F.5}.
       Type: F.5.L
       Function: reconaissance / ASW
       Year: 1922  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 420hp Liberty 12
       Speed: 87mph  Ceiling:    Range: 850mls
       Armament:
F5U, Chance-Vought
       (P-USA-A-F-*-F-AR2)
       This was an unusual pancake-shaped fighter prototype. One
       was built (plus a static test example) but it never really
       flew, only making a brief hop during taxiing tests. The V-173
       technology demonstrator flew well, however. At least a picture
       exists of a WWII German aircraft of similar 'flying saucer' design.
       Type: XF5U-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1946 Crew: 1   Engines: 2 * 1180kW P&W R-2000-7
       Max. Speed: 811km/h  Ceiling: 9750m  Max. Range: 1465km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm or 4*g20mm, 2*b227kg
F-6 Skyray, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-F-MD-N-J1)
       Former {F4D}, see there.
F-6 Mustang, North American
       (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-IL1)
       Reconaissance version of the {P-51} fighter.
F6B, Boeing
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       The last Boeing-built biplane fighter. The F6B was of all-metal
       construction. Because of its ability to carry a 227kg bomb, it was
       redesignated XBFB-1. No production.
       Type: XF6B-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 625hp P&W R-1535
       Wing Span: 8.69m  Length: 6.74m  Height: 3.22m  Wing Area: 32.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1038kg  Max.Weight: 1680kg
       Speed: 322km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 845kg
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 227kg
F6C Hawk, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       Biplane fighter. This was another member of the Curtiss Hawk
       family, a naval version of the {P-1}. Early F6Cs were navalized
       P-1s, with the same V-1150 in-line engine and provision for
       float landing gear. The US Navy decided to standardize on radial
       engines in 1927, and the F6C-4 was powered by the R-1340 radial.
       Later several other engines were also experimented with. The F6C
       remained in the first-line squadrons until 1930. 
       Type: F6C-4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 306kW P&W R-1340 Wasp
       Wing Span: 11.43m  Length: 6.86m  Height: 3.33m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 898kg  Max.Weight: 14238kg
       Max. Speed: 255km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Max. Range: 580km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F6D Missileer, Douglas
       (P-USA-AC-F-?-?-J2)
       Project for a large subsonic missile-carrier, powered with two
       P&W TF30-P-2 engines. The three-man crew would be able to make
       six hour patrol flights, and lauch six long-range Eagle missiles to
       intruders. Cancelled.
F6F Hellcat, Grumman
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The F6F design began as a development of the {F4F} powered by the
       R-2600 engine, but soon evolved into a much larger and more capable
       aircraft, with the R-2800 engine. The F6F was designed and put into
       service in a very short period, assuring the ascendance of the USN
       over the {A6M} 'Zero' from the second half of 1943 onwards. It was
       credited with 76% of all aircraft destroyed by USN carrier fighters.
       In line with Grumman tradition, the F6F was a rugged aircraft that
       lacked easthetic appeal. Typical features were a tail-down attitude
       in level flight, because of the engine trust line, and the biggest
       wings fitted to a WWII fighter. Some were converted into unmanned
       flying bombs, used in Korea. 12275 built.
       Type: F6F-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1620kW P&W R-2800-10W
       Wing Span: 13.06m  Length: 10.24m  Height: 4.11m  Wing Area: 31.03m2
       Empty Weight: 4152kg  Max.Weight: 6991kg
       Max. Speed: 611km/h  Ceiling: 11400m  Max. Range: 2100km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
F6U Pirate, Vought
       (P-USA-AC-F-LN-N-J1)
       Straight-wing jet fighter, an ugly and unsuccessful aircraft.
       The design was conventional, with straight wings, a blunt nose,
       small wing root jet intakes, and small additional fins at the
       tips of the tailplane. The construction was innovative, with use
       of glassfibre and balsa wood. The F6U was underpowered, and was
       modified to become the first operational jet fighter with an
       afterburner. Even then the performance was described as
       "sub-marginal", and they were assigned to development tasks and
       training. 33 built.
       Type: F6U-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1916kg Westinghouse J34-WE-30
       Wing Span: 10.00m  Length: 11.48m  Height: 3.93m  Wing Area: 18.90m2
       Empty Weight: 3320kg  Max.Weight: 5851kg
       Max. Speed: 959km/h  Ceiling: 14100m  Max. Range: 1880km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F-7 Sea Dart, Convair 
       (P-USA-AF-F-MD-N-J2)
       Former {F2Y}, see there.
F-7 Liberator, Consolidated 
       (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-ARW4)
       Reconnaissance version of the {B-24} bomber.
F7B, Boeing
       (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The F7B was built in 1934 as a modern, monoplane carrier-borne
       fighter aircraft. The USN decided to continue its use of biplane
       fighters; the landing speed of the F7B was considered too high.
       One built.
       Type: XF7B-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 550hp P&W SR-1340-30
       Wing Span: 9.73m  Length: 8.41m  Height: 2.26m  Wing Area: 19.79m2
       Empty Weight: 1262kg  Max.Weight: 1656kg
       Max. Speed: 375km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 1207km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F7C Sea Hawk, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Only 17 were built of this biplane fighter. This was not an
       adaptation of a land-based Curtiss Hawk, but an all-new design,
       specifically for shipboard use. 18 were built, all production
       aircraft being used by the USMC. 
       Type: F7C-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-1340-B Wasp
       Wing Span: 9.96m  Length: 6.75m  Height: 3.15m  Wing Area: 25.64m2
       Empty Weight: 924kg  Max.Weight: 1262kg
       Max. Speed: 242km/h  Ceiling: 7120m  Max. Range: 530km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F7F Tigercat, Grumman
       (S-USA-AC-F-HN-N-ARW2)
       The F7F was a fast twin-engined fighter, designed with a very
       slender fuselage and two radial powerful engines. Too late for
       WWII, it proved useful in a variety of roles, but was built in
       relatively small numbers. It was the first twin-engined shipboard
       aircraft to go in service, and its weight and speed at first
       restricted it land-based service with the USMC. Only the last
       version, F7F-4N, was considered fully acceptable for carrier use.
       Nightfighter versions of the F7F were in service with the USMC
       until 1952.
       Type: F7F-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1545kW P&W R-2800-22W
       Wing Span: 15.7m  Length: 13.85m  Height: 5.06m  Wing Area: 42.27m2
       Empty Weight: 7238kg  Max.Weight: 10730kg
       Max. Speed: 687km/h  Ceiling: 11000m  Max. Range: 2880km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
F7U Cutlass, Vought
       (P-USA-AC-F-MS-F-J2]
       Very unusual Vought design for a tailless fighter, with a swept
       wing and twin fins on the trailing edge near mid-span. The
       original F7U-1 was very unsatisfactory; after much redesign the
       F7U-3 entered service. It enjoyed only limited succes and service,
       and had a bad safety record: over about 25% were lost in accidents
       in three years of service. 290 built.
       Type: F7U-3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1951  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 2785kg Westinghouse J46-WE-8A
       Wing Span: 12.10m  Length: 13.50m  Height: 4.45m  Wing Area: 46.08m2
       Empty Weight: 8267kg  Max.Weight: 14365kg
       Max. Speed: 1094km/h  Ceiling: 12200m  Max. Range: 1060km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 907kg
F-8 Crusader, Vought
       (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J1)
       Before the introduction of the 'tri-service' designation system
       this aircraft was known as the F8U. It originally was a fast
       dayfighter, but later models were capable of all-weather operations.
       The problem of putting a powerful, heavy supersonic fighter on a
       carrier deck was solved by giving the F-8 a variable incidence wing,
       and it could operate even from smaller carriers. The Crusaders sold
       to the French 'Aeronavale' (which are still in service) had further
       modifications to reduce landing speed. The F-8 enjoyed a long and
       distinguished career, and was still very effective in Vietnam. 
       There was also an RF-8 reconnaissance version, with a large
       rectangular fairing under the forward fuselage housing cameras. The
       F8U-3 was a totally new design, superficially similar, but with
       large belly fins and different nose contours; it did not enter
       service. 1305 built. 
       Type: F-8D (F8U-2N)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1958 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 8165kg P&W J57-P-20
       Wing Span: 10.87m  Length: 16.53m  Height: 4.80m  Wing Area: 34.84m2
       Empty Weight: 7957kg  Max.Weight: 13154kg
       Max. Speed: 1976km/h  Ceiling: 17700m  Max. Range: 2795km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
       Type: RF-8A (F8U-1P)
       Function: reconaissance 
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7258kg P&W J75-P-4
       Speed: 1589km/h  Ceiling: 15790m  Range: 3233km
       Type: F8U-3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1958  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 13381kg P&W J75-P-5A
       Wing Span: 12.16m  Length: 17.88m  Height: 4.98m  Wing Area: 41.80m2
       Empty Weight: 9917kg  Max.Weight: 17587kg
       Speed: 2832km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3289km
       Armament: 
F-8 Mosquito, de Havilland
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ILW2)
       Reconnaissance version of the British DH {Mosquito}, in service
       with the USAAF. Modification of the Mosquito Mk.XX bomber.
F8B, Boeing
       (S-USA-AC-FA-LN-N-AR1)
       The big F8B was too late to fight in WWII. It was more a long-range
       attack aircraft than a fighter. The F8B was among the heaviest and
       most powerful single-engined aircraft built during WWII. It had an
       internal bomb-bay for four 500lb or two 1600lb bombs, as well as
       external bomb racks. First flight was on 27 November 1944. Intended 
       for an invasion of Japan, it was cancelled after the end of WWII.
       Three built.
       Type: XF8B-1
       Function: attack / fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2237kW P&W XR-4360-10
       Wing Span: 16.46m  Length: 13.18m  Height: 4.95m  Wing Area: 45.43m2
       Empty Weight: 6132kg  Max.Weight: 9302kg
       Max. Speed: 695km/h  Ceiling: 11430m  Max. Range: 5630km
       Armament: 6*g20mm 1451kg
F8C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-FAR-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat biplane fighter, developed from the {O-12}, itself a
       development of the {O-1}. The USN saw it as a multi-role aircraft 
       and redesignated the F8C-1 and F8C-3 as the OC-1 and OC-2,
       respectively. The XF8C-2, F8C-4 and F8C-5 were thoroughly
       redesigned, to act as dive-bombers as well as two-seat fighters. 
       These models were known (unofficially) as 'Helldiver'. The USN
       later redesignated them O2C. 27 built of the F8C-1 and F8C-3,
       about 75 of the later models. 
       Type: F8C-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 430hp P&W R-1340B
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 8.51m  Height: 3.55m  Wing Area: 32.52m2
       Empty Weight: 1141kg  Max.Weight: 1901kg
       Speed: 232km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1046km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
       Type: F8C-4
       Function: fighter / attack
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * P&W R-1340-88
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 7.82m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 28.61m2
       Empty Weight: 1140kg  Max.Weight: 1716kg
       Max. Speed: 237km/h  Ceiling: 5300m  Max. Range: 730km
       Armament: mg b227kg
F8F Bearcat, Grumman
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The supreme radial-engined shipboard fighter design. Was too late 
       for WWII. The F8F, a reaction on the continuous weight and size 
       increases, combined a very powerful engine with an airframe that 
       was small enough to be put on board of escort carriers. However, 
       it had limited armament and short range. Despite the end of the 
       war, 1266 were built. Some saw action with the French airforce in
       Inochina.
       Type: F8F-1B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1566kW P&W R-2800-34W
       Wing Span: 10.92m  Length: 8.61m  Height: 4.22m  Wing Area: 22.67m2
       Empty Weight: 3207kg  Max.Weight: 5873kg
       Max. Speed: 678km/h  Ceiling: 11800m  Max. Range: 3160km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b454kg
F8U Crusader, Vought 
       (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J1)
       Renamed {F-8}, see there.
F-9 Cougar, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-F-LN|LS-N-J1)
       Former {F9F} Cougar, see there. 
F-9 Flying Fortress, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-ARW4)
       Reconaissance version of the {B-17} bomber. These were conversions
       of B-17F and B-17G bombers,
F9C Sparrowhawk, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC|A*-F-B-N-AR1)
       The F9C was originally designed as a lightweight carrier fighter.
       For this role it was rejected, but it found a new life as a 
       parasite fighter carried by airships. For this purpose a large hook
       and rail were fitted on top of the upper wing, that enabled it to
       catch on to the airship. Eight built. 
       Type: F9C-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew:1  Engines: 1 * 310kW Wright R-975
       Wing Span: 7.75m  Length: 6.27m  Height: 3.34m  Wing Area: 16.07m2
       Empty Weight: 947kg  Max.Weight: 1256kg
       Max. Speed: 283km/h  Ceiling: 5800m  Max. Range: 560km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F9F, Grumman
       (P-USA-A-F-?-?-?J4)
       The XF9F-1 was a nightfighter project with four 680kg
       Westinghouse J30 engines. It was abandoned.
F9F Panther / Cougar, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-F|R-LN|LS-N-J1)
       The (F9F-2 to F9F-5) Panther was a straight-wing jet fighter.
       The Panther was a straightforward, conventional aircraft, but
       much attention was given to detail refinement and ease of
       maintenance. Its performance and handling were below that required
       for a good fighter, but it did make an excellent fighter-bomber.
       In that role, it saw combat in Korea. Over 1300 were built. The
       (F9F-6 to -8) Cougar had sweptback wings. Commonality with the
       Panther was very limited, and only for political reasons the same
       designation was kept. The Cougar was a good aircraft and was built
       in large numbers, despite the availability of fighters with a higher
       performance.
       Type: F9F-5 Panther
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2800kg P&W J48-P-6A
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 11.84m  Height: 3.73m  Wing Area: 23.23m2
       Empty Weight: 4603kg  Max.Weight: 8492kg
       Max. Speed: 930km/h  Ceiling: 13000m  Max. Range: 2100km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b454kg
       Type: F9F-6 Cougar
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1952 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 3300kg P&W J48-P-8
       Max. Speed: 1100km/h  Ceiling: 15200m  Max. Range: 1600km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F-10 Skynight, Douglas 
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       Former {F3D}, see there. 
F-10, North American 
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW2)
       Reconnaissance version of the {B-25} bomber.
F10C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat fighter, a development of the {F8C}. Also known as
       XF8C-8 or XS3C-1. One built. It was powered by the Curtiss
       R-1510 engine. 
F10F Jaguar, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J1)
       The F10F had a variable geometry wing. Because of the cheek jet
       intakes and the wing sweep mechanism, the fuselage was rather fat.
       Wing sweep could be varied from 13.5 to 42.5 degrees. The
       horizontal tail was controlled by a small tab surface on a
       protruding boom, that was the only part of it connected to the
       pilot's controls. The XF10F-1 demonstrated the handling problems
       of swing-wing aircraft, later solved by the development of fixed
       wing root "gloves". One built.
       Type: XF10F-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1952 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 4945kg Westinghouse XJ40-W-8
       Wing Span: 11.17m/15.42m  Length: 16.59m  Height: 4.95m
       Wing Area: 43.38m2/41.81m2
       Empty Weight: 9265kg  Max.Weight: 16080kg
       Max. Speed: 1143km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 2687km
       Armament:
F-11 Tiger, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-F-MS-N-J1)
       Former {F11F}, see there.
F-11, Hughes
       (S-USA-A-R-HN-T-AR2)
       A very streamlined twin-engined, twin-boom reconnaissance aircraft.
       Only two were built. The F-11 was the subject of a political fight
       after WWII.
       Type: XF-11
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1946  Crew:   Engines: 2 * P&W R-4360-1
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 450mph  Ceiling: 42000ft  Max. Range: 5000mls
       Armament:
F11C Goshawk, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       A member of the Hawk family. The F11C was basically a developed
       {F6C}, using the wings of the X{P-23}. The USN ordered 28 F11C-2s. 
       The F11C-3 had a retractable undercarriage, and was later renamed
       {BF2C}. The F11C-2 was then renamed {BFC}. It remained in service
       until 1938. Export included, the production of the F11C was over
       130. 
       Type: F11C-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 550kW Wrighte SR-1820-78
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.62m  Height: 3.23m  Wing Area: 24.34m2
       Empty Weight: 1378kg  Max.Weight: 1869kg
       Max. Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling: 7400m  Max. Range: 900km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F11F Tiger, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-F-MS-N-J1)
       The F11F (former F9F-9) was a very elegant shipboard fighter from 
       Grumman. It served only a short time with the fleet, because it was 
       overtaken by the rapid developments of that time: the F11F was a 
       pure daylight fighter. The Navy acrobatic team, the 'Blue Angels', 
       flew the F11F for a much longer period. The 'Super Tiger' 
       development with a J79 engine, was promising, but found no customers.
       Type: F11F-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1957 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 5000kg Wright J65-W-18
       Wing Span: 9.64m  Length: 14.31m  Height: 4.03m  Wing Area: 23.23m2
       Empty Weight: 6091kg  Max.Weight: 10052kg
       Max. Speed: 1432km/h  Ceiling: 15400m  Max. Range: 1130km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F-12, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-F-D-N-JW2)
       The YF-12 was an interceptor derivative (?) of the A-12 recce/spy
       aircraft. It is not very clear whether this should be taken serious;
       its potential as a fighter was rather low. The A-12/SR-71 is fast,
       but lacks manoeuverability and is very difficult to operate. The
       YF-12 carried missiles in the large nose chines. The three YF-12s
       were single-seat modifications of the A-12 series.
       Type: YF-12
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1962 Crew: 2   Engines: 2 * 14740kg P&W J58
       Wing Span: 16.94m  Length: 30.99m  Height: 5.56m  Wing Area: 166.75m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 3661km/h  Ceiling: 24400m  Max. Range: 4800km
       Armament: 4*msl AIM-47A
F-12 Rainbow, Republic
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW4)
       Strategic recce aircraft, a large, but well-streamlined design
       powered by four fan-cooled R-4360 radials. For high-altitude
       flight the crew had cabin pressurisation. It flew first in 1946.
       Two built.
       Type: XF-12
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1946  Crew: 7  Engines: 4 * 3000ho P&W R-4360-1 
       Wing Span: 39.38m  Length: 28.62m  Height: 8.75m  Wing Area: 152.4m2
       Empty Weight: 33300kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 742km/h at 12200m  Ceiling: 12800m  Range: 5560km
F12C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-PN-N-AR1)
       Parasol-wing two-seat fighter, based a a design by the Bureau of
       Aeronautics of the US Navy. One was built, which was redesignated
       first XS4C-1 and then XSBC-1. The XSBC-2 returned to a biplane
       configuration, and it was this version that entered production. 
       Type: XF12C-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Wright R-1510-92
       Wing Span: 12.65m  Length: 8.86m  Height: 3.94m  Wing Area: 25.27m2
       Empty Weight: 1762kg  Max.Weight: 2477kg
       Speed: 349km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1190km
       Armament: 
F12F, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-F-HS-N-J?)
       Development of the {F11F}. Not built.
F-13 Superfortress, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW4)
       Reconnaissance version of the {B-29}.
F13C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B|PN-N-AR1)
       The XF13C-1 was designed by Curtiss as an all-metal parasol-wing
       monoplane fighter, but with the option of converting it easily
       to XF13C-2 biplane configuration. It was first flown as a biplane,
       then converted to monoplane. The F13C was a clean aircraft, with
       retractable landing gear and a closed cockpit. But the USN selected
       the Grumman F2F/F3F to become its last biplane fighters. The
       reengined XF13C-3 was also a monoplane.
       Type: XF13C-3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 700hp Wright XR-1510-12
       Wing Span: 10.67m  Length: 7.86m  Height: 3.88m  Wing Area: 19.04m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2142kg
       Speed: 373km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 5.2hrs
       Armament: 
F-14, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-R-LN-N-J1)
       Reconnaissance version of the {P-80} fighter. One built, modified
       from a YP-80A; later reconnaissance versions of the P-80 were
       named RF-80.
F-14 Tomcat, Grumman
       (M-USA-AC-F-S-N-J2)
       Large and powerful two-seat shipboard fighter with variable
       geometry wings. The weapons system and the Phoenix missile
       armament are unrivalled for long-distance interceptions, making
       the F-14 one of the most effective heavy fighters. The original
       F-14A model was powered by TF30 engines, but the TF30 was too
       unreliable and not powerful enough. After a lot of
       experimentation, the F110 engine was adopted, and installed in
       new-built F-14Ds or upgraded F-14Bs (Formerly known as F-14A+.)
       The F-14D also introduced digital instead of analog avionics.
       The F-14 is expensive and very maintenance intensive, and the
       only export customer was Iran. 
       Type: F-14A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1972 Crew: 2   Engines: 2 * 9500kg P&W TF30-P-412A
       Wing Span: 19.54m/11.65m  Length: 19.10m  Height: 4.88m  
       Wing Area: 52.49m2
       Empty Weight: 18036kg  Max.Weight: 33724kg
       Max. Speed: 2500km/h  Ceiling: 18300m  Max. Range: 3220km
       Armament: 1*g20mm msl
F14C, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The F14C was originally designed around the liquid-cooled 2200hp 
       Lycoming XH-2470-1 engine. Devlopment of this engine was slow, and
       the XF14C-1 was cancelled. The design was then restarted with the
       R-3350 engine, with a turbosupercharger and contraprops. The heavy 
       fighter had a disappointing performance. One built.
       Type: XF14C-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1690kW Wright XR-3350-16
       Wing Span: 14.03m  Length: 11.51m  Height: 3.76m  Wing Area: 34.84m2
       Empty Weight: 4808kg  Max. Weight: 6620kg
       Max. Speed: 682km/h  Ceiling: 12050m  Max. Range: 2180km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F-15 Eagle, McDonnell Douglas
       (M-USA-A-F-HS-N-J2)
       Big twin-engined air-superiority fighter. The F-15 was the US
       answer to the {MiG-25}. While not as fast, it is a better
       all-round fighter. The armament was optimized to down any
       opponent, although the basic missile types (AIM-9 and AIM-7)
       are the same as carried by the F-4. F-15's made nearly all
       air-to-air 'kills' in the (second) Gulf War. From the F-15
       fighter the F-15E two-seat Strike aircraft was developed,
       which retained retained its air-to-air combat capability,
       but added the equipment for all-weather attack missions.
       The F-15I is an export version for Israel. 
       Type: F-15C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1973  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 106kN P&W F100-PW-100
       Wing Span: 13.05m  Length: 19.43m  Height: 5.63m  Wing Area: 56.48m2
       Empty Weight: 12973kg  Max.Weight: 30844kg 
       Max. Speed: M 2.5  Ceiling: 19200m  Max. Range: 5.25hrs
       Armament: 1*g20mm 7300kg
F-15 Reporter, Northrop
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-T-ARW2)
       Reconaissance version of the {P-61} fighter. Only 37 were built,
       based on P-61C airframes.
F15C, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1&J1)
       The XF15C was a mixed power fighter, with a radial engine in the
       nose and a jet engine aft of the wing, with the jet nozzle under
       the aft fuselage. The F15C was far heavier and more powerful than
       the similar Ryan {FR}. It was the last Navy Curtiss fighter. It
       had a tricycle undercarriage, to clear the jet exhaust, and a
       bubble cockpit. Two of the three prototypes were later modified
       with T-tails. The XF15C-1 was soon obsolete. Three built.
       Type: XF15C-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1545kW P&W R-2800-34W
                                     1 * 1225kg Allis-Chalmers J36
       Wing Span: 14.64m  Length: 13.42m  Height: 4.65m  Wing Area: 37.16m2
       Empty Weight: 5742kg  Max. Weight: 8490kg
       Max. Speed: 755km/h  Ceiling: 12750m  Max. Range: 2230km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F-16 Fighting Falcon, General Dynamics / Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1)
       The F-16 was the most successful fighter of its generation.
       In early 1997 about 3600 had been delivered, and production
       was expected to exceed 4000. The F-16 began life as a research
       project for a very light fighter, optimized for dogfighting.
       The project looked promising enough to develop a real fighter
       from it, but common sense dictated that manoeuvrability is not
       the only requirement for a fighter, and the production F-16 is
       heavier and bigger than the original concept. Still, it is one
       of the best dogfighting aircraft. Typical for the F-16 are the
       wings of cropped delta configuration, blended with the fuselage,
       and with long forward wing extensions. 
       Type: F-16A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1976  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 105.7kN P&W F100-PW-220
       Wing Span: 10.00m  Length: 15.03m  Height: 5.09m  Wing Area: 27.9m2
       Empty Weight: 7387kg  Max.Weight: 17010kg
       Max. Speed: Mach 2.05  Ceiling: 16750m  Max. Range: 3900km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 9276kg
F-16XL, General Dynamics 
       (M-USA-A-AF-MD-N-J1)
       The F-16XL was a derivative of the F-16 with a large 'cranked delta'
       wing. This version was intended as attack aircraft; the extra wing
       area greatly increased the weapons load. The F-16XL was not ordered
       for production, because the USAF selected the {F-15}E. The two
       F-16XLs built (a single-seater and a two-seater) were then used
       by NASA for high-speed test flights. Production aircraft could have
       been designated F-16E (although an all-new designation would
       certainly have been appropiate.)
       Type: F-16XL
       Function: fighter / attack
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 11350kg P&W F100-PW-100
       Wing Span: 10.43m  Length: 16.50m  Height: 5.36m  Wing Area: 61.59m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 21772kg 
       Max. Speed: 2230km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: +4630km
       Armament: 1*g20mm
F-17, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-F-HN-N-J2)
       Twin-engined, lightweight fighter. The YF-17 lost the competition
       with the {F-16} but was the basis for the {F-18}. Two built.
       Type: YF-17
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1974 Crew: 1   Engines: 2 * 6532kg G.E. YJ101-GE-100
       Wing Span: 10.66m  Length: 16.92m  Height: 4.42m  Wing Area: 32.51m2
       Empty Weight: 9526kg  Max.Weight: 13894kg
       Max. Speed: 2071km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 4506km
       Armament: 1*g20mm msl
F-18 Hornet, McDonnell Douglas 
       (M-USA-AC-AF-HN-N-J2)
       Twin-engined shipboard fighter, developed from the smaller {F-17}.
       Because of its dual role as attack aircraft, it is officially
       known as the F/A-18. The F-18 is a medium-sized fighter, heavier
       than the {F-16} but lighter than the {F-14} and {F-15}. The RF-18
       is a recce version, without the internal gun and with cameras in
       the nose. The USN planned to replace a lot of combat aircraft by
       the multifunctional F/A-18. The F-18 has also been sold abroad,
       to Canada, Australia, Spain, and others. Current planning is for
       a substantially modified F-18E 'Super Hornet', which was rolled
       out at the end of 1995 and made its first carrier landing in
       early 1997. This F-18E and the two-seat F-18F can be recognized
       easily by their rectangular engine intakes, which reduced radar
       reflection and provide a greater mass flow for their more powerful
       engines. The F-18E is also longer and has a bigger wing, with
       two additional hardpoints, and has sturdier landing gear to cope
       with the increased weight. Range has been increased by 40%. The
       F-18E is expected to enter service in 2000.
       Type: F-18A
       Function: fighter / attack
       Year: 1980  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 7250kg G.E. F404-GE-400
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 22317kg
       Max. Speed: 2125km/h  Ceiling: 15250m  Max. Range: 3670km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 7700kg
       Type: F-18E
       Function: fighter / attack 
       Year: (2000)  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 97.9kN G.E. F414-GE-400
       Wing Span: 13.62m  Length: 18.31m  Height: 4.88m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 13387kg  Max.Weight: 29937kg
       Speed: Mach 1.8+  Ceiling: 15240m  Range: 
       Armament: 
F-19
       Rumoured name for a 'Stealth' design, that seems to have been
       skipped. Maybe this number was destined for the F-117, maybe not. 
F-20 Tigershark, Northrop
       (M|P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J1)
       The previous name of this fighter was F-5G, indicating that it was
       a single-engined development of the {F-5}. The F-20 had 80% more
       engine power, modern avionics, and an enlarged wing. It was a
       capable aircraft but found no customer, because the USAF preferred
       to stick with the {F-16}. It was also offered to the USN in the
       "aggressor" role, but was again rejected in favour of the F-16.
       Without home market there was little hope for export orders. Three
       built.
       Type: F-20
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1982 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7711kg G.E. F404-GE-100
       Wing Span: 8.13m  Length: 14.17m  Height: 4.22m  Wing Area: 17.28m2
       Empty Weight: 5089kg  Max.Weight: 12475kg
       Max. Speed: 2124km/h  Ceiling:  Max. Range: 2965km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 3175kg
F-21 Kfir, IAI
       (M-ISRAEL-A-F-LD-N-J1)
       These were Israeli aircraft that were in service in the US as
       "agressors" for dissimilar air combat training. The Kfir is
       a development of the French {Mirage 5} with an J79 engine, built
       in Israel after France refused to deliver the original aircraft.
       Twelve were used by the US Navy and thirteen by the USMC.
       Type: Kfir C-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1975 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 8120kg P&W J79-PW-17
       Max. Speed: 2445km/h      Ceiling: 18000 m     Max. Range: 1300+ km
       Armament: 2*g30mm
F-22 Raptor, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-F-HS-N-J2)
       Destined to become the next generation fighter of the USAF. The
       F-22 is a stealthy air-superiority fighter. Another requirement
       is the ability to cruise at supersonic speeds without afterburner.
       The F-22 has a rather conventional appearance, with twin tails and
       flat fuselage sides; the armament is carried in internal weapons
       bays. The engines have two-dimensional nozzles. Plans for a naval
       version, intended to replace the {F-14}, with extensive changes to
       make the aircraft suitable for carrier use, have been shelved.
       Service entry is expected in 2002, and the first F-22A production
       aircraft flew on 7 September 1997.
       Type: YF-22
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1990  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 156kN P&W YF119-PW-100
       Wing Span: 13.10m  Length: 19.55m  Height: 5.39m  Wing Area: 77.1m2
       Empty Weight: 14061kg  Max.Weight: 26308kg
       Max. Speed: 2335km/h  Ceiling: 19810m  Max. Range:
       Armament: (prototypes unarmed)
F-23, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2)
       The F-23 was a stealth air-superiority fighter, which lost the
       competition with the {F-22}. The YF-23 was the most unconventional
       of the two designs; it had a diamond-shape wing platform and a
       V-tail. Missiles were to be carried in two fuselage bays. The
       second prototype had the General Electric YF120 engine.
       Type: YF-23A
       Year: 1990 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * P&W YF119-PW-100
       Wing Span: 13.29m  Length: 20.54m  Height: 4.24m  Wing Area: 88.25m2
       Empty Weight: 14970kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1915km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 
       Armament: 1*g20mm 
F-24, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-A-LN-N-AR1)
       In 1948, the USAAF abandoned the A- for 'attack' designations.
       The {A-24} Dauntless thus became the F-24. 
F-80 Shooting Star, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-F|R|T-LN-N-J1)
       Former {P-80}, see there.
F-82 Twin Mustang, North American 
       (P-USA-A-F-LN-T-IL2)
       Former {P-82}, see there.
F-84 Thunderjet, Republic
       (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1)
       This straight-wing fighter was initially seen as an escort fighter,
       and it carried more fuel --- in its relatively thick wing --- than
       other early jet fighters. However, it was soon outclassed by the
       {F-86} and {MiG-15}. It was found to be an useful fighter-bomber.
       The F-84 was built in large numbers, mainly to fill the need for
       aircraft during the Korean war. The most built model was the
       F-84G, which was initially considered to be only an interim type
       pending availability of the swept-wing F-84F. Significant numbers
       of F-84s, mostly F-84Gs, were delivered by the USA to its allies. 
       Type: F-84D
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1700kg Allison J35-A-13C
       Wing Span: 11.09m  Length: 11.40m  Height: 3.91m  Wing Area: 24.15m2
       Empty Weight: 4472kg  Max.Weight: 9106kg
       Max. Speed: 945km/h  Ceiling:  Max. Range: 1930km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
F-84F Thunderstreak, Republic 
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1)
       The F-84F was a major redesign of the {F-84}, with sweptback wings
       and a new engine, and kept the same number only for political
       reasons. (It would have been the F-96 at first.) The F-84F was
       not easy to fly, but it potential was big enough to secure large
       orders and world-wide export. The RF-84F reconnaissance version
       had wing root intakes to make room for photographic equipment in
       the nose. The RF-84K's were parasatic reconaissance aircraft; they
       had anhedralled tailplanes to fit under the bomb bay of a GRB-36! 
       Type: F-84F
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1952 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Westinghouse J65-W-3
       Wing Span: 10.24m  Length: 13.23m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 30.19m2
       Empty Weight: 6789kg  Max.Weight: 12247kg
       Max. Speed: 1060km/h  Ceiling: 12000m  Max. Range: 3440km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
       Type: RF-84F
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1954  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3540kg Wright J65-W-7
       Max. Speed: 936km/h  Ceiling: 12000m  Max. Range:
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
F-84, Republic 
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-T1)
       The XF-84H "Thunderscreech" was a development of the swept-wing
       {F-84}F as a turboprop-powered attack aircraft. It was initially
       developed for the USN, but that service soon lost interest. The
       program was continued by the USAF. The T-40 engine was unreliable
       and the supersonic propeller made the XF-84H probably the noisiest
       aircraft ever built. Twelve flights, eleven emergencies... Needless
       to say that the customers lost interest. Two built.
       Type: XF-84H
       Function: attack
       Year: 1955 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 3920kW Allison XT40-A-1
       Wing Span: 10.21m  Length: 15.69m  Height: 4.69m  Wing Area: 30.75m2
       Empty Weight: 7888kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1080km/h  Ceiling:  Max. Range: 3792kg
       Armament: 3*g16mm
F-85 Goblin, McDonnell
       (P-USA-*-F-LS-N-J1)
       The bulbous little Goblin was a parasite fighter, intended to be
       carried in the bomb bay of a {B-36}. By necessity, it was a small 
       egg-shaped aircraft with foldable wings and abbreviated, X-type
       tailfins. It had good flying characteristics, but hook-ons proved
       too dangerous because of the turbulence under the bomber. Two built.
       Type: XF-85
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1360kg Westinghouse J34-WE-22
       Wing Span: 6.44m  Length: 4.53m  Height: 2.56m  Wing Area: 8.36m2
       Empty Weight: 1696kg  Max.Weight: 2064kg
       Max. Speed: 1068km/h  Ceiling: 48000ft  Max. Range: 30min
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
F-86 Sabre, North American
       (P-USA-A-F|R-LS-N-J1)
       This was the first USAF swept-wing fighter, and the famous opponent
       of the {MiG-15} in Korea. The swept wing was added to the design
       when it was found out that the straight-wing design (later built
       for the Navy as the {FJ}-1) was too slow. The early F-86A was
       inferior in some respects to the MiG-15: The Soviet fighter, lighter
       and with a more powerful engine, had avantages in speed and
       operation ceiling. But better US pilot training  compensated that.
       More powerful engines and redesigned wings substantially improved
       performance of later types. The F-86H had a J73 engine instead
       of the J47. A radar nose and a 'beard' air intake characterized
       the F-86D, F-86K and F-86L single-seat all-wheater interceptors.
       The TF-86 was a longer trainer version and the RF-86 was a
       recce version; bulges at the wing roots and under the cockpit housed
       the photographic equipment. For the US Navy North American developed
       the {FJ}-2, FJ-3 and FJ-4 from the F-86.
       Type: F-86A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1948 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 23.13kN G.E. J47-GE-13
       Wing Span: 11.31m  Length: 11.43m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 26.75m2
       Empty Weight: 4780kg  Max.Weight: 7359kg
       Max. Speed: 1089km/h  Ceiling: 14630m  Max. Range: 2050km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
       Type: F-86D
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1953  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3026kg G.E. J47-GE-17
       Wing Span: 11.31m  Length: 12.27m  Height: 4.57m  Wing Area: 26.75m2
       Empty Weight: 6123kg  Max.Weight:
       Speed: 1115km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 24*r70mm
       Type: F-86F (with "6/3" wing)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1952  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 26.40kN G.E. J47-GE-27
       Wing Span: 11.92m  Length: 11.44m  Height: 4.49m  Wing Area: 29.11m2
       Empty Weight: 5046kg  Max.Weight: 6894kg
       Max. Speed: 1118km/h  Ceiling: 15200m  Max. Range: 2050km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
F-87 Blackhawk, Curtiss
       (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-JU4)
       Beautiful but underpowered four-engined night fighter, a development
       of the X{A-43} design. The XF-87 was a clean aircraft with a mid-set,
       straight wing and a nacelle of rectangular cross-section on each wing,
       that contained two engines and the landing gear. It was the last
       fighter built by Curtiss.
       Type: XF-87
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1948 Crew: 2   Engines: 4 * 3000lb Westinghouse XJ34-WE-7
       Wing Span: 18.29m  Length: 18.85m  Height: 6.09m  Wing Area: 55.74m2
       Empty Weight: 11762kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 600mph  Ceiling:  41000ft    Max. Range: 1610km
       Armament: 4*g20mm, never installed
F-88 Voodoo, McDonnell
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2)
       This twin-engined, long-range escort fighter failed to attract
       orders. But the type provided the basis for the development of
       the {F-101}. (It can easily be distinguished from the latter,
       because the F-101 had a T-tail and cranked wing trailing edges.) 
       Finally, one prototype was converted to a XF-88B testbed for
       high-speed propellers.
       Type: XF-88
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1633kg Westinghouse J34-WE-15
       Wing Span: 12.09m  Length: 16.50m  Height: 5.26m  Wing Area: 35.52m2
       Empty Weight: 5507kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1034km/h  Ceiling: 39400ft  Max. Range: 2795km
       Armament: 6*g20mm
       Type: XF-88B
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1953  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1360kg Westinghouse J34-EW-13
                                     1 *        Allison XT38-A-5
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
F-89 Scorpion, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J2)
       The F-89 was a large twin-engined all-weather fighter. It had a
       thin, unswept wing which was fitted with enormous drop tanks at the
       wingtips. Despite its size and bulk, the F-89 had a good performance.
       It was the main all-wheater interceptor of the USAF for some years.
       The F-89D switched from cannon armament to rockets carried in
       modified wingtip tanks. The F-89H was armed with Falcon AAMs
       carried also in the wingtip pods. 1232 were built. 
       Type: F-89D
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1953  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 3270kg Allison J35-A-35
       Wing Span: 18.20m  Length: 16.40m  Height: 5.33m  Wing Area: 56.30m2
       Empty Weight: 11428kg  Max.Weight: 19160kg
       Max. Speed: 1020km/h  Ceiling: 15000m  Max. Range: 2200km
       Armament: 104 rockets.
F-90, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-F-LS-N-J2)
       The XF-90 was a transsonic long-range escort fighter. It was a low-
       wing aircraft with moderate wing sweed, which looked a bit like an
       enlarged {P-80}. Performance was very unsatisfactory. Two built.
       Type: XF-90
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1905kg Westinghouse XJ-34WE-15
       Wing Span: 12.19m  Length: 17.17m  Height: 4.80m  Wing Area: 32.05m2
       Empty Weight: 8401kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1070km/h  Ceiling: 39000ft    Max. Range: 2300mls
       Armament: 6*g20mm (never installed)
F-91 Thunderceptor, Republic
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1&K1)
       The radical Thunderceptor mixed-power aircraft was seen as an
       high-altitude interceptor. The wing was highly unusual, with 
       variable incidence and inverse taper --- the wing tips housed
       the undercarriage. It was the first US fighter to exceed Mach 1
       in level flight. Later one of the prototypes was modified to have
       a V-tail. Two were built. 
       Type: XF-91
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 3200 kg G.E. J47-GE-3
                                     4 * 1500lb Reaction Motors XLR11-RM-9
       Wing Span: 9.52m  Length: 13.18m  Height: 5.51m  Wing Area: 29.73m2
       Empty Weight: 7191kg  Max.Weight: 12935kg
       Max. Speed: 1584km/h  Ceiling: 50000ft  Max. Range: 1885km
       Armament: 4*g20mm, never installed
F-92, Convair
       (P-USA-A-F|X-MD-N-J1)
       This was, in fact, a reduced-scale flying model of the cancelled
       XF-92 intercepor. It was used by NASA for research into the
       characteristics of its delta wing.
       Type: XF-92A
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1948 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2086 Allison J33-A-23
       Max. Speed: 718mph  Ceiling: 50750ft  Max. Range:
F-93, North American
       (P-USA-A-F|R-LS-N-J1)
       Initially named YF-86C. This was a development of the {F-86} Sabre
       with a solid nose and flush NACA intakes. It actually had an
       entirely new fuselage with larger fuel tankage. It was intended
       as long-range penetration fighter. The F-93 was selected for
       production, but was later the victim of a budget cut. Two were
       built.
       Type: YF-93A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2722kg P&W J48-P-6
       Wing Span: 11.86m  Length: 13.43m  Height: 4.77m  Wing Area: 28.43m2
       Empty Weight: 6366kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1139km/h  Ceiling: 46800ft  Max. Range: 3165km
       Armament: 6*g20mm
F-94, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J1)
       All-weather interceptor derived from the {T-33}. The F-94A and B
       were stopgap fighters pending introduction of the {F-89}, and
       developed in great haste; its performance was inadequate. Later
       Lockheed developed the much more capable F-94C Starfire, with
       new wings, a new engine, and rocket armament to compete with
       the F-89. The F-94D (only two built) was an attack version.
       Production of the F-94 totalled 854.
       Type: F-94C
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1949 Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 3970kg P&W J48-P-5
       Wing Span: 12.98m  Length: 13.57m  Height: 4.53m  Wing Area: 21.63m2
       Empty Weight: 5770kg  Max.Weight: 10977kg
       Max. Speed: 1030km/h  Ceiling: 15670m  Max. Range: 1800km
       Armament: 48 r.
F-95, North American
       (P-USA-A-F|R-LS-N-J1)
       This number was intended for what became the F-86D; the USAF
       designed to continue the {F-86} designation for political reasons.
F-96 Thunderstreak, Republic 
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J1)
       This number was intended for what became the F-84F. The YF-96 itself
       was a more direct swept-wing development of the {F-84}, still using
       the J35 engine; the aircraft was later completely redesigned.
F-97 Starfire, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-F-LN-N-J1)
       This number was intended for what became the {F-94}C. The new
       designation was logical --- the F-94C had little in common with
       the T-33, F-94A or F-94B --- but abandoned for political reasons.
F-98 Falcon, Hughes
       Common sense won and this was considered a missile, not a fighter:
       the AIM-4 Falcon.
F-99 Bomarc, Marquardt-Boeing 
       This too was a missile, a SAM which was later redesignated IM-99. 
F-100 Super Sabre, North American
       (P-USA-A-FA-LS-N-J1)
       First operational supersonic fighter. The F-100 had a long and
       distinguished career, but was not without problems. It was designed
       before the 'area rule' was known; its supersonic performance was
       achieved by streamlining and power. It was very big for a fighter
       aircraft when it was first flown, and heralded a new generation of
       bigger, faster, and heavier fighters: the "Century Series". As an
       interceptor, it was soon overtaken by newer designs; the F-100 was
       used mostly as a fighter-bomber. The RF-100 was a recce version of
       the F-100 Super Sabre with equipment in a rectangular fairing under
       the forward fuselage. There also was an NF-100 with a thrust-reverser
       for low-speed controllability tests. 
       Type: F-100D-75-NA
       Year: 1956 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7690kg P&W J57-P-21A
       Wing Span: 11.82m  Length: 14.36m  Height: 4.95m  Wing Area: 35.77m2
       Empty Weight: 9526kg  Max.Weight: 15800kg
       Max. Speed: 1390km/h  Ceiling: 14020m  Max. Range: 2490km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 3402kg
F-101 Voodoo, McDonnell
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2)
       The F-101 was a larger and more powerful development of the {F-88}.
       It was heavy and large, but also powerful and fast, with an
       impressive range. Due to continuously changing requirements, the
       F-101 had a checkered development. Its original role was to be
       that of a 'deep penetration' long-range escort fighter. Instead,
       it served as nuclear attack fighter, all-weather interceptor, and
       reconaissance aircraft. Although it once equipped the majority of
       USAF interceptor units, it never was a major type in the US
       inventory, because of some control problems which limited its
       effectiveness. The F-101 was also flown for a long time by Canada.
       The reconaissance version was much used in Vietnam. 807 built.
       Type: F-101B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1957  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 6750kg P&W J57-P-55
       Wing Span: 12.09m  Length: 20.54m  Height: 5.49m  Wing Area: 34.19m2
       Empty Weight: 13141kg  Max.Weight: 23768kg
       Max. Speed: 1965km/h  Ceiling: 16705m  Max. Range: 2500km
       Armament: 6*msl
F-102 Delta Dagger, Convair
       (P-USA-A-F-LD-N-J1)
       This delta-wing interceptor was amongst the first to be designed
       as part of a 'weapons system' and to employ the area rule --
       the latter refinement necessitated a total redesign after the
       first pre-series aircraft had failed to attain Mach 1. The
       effort paid off, and the F-102 became the main home-defence
       interceptor of the USAAF. It was considered an interim type,
       and replaced soon by the derived {F-106}. 
       Type: F-102A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1954 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7800kg P&W J57-P-23
       Wing Span: 11.67m  Length: 20.84m  Height: 6.46m  Wing Area: 61.45m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 14288kg
       Max. Speed: 1328km/h  Ceiling: 16500m  Max. Range: 2173km
       Armament: msl, r
F-103, Republic
       (P-USA-A-F-D-N-J2)
       Twin-engined mach 3 fighter, a big aircraft of titanium
       construction. The F-103 was a tailed delta; the cockpit was
       flush with the upper fuselage, and the pilot was provided with
       a periscope for forward view. The F-103 would have been powered
       by both a conventional jet engine and a ramjet. The proposal
       was soon considered too bold to be practical, and cancelled in
       August 1957. None was built.
       Type: XF-103
       Function: fighter
       Year: - Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 66.73kN Wright XJ-67-W-3
                                 1 * 83.63kN Wright XJR55-W-1
       Wing Span: 10.92m  Length: 24.97m  Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight: 11340kg  Max.Weight: 19051kg
       Speed: 3860km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1300km
       Armament: 36*r, msl
F-104 Starfighter, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1)
       The sleek, long fuselage of the F-104 was built around a big engine,
       and had extremely small, thin, unswept wings with marked anhedral.
       The F-104 interceptor had exceptional performance but rather limited
       ability to carry equipment and armament. Its all-round fighter-bomber
       F-104G variant enjoyed great export sales (and a poor reputation for
       safety), but the early F-104's were quickly abandoned by the USAF.
       The NF-104 was an F-104 fitted with an additional rocket engine
       under the tailfin, pointing slightly upwards. It was used for
       astronaut training; one set a record altitude of 36273m. There was
       also a TF-104 trainer and a RF-104 reconaissance version. 
       Type: F-104A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1958  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 65.78kN P&W J79-GE-3B
       Wing Span: 6.68m  Length: 16.69m  Height: 4.11m  Wing Area: 18.21m2
       Empty Weight: 6071kg  Max.Weight: 11721kg
       Speed: M2.2  Ceiling: 19750m  Range: 2250km
       Armament: 1*g20mm
       Type: F-104G
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1960 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7170kg G.E. J79-GE-11A
       Wing Span: 6.36m  Length: 16.66m  Height: 4.09m  Wing Area: 18.22m2
       Empty Weight: 6348kg  Max.Weight: 13170kg
       Max. Speed: M2.2  Ceiling: 15240m  Max. Range: 3500km
       Armament: 1*g20mm
F-105 Thunderchief, Republic
       (P-USA-A-AF-MS-N-J1)
       The F-105 was a large fighter-bomber. Development was slow, with
       numerous theething troubles. Many modifications were needed to make
       the aircraft combat-ready, but then the though F-105 proved a very
       effective aircraft that was used a lot in Vietnam. Intensive use
       resulted in heavy losses; of the 610 F-105Ds built about half
       were lost in combat. The two-seat F-105F and F-105G models version
       was later adopted as 'Wild Weasel' aircraft. Approx 900 F-105s were
       built.
       Type: F-105D
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1958 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 12010kg P&W J75-P-19W
       Wing Span: 10.64m  Length: 19.63m  Height: 5.99m  Wing Area: 35.76m2
       Empty Weight: 12181kg  Max.Weight: 23967kg
       Max. Speed: 2208km/h  Ceiling: 14780m  Max. Range: 3800km
       Armament: 1*g20mm
F-106 Delta Dart, Convair 
       (P-USA-A-F-LD-N-J1)
       Development of the {F-102} with significantly higher performance.
       The F-106 was primarily an interceptor, integrated in the
       computer-radar controlled SAGE network. It was a versatile
       aircraft that proved to be also an excellent dogfighter; it
       served many years with the USAF, armed with Falcon missiles,
       Genie nuclear-tipped rockets, and a later added 20mm Vulcan
       cannon. The last was retired in 1988. 341 built.
       Type: F-106A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 11130kg P&W J57-P-17
       Wing Span: 11.67m  Length: 21.56m  Height: 6.18m  Wing Area: 64.83m2
       Empty Weight: 10957kg  Max.Weight: 18974kg
       Max. Speed: 2020km/h  Ceiling: 17400m  Max. Range: 4300km
       Armament: msl. A 20mm cannon was added later.
F-106, Republic 
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-T1)
       This designation was also used briefly for the X{F-84}H.
F-107 Super Sabre, North American 
       (P-USA-A-FA-LS-N-J1)
       The F-107 was an interceptor development of the {F-100}, that began
       life as the F-100B. The intake was moved to above and behind the
       cockpit to make room for the radar in the nose. Later the role was
       switched to fighter-bomber. The USAF preferred the {F-105}, and the
       F-107 never entered production. The prototypes were later flown
       by NACA. 
       Type: F-107A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 11113 kg P&W YJ75-P-9
       Wing Span: 11.15m  Length: 18.84m  Height: 5.99m  Wing Area: 34.93m2
       Empty Weight: 10295kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 1432km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 1300km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
F-108 Rapier, North American
       (P-USA-A-F-D-N-J2)
       Project for a Mach 3+ long-range interceptor. Large delta wing,
       two G.E. J93 engines. Cancelled in September 1959.
       Type: XF-108
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 133.45kN G.E. XJ93-GE-3

       Wing Span: 16.12m  Length: 25.87m  Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight: 21773kg  Max.Weight: 46267kg
       Speed: 3220km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1850km
       Armament:
F-108, Bell
       (P-USA-A-?-?-?-?)
       Some sources indicate that this became the X-14, but the {X-14} built
       and flown can not be called a fighter...
F-109 Voodoo, McDonnell
       (P-USA-A-F-MS-N-J2)
       This designation was initially used for the F-101B two-seat
       interceptor version of the {F-101}. This seems to be the most
       credible explanation for this designation, although it is also
       the one least known. Other sources describe the F-109 was a
       the Ryan {X-13} Vertijet, a tail-sitting VTOL testbed, or the
       Bell F-109, allegedly a large Mach 2.3 VTOL fighter project. This
       one had two engines in each rotating nacelle on the wingtips, and
       four more lift engines in the fuselage. 
F-110 Spectre, McDonnell 
       (P-USA-A-F|R|A-LS-N-J2)
       Renamed {F-4} Phantom II when the tri-service designation scheme
       was introduced.
F-111, General Dynamics
       (M-USA-A|AC-F|A|E|B-HS-N-J2)
       The swing-wing F-111 was designed as a multi-role aircraft, but
       ended as an attack/strike aircraft. It was the result of an
       unwise and unhappy attempt to fulfill different USAF and Navy
       requirements with a single aircraft. The F-111B shipboard
       fighter, developed in cooperation with Grumman, was a complete
       failure. The F-111 strike fighter itself had a difficult start,
       but accumulated a good service and combat record in later years.
       Production was 563 aircraft. One F-111A was modified to the
       RF-111A/D configuration with cameras and SLAR. The USAF retired
       its last F-111 fighter-bombers in 1996.
       The EF-111 Raven is an electronic warfare development of the F-111
       attack aircraft. The equipment is stored in a large canoe
       under the fuselage and a pod on the tail fin. Grumman modified
       about 40 F-111As to EF-111 configuration.
       Type: F-111D
       Function: attack
       Year: 1971  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 8890kg P&W TF30-P-9
       Max. Speed: 2660km/h  Ceiling: 19000m  Max. Range: 6100km
       Armament:
       Type: F-111F
       Function: attack
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 11385kg P&W TF30-P-100
       Wing Span: 19.20m/9.74m  Length: 22.40m  Height: 5.22m
       Wing Area: 61.07m2 (fully swept)
       Empty Weight: 21398kg  Max.Weight: 45359kg
       Speed: 2655km/h  Ceiling: +17900m  Range: 4710km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 13610kg
       Type: EF-111A
       Function: electronic warfare aircraft
       Year: 1981  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 8391kg P&W TF30-P-3
       Wing Span: 19.20m/9.74m  Length: 23.16m  Height: 6.10m  
       Wing Area: 48.77m2
       Empty Weight: 25072kg  Max.Weight: 40370kg
       Speed: 2216km/h  Ceiling: 13175m  Range: 
F-117 Nighthawk, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-A-LS-N-J2)
       The F-117 is a 'Stealth' attack aircraft. The logic behind its
       out-of-series designation remains mysterious or is non-existent.
       The F-117 uses flat, angled fuselage and wing panels to direct
       radar reflections in a few sharply defined directions. Despite
       the aerodynamic disadvantages of such design, and because of
       the computer controls, it is easy to fly. The F-117 can execute
       precision attacks on point targets with impunity, but has a
       limited weapons load.
       Type: F-117A
       Function: attack
       Year: 1981 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 48kN G.E. F404-GE-F102
       Wing Span: 13.20m  Length: 20.08m  Height:   Wing Area: 105.9m2
       Empty Weight: 13609kg  Max.Weight: 23814kg
       Max. Speed: 700mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament: 5000lb
FA, General Aviation
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Lightweight biplane fighter for the US Navy. 'General Aviation' was
       the former US branch of the Fokker company, but the XFA-1 did not
       use Fokker structural principles. It was of all-metal construction
       with fabric covering, with a gulled upper wing and a fixed cantilever
       landing gear. It was not sucessful. One built.       
       Type: XFA-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W R-985A
       Wing Span: 7.77m  Length: 6.75m  Height: 2.82m  Wing Area: 16.26m2
       Empty Weight: 833kg  Max.Weight: 1138kg
       Max. Speed: 274km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 603km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
F/A-16, General Dynamics 
       (M-USA-A-FA-MS-N-J1)
       Designation temporarely applied to {F-16}s fitted with the GPU-5
       30mm cannon pod.
F/A-18 Hornet, McDonnel Douglas 
       (M-USA-AC-AF-HN-N-J2)
       See {F-18}.
FB, Boeing
       (I-USA-A|AC|AS-F-B-N-IL1)
       USN version of {PW-9}. Small series were built: 10 FB-1s with Curtiss
       D-12 liquid-cooled engines, two FB-2s with inline 380kW Packard
       1A-1500 engines, one FB-3 which was a FB-2 with floats, one FB-4
       powered by a 336 kW Wright P-1 radial, 27 FB-5s with an inline
       Packard 2A-1500 engine and one FB-6 with a 298kW P&W Wasp radial.
       Type: FB-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 388kW packard 2A-1500
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 7.24m  Height: 2.87m  Wing Area: 22.39m2
       Empty Weight: 1115kg  Max.Weight: 1474kg
       Max. Speed: 283km/h Ceiling:  Max. Range: 676km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
FB-111, General Dynamics 
       (M-USA-A-B-HS-N-J2)
       A strategic bomber development of the F-111. The FB-111 is longer
       and can carry more fuel, but doesn't have real intercontinental
       range; this is compensated by its missile armament. 
       Type: FB-111A
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1969  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 90.58kN P&W TF30-P-7
       Speed: 2335km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 17000kg
FC, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       First fighter intentionally built for the USN, a single-seat biplane.
       39 built. Also called {TS}.
       Type: FC-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 150 kW Wright J-1
       Max. Speed:      km/h    Ceiling: 5000 m     Max. Range: 775 km
       Armament: 1 * mg 7.62mm
FD, Douglas
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat biplane fighter, of all-metal construction with fabric
       skinning. The FD competed with the {F3U} and the {F12C}. It was
       abandoned when the Navy decided against the continued development
       of two-seat fighters, and ordered scout-bombers instead. One built.
       Type: XFD-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 700hp P&W R-1535-64
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.72m  Height: 3.38m  Wing Area: 27.40m2
       Empty Weight: 1464kg  Max.Weight: 2152kg
       Speed: 328km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 927km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
FD Phantom, McDonnell 
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       Later renamed {FH}, see there.
FF Goblin, Grumman
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Grumman's first fighter for the US Navy. It was a two-seat biplane.
       the landing gear was rectracted into the bulky front fuselage, and
       the FF was the first USN carrier aircraft with a retractable
       undercarriage. It was soon replaced by the single-seat {F2F}.
       120 were built of all versions. Some FFs, assembled in Canada,
       saw combat in the Spanish civil war. A few others were
       reluctantly accepted by the Canadian air force in the beginning
       of WWII. 
       Type: FF-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 515kW Wright R-1820-78
       Wing Span: 10.52m  Length: 7.47m  Height: 3.38m  Wing Area: 28.80m2
       Empty Weight: 1474kg  Max.Weight: 2190kg
       Max. Speed: 393km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Max. Range: 1500km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
FG Comanche, Eberhart 
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter. The XFG-1 featured backward sweep on the upper wing
       and forward sweep on the lower wing, and was of metal construction
       with fabric skinning. After testing, it was modified to become the
       Eberhart {F2G}. One built.
       Type: XFG-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W R-1340-C
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 8.30m  Height: 3.0m  Wing Area: 22.36m2
       Empty Weight: 973kg  Max.Weight: 1333kg
       Speed: 249km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
FG Corsair, Goodyear 
       (S-USA-A|AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Vought {F4U} Corsair, as built by Goodyear. The FG-1 was similar
       to the F4U-1 but had fixed wings, being intended for the USMC
       exclusively. Goodyear built 1694. The FG-1D was equivalent to
       the F4U-1D; Goodyear built 2303. The FG-3 was to be the production
       version of the XF4U-3 with a turbosupercharged engine; only 13
       were built. The FG-4, equivalent to the F4U-4, was cancelled.
FG-1, Cornelius
       (S-USA-AG-K-S-N-0)
       Fuel-carrying glider, an aircraft with forward swept wings of
       54ft span. The XFG-1 carried 764 gallons of fuel. After the tug
       aircraft exhausted the fuel, the pilot of the glider would land
       it. The type did not enter production. Two built.
FH, Hall
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter. The XFH-1 had an all-metal structure, with a
       semi-monococque fuselage and fabric-covered wings. The USN was
       interested in this structure, but the handling of the XFH-1 was
       unsatisfactory. One built.
       Type: XFH-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-1340B
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 6.85m  Height: 3.35m  Wing Area: 23.69m2
       Empty Weight: 804kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 246km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 442km
       Armament: (2*mg7.62mm)
FH Phantom, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AC-F-MN-N-J2)
       The FH was the first pure jet fighter of the US Navy. It was a
       twin-engined straight-wing aircraft, with the engines buried in
       the thick wing roots. The FH represented a deliberately conservative
       approach to jet fighter design,  but at least it proved that jet
       fighters could be good shipboard aircraft. About 60 were built;
       they served until 1950. 
       Type: FH-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 x 725kg Westinghouse J30-WE-20
       Wing Span: 12.42m  Length: 11.35m  Height: 4.32m  Wing Area: 24.64m2
       Empty Weight: 3031kg  Max.Weight: 5459kg
       Max. Speed: 812km/h  Ceiling: 13100m  Max. Range: 1580km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
FJ, Berliner-Joyce
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Shipboard fighter. The XFJ-1 was an all-metal biplane, whose
       fuselage was attached directly to the upper wing, with a gap between
       the fuselage and the lower wing. Landing characteristics were very
       poor. The aircraft was modified to become the XFJ-2, which featured
       a gulled upper wing. It was still unsatisfactory. One built.
       Type: XFJ-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp P&W R-1340D Wasp
       Wing Span: 8.69m  Length: 6.28m  Height: 2.99m  Wing Area: 16.59m2
       Empty Weight: 953k  Max.Weight: 1291kg
       Speed: 285km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 837km
       Armament: (2*mg7.62mm)
FJ Fury, North American
       (P-USA-AC-AF-LS|LN-N-J1)
       The FJ was a relative of the {F-86} Sabre, but the relationship
       between the types was far more complex than one being a derivative
       of another. The FJ-1 was the straight-winged ancestor of the F-86,
       and because its performance was disappointing only 31 were built
       and it had a brief service life. The FJ-2 was completely different,
       a navalized version of the F-86E. 200 were built, but all delivered
       to the USMC for shore-based operation. The later  FJ-3 was a further
       development, powered by the J65 (the British Armstrong Siddeley
       Sapphire). It had a deeper fuselage and folding wings. 538 were
       built. The FJ-4 again had very little in common with its precursors:
       both wing and fuselage were completely new. 372 were built. 
       Type: FJ-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1841kg Allison J35-A-2
       Wing Span: 11.63m  Length: 10.48m  Height: 4.52m  Wing Area: 20.53m2
       Empty Weight: 4100kg  Max.Weight: 7076kg
       Speed: 880km/h  Ceiling: 9750m  Range: 2414km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
       Type: FJ-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1954  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2722kg G.E. J47-GE-2
       Wing Span: 11.31m  Length: 11.45m  Height: 4.14m  Wing Area: 26.75m2
       Empty Weight: 5353kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 1088km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1593km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
       Type: FJ-3
       Function: fighters
       Year: 1953  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3470kg Wright J65-W-4
       Wing Span: 11.31m  Length: 11.45m  Height: 4.16m  Wing Area: 28.08m2
       Empty Weight: 5536kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 1096km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1593km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
       Type: FJ-4B
       Function: fighter / attack
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3500kg Wright J65-16A
       Wing Span: 11.91m  Length: 11.07m  Height: 4.24m  Wing Area: 31.46m2
       Empty Weight: 5992kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 1094km/h  Ceiling: 15200m  Max. Range: 4340km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
FL Airabonita, Bell 
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Navalized {P-39} Airacobra. The XFL-1 had a tailwheel
       undercarriage, a strengthened fuselage and an enlarged wing.
       Initially the XFL-1 failed its carrier qualification tests,
       and it was plagued by persistent center-of-gravity problems. 
       After the beginning of the war all interest of the Navy
       disappeared. The USN did not really want an aircraft with a
       liquid-cooled engine, and anyway the FL couldn't compete with
       the {F4U} Corsair. One built.
       Type: XFL-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 845 kW Allison XV-1710-6
       Wing Span: 10.68m  Length: 9.09m  Weight: 3.91m  Wing Area: 21.57m2
       Empty Weight: 2343kg  Max.Weight: 3274kg
       Max. Speed: 541km/h  Ceiling: 9425m  Max. Range: 1725km
       Armament: (2*mg7.62mm 1*g37mm)
FL-23, Fletcher
       (P-USA-A-U-?-?-?)
       STOL liaison and training aircraft, a design competing with the
       Cessna {L-19}. It did not enter production. 
FLB, Fokker / General Aviation
       (I-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARO1)
       FLB for Flying Life Boat. Later these USCG aircraft were
       redesignated {PJ}.
FM, Lockheed
       (?-USA-AC-F-?-?-?)
       Not built.
FM Wildcat, General Motors
       (S-USA-AC-F-MN-N-AR1)
       Grumman {F4F} Wildcat built by General Motors. All Wildcat
       production was undertaken by the Eastern division of GM
       from 1943 onwards. The FM-1 was equivalent to the F4F-4.
       The FM-2 was a lighter version, the XF4F-8, specially
       developed for escort carriers. Despite the age of the design,
       the FM-2 was still useful, and below 3000m it actually
       outperformed more modern fighters such as the {P-51}D
       or {F6F}-5.
       Type: FM-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Wright R-1820-56
       Max. Speed: 534 km/h  Ceiling: 10800m  Max. Range: 2170km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
FM-1 Airacuda, Bell
       (I-USA-A-F-MN-N-ILW2)
       Experimental fighter with two pusher engines. Two 37mm cannon were
       installed in front of the engine nacelles, controlled by a remote
       position in the fuselage, but with gunners behind them as back-up
       and loaders. FM stands for 'Fighter Multiplace' and is an USAAC
       designation, not an USN designation. The idea was that such aircraft
       would act as bomber destroyers, but performance was much inferior
       to that of single-engined, single-seat fighters. 14 built.
       Type: XFM-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937 Crew: 5   Engines: 2 * 1150hp Allison V-1710-13
       Wing Span: 21.33m  Length: 14.00m  Height: 3.78m  Wing Area: 55.74m2
       Empty Weight: 6203kg  Max.Weight: 8618kg
       Max. Speed: 432km/h  Ceiling: 10600m  Max. Range: 4185km
       Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm 20*b13.6kg
FN, Seversky
       (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Shipboard fighter derived from the {P-35}, for the USN. Only one
       was built, because the Navy felt that the low-speed handling
       characteristics of the XFN-1 were unsatisfactory for decklandings. 
       Type: XFN-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 950hp Wright R-1820-22
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 7.44m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 20.44m2
       Empty Weight: 1823kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 430km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1570km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
FO, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-AV-F-MN-N-T1)
       Renamed X{FV}, see there. 
FO, Lockheed FO
       (S-USA-A-R-N-T-IL2)
       Some F-5B reconnaisance aircraft, versions of the {P-38},
       on loan to the USN.
FR Fireball, Ryan
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1&J1)
       Neat mixed-power naval fighter, with a R-1820 radial in the
       nose and an I-16 jet engine in the tail. The FR-1 was completely 
       flush-riveted, had a laminar flow wing, and tricycle undercarriage.
       It was not exceptionally fast, but had a very good climb
       performance. The FR-1 was too late for participation in WWII,
       and only 66 were built. They were retired in November 1947, mainly
       because of a long history of landing gear failures in deck landings. 
       Type: FR-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * Wright R-1820-72W
                                     1 * 725kg General Electric J31-GE-3
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 9.86m  Height: 3.97m  Wing Area: 25.55m2
       Empty Weight: 3593kg  Max. Weight: 4810kg
       Max. Speed: 685km/h  Ceiling: 13150m  Max. Range: 2300km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
FT, Northrop
       (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Monoplane shipboard fighter with fixed landing gear, ordered 
       together with the {F7B}. The XFT-1, after modification known
       as the XFT-2, did little to make monoplanes popular with the
       US Navy; it was finally declared unairworthy. 
       Type: XFT-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 625hp Wright R-1510-26
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 6.43m  Height: 2.87m  Wing Area: 16.44m2
       Empty Weight: 1120kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 378km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 1570km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
FU, Vought
       (I-USA-A|AS-F|R-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter, used as a catapult-launched floatplane based on
       US cruisers. It was based on the Vought {UO} observation aircraft.
       They could also be fitted with wheeled undercarriages. 
       Type: FU-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Wright Whirlwind
       Wing Span: 10.46m  Length: 8.46m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 26.94m2
       Empty Weight: 941kg  Max.Weight: 1258kg
       Speed: 242km/h  Ceiling: 8378m  Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
FV, Vickers-Canada 
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Designation assigned to {F6F}s built in Canada. This plan did
       not proceed.
FV Vertical Riser, Lockheed
       (P-USA-AV-F-MN-N-T1)
       Turboprop-engined tail-sitting VTOL fighter. The XFV-1 was a
       small aircraft with enormous contra-rotating propellers, a
       small wing span and X-type tail surfaces, which had small
       castoring wheels. It was flown as a conventional aircraft,
       with a fixed temporary undercarriage, because the engine was
       underdeveloped. Finally it was cancelled because of control
       problems, before vertical take-off had been attempted. One
       built.
       Type: XFV-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1954 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 4045kW Allison YT40-A-6
       Wing Span: 8.63m  Length: 11.23m  Height:   Wing Area: 22.85m2
       Empty Weight: 5261kg  Max.Weight: 7358kg
       Max. Speed: 934km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 1.17hrs
       Armament: (4*g20mm)
FV-12, Rockwell
       (P-USA-AV-F-HS-N-J1)
       Number 12 in the 'V for VTOL' series. It was an unusual design,
       with aft-set wings, canards, and wingtip fins. It never managed
       to fly, but tethered tests were done. After many years, spending
       a lot of money testing numerous prototypes and experimental aircraft,
       the US had to accept a British VTOL design, the A{V-8} Harrier.
       Type: XFV-12A
       Function: experimental / fighter
       Year: 1977 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 133.4 kN P&W F401-PW-400
       Max. Speed: Mach 2+ Ceiling:   Max. Range: 
       Armament:
FVL-8, Pomilio / Engineering Division
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       This biplane fighter was designed around the Liberty 8 liquid-cooled
       engine. It was of wooden construction, with plywood fuselage
       skinning. Six prototypes were built. 
       Type: FVL-8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 280hp Liberty 8
       Wing Span: 8.13m  Length: 6.60m  Height: 2.49m  Wing Area: 26.38m2
       Empty Weight: 783kg  Max.Weight: 1036kg
       Speed: 214km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
FY Pogo, Convair
       (P-USA-AV-F-LD-N-T1)
       The XFY was a turboprop-engined tail-sitting VTOL fighter,
       built as a competitor to the {FV}, and sharing its T40 engine
       and massive contra-rotating propellers. The fuselage was short
       and bulbous, the wing of cropped delta planform, the tailfin
       and ventral fin enormous. The landing gear consisted of four
       small castoring wheels, and the tips of wings and fins. The
       XFY-1 was more successful than the XFV-1, and made vertical
       take-offs and landings, as well as transitions to horizontal
       flight. The biggest problem of the Pogo was it poor
       controllability in vertical hover, and landing it was considered
       dangerous. One built.
       Type: XFY-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1954 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 4270kW Allison T40-A-6
       Wing Span: 8.43m  Length: 10.66m  Height: 6.98m  Wing Area: 32.98m2
       Empty Weight: 5327kg  Max.Weight: 7371kg
       Max. Speed: 982km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament: 4*g20mm, or 48 2.75in rockets
--G---------------------------------------------------------------------------
G-1, Kellet
       (I-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1)
       Autogiro, equivalent to the civilian KD-1. The G-1 had two open
       cockpits, a radial engine and a three-bladed rotor. Eight were
       ordered by he USAAC. 
       Type: YG-1A
       Function: autogiro
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Jacobs R-755-1
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
G-1, Frankfort
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       The TG-1 was a training glider.
G-2, L.W.F.
       (F-USA-A-FRB-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat biplane, intended as heavy fighter, reconaissance aircraft,
       and bomber. The G-2 carried seven rifle-calibre machine guns: Four
       synchronized guns in the nose, two in the rear cockpit, and one
       ventral gun. It was powered by a Liberty V-12 engine, unusually
       powerful by WWI standards. Flight test was considered successful,
       but the development was halted when the second prototype crashed,
       the first (model G) had already been destroyed in late 1917.
       Type: G-2
       Function: fighter/reconaissance/bomber 
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 435hp Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 12.69m  Length: 8.88m  Height: 2.86m  Wing Area: 47.94m2
       Empty Weight: 1213kg  Max.Weight: 1825kg
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 4hrs
       Armament: 7*mg7.62mm
G-2, Schweizer
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       The TG-2 was used as training glider.
G-2, Pitcairn
       (I-USA-R-?-?-?)
       Autogiro. Handling was bad, and NACA considered it unsuitable
       for service use.
G-2, Timm
       (?-USA-AG-C-?-?-0)
       The Timm AG-2 was an assault glider.
G-3, Waco
       (S-USA-AG-CT-HN-N-0)
       The Waco CG-3 was a troop carrying glider. It had a crew of 2,
       and seven seats. Towing speed was 192km/h. Approx 100 built,
       used mainly as trainers.
G-3, Schweizer
       (S-USA-AG-T-LN-N-0)
       Schweizer TG-3 training glider.
G-4, Waco 
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       The Waco CG-4 was a troop transport glider. It was extensively
       used on D-day. The CG-4 was a simple shoulder-wing aircraft, the
       nose of which could swing up for fast unloading. 13900 were built.
       Type: CG-4
       Function: assault glider
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 0
       Towing Speed: 200km/h
       Load: 15 troops; or one jeep plus crew.
G-4, Laister-Kaufmann
       (S-USA-AG-T-MN-N-0)
       The TG-4A was a training glider.
G-5, Aeronca
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       The TG-5 was a training glider developed from the {L-3}.
       Type: TG-5
       Task: Training glider
       Year:    Crew:   Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
G-6, Taylorcraft 
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       The TG-6 was a training glider developed from the {L-2}. The
       engine was removed, the fuselage lengthened, and a third seat
       installed. 250 built.
       Type: TG-6
       Task: Training glider.
       Year:    Crew: 3  
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
G-7, Laister-Kaufmann 
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       The XCG-7 was a glider transport, somewhat smaller than the
       C{G-10} of the same manufacturer. One pilot, seven troops.
G-7, Schweizer
       (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1)
       Two-seat motorized glider, used as trainer by the Air Force
       Academy. The TG-7 is a low-wing monoplane of all-metal
       construction.
       Type: TG-7
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1982  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 83kZ Lycoming O-235-L2C
       Wing Span: 18.14m  Length: 8.38m  Height: 2.37m  Wing Area: 18.18m2
       Empty Weight: 572kg  Max.Weight: 839kg
       Speed: 183km/h  Ceiling: 7315m  Range: 963km
G-8, Schweizer
       (M-USA-A-R-N-N|T-AI1|AI2)
       The US Coast Guard bought two Schweizer Condor motorized gliders,
       equipped as RG-8 quiet surveillance aircraft for anti-narcotics
       operations. The RG-8B,a highly modified, twin-boom twin-engined
       version, was renamed R{U-38}.
       Type: RG-8A
       Function: surveillance
       Year: 1987  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Lycoming IO-540
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
G-8, Piper 
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       The TG-8 was a training glider developed from the {L-4}, but
       of course without engine. 
       Type: TG-8
       Task: Training glider
       Year:    Crew:   Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
G-10, Laister-Kaufmann
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       The XCG-10A was a large experimental transport glider. I could
       carry 30 troops or 5 tons. Built of wood.
G-13, Waco
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       The CG-13 was a large glider transport, a development of the C{G-4}.
       Capable of carrying 42 troops.
G-15, Waco
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       The CG-15 was another development of the C{G-4}. Two pilots, 16
       seats, and towing speed of 288km/h.
G-16, General Airborne
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-T-0)
       The XCG-16A of 1944 was a flying-wing, twin-boom glider
       transport aircraft. Two built.
       Type: XCG-16A
       Function: transport glider
       Year: 1944  Crew: 2  Engines: 0 * -
       Wing Span: 28.04m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 8618kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load: 3635kg, 40 seats
G-17, Douglas
       (S-USA-AG-T-LN-N-0)
       The XCG-17 was a glider verion of the {C-47}, intended to be
       towed by a {C-54}. Towing speed was 464km/h, and it could
       carry 6356kg or 40 troops. One built.
G-18
       (P-USA-AG-C-?-?-0)
       The CG-18 was a transport glider. 1946.
G-20, Chase
       (P-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       The XCG-20 was a transport glider, precursor of the {C-123}. Two
       built.
GA-1, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-A-T-N-ILBP2)
       A large, heavily armoured triplane, intended to attack the infantry
       with gunfire. Severely underpowered. Ten built.
       Type: GA-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1921  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 320kW Liberty 12A
       Speed: 85mph  Ceiling:    Range:
       Armament: 8*mg7.62mm  1*g37mm
GA-2, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-A-B-N-IL1)
       Intended for the same purpose as the {GA-1}, but a much smaller
       single-engined biplane. Two built.
       Type: GA-2
       Function: attack
       Year: 1921  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 550kW Engineering Division W-18
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg12.7mm 1*g37mm 2*mg7.62mm
GB Traveller, Beech 
       (I-USA-A-TU-B-N-AR1)
       Navy version of the U{C-43}.
GH Nightingale, Howard
       (S-USA-A-UC-HN-N-AR1)
       Transport / ambulance aircraft developed from the civil
       DGA-15/16 transport. This was itself a development of the
       DGA-6 "Mr. Mulligan", winner in the Thompson and Bendix
       races of 1935. The DGA-15 was also used as U{C-70} and {NH}. 
       Type: GH-1
       Function: transport / ambulance
       Year: 1941   Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-2
       Speed:   265km/h      Ceiling: 6100m      Range: 1130km
       Freight: 3 seats
GK, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1|AR1)
       Navy version of the U{C-61}.
GMB, Martin
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2)
       First post-war twin-engined USAF bomber, the Martin MB-1. The
       MB-1 was a biplane of wooden construction, with good performance.
       Due to the end of WWII, the production was very limited. Just
       ten MB-1s were built, in different versions: Four observation
       aircraft, three bombers, one long-range bomber ({GMT}), a cannon-
       armed bomber ({GMC}) and a transport ({GMP}).
       Type: GMB
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1918  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 295kW Liberty 12A
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling: 3140m  Range: 630km
       Armament: 5*mg, 470kg
GMC, Martin
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2)
       For 'Glenn Martin Cannon', a {GMB} with a 37mm cannon in the nose.
       One built.
GMP, Martin
       (F-USA-A-C-B-N-ILB2)
       For 'Glenn Martin Passenger', a transport version of the {GMB}.
       Renamed T-1. One built.
GMT, Martin
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2)
       For 'Glenn Martin Transcontinental', a long range version of
       the {GMB}. One built.
GS, Curtiss
       (F-USA-AS-F-T|B-N-AR1)
       The GS (for 'Gnome Scout') was a floatplane, developed as a
       single-engined, single-seat fighter for the US Navy. The single GS-1
       built was of triplane configuration, the five GS-2s were of biplane
       configuration. The engine was an US-built version of the French
       Gnome rotary. They were delivered in 1918, but pilot's reports on
       them were generally unfavourable. 
GV Hercules, Lockheed 
       (M-USA-A-C-HN-N-TW4)
       Early navy designation for {C-130}.
--H---------------------------------------------------------------------------
H, Curtiss
       (F-USA-AF-P-B-N-ILB2)
       The original Curtiss 'America' was built for a transatlantic flight.
       WWI intervened, and it was not until after the war that the Atlantic
       would be crossed. But the H-series (H-4, H-6, H-12, H-16 ) was much
       used during the war. They were biplane flying boats. In Britain,
       Felixstowe built a series of flying boats which were essentially
       Curtiss Hs with a redesigned fuselage. 
       Type: H-12
       Task: patrol flying boat
       Year: 1917  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 330hp Liberty 12
       Max. Speed: 137km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament: 3*mg, 108kg
H-1 Hueycobra, Bell
       (P-USA-H-A-R2-N-T1|T2)
       The AH-1, Bell model 209, was the first true gunship helicopter.
       It was a derivative of the U{H-1} "Huey", with the same engine
       and rotor system, but a new forward fuselage. The AH-1 was rushed
       into service during the Vietnam war, and it became the standard
       US attack helicopter. Later versions had T400 twin-pack engines,
       or two T700 engines as used in the H-60. While the AH-1 was
       replaced in the US Army, improved versions still serve in the USMC, 
       and other users include Israel, Japan, Pakistan, Iran, and South
       Korea. Currently plans are being made for a major upgrade, with
       a four-bladed bearingless rotor. 
       Type: AH-1G
       Function: attack
       Year: 1967  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1810kW Lycoming T53-L-13
       Speed: 277km/h   Ceiling: 3470m  Range: 570km
       Load: 2*mg7.62mm or 2*gl40mm 4 points
       Type: AH-1S
       Function: attack
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1343kW Lycoming T53-703
       Rotor Span: 13.41m  Length:   Height: 14.2m  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 2939kg  Max.Weight: 4535kg
       Speed: 333km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 510km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 
H-1 Iroquois, Bell
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|T2)
       The UH-1, better known as "Huey", has been the standard US
       tactical transport helicopter for a long time. The early models
       were not very effective in Vietnam, but improvements produced
       a versatile and reliable aircraft. There were also EH-1 electronic
       warfare TH-1 trainer, and VH-1 VIP transport versions. The flexible
       design has been adapted to use a number of different engines, apart
       from the original T53, and the model 212 (UH-1N) started a line of
       twin-engined derivatives. The fuselage has also been stretched
       considerably. The UH-1 is now being replaced by the {H-60} in some
       roles, but upgrading of remaining UH-1s with T700 or T800 engines
       is being considered, possible with the same dynamics as planned
       for the upgraded A{H-1}. Over 60 countries use the UH-1 or its
       derivatives. 
       Type: UH-1H
       Function: utility
       Year: 1967  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1044kW Lycoming T53-L-13
       Rotor Span: 14.63m  Length: 17.4m  Height: 4.42m  Disc Area: 168m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 4310kg
       Speed: 204km/h  Ceiling: 3840m  Range: 510km
       Load: 11 to 14 seats, or 1759kg
H-2, Bell 
       (P-USA-H-X-R2-N-T1)
       RH-2 for 'Research Helicopter'. A version of the U{H-1} for
       instrument tests.
H-2 Seasprite, Kaman
       (M-USA-H-ACU-R4-N-T1|T2)
       The Kaman H-2 is a compact all-weather helicopter for the US Navy.
       It was built as transport (UH-2), ASW helicopter (SH-2) and rescue
       (HH-2) helicopter. It first flew in 1959, and the production line
       was reopened in 1981. From 1967 onwards they were converted to
       have two T700 engines instead of a single T58. In 1992 the USN
       ordered the conversion of 24 to SH-2G standard, with new engines
       and rotor blades. A lot of USN ships have one or two SH-2s on
       board. Budget cuts have strongly reduced the numbers of SH-2s in
       service, although the H-60 is too large to replace it completely. 
       Type: SH-2F
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1987  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1007kW G.E. T700-GE-8F
       Rotor Span: 13.41m  Length: 16.03m  Height: 4.72m  Disc Area: 141.25m2
       Empty Weight: 3193kg  Max.Weight: 5805kg
       Speed: 265km/h   Ceiling: 6880m  Range: 680km
       Load:
H-2, Standard
       (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane trainer, powered by a 93hp Hall-Scott A-5 engine. The
       Signal corps ordered some of these three-seat aircraft in 1916.
H-3 Sea King, Sikorsky
       (M-USA-H-U|A-R5-N-T2)
       The Sikorsky S-61, a large, versatile twin-engined helicopter. It 
       has been built in versions for Search & Rescue (HH-3), ASW (SH-3),
       tactical transport (CH-3), mine sweeping (RH-3), VIP transport
       (VH-3), special operations (MH-3), and commercial transport
       helicopter. Westland built many derivatives as the {Sea King} and
       the {Commando}, and it was also built by Mitsubishi and Agusta.
       There are two basic models: The original S-61 with a waterthight
       float bottom, and the enlongated model with a rear loading ramp. 
       Type: SH-3D
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1966  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1044kW G.E. T58-GE-10
       Rotor Span: 18.90m  Length: 16.69m  Height: 5.13m
       Disc Area: 280.5m2
       Empty Weight: 5382kg  Max.Weight: 9752kg
       Speed: 267km/h  Ceiling: 4480m  Range: 1005km
       Load: 381kg b,t,msl.
H-3, Standard
       (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Improved version of the Standard {H-2}. Nine built.
H-4, Bell
       (P-USA-H-R?-?-?-?)
       The OH-4, Bell model 206, was designed as a light observation
       helicopter. The O{H-6} was selected. 1962.
H-4H, Standard
       (F-USA-AS-T-B-N-IL1)
       Seaplane version of the Standard {H-3} for the USN. Three built.
H-5, Sikorsky 
       (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1)
       Formerly {R-5}, the Sikorsky S-51.
       Type : H-5F
       Function: utility
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-985
       Speed: 165km/h   Ceiling: 4270m  Range: 420km
       Load: 3 seats.
H-5, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-R-R?-?-?)
       The OH-5 was designed as a light observation helicopter for the
       Army. It lost the competition to the O{H-6}. Appeared later on
       the civil market as the FH-1100.
H-6 Cayuse, Hughes
       (P-USA-H-ARU-R3-P-T1)
       A small and agile helicopter with a distinctive teardrop shape. The
       OH-6 Cayuse was used by the US Army in Vietnam for observation 
       duties. Also known as the 'Loach'. The AH-6 and MH-6 versions 
       are known as 'Defender'; only 20 or so of these are in service 
       with special units.
       Type: OH-6A
       Function: observation
       Year: 1966  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 263kW Allison T63-A-5A
       Rotor Span: 8.03m  Length: 9.24m  Height: 2.48m  Wing Area: 50.60m2
       Empty Weight: 524kg  Max.Weight: 1225kg
       Speed: 274km/h  Ceiling: 4800m  Range: 610km
       Load: 1*mg
H-10, Kellett
       (S-USA-H-U-2R2-N-AI1)
       See {R-10}. The H-10A production version was never ordered.
H-12, Hiller 
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-P-AI1)
       One of the more successful small helicopters. The basic design
       dates back to the 1950s, but deliveries of the light UH-12
       helicopter were resumed in 1986!
       Type: UH-12
       Function: utility
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 228kW Lycoming VO-540
       Speed: 154km/h   Ceiling: 4940m   Range: 676km/h
       Load: 2 seats
H-13, Bell
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1)
       The Bell model 47. The model 47 was the first certified civil
       helicopter; the military H-13 model proved the military
       usefulness of the helicopter in the Korean war. The H-13
       also served in the US Navy, as the {HTL} trainer helicopter.
       It was license-built by Agusta in Italy and Westland in the UK.
       In its most familair form, the steel-tube tail structure of the
       Bell 47 is uncovered and the crew sit under a large plexiglass
       'bubble'. But there are also configurations with more faired
       in fuselages. 
       Type: 47G
       Function: observation
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 167kW Franklin 6VS-335
       Rotor Span: 11.36m  Length: 8.71m  Height: 2.84m  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 698kg  Max.Weight: 1157kg
       Speed: 177km/h  Ceiling: 7010m  Range: 380km
       Load: 2 seats
H-15, Kellett
       (P-USA-H-X-R?-?-K?)
       The XH-15 was an experimental helicopter. The rotor was driven
       by Reaction Motors XLR-32 rocket engines on the tips. It flew
       in 1954.
H-16, Piasecki
       (P-USA-A-C-2R?-N-AR2|T2)
       Large tandem-rotor helicopter. First with two 2100hp P&W radial
       engines, later reengined with Allison YT38-A-3 turbines.
       Type: YH-16
       Function:
       Year: 1953  Crew:   Engines: 2 * P&W R-2180-11
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-17, Kellett-Hughes
       (P-USA-H-C-R3-N-J1)
       One built. At 19960kg, the XH-17 was more than twice as heavy
       than any contemporary helicopter. It was a 'skycrane', with four
       long long legs that enabled it to straddle bulky cargoes.
       The exhaust of the J35 engine was directed to the rotor tips.
       Type: XH-17
       Function: transport
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * G.E. J35
       Rotor Span: 130ft  Length:   Height: 30ft  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 46000lb
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range: 65km
       Load: 25000lbs7
H-18, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-U-R?-?-?|T1)
       Four-place development of the Sikorsky S-52. The YH-18 with an 245hp
       engine was underpowered. The YH-18B had a 280hp Turbomeca Artouste
       turbine engine.
H-19 Chikasaw, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-AR1|T1)
       The Sikorsky S-55, once a very widespread helicopter type. Some
       are still flying, some equipped with turbine engines. The H-19
       had a radial engine fitted in the bulbous nose, behind clamm-shell
       doors. The fuselage was deep and box-like, with the cocpit high
       on top above the spacious cabin. The H-19 was used by the USAF,
       the USN, the USMC and the USCG --- the Navy designations were
       {HO4S} and {HRS}. It was licence-built by the British Westland
       as the {Whirlwind}. 
       Type: UH-19B
       Function: utility
       Year: 1951  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 800hp Wright R-1300-3
       Rotor Span: 16.15m  Length: 12.88m  Height: 4.06m
       Disc Area: 204.94m2
       Empty Weight: 2381kg  Max.Weight: 3583kg
       Speed: 180km/h at SL  Ceiling:   Range: 720km
       Load: 10 seats
H-20  Hughes XH-20 Little Henry
       (P-USA-H-X-R2-N-J2)
       One built. The XH-20 was powered by ramjets at the rotor tips.
       It was no more than a steel tube frame with an open seat for
       the pilot, a rudder and fuel tanks.
       Type: 1947
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 2 *
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-21 Work Horse, Boeing-Vertol 
       (M-USA-H-C-2R4-N-AR1)
       Development of {HRP} tandem rotor helicopter for the USAF. The
       H-21 had a high upswept tail, to lift the aft rotor above the
       front rotor. Over 500 were built.
       Type: H-21C
       Function: transport
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1050kW Wright R-1820-103
       Rotor Span: 13.41m  Length: 26.31m  Height: 4.70m  Disc Area:282.52m2
       Empty Weight: 3629kg  Max.Weight: 6668kg
       Speed: 211km/h  Ceiling: 2360m  Range: 640km
       Load: 20 seats, 2130kg
H-23 Raven, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-P-AI1)
       Development of the {H-12}. Around 2000 of this small heli were
       built.
       Type: 0H-23D
       Function: observation / utility
       Year: 1946  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 241kW Lycoming VO-435-A1C
       Rotor Span: 10.82m  Length: 8.53m  Height: 2.97m  Disc Area: 92.47m2
       Empty Weight: 824kg  Max. Weight: 1225kg
       Speed: 153km/h  Ceiling: 4020m  Range: 320km
       Load: 2 seats
H-25 Army Mule, Boeing-Vertol 
       (M-USA-H-C-2R3-N-AR1)
       US Army version of the {HUP}, see there.
H-26 Jet Jeep, American Helicopter
       (P-USA-H-U-R?-?-J2)
       Single-seat, collapsible helicopter powered by pulse jets on the
       rotor tips.
       Type: XH-26
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 16kg
       Speed: 130km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 170km
       Load:
H-28, Enstrom
       (M-USA-H-T-R?-?-T1)
       The TH-28 was a modified Enstrom model 280 as trainer for the US
       Army, intended to replace the UH-1 in the training role. The
       Bell 206B JetRanger III was chosen instead.
       Type: TH-28
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1988  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 313kW Allison 250-C20B
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-28, Hughes
       (P-USA-H-C-R?-?-?)
       Project only. Development of the X{H-17}. Designed maximum weight
       was 47627kg
H-32, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-?-R2-P-?1&J2)
       Only 17 built. Prototype flew in 1952. The H-32 had a small
       engine to bring the rotor to speed; then small ramjets at the
       tips of the two-bladed rotor were ignited.
       Type: YH-32
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * kW
                                 2 * kN
       Speed: 130km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-34 Choctaw, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-UC-R4-N-AR1)
       The Sikorsky S-58 was a very successful general-duty helicopter.
       The radial engine was fitted in the nose as in the {H-19}, but the
       fuselage was more streamlined: the box-and-boom design of the
       H-19 was replaced by a simply tapering structure, the aft end of
       which could be folded. The type was known as {HSS} or {HUS} in USN
       and USMC service, and was license-built by Westland as the
       {Wessex} (with a turbine engine). The S-58 also pioneered
       airline helicopter operations. Some are still flying, often
       converted with turbine engines. 2261 were built.
       Type: UH-34D
       Function: utility
       Year: 1955  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1120kW Wright R-1820
       Speed: 200km/h   Ceiling: 3660m  Range: 400km
       Load: 18 seats
H-35, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AV-X-R3&HN-T-AR1)
       Renamed V-1.
H-37 Mojave, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-C-R5-N-AR2)
       Large and ugly piston-engined transport helicopter, the first
       twin-engined design of Sikorsky. The radial engines were
       installed in nacelles at the ends of high-set stub wings,
       which also contained the retractable landing gear. The H-37
       was also ordered by the USN as the {HR2S}, including an HR2S-1W
       early-warning radar version. 
       Type: CH-37A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1955  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1545kW P&W R-2800
       Speed: 210km/h   Ceiling: 2650m  Range: 320km
       Load: 33 seats, 4536kg
H-39, Sikorsky 
       (P-USA-H-U-R?-?-?|T1)
       The XH-39 was a modified YH-18B. One set a world altitude record
       for rotorcraft: 7468m, in 1954.
H-40, Bell 
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|T2)
       The XH-40 was renamed {HU-1}, then U{H-1}.
H-41 Seneca, Cessna
       (P-USA-H-U-R?-N-?1)
       Utility heli. The YH-41 was a small aircraft with a nose-mounted
       engine and a cabin similar to that of the Cessna monoplanes. 29
       were built between 1954 and 1962, including a number of {CH-1}s
       for the US Army. Cessna soon decided to abandon the helicopter
       business. 
H-43 Huskie, Kaman 
       (P-USA-H-U-2R2-P-AR1|T1)
       The HH-43, with its intermeshing twin rotors, was the standard
       rescue helicopter at USAF airfields. It was also used by the USN
       (also known as {HUK}) and USMC (as {HOK}). The HH-43 was slow, but
       very reliable. It was not suitable for rescue missions under
       enemy fire, but because nothing better was available the armoured
       and armed HH-43F was briefly used as such in Vietnam. From the
       HH-43B model onwards T53 turboshaft engine replaced the P&W R-1340
       radial. 
       Type: HH-43B
       Function: SAR
       Year: 1958  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 640kW Lycoming T53-L-1B
       Speed: 193km/h   Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 445km
       Load: 1760kg
H-44, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-?-R?-?-?)
       The XH-44 was a coaxial rotor helicopter. 1944.
H-46 Sea Knight, Boeing-Vertol
       (P-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2)
       Tandem-rotor transport and utility helicopter for the USMC and USN.
       The two turboshaft engines are fitted on the aft rotor pylon; the
       fuselage is watertight and compartimented, with a large aft loading
       door. In service as UH-46 and CH-46 transport and HH-46 rescue
       helicopter with the USN and the USMC.  Very similar to the
       C{H-47} in general layout, because the CH-47 is in fact a larger
       development of the CH-46. Currently built by Kawasaki as the KV-107.
       Type: CH-46A
       Function: transport
       Year: 1964  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * kW G.E. T58
       Rotor Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight:
       Speed: 253km/h   Ceiling: 3960m  Range: 370km
       Load: 25 seats
H-47 Chinook, Boeing-Vertol 
       (M-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2)
       The standard US Army medium transport helicopter. A 'banana'
       design with fore and aft rotors, and a loading ramp in the tail.
       Large underslung loads are also carried, including large guns
       or downed aircraft --- CH-47s saved a lot of hardware. There is
       also an MH-47 version for the special forces, equipped with a
       refuelling probe.
       Type: CH-47C
       Function: transport
       Year: 1968  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 2760kW Lycoming T55-L-11C
       Rotor Span: 18.29m  Length: 30.18m  Height: 5.68m  Disc Area: 2 * 262.67m2
       Empty Weight: 9736kg  Max.Weight: 17463kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 3100m  Range: 2140km
       Load: 8440kg (internal), 10528kg (max), 33 seats
H-48, Bell
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-?)
       Model 204B, used as 'missile site support' helicopter.
H-50 Gyrodyne
       (P-USA-H-A-R?-?-T1)
       An unmanned ASW helicopter, built in 1960. The USN bought more than
       300. The Gyrodyne carried two torpedos.
       Type: QH-50
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1962 Crew: 0  Engines: 1 * 270hp Boeing T-50
       Speed: 150km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-51, Lockheed
       (P-USA-H-X-R4-N-T1|T1&J1)
       Three built. The H-51 set a few records. The XH-51 was a
       compound-heli, i.e. with an additional jet engine on a stub wing.
       Type: XH-51N
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1962  Crew:   Engines: 1 * P&W C T74
                                    1 * 1180kg P&W
       Speed: 437km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-52, Sikorksy
       (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-T1)
       Rescue helicopter used by the US Coast Guard, a derivation of
       of the {H-19}. The rotor and transmission were retained, but in
       a new fuselage with a boat hull, and a turboshaft engine was used. 
       Type: HH-52A
       Function: SAR
       Year: 1962  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1250hp G.E. T58-GE-8
       Rotor Span: 16.15m  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 175km/h   Ceiling: 3410m  Range: 763km
       Load: 12 seats, 1450kg
H-53 Stallion / Super Stallion, Sikorsky
       (M-USA-H-U-R6|R7-N-T2|T3)
       The most powerful western helicopter. It is easily recognized by
       its boxlike fuselage, large sponsons and inclined tail rotor pylon.
       The CH-53 Stallion is a transport; the MH-53 Sea Dragon is used
       for minesweeping, the HH-53 Super Jolly Green Giant is a rescue 
       helicopter. The H-53 is not without technical problems; The attempt
       to free US hostages from the embassy in Teheran was abandoned after
       three out of eight RH-53s became unflyable! There are two versions, 
       the 'Stallion', which is twin-engined with a six-bladed rotor; and 
       the 'Super Stallion', three-engined with a seven-bladed rotor.
       Type: CH-53E
       Function: transport
       Year: 1975  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 3266kW G.E. T64-GE-416
       Rotor Span: 24.08m  Length: 30.18m  Height: 8.66m  Disc Area: 455.36m2
       Empty Weight: 15071kg  Max.Weight: 33340kg
       Speed: 315km/h   Ceiling: 5640m  Range: 2075km
       Load: 55 seats, max. 16330kg
H-54 Tarhe, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-UC-R6-P-T2)
       This is the typical S-64 'Skycrane' helicopter, with a thin
       flatbottomed fuselage on very high wheel legs, with the cockpit
       slung under the main structure at front. This concept allowed for
       the carriage of a container behind the cockpit. The CH-54 was also
       used in Vietnam to retrieve 380 downed aircraft. The US Army
       bought 97, which were later replaced by the less powerful but
       more flexible CH-47. 
       Type: CH-54B
       Function: transport / crane
       Year: 1964  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 3580kW P&W T73-700
       Rotor Span: 21.95m  Length: 21.41m  Height: 5.67m
       Disc Area: 378.1m2
       Empty Weight: 8981kg  Max.Weight: 21318kg
       Speed: 200km/h   Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 410km
       Load: 9100kg
H-55 Osage, Hughes
       (P-USA-H-T-R3-P-AI1)
       Small training helicopter, the Hughes 269A-1. The TH-55 has a simple
       sferical cabin, a tubular tail boom, and a two-bladed rotor. 
       792 were built, civil production not included.
       Type: TH-55A
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1961  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 134kW Lycoming HIO-360-B1A
       Speed: 140km/h   Ceiling: 3625m  Range: 328km
       Load: 45kg
H-56 Cheyenne, Lockheed
       (P-USA-H-A-R4-N-T1)
       The complicated AH-56 anti-tank heli was rejected. Only 11 were
       built, and the procurement of a new attack heli was postponed
       until the A{H-64} came available. The AH-56 had an additional
       pusher prop on the tail.
       Type: AH-56A
       Function: attack
       Year: 1967  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2528kW G.E. T64-GE-16
       Speed: 410km/h   Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 1400km
       Load: 1 * g30mm, 1 * mg7.62mm, 900kg b,r,msl
H-57 Sea Ranger, Bell
       (M-USA-H-U|T-R2-N-T1)
       Bell model 206 Jet Ranger, used by the USN as trainer.
       Type: TH-57
       Function: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 317hp Allison 250-C18A
       Speed: 241km/h   Ceiling: 5180m  Range: 630km
       Load: 3 seats
OH-58 Kiowa, Bell
       (M-USA-H-RA-R2-N-T1)
       Standard US Army scout helicopter, developed from the
       model 206 JetRanger. The OH-58D was selected to replace the
       earlier OH-58A. There is also an armed version, unofficially
       known as the AH-58 Warrior.
       Type: OH-58A
       Function: observation
       Year: 1969  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 237kW Allison T63-A-700
       Speed: 220km/h   Ceiling: 5760m  Range: 490km
       Load: 2 seats, 1*mg7.62mm
H-59, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-X-2R3-N-T1&J2)
       Two built. The XH-59A was built to test the ABC rotor system,
       consisting of two three-blade, coaxial counter-rotating rotors.
       Type: XH-59A
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1973  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1360kW P&WC PT6T-3
                                     2 * 1360kg P&W J60-P-3A
       Rotor Span:   Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 488km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
H-60, Sikorsky
       (M-USA-H-U|A-R4-N-T2)
       The H-60 was developed to replace the U{H-1} as tactical transport
       helicopter. It has been developed into a wide range of models,
       including the UH-60 Black Hawk, EH-60, MH-60 Pave Hawk, CH-60, 
       VH-60, SH-60 Seahawk, and HH-60 Jayhawk. The UH-60 is a compact
       design, with large sliding doors for easy entry, and can carry
       larger loads than the UH-1. Survivability, reliability and
       easy maintenance were also required, and the UH-60 has lived
       up to expectations. A heavily armed version, the AH-60, is in
       service since 1990 but was kept classified until recently. 
       Type: UH-60A
       Function: utility
       Year: 1980  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1130kW G.E. T700-GE-700
       Rotor Span: 16.36m  Length: 19.76m  Height: 5.13m  Disc Area: 210.05m2
       Empty Weight: 4819kg  Max.Weight: 9185kg
       Speed: 296km/h   Ceiling: 5790m  Range: 600km
       Load: 11 seats, 4500kg on external hardpoints.
H-61, Boeing-Vertol
       (M-USA-H-U-R?-N-T2)
       Boeing design competing with the U{H-60}. Three built.
       Type: YUH-61
       Function: utility
       Year: 1974  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1146kW G.E. T700-GE-700
       Wing Span: 14.93m  Length: 18.13m  Height: 4.63m  Disc Area: 175.19m2
       Empty Weight: 4302kg  Max.Weight: 8481kg
       Speed: 290km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 964km
       Load: 11 seats, 4500kg
H-62, Boeing
       (M-USA-H-C-?R?-?-T3)
       Heavy-lift helicopter. Cancelled. The XCH-62 was to be powered by
       three 5945kW Allison T701 engines. 
H-63, Bell
       (M-USA-H-A-R?-?-T2)
       The YAH-63 attack heli lost the competition with the A{H-64}.
       Type: YAH-63
       Function: attack
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1130kW G.E. T700
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Load: 1 * g30mm, b,r,msl
H-64 Apache, Hughes
       (M-USA-H-A-R4-N-T2)
       Attack helicopter now in service with the US Army. The Apache is a
       relatively big helicopter with tandem seating. It is armed with 
       the M230 Chain Gun and up to sixteen AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank 
       missiles. The AH-64D Longbow Apache can have a rotor-mast mounted 
       millimetre-wave radar, and actively-homing Hellfire missiles. The 
       AH-64D without this radar would originally be named AH-64C, but the
       US Army decided that the cost of printing separate documentation is
       too high, and renamed it also AH-64D. The WAH-64D for the British
       Army, built by Westland, is powered by R.R.-Turbomeca RTM322
       engines. 
       Type: AH-64A
       Function: attack
       Year: 1986  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1265kW G.E. T700-GE-701
       Speed: 296km/h   Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 1700km
       Load: 1 * g30mm, 701kg msl,r
       Type: AH-64D
       Function: attack
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines:  2 * 1265kW G.E. T700-GE-701C
       Rotor Diameter: 14.63m  Length: 17.73m  Height: 4.95m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 5352kg  Max.Weight: 10107kg
       Speed: 264km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g30mm
H-65 Dauphin, Aerospatiale
       (M-USA-H-U-R-N-T2)
       The US Coast Guard selected the Aerospatiale SA366 Dauphin 2 for
       its requirement for a short-range rescue helicopter. Because of the
       'Buy American Act', the HH-65 uses 60% US equipment, including the
       LTS101 engines, which are both less powerful and less reliable than
       the original Turbomeca Arriel. The HH-65 has a performance inferior
       to that of the original helicopter. However, plans to reengine with
       T-800 engines were abandoned when the LTS-101 was brought to an
       acceptable standard of reliability.
       Type: HH-65
       Function: SAR
       Year: 1982  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 507kW Textron Lycoming LTS101-750A-1
       Rotor Diameter: 11.94m  Length: 13.68m  Height: 3.98mm  Disc Area: 111.97m2
       Empty Weight: 2720kg  Max.Weight: 4050kg
       Speed: 257km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 760km
       Load:
H-66 Comanche, Boeing-Sikorsky
       (M-USA-H-A-R?-N-T2)
       The new recce/attack helicopter of the US Army, selected under the
       LHX program. RAH-66 is a two-seater, built of composite materials.
       Stealth characteristics are achieved by retractable undercarriage and 
       weapons stubs, an angular shape and engine exhaust slots under the 
       fuselage. The propeller hub is entirely covered, and the tail rotor
       is a ducted fan. First prototype was rolled out in May 1995, with
       first flight expected in November.
       Type: RAH-66A
       Function: reconaissance / attack
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 895kW T800-LHT-801
       Rotor Span: 11.90m  Length: 14.28m  Height: 3.39m  Wing Area:
       Empty Weight: 3533kg  Max.Weight: 7869kg
       Speed: 328km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2335km
       Armament: 1*g20mm
H-67 Creek, Bell
       (M-USA-H-T-R2-N-?)
       The Bell model 206B JetRanger III was selected by the US Army
       as the TH-67 training helicopter.
HA, Curtiss HA
       (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-IL1)
       Fighter floatplane, developed for the USN. The HA had a deep, clean
       by rotund fuselage, that filled the gap between the lower and
       upper wing completely. It had a single main float, and small
       stabilising floats at the wingtips. The first prototype had bad
       handling characteristics, and crashed. It was rebuilt as the HA-1,
       together with a similar second aircraft, which was considerably
       better. The third aircraft was the HA-2,  which had the wing raised
       to well above the fuselage. Performance was still insufficient. 
       Type: HA-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 425hp Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 9.37m  Height: 3.23m  Wing Area: 35.95m2
       Empty Weight: 1111kg  Max.Weight: 1634kg
       Max. Speed: 203km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
HB-1, Huff-Daland 
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1)
       Single engined 'heavy' bomber.
HB-2, Fokker-Atlantic
       (I-USA-A-B-?N-?-IL2)
       Project for a twin-engine monoplane bomber with 787hp
       Packard 2A-2450 engines. Cancelled.
HB-3, Huff-Daland
       (I-USA-A-B-?N-?-IL2)
       Projected monoplane heavy bomber, with two 787hp
       Packard 2A-2450 engines. Cancelled.
HC-1, Boeing-Vertol 
       (P-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2)
       Renamed C{H-46} (YHC-1A) or C{H-47} (YHC-1B).
HCH, McDonnell
       (P-USA-H-C-R3-?-J3)
       The HCH-1 was a non-compound version of the {HRH}, 1953. It was
       intended as tactical transport. The HCH-1 had a three-bladed rotor
       with tipjets.
HE, Piper
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       Ambulance version of the {L-4} for the USN. The HE was equivalent
       to the Piper J-5C. They were later renamed to AE, when the letter
       H was being used for helicopters. The rear fuselage decking of the
       HE could be opened to accomodate someone on a stretcher.
Heinrich Pursuit
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Single-seat biplane fighter, developed in the USA during WWI. The
       Heinrich was a clean biplane fighter, powered by a relatively
       light engine. At the time the US Army preferred to equip its
       fighter units with easily available and well-tested foreign
       fighters. Three built.
       Type: Heinrich
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome
       Wing Span: 7.92m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 15.09m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 560kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
HJD Wirraway, McDonnell
       (P-USA-H-U-2R3&HN-N-ARW2)
       The HJD had its rotors on the tips of a large wing; the engines
       were fitted in nacelles on the mid wing. It was the world's
       first twin-engined helicopter. One built. 
       Type: XHJD-1
       Function: utility
       Year: 1946  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 336kW P&W R-985 Wasp Junior
       Speed: 190km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load: 10 seats
HJP, Piasecki
       (M-USA-H-C-2R3-N-AR1)
       See {HUP}.
HJS, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-?-R?-?-?)
       Sikorsky S-53. No production.
HN, Huff-Daland
       (P-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       Two seat biplane trainer. 134kW Wright-Hispano E-2 (HN-1)
       or 149kW Lawrence J-1 (HN-2). Six built.
HNS, Vought-Sikorsky
       (S-USA-H-TU-R3-N-AR1)
       Navy version of the {R-4} Hoverfly.
HO, Huff-Daland
       (P-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       Observation biplane developed from the {HN}. Three built.
HO-1, Hiller
       (P-USA-V-X-*-*-?)
       Renamed {VZ-1}.
HO-1 Djinn, Sud-Aviation
       (P-F-H-U-R2-P-T1)
       French observation helicopter. It was a light helicopter, built
       in quantity for military and civil customers. A tubular frame was
       fitted with a cabin and a gas turbine compressor for 'cold'
       compressed-air tipjets; this eliminated the need for a tail
       rotor. 178 were built, three were bought by the USN as YHO-1. 
       Type: SO 1221 Djinn
       Function: utility
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Palouste IV
       Rotor Span: 11.00m  Length: 5.30m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 360kg  Max.Weight: 800kg
       Speed: 130km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 112mls
HO-2, Hughes
       (P-USA-H-R-R3-P-AI1)
       Observation helicopter, the Hughes 269A. No production in HO-2 form,
       but the 269A was a succes in other versions, including the
       T{H-55} training helicopter.
HO2S, Sikorsky 
       (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1)
       Navy version of the {R-5}.
HO-3, Brantly
       (P-USA-H-R-R?-?-?)
       Observation helicopter.
HO3S, Sikorsky
       (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1)
       Navy version of the {H-5}.
HO-4, Bell 
       (M-USA-H-RA-R2-N-T1)
       Renamed O{H-58}.
HO4S, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-AR1)
       Navy designation of the {H-19}.
HO-5, Hiller 
       (P-USA-H-R-R?-?-?)
       Military version of the Hiller FH-1100, as observation
       helicopter. Not ordered.
HO5S, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-U-R3-P-AI1)
       Small single-engined helicopter, used in small numbers by the
       USMC and USCG. 
       Type: HO5S-1
       Function: utility
       Year: 1952  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 183kW Franklin O-425-1
       Rotor Span: 10.06m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1225kg
       Speed: 117km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
HO-6, Hughes 
       (P-USA-H-ARU-R3-P-T1)
       Renamed O{H-6}.
HOE, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-?-R2-P-?1&J2)
       Navy version of the {H-32}. The navy bought three of them.
HOK, Kaman
       (P-USA-H-TU-2R2-P-AI1)
       Larger development of the {HTK} as liason helicopter. The USAF
       version is the H{H-43}.
HOS, Sikorsky
       (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AI1)
       Navy version of the {R-6}.
HPS, Handley Page
       (I-GB-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Single-seat shipboard monoplane fighter, and advanced design
       developed for the the US Navy by the British Handley Page
       company, best known for its large bomber aircraft. The HPS-1
       (or H.P.21) was of wooden construction, with cantilever wings
       but fixed landing gear and an open cockpit. The HPS-1 demonstrated
       directional unstability and a weak undercarriage, and the contract
       was cancelled. Two built.
       Type: HPS-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 230hp Bentley B.R.2
       Wing Span: 8.91m  Length: 6.55m  Height: 2.92m  Wing Area: 10.64m2
       Empty Weight: 599kg  Max.Weight: 921kg
       Speed: 233km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
HR2S,Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-C-R5-N-AR2)
       Renamed {H-37}. There was also an AEW version of the HR2S. The
       entire forward lower fuselage of the HR2S-1W was a radome for
       the APS-20 radar.
       Type: XHR2S-1
       Function: SAR / transport
       Year: 1953  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1400kW P&W R-2800-50
       Speed: 196km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 350km
       Load:
       Type: HR2S-1W
       Task: AEW helicopter
       Year:    Crew:    Engines: 2 * 1900hp P&W R-2800-50
       Max. Speed: 122mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 220mls
       Armament:
HRB, Boeing-Vertol 
       (P-USA-H-C-2R3-N-T2)
       Renamed {H-46}.
HRH, McDonnell
       (P-USA-H-C-R?-?-?)
       Project only. Assault helicopter for the USMC. Compound helicopter
       with the rotor driven by tipjets. 30 seats. 1953.
HRP, Piasecki 
       (M-USA-H-C-2R4-N-AR1)
       The 'flying banana' was the first heli with tandem (fore and aft)
       rotors, in this case driven by a single engine in the tail. The
       HRP-2 model was much improved in comparison with the original
       HRP-1.
       Type: HRP-1
       Year: 1943  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340
       Speed: 160km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load: 10 seats
       Type: HRP-2
       Year: 1948  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340
       Speed: 168km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 480km
       Load: 10 seats
HRS, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-H-UC-R3-P-AR1)
       USMC version of the {H-19} / {HO4S}. 
HS, Curtiss
       (?-USA-AF-R-?-?-IL?1)
       Patrol flying boat.
       Type: HS-1L
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year:    Crew: 2/3  Engines: 1 * Liberty
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament: 2 * 80kg depth charge
HSL, Bell
       (P-USA-H-A-2R2-N-AR1)
       ASW helicopter with fore and aft rotors.
       Type: HSL-1
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1955  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 1765kW P&W R-2800-50
       Speed: 222km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 560km
       Load:
HSS Seabat, Sikorsky 
       (P-USA-H-UC-R4-N-AR1)
       Renamed {H-34}.
HT-2, Burgess
       (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-IL1)
       Improved version of the {HT-B}, see there.
HT-B, Burgess
       (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-IL1)
       Single-seat biplane fighter on floats, developed for the US Navy
       during WWI. The HT-B was a well-designed, but underpowered
       aircraft. Two were built, and six of the improved {HT-2}.
       Type: HT-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-2
       Wing Span: 10.46m  Length: 6.87m  Height: 3.28m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 137km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm
HTE, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-P-AI1)
       Navy designation of the {H-23}.
HTK, Kaman
       (P-USA-H-TU-2R2-P-AI1)
       Trainer and utility helicopter with intermeshing rotors. The HTK
       was, after initial problems were cured, too easy to fly to be
       good trainer. They were also widely used as utility aircraft, and
       one became the first remotely-piloted helicopter. 
       Type: HTK-1
       Function: trainer / utility
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 240hp Lycoming O-435
       Speed: 130km/h   Ceiling: 4420m  Range:
       Load:
HTL, Bell
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1)
       US Navy designation of the {H-13}, the Bell model 47.
HU-1, Bell
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|T2)
       Renamed U{H-1}. This designation is the origin of the nickname
       "Huey".
HU2K, Kaman 
       (M-USA-H-ACU-R4-N-T1|T2)
       Renamed {H-2}.
HUK, Kaman
       (P-USA-H-TU-2R2-P-AI1)
       USMC version of the {HOK}.
HUL, Bell 
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1)
       Bell model 47J, also known as {H-13}J, a four-seat version of
       the Bell model 47. 240hp Lycoming VO-435 engine.
HUP Retriever, Piasecki
       (P-USA-H-U-2R3-N-AR1)
       Tandem-rotor helicopter. It was designend as a shipboard
       rescue and utility helicopter. The rotors overlapped, so that
       it would fit in a carrier elevator with blades unfolded. 
       339 were built.
       Type: HUP-3
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 410kW Continental R-975-46A
       Rotor Span: 10.67m  Length: 17.35m  Height: 3.81m  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1782kg  Max.Weight: 2767kg
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling: 3050m  Range: 550km
       Load: 5 seats.
HUS Seahorse, Sikorsky 
       (P-USA-H-UC-R4-N-AR1)
       Renamed {H-34}.
--I---------------------------------------------------------------------------
--J---------------------------------------------------------------------------
J2F Duck, Grumman
       (S-USA-AS-U-B-N-AR1)
       Amphibian utility aircraft, a development of the {JF}.
       The J2F was a small biplane with a central float; the
       gap between float and fuselage was completely faired in.
       The J2F was built throughout WWII, and also used for covert
       night operations and SAR. 
       Type: J2F-6
       Function: utility
       Year: 1937  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 770kW Wright R-1830-54
       Wing Span: 11.89m  Length:   Height: 4.24m  Wing Area: 38m2
       Empty Weight: 1996kg  Max.Weight: 3493kg
       Speed: 283km/h  Ceiling: 6100m  Range:
       Freight: 5 seats, 1*mg7.62mm, depth-charges 147kg
J2K Forwarder, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-?1)
       Three-seat transport for the USCG, 1936. See {C-61}. 
J2W, Waco 
       (?-USA-A-U-B-N-?)
       Three seat cabin biplane.
J3F Goose, Grumman
       (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       After the first XJ3F-1, Production aircraft were renamed {JRF}.
J4F Widgeon, Grumman
       (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-AIW2)
       The J4F was a widely used utility amphibian, and a number are still
       flying. The J4F was a small twin-engined aircraft, designed for
       commercial use shortly before WWII. 15 were used by the USAF
       (as {OA-14}), 25 by the USCG and 131 by the USN. 345 were built.
       Type: J4F-2
       Function: utility
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 150kW Ranger L-440C-5
       Wing Span: 12.19m  Length: 9.47m  Height: 3.48m  Wing Area: 22.76m2
       Empty Weight: 1447kg  Max.Weight: 2041kg
       Speed: 245km/h  Ceiling: 4450m  Range: 1480km
       Freight: 3 to 5 seats
JA, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1)
       The XJA-1 was a Fokker Super Universal transport, a single-
       engined monoplane. One was tested, but no orders followed.
JA Norseman, Noorduyn 
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1)
       Navy designation of U{C-64}. 
JD, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARW2)
       Navy version of the {A-26} Invader. The JD-1 was used for target
       towing.
JF, Grumman
       (S-USA-AS-U-B-N-AR1)
       Utility amphibian, in fact a development of the Loening {O2L}. More
       developed versions were named {J2F}.
JK, Fairchild
       (?-USA-A-C-?-?-?)
       Fairchild model 45 5-seat transport.
JL, Columbia
       (P-USA-AF-U-MN-N-AR1)
       Mid-wing amphibian, intended to replace the {J2F} Duck. The
       XJL-1 looked like a J2F without upper wing and with tricycle
       undercarriage, but it was considerably larger. Only the two
       prototypes were built. 
       Type: XJL-1
       Function: utility
       Year: 1946  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1350hp Wright R-1820-56
       Wing Span: 15.24m  Length: 15.00m  Height: 4.80m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 3288kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 322km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 3330km
       Freight: 4 seats
JM, Martin 
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-ARW2)
       Navy version of the {AT-23} / TB-26G training version of the
       {B-26} Marauder. Used for target towing.
JN, Curtiss
       (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane trainer, better known as the 'Jenny'. After WWI it was
       the most common aircraft of barnstormers and flying circuses,
       not because it was particularly good, but because it was cheap
       and available in large numbers. 6813 were built, with the
       JN-4D 'Canuck' as most-built model.
       Type: JN-4
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 90hp Curtiss OX-5
       Max. Speed: 121km/h  Ceiling: 3350m  Max. Range:
       Armament:
JNS, Curtiss 
       (F-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Standardised {JN}. The US Army had between 200 and 300 of
       its JN trainers upgraded to JNS standard, with 134kW
       Hispano-Suiza engines.
JO, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Lockheed model 12, the Navy equivalent to the {C-40} of the USAAF.
       One XJO-3 wrote history in August 1939, when it became the very
       first twin-engined aircraft to be landed on a carrier. 
JR, Ford 
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1)
       USN version of Ford TriMotor. One prototype and eight operational
       aircraft.
JR2F Albatross, Grumman 
       (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       Also known as the H{U-16} or {UF}. See there.
JRB, Beech
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy equivalent of the U{C-45}. 
JRB Conestoga, Budd
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       Renamed {RB}.
JRC, Cessna
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       USN version of the Cessna T-50, equivalent to U{C-78}. 67 built.
JRF Goose, Grumman
       (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       Utility amphibian, a military version of civil G-21. The JRF
       was a small high-wing, twin-engined flying boat with the
       standard Grumman retractable landing gear, that made the
       wheel flush with the fuselage when retracted. 
       Type: JRF-5
       Function: utility
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-6
       Wing Span: 14.95m  Length: 11.73m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 3630kg
       Speed: 323km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 1030km
       Freight: 4 to 7 seats
JRM Mars, Martin
       (S-USA-AF-C-HN-N-ARW4)
       Transport version of the {PB2M} flying boat. Seven built.
       Type: JRM-1
       Function: transport
       Year: 1943  Crew: 11  Engines: 4 * 2200hp Wright R-3350-18
       Speed:   355km/h    Ceiling:       Range:
       Freight: 9300kg, 132 seats.
JRS, Sikorsky
       (I-USA-AF-C-PN-N-ARW2)
       S-43 flying boat used by the USN.
       Type: S-43
       Function: transport
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2   Engines: 2 * 550kW P&W Hornet
       Speed: 315km/h     Ceiling:  6100m   Range: 1300km
       Freight: 15 seats
JW, Waco
       (I-USA-A-U-B-N-?)
       Biplane. Waco model C.
--K---------------------------------------------------------------------------
K-16, Kaman
       (P-USA-AFV-X-HN-N-T2)
       Kaman modified a Grumman Goose VTOL aircraft, with a tilting wing
       and two Lycoming T53 engines, for the US Navy. 
KDB, Beechcraft
       (?-USA-A-*-?-?-?)
       Unmanned target aircraft.
KG-1, Kellet
       (I-USA-R-?-R4-N-AR1)
       Autogiro, military version of the civil KD-1.
       Type: KG-1A
       Task:
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 120kW Jacobs L4
       Max. Speed: 206km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range: 320km
       Armament:
--L---------------------------------------------------------------------------
L-1 Vigilant, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The little Vigilant was an useful liaison aircraft.
       Type: L-1
       Function: liaison
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 220kW Lycoming R-680-9
       Speed: 196km/h   Ceiling: 3900m  Range: 450km
       Freight:
L I, Lanzius
       (F-USA-A-?-B-N-IL1)       
       Two-seat biplane, developed for the US Army Signal Corps in 1917. 
L II, Lanzius
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Single-seat fighter derivative of the Lanzius {L I}. The L II had
       wings with variable camber and incidence, controlled by a system
       of cables and pulleys. One built.
       Type: L II
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 350hp Packard 1A-1237
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 7.62mm  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 544kg  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
L-2 Grasshopper, Taylorcraft 
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Taylor built the original Cub, but the L-2 was a new design, a
       similar high-wing monoplane with tandem seating. Up to 1942 it
       was known as the {O-57}. Fairly large numbers were built for
       liaison and artillery spotting tasks. 
       Type: L-2A
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 47kW Continental O-170-3
       Wing Span: 10.79m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 142km/h  Ceiling: 3060m  Range: 370km
L-3 Grasshopper, Aeronca
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       The Aeronca Defender and Super-Chief light aircraft. Used mainly
       for training.
       Type: L-3
       Function: utility
       Year:        Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 47kW Continental O-170-3
       Speed: 139km/h   Ceiling: 2400m  Range: 300km
       Freight: 2
L-4 Grasshopper, Piper
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       High-wing monoplane, a widely used as liaison and artillery spotting
       aircraft. The L-4, originally known as the {O-59}, was a modified
       version of the Piper J-3 Cub. The later L-4E was a Piper J-4, and
       the L-4F and L-4G were J-5 models. 4461 were built during WWII,
       plus 859 which had been delivered as O-59s. 
       Type: L-4
       Function: liaison / observation
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 47kW Continental O-170-3
       Wing Span: 10.74m  Length: 6.22m  Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight: 336kg  Max Weight: 554kg
       Speed: 137km/h   Ceiling: 2830m  Range: 300km
       Freight:
L-5 Sentinel, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Cabin monoplane, a small high-wing design. The L-5 (known earlier
       as the {O-62}) was the military version of Stinson 105 Voyager. 
       More than 3700 were used by the military, under a confusing
       series of designations: {O-54}, O-62, {L-5}, {L-9}, {AT-19},
       and {U-19}.
       Type: L-5
       Function: liaison / observation
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 135kW Lycoming O-435-1
       Speed: 210km/h   Ceiling: 4810m   Range: 805km
       Freight: The L-5B could carry 200lbs.
L-6 Grasshopper, Interstate 
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Insterstate S-1B Cadet, a military liaison/observation development
       of the civil S-1A. The L-6 was a high-wing monoplane with fixed
       landing gear. Military aircraft had a larger 'greenhouse' canopy
       than civilian S-1s. About 600 S-1s were built, of which 250 for
       the military.
       Type: L-6
       Function: laison / observation
       Year: 1940   Crew: 2 Engines: 1 * 75kW Franklin 0-200-5
       Wing Span: 10.9m  Length: 7.13m  Height:   Wing Area: 16.1m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 790kg
       Speed: 183km/h   Ceiling: 4870m  Range: 466km
       Freight:
L-7, Universal
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       All 19 ordered were lend-leased to the Free French. They
       were Universal Monocoupe 90AF cabin monoplanes, and at least
       some were delivered in their normal civilian colors. 
       Type: L-7A
       Function: liaison / observation
       Year:        Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * 75kW Franklin O-200-1
       Speed: 193km/h    Ceiling: 4570m   Range: 930km
       Freight:
L-8, Interstate
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Interstate S-1A Cadet, the civil version of the {L-6}, acquired
       second-hand by the USAAF.
L-9, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1)
       Variation on the {L-5} as trainer, earlier known as {AT-19}. 
L-12 Reliant, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       Designation given to two impressed aircraft. The other Reliants
       of the USAF had the designation U{C-81} or {AT-19}.
L-13, Consolidated Vultee
       (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1)
       Two/three seat observation and liaison monoplane.
       Type: L-13A
       Function: observation / liaison
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Franklin O-425-9
       Speed: 185km/h   Ceiling: 4570m  Range: 1207km
L-14 Army Cruiser, Piper
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-?1)
       The L-14 was a high-wing monoplane, designed during WWII as an
       ambulance aircraft with STOL characteristics. The elongated cockpit
       "greenhouse" could accomodate a stretcher. The order for 850 was
       cancelled at the end of WWII. Only 14 were built. 
       Type: YL-14
       Function: ambulance
       Year: 1945  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Load: 1 stretcher
L-15 Scout, Boeing
       (P-USA-A|AS-UR-HN-P-AI1)
       Of the Boeing model 451 light recce aircraft were only 12 built.
       It was an unusual light aircraft with a high wing, an extensively
       glazed cockpit and a boom carrying the tail surfaces; this offered
       an excellent downward view. It could be dismantled and towed behind
       a jeep, or loaded into a 2 1/2 ton truck. Large "flaperons" gave it
       a low landing speed, and it could also be fitted with floats, skis,
       or Brodie gear to "land" on a suspended cable. The type was
       versatile and well-liked, but the US Army decided not to order it.
       The dozen built were later operated in Alaska. 
       Type: XL-15
       Function: observation
       Year: 1947  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 125hp Lycoming O-290-7
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 1125km
       Armament: 
L-16 Champion, Aeronca
       (P-USA-A-UT-HN-N-AI1)
       Two-seat liaison aircraft. 85hp Continental engine.
L-17 Navion, Ryan
       (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AI1)
       A low-wing liaison aircraft. Originally designed by North American.
       Type: L-17B
       Function: liaison
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 185hp Continental E185
       Speed: 251km/h   Ceiling: 4755m  Range: 800km
       Armament: 3 seats
L-18, Piper
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       The L-18 was the military version of the Piper PA-11 or PA-18
       Super Cub.
       Type: Super Cub
       Function: utility
       Year: 1951  Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * 112 kW Lycoming O-320
       Speed: 208km:h     Ceiling: 5800m   Range: 735km
       Freight:
L-19 Birddog, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1)
       Military version of the Cessna Mountaineer. Renamed {O-1},
       see there.
L-20, de Havilland Canada 
       (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1)
       Later renamed {U-6}. 
L-21, Piper 
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Another version of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub. The L-21 differed from
       the {L-18} only in details and the engine. 
       Type: L-21B
       Function: utility
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * 80kW Lycoming O-235
       Speed: 200km/h     Ceiling: 5800m      Range: 735km
       Freight:
L-23, Beechcraft
       (P-USA-A-UE-LN-N-AIW2)
       The Twin Bonanza, used by the USAF as VIP transport. Also known as
       the {U-8}. The RL-23 was a version of the L-23 with battlefield
       surveillance radars.
       Type: L-23A
       Function: transport
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 260hp Lycoming GO-435-C2
       Speed: 324km/h   Ceiling: 5780m  Range: 1580km
       Load: 6 seats
L-24 Courier, Helio 
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       A Helio H-391B Courier, tested by the US Army. Production
       aircraft were known as {L-28}s.
L-25, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AV-X-R3&HN-T-AR1)
       Renamed {H-35}, then {V-1}.
L-26, Aerocommander 
       (P-USA-A-U|E-HN-N-AIW2)
       Renamed {U-4}.
L-27, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2)
       Renamed {U-3}.
L-28, Helio
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Also known as the {U-10}.
L-39, Bell
       (P-USA-A-X-LS-N-IL1)
       Swept-wing version of the {P-63} Kingcobra, used by the NACA
       to test the low-speed characteristics of these wings. The tail
       was elongated, and the a ventral fin added. First flown in 1946.
       Two were built.
       Type: L-39-1
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1946  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Allison V-1710
       Wing Span: 10.24m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 23.23m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 3940kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
LB-1, Huff-Daland
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1)
       The LB-1 was a single-engined biplane bomber. Ten were built, but
       the USAAC decided that single-engined bombers were too unsafe.
       Type: LB-1
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1923  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 787hp Packard 2A-2540
       Wing Span: 85ft  Length: 62ft  Height: 19ft 3in  Wing Area: 1604ft2
       Empty Weight: 5704lb  Max.Weight: 10346lb
       Speed: 121mph  Ceiling: 14425ft  Range: 940mls
       Armament: 4*mg7.62mm 1500kb
LB-2, Atlantic
       (I-USA-A-B-HN-N-ARU2)
       Atlantic was the American subsidiary of Fokker. The XLB-2 was the
       first USAAC monoplane bomber. It was a high-wing monoplane in
       typical Fokker tradition; the twin engines were suspened beneath
       the wing. The performance of the LB-2 was mediocre, and the
       conservatism of the USAAC worked against a monoplane design.
       Type: XLB-2
       Function: bomber
       Year:  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 410hp P&W R-1340
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight: 5916lb  Max.Weight: 12039lb
       Speed: 116mph  Ceiling: 10925ft  Range: 540mls
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 2050lb
LB-4, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARW2)       
       Design for an all-metal biplane bomber, powered by two P&W R-1690
       engines. Not built.
LB-3, Huff-Daland
       (I-USA-A-B-?-?-?)
       Bomber. 
LB-5, Huff-Daland / Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2)
       Development of the {LB-3}, powered by 420hp Liberty engines.
       36 built. Huff-Daland was later renamed Keystone.
       Type: LB-5
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 420hp Liberty V-1650
       Wing Span: 67ft  Length: 44ft 8in  Height: 16ft 10in  Wing Area: 1138.7ft2
       Empty Weight: 7024lb  Max.Weight: 12155lb
       Speed: 107mph  Ceiling: 8000ft  Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
LB-6, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       The LB-6 was a development of the {LB-5} with new wings and radial
       engines. It had better performance than the LB-5. 18 built.
       Type: LB-6
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright R-1750-1
       Wing Span: 75ft  Length: 43ft 5in  Height: 18ft 1in  Wing Area: 1148ft2
       Empty Weight: 7024lb  Max.Weight: 12155lb
       Speed: 114mph  Ceiling: 11650ft  Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
LB-7, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       The LB-7 was similar to the {LB-6}, except for the P&W R-1690
       engines. 16 built.
       Type: LB-7
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 525hp P&W R-1690-3
       Wing Span: 75ft  Length: 43ft 5in  Height: 18ft 1in  Wing Area: 1148ft2
       Empty Weight: 6556lb  Max.Weight: 12903lb
       Speed: 114mph  Ceiling: 13325ft  Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
LB-8, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       One {LB-7} was completed as the LB-8 with geared P&W R-1860-3
       engines.
       Type: LB-8
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 550hp P&W R-1860-3
       Wing Span: 75ft  Length: 43ft 5in  Height: 18ft 1in  Wing Area: 1148ft2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 13250lb
       Speed: 112mph  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
LB-9, Keystone 
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       One {LB-7} was completed as the LB-9 with geared P&W R-1750 engines.
       Type: LB-9
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright R-1750
       Wing Span: 75ft  Length: 43ft 5in  Height: 18ft 1in  Wing Area: 1148ft2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 13100lb
       Speed: 118mph  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
LB-10, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2)
       Renamed {B-3}, {B-4} or {B-5}.
LB-11, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       One {LB-6} was completed as the single LB-11 with Wright
       R-1750-3 engines.
       Type: LB-11
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929 Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright R-1750-3
       Wing Span: 75ft  Length: 49ft 3in  Height: 15ft 6in  Wing Area: 1148ft2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 13000lb
       Speed: 115mph  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm
LB-12, Keystone 
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       The single LB-12 was converted from an {LB-7} by installing
       P&W R-1860-1 engines.
LB-13, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-N-ARB2)
       Renamed {B-4} and {B-6}, depending on whether they had R-1860-7
       engines or R-1820-1 engines, respectively.
LB-14, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ARB2)
       Renamed {B-5}. The LB-14 had P&W GR-1860 engines. It is uncertain if
       any were built.
LNE, Pratt-Read
       (?-USA-AG-?-?-?-0)
       Glider.
LNP, Piper 
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       Navy equivalent of the T{G-8}. Three XLNP-1s were bought by the USN.
LNS, Schweizer 
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       Navy version of T{G-2}.
LNT, Taylorcraft 
       (S-USA-AG-T-HN-N-0)
       Navy equivalent of the T{G-6}. 38 built. 
LRA, Allied Aviation
       (?-USA-AGS-?-?-?-0)
       Prototype of a seaplane glider for the USMC. 
LRQ, Bristol
       (?-USA-AGS-?-?-?-0)
       Prototype of a seaplane glider for the USMC. 
LRW, Waco
       (S-USA-AG-C-HN-N-0)
       USMC version of the Waco C{G-4}.
LS-1, Loening
       (F-USA-AS-F-HN-N-IL1)
       Twin-float seaplane version of the Loening {M-8}. Of the 54 M-8s
       built for the USN, 6 were completed as LS-1s.
LUSAC-11, Packard-Lepere
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat fighter aircraft, designed for the US Army by the French
       engineer Lepere. The LUSAC-11 was a wooden two-bay biplane. At the
       end of WWI large orders were cancelled, and only 27 were completed.
       The type did set a number of altitude records.
       Type: LUSAC-11
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty
       Wing Span: 12.67m  Length: 7.69m  Height: 3.22m  Wing Area: 38.60m2
       Empty Weight: 1162kg  Max.Weight: 1699kg
       Speed: 136mph  Ceiling:   Range: 515km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
LUSAC-21, Lepere
       This was similar to the {LUSAC-11}, but powered by a 16-cylinder
       Bugatti engine. Three built.
--M---------------------------------------------------------------------------
M-1 Messenger, Sperry
       (I-USA-A-U-B-N-AR1)
       Official designation for the {Messenger}, given in 1924.
M2O, Martin
       (I-USA-A|AS-B-N-IL1)
       Observation biplane. Developed from the {MO}.
       Type: M2O-1
       Function: observation
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Curtiss D-12
       Speed: 177km/h   Ceiling: 4600m  Range:
       Armament:
M.8, Wright-Martin
       (F-USA-A-F-N-N-IL1)
       Monoplane fighter. Two built.
       Type: M.8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Wright-Hispno H
       Max. Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
M-8, Loening
       (F-USA-A-F-HN-N-IL1)
       Two-seat shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. Performance was excellent,
       and 5000 were ordered in 1918. The end of WWI put a halt to the
       production plans, and the two prototypes aside, only 54 were built
       for the US Navy. The served as observation aircraft.
       Type: M-8-0
       Task: observation
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza
       Wing Span: 9.98m  Length: 7.31m  Height: 2.00m  Wing Area: 22.19m2
       Empty Weight: 754kg  Max.Weight: 1074kg
       Max. Speed: 232km/h  Ceiling: 22000ft  Max. Range:
       Armament: 2*mg
M-21, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-R-LD-N-JW2)
       A version of the A-11 / A-12 (the precursor of the S{R-71}),
       modified to carry the D-21 high-speed drone in a piggy-back
       arrangment. The system was abandoned after an accident. 
Martin 146
       (I-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       This was an enlarged development of the Martin 139, better known
       as the {B-10}. It flew in 1935. The USAAC preferred the Douglas
       {B-18}, and the 146 remained a prototype.
MAT, Sperry
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-AR1)
       Messenger Aerial Torpedo. The unmanned version of the Sperry
       {Messenger}. 
M.B.1, Thomas-Morse
       (F-USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1)
       Two-seat, parasol monoplane fighter. The M.B.1 was of wooden
       construction, with some metal parts. Attempts to reduce the
       structural weight as much as possible resulted in structural
       weakness. The first flight was also the last; it ended in a crash. 
       Two built. 
       Type: M.B.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 11.28m  Length: 6.70m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1077kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
MB-1, Martin 
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-ILB2)
       See {GMB}.
M.B.2, Thomas-Morse
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat biplane fighter, of wooden construction and covered with 
       fabric. The performance did not encourage further development, and 
       the M.B.2 was abandoned. 
       Type: M.B.2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 9.45m  Length: 7.31m  Height: 2.43m  Wing Area: 30.00m2
       Empty Weight: 929kg  Max.Weight: 1258kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm
MB-2, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILW2)
       See {NBS-1}.
M.B.3, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       The M.B.3 was a compact two-bay biplane fighter. It had a good
       performance, and 261 were built by Thomas-Morse and Boeing. The
       M.B.3 was used by both the US Army and the Marine Corps. 
       Type: M.B.3A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 320hp Wright-Hispano H-3
       Wing Span: 7.92m  Length: 6.10m  Height: 2.59m  Wing Area: 21.32m2
       Empty Weight: 778kg  Max.Weight: 1152kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.25hrs
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
M.B.9, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1)
       All-metal parasol monoplane fighter, with corrugated metal skinning.
       The wing was of unusual cranked construction, with sweepback on
       the centre section, presumably to improve pilot view. The M.B.9
       was abandoned because of excessive vibration. 
       Type: M.B.9
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 320hp Hispano-Suiza H-3
       Wing Span: 8.84m  Length: 5.79m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 274km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
M.B.10, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-T-PN-N-?)
       Two-seat monoplane trainer, of similar configuration as the {M.B.9}. 
       Abandoned.
M-Defense, Standard
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Lightweight point interceptor, a wooden biplane. The performance
       of the M-Defense was not adequate. However, it was the basis for
       the {E-1} trainer.
       Type: M-Defense
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 7.31m  Length: 5.74m  Height: 2.46m  Wing Area: 14.17m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 522kg
       Speed: 156km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1.8hrs
       Armament: 
Messenger, Sperry
       (I-USA-A-U-B-N-AR1)
       Unarmed single-seat biplane, intended for use as liaison
       aircraft. 42 were built. Some were used for development
       work, including eight unmanned, radio-controlled 'aerial
       torpedoes'. 
       Type: Messenger
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 60hp Lawrence L-4
       Wing Span: 6.10m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 156km/h  Ceiling:    Range: 170mls
       Armament:
MF, Martin / Curtiss
       (I-USA-AF-T-?-?-IL1)
       Training flying boat.
       Type: MF
       Function: training
       Year: 1919  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 75kW Curtiss OXX
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range: 325mls
       Armament:
MiG-29, Mikoyan
       (M-USSR-A-F-HS-N-J2)
       In November 1997 the USA bought 21 {MiG-29} fighters from the
       Republic of Moldova, partly to prevent their sale to Iran. It
       is expected that after technical evaluation, they will equip
       an 'agressor' unit. 
MO, Martin
       (I-USA-A-R-HN-N-IL1)
       Observation monoplane. The MO-1 was powered by a Curtiss D-12. 36
       were built. The USN preferred the Vought {UO}, which was light
       enough to be catapult-launched. 1923.
MS, Martin
       (I-USA-AS-R-?-?-?)
       Small spotting aircraft for submarines. The hangar for the MS was
       to be built in the submarines conning tower.
       Type: MS-1
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 *
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
MT, Martin
       (F-USA-A-A-B-N-ILB2)
       Torpedo bomber development of {MB}.
--N---------------------------------------------------------------------------
N-1, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (?-USA-AS-?-?-?-?)
       Floatplane. The configuration was unusual, with three large floats
       close together.
N2B, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Trainer, 1928. Two XN2B-1 prototypes were built.
N2C Fledgling, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane trainer.
       Type: N2C-2
       Task: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 240hp Wright R-760
       Max. Speed: 186km/h  Ceiling: 5430m  Max. Range: 480km
       Armament:
N2S, Boeing-Stearman
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Another version of the {NS} and {PT-13} series.
N2T Tutor, Timm
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Two-seat training monoplane, built from bonded plywood.
       The USN bought 262.
       Type: N2T-1
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 220hp Continental R-670-4
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 7.57m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1236kg
       Speed: 232km/h   Ceiling: 4880m  Range: 640km
N2Y, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?)
       Trainer biplane. Equipped to train hook-ons to airships for the
       {F9C} pilots.
N3N, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (S-USA-A|AS-T-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane trainer, the last biplane in service with the US armed
       forces --- until 1961. The N3N was of metal construction covered
       with fabric, and had either wheeled or single-float seaplane
       landing gear. 996 were built.
       Type: N3N-3
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 235hp NAF R-760-2
       Wing Span: 10.36m  Length: 7.77m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 28.33m2
       Empty Weight: 948kg  Max.Weight: 1266kg
       Speed: 203km/h  Ceiling: 4635m  Range:756km
N4Y, Consolidated
       (?-USA-A-T-B-?-?)
       Two-seat biplane trainer.
N5N, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (?-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Primary trainer.
N-9, Curtiss
       (F-USA-AS-T-B-N-IL1)
       Basically a {JN} on floats for the USN. The wing was enlarged
       to support the additional weight.
N-9M, Norhrop
       (S-USA-A-X-S-F-AI2)
       Experimental flying wing aircraft. The N-9M series lead to the
       development of the {B-35} bomber, of which they were reduced-
       scale aerodynamic prototypes. The four N-9Ms differed in
       construction, but they were all powered by two pusher engines,
       installed in the wing leading edge and driving the propellers
       through extension shafts. Recently, one was restored to flying
       condition. 
       Type: N-9MB (fourth and last)
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 300hp Franklin XO-540-7
       Wing Span: 18.25m  Length: 5.8m  Height:   Wing Area: 45m2
       Empty Weight: 3262kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
NA-50, North American
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The NA-50 was a single-seat fighter derivative of the NA-16
       trainer, ancestor of the famous {AT-6} Texan. Seven were built
       for Peru. They saw combat in its 1941 war with Ecuador.
       Type: NA-50
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 870hp Wright R-1820-77
       Wing Span: 11.35m  Length: 8.21m  Height: 2.67m  Wing Area: 21.93m2
       Empty Weight: 2028kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 475km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1035km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 249kg
NB, Boeing
       (I-USA-A|AS-T-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane primary trainer. The first NB-1s were too easy to fly;
       some experimentation was required to get the desired flying
       characteristics. About 70 were built.
       Type: NB-1
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1924  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 149kW Lawrance J-1
       Wing Span: 11.23m  Length: 8.76m  Height: 3.56m  Wing Area: 31.96m2
       Empty Weight: 969kg  Max.Weight: 1287kg
       Max. Speed: 160km/h  Ceiling: 3110m  Max. Range: 483km
       Armament: 0-1*mg7.62mm
NBL-1 'Barling Bomber', Witteman Lewis
       (I-USA-A-B-T-N-ILDB4&ILB2)
       At 42570lbs and with a span of 36.60m, the six-engined triplane
       XNBL-1 was a giant for its time, but underpowered, slow, and
       short on range. Mitchell was one of the few supporters of the
       NBL-1. He should have known better.
       Type: XNBL-1
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1923  Crew: 6  Engines: 6 * 420hp Liberty 12A
       Wing Span: 120ft  Length: 65ft  Height: 27ft  Wing Area: 4200ft2
       Empty Weight: 27703lb  Max.Weight: 42569lb
       Speed: 130km/h   Ceiling: 7000ft  Range: 275km
       Armament: 7*mg7.62mm 5000lbs
NBL-2, Martin
       (I-USA-A-B-N-N-?2)
       The XNBL-2 design was a proposal for a four-seat monoplane bomber,
       powered by two 700hp W-2279 engines. It was never built.
NBS-1, Martin 
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-ILW2)
       The NBS-1 (Martin MB-2) was a development of the {GMB} (Martin MB-1).
       It was designed as a night bomber, sacrifying the high performance
       of the GMB for a larger bomb load.  The NBS-1 is best known because
       of its use in the sinking of the battleship 'Ostfriesland' in a
       demonstration of aerial bombardment, in 1921. 120 were built. Many
       NBS-1s were built by L.W.F, Curtiss or Aeromarine.
       Type: NBS-1
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1920  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 420hp Liberty 12
       Speed: 99mph  Ceiling: 8500ft  Range: 558mls
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 2000lb
NBS-2, L.W.F.
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-?2)
       Design for a twin-engined biplane bomber, to replace the {NBS-1}.
       Never built.
NBS-3, Elias 
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL2)
       Twin-engined bomber, designed to replace the {NBS-1}. The NBS-3
       was of a similar biplane configuration as the NBS-1, and also
       powered by Liberty 12 engines. Its performance was not better
       than that of the NBS-1, and only one was built.
       Type: XNBS-3
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1924  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 425hp Liberty 12A
       Speed: 101mph  Ceiling: 8680ft  Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.62mm 1692lb
NBS-4, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-B-B-N-IL2)
       The NBS-4 was another attempt to replace the {NBS-1}. It was
       also a biplane powered by two Liberty 12 engines, but it
       had a fuselage built of steel tube instead of wood. Two
       were built.
       Type: XNBS-4
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1924  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 435hp Liberty 12A
       Speed: 100mph  Ceiling: 11100ft  Range:
       Armament: 7*mg7.62mm 2100lb
NC, Navy-Curtiss
       (F-USA-AF-P-B-N-?)
       The NC was a big biplane flying boat with a short fuselage; the
       tail was carried on a tubular structure. One NC-4 was the first
       aircraft to cross the Atlantic, with a stop in the Azores. Ten
       NC's were built. Some had three engines, others four.
       Type: NC.4
       Function: patrol
       Year: 1919  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 420hp Liberty 12
       Speed: 90mph  Ceiling:   Range: 2720km
       Armament:
NE, Piper 
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       Navy version of the {L-4} Grasshopper. 230 NE-1s and 20 NE-2s
       were bought. 
NF, Seversky
       (I-USA-AC-F-LN-N-AR1)
       See {FN}. 
NH, Howard
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AR1)
       Trainer version of the {GH} Nightingale. It as used as navigation
       and instrument flying trainer, with a pilot, and instructor, and
       two students. 
NK Pup, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Two-seat trainer. 1930.
NP, Spartan
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Primary Trainer biplane. 201 built.
       Type: NP-1
       Function: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 168kW Lycoming R-680-8 engine.
       Speed: 175km/h   Ceiling: 4025m  Range: 505km
       Armament:
NQ, Fairchild 
       (?-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Navy version of {T-31}.
NR, Ryan 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       USN version of the {PT-22}.
NS Kaydet, Stearman 
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Trainer, naval version of the {PT-13}, with an 225hp Wright
       Whirlwind.
NW, Navy-Wright
       (I-USA-A-*-?-?-?1)
       Racing aircraft. Withdrawn from 1923 Schneider Trophy contest.
       Type: NW-2
       Task: racing
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 650hp Wright T-3 Tornado
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
NY, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Two-seat trainer of the 1920's.
       Type: NY-2
       Task: trainer
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines:
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
--O---------------------------------------------------------------------------
O-1 Bird Dog, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1)
       Liaison monoplane, the Cessna model 305. At first known as the
       {L-19}, the O-1 was intended to replace the {L-4} and {L-5} of
       WWII vintage. It was a small high-wing type of all metal
       construction. Deliveries began in 1950. The O-1 was also used
       as FAC aircraft in Vietnam, and as trainer. It was exported on
       a large scale, and license-built in Japan by Fuji. 3400 were
       built, and they served for 20 years. 
       Type: O-1E
       Task: liaison
       Year: 1956 Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 213hp Continental O-470-11
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 7.85m  Height: 2.22m  Wing Area: 16.16m2
       Empty Weight: 732kg  Max.Weight: 1089kh
       Max. Speed: 209km/h  Ceiling: 5640m  Max. Range: 848km
O-1 Falcon, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       This two-seat biplane was ordered in small numbers, because the
       {O-2} was preferred.
       Type: O-1E
       Task: observation
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 324kW Curtiss V-1150-5
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 8.28m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 32.79m2
       Empty Weight: 1325kg  Max.Weight: 1972kg
       Max. Speed: 227km/h  Ceiling: 4665m  Max. Range: 1014km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
O-2, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-REA-HN-T-AI1&AIP1)
       Twin boom push/pull aircraft, the Cessna 337 Super Skymaster.
       It was ordered by the USAF as a stop-gap after delivery of the the
       {OV-10} Bronco was delayed. The O-2A is used as FAC, the O-2B as
       psy-war aircraft. Production for the USAF was 544; total
       production, including those licence-built in France, was 2832. 
       Type: O-2A
       Task: observation
       Year: 1961  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 155kW Continental TSIO-360-A
       Max. Speed: 370km/h  Ceiling: 8930m  Max. Range: 2500km
       Load: 2 seats
O-2, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Observation biplane. The O-2 replaced the faithful but aging
       DH.4 in 1925. It owed much the the Douglas {DWC} World Cruiser.
       Type: O-2
       Task: observation
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty
       Max. Speed: 140mph  Ceiling: 17000ft  Max. Range:
       Armament:
O2C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-AR-B-N-AR1)
       Observation aircraft and dive-bomber developed from the {OC} and
       {F8C} series. The O2C designation was used for what had been the
       F8C-4 and XF8C-7. 1929.
O2L, Loening
       (S-USA-AS-U-B-N-AR1)
       Utility amphibian. See {JF} and {J2F}. 
O2U Corsair, Vought
       (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1)
       Two seat observation biplane, the first USN aircraft called
       'Corsair'. The O2U could be fitted with floats; later some
       were converted with Grumman-designed amhipbious floats. A
       later development was known as {O3U}.
       Type: O2U-1
       Task: observation
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-1340-88
       Max. Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 5700m  Max. Range: 980km
       Armament: 2 * mg7.62m
O-3, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-R-LN-N-AI1)
       The YO-3A was a motorized glider, designed to be very silent, with a
       slow-turning propeller. It was intended as a low-observable
       observation aircraft. Six were built.
       Type: YO-3A
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1971  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 155kW Continental
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O3C, Curtiss 
       (S-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1)
       Renamed {SOC}, see there. 
O3U Corsair, Vought 
       (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1)
       Development of {O2U}, basically identical to the O2U-4. Compared
       with the O2U, this model had a lower wing with increased sweepback
       dihedral, and span. The O2U and O3U had fuselages of welded steel
       tube, and wooden wings. Later the O3Us were renamed {SU}. 
       Type: SU-4
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 447kW P&W R-1690-42
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.37m  Height: 3.45m  Wing Area: 31.31m2
       Empty Weight: 1502kg  Max.Weight: 2161kg
       Speed: 269km/h  Ceiling: 5670m  Range: 1094km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
O-6, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Observation biplane. 
       Type: O-6B
       Function:  observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W Wasp
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
O-10, Loening
       (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-IL1)
       Amphibian. A biplane with the familiar Loening design: The central
       float was faired into the fuselage, and also housed the retactable
       mainwheel. 500hp Wright Typhoon engine.
O-11, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Version of the {O-1} with 400hp Liberty engine for the Air
       National Guards.
O-12, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Modified {O-1}.
O-13, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       The O-13's were {O-1}'s modified with Curtiss V-1570 engines. They
       took part in air races. Seven built.
       Type: O-13C
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Curtiss V-1570
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-14, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       A small biplane, in fact a smaller version of the {O-2}. One built.
       Type: XO-14
       Task: observation
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 225hp Wright R-790-5
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-15, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Small biplane, competing design with the {O-14}.
       Type: XO-15
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 225hp Wright R-790-5
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-16, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       A {O-11} with an Curtiss Conqueror engine.
       Type: XO-16
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-9
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-17, Consolidated 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Modified {PT-3} primary trainer. 27 built.
       Type: O-17
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 225hp Wright R-790-1
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-18, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AI1)
       One {O-1} was modified to test the 600hp Curtiss H-1640-1
       engine. The engine proved to be a failure.
O-19, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Observation biplane. Several hundred built.
       Type: O-19E
       Task: observation
       Year: 1930  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W Wasp
       Max. Speed: 252km/h  Ceiling: 6405m  Max. Range: 480km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
O-20, Thomas-Morse 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       One {O-19} with an 525hp P&W R-1690-1 Hornet engine.
O-21, Thomas-Morse 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1|AI1)
       One {O-19} with an 600hp Curtiss H-1640-1, and another with
       an 525hp Wright R-1750-1 Cyclone.
O-22, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-AR1)
       Two built.
       Type: O-22
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 500hp P&W R-1340-9
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-23, Thomas-Morse 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Development of the {O-19} with a 600hp Curtiss V-1570-1 engine.
       Cancelled.
O-24, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-AR1)
       Cancelled. P&W R-1340-7 engine.
O-25, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Another observation biplane. 37 were built. Possibly a modification
       of the {O-2}.
       Type: O-25A
       Task: observation
       Year: 1930  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-7
       Max. Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling: 6765m  Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-26, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       One {O-1}E with a Curtiss V-1570-11 engine.
       Type: Y1O-26
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Curtiss V-1570-11
       Max. Speed: 259km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-27, General Aviation
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-IL2)       
       First monoplane and first twin-engined aircraft in the O-series.
       Later modified into the {B-8} bomber. 14 built.
       Type: XO-27
       Task: observation
       Year: 1931  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-9
       Max. Speed: (YO-27:188km/h)  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-28, Vought
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Army version of the {O2U}. One O2U-3 with an 450hp P&W R-1340-C
       engine was delivered.
O-29, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Two of the old {O-2}s. The first was reengined with the Wright
       R-1750-1 and later with the R-1820-1. The second had an P&W
       R-1340-3 and became the {O-32}.
O-30, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-?N-N-IL1)
       Not built. Monoplane with one Curtiss V-1570-9 engine.
O-31, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-HN-N-IL1)
       The sleek O-31, a gull-wing monoplane, had development problems.
       Eight built. Developed into the {O-43}.
       Type: YO-31A
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-33
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-32, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       The second {O-29} was renamed O-32. Later 30 O-32's were built.
O-33, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Developed from {O-19}. One.
       Type: O-33
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-11
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-34, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-IL1)
       One {O-22} with an Curtiss V-1570-11 engine.
O-35, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R|C-PN-N-ILU2)
       Twin-engined parasol-wing aircraft. Six built. The five pre-series
       models carrier airmail for a period.
       Type: O-35
       Task: observation
       Year: 1932  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-33
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-36, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R|C-PN-N-ILU2)
       Project closely related to the {O-35}, but built as the {B-7}
       bomber. It was powered by a different version of the V-1570,
       with three-bladed propellers instead of two-bladed.
O-37, Keystone
       (I-USA-A-R-?-?-?)
       Never built.
O-38, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-AR1)
       Basically an {O-25} reengined with an P&W R-1690 Hornet engine.
       46 built.
       Type: O-38E
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 625hp P&W R-1690-13
       Max. Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 6315m  Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-39, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Comparable to the {O-16}, with a Curtiss V-1570 engine.
       Ten built.
       Type: O-39
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-25
       Max. Speed: 275km/h  Ceiling: 6375m  Max. Range: 1170km
       Armament: 2*mg
O-40 Raven, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-R-B|PN-N-AR1)
       All-metal sesquiplane (YO-40 and YO-40A) or parasol monoplane
       (Y1O-40B). Five built.
       Type: Y1O-40B
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * Wright R-1820
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-41, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       The single Y1O-41 was a derivative of the {O-33} with
       sesquiplane wings and a 600hp Curtiss V-1570-29 engine.
O-42, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-?)
       Never built. Parasol monoplane.
O-43, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-IL1)
       Production Development of the {O-31}. Parasol wing.
       Five renamed YO-31C's and 24 production machines.
       Type: O-43A
       Task: observation
       Year: 1933  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 495kW Curtiss V-1570-59
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
O-44, Douglas
       (I-USA-AF-*-HN-N-ARO2)
       Renamed {OA-5}.
O-45, Martin
       (I-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW2)
       One {B-10} bomber was modified temporarly to an O-45 with two
       R-1820-17 engines.
O-46, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {O-43}.
       Type: O-46A
       Task: observation
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 530kW P&W R-1535-7
       Max. Speed: 322km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament: 2 * mg7.62mm
O-47, North American
       (S-USA-A-RT-MN-N-AR1)
       The O-47 was a mid-wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage,
       very different from all its precursors in the O-series. There was
       a post for the observer in the lower fuselage; this gave the O-47
       a 'pregnant' look. It was fairly successful, with over 200 built.
       During WWII they were used mainly as trainers and target tugs.
       Type: O-47A
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 720kW Wright R-1820-49
       Wing Span: 14.1m  Length: 10.01m  Height: 3.6m  Wing Area: 32.38m2
       Empty Weight: 2737kg  Max.Weight: 3770kg
       Max. Speed: 356km/h  Ceiling: 7070m  Max. Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
O-48, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-R-PN-N-AR1)
       Not built. Would have been a {O-46} with an Wright R-1670-3 engine.
O-49, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       Renamed {L-1}, see there.
O-50, Bellanca
       (?-USA-A-R-HN-N-AI1)
       High-wing STOL monoplane. Three built.
       Type: YO-50
       Function: liaison
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 420hp Ranger V-770-1
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
O-51 Dragonfly, Ryan
       (S-USA-A-R-PN-N-AR1)
       Parasol-wing STOL monoplane. Three built.
       Type: YO-51
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 440hp P&W R-985-21
       Wing Span: 15.85m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
O-52 Owl, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-RT-HN-N-AR1)
       Two-seat, high-wing monoplane, designed as a fast observation
       aircraft, able of operating from rough airfields. The wheels
       retracted in the forward fuselage, in the {BF2C} style. There
       was no operational need for the O-52, and all were used as
       trainers. 203 were built.
       Type: O-52
       Task: observation
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 440kW P&W R-1340-51
       Wing Span: 12.4m  Length:   Height: 3.03m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1782kg  Max.Weight: 2394kg
       Max. Speed: 338km/h  Ceiling: 5940m  Max. Range: 1126km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
O-53 Havoc, Douglas 
       (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-ARW2)
       Version of the {A-20} light bomber with photographic equipment
       in the bomb bay. Cancelled.
O-54, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-R-HN-N-AI1)
       High-wing monoplane. Six were bought for evaluation. The USAAF
       then decided to buy a large number of slightly heavier {O-62}s. 
       Type: YO-54
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 60kW Continental O-170-1
       Max. Speed: 145km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament: 2 * 45kg depth charges
O-55, Erco
       (S-USA-A-R-LN-N-?1)
       Two-seat, low-wing monoplane.
       Type: YO-55
       Task: observation
       Year: 1945  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 65hp Continental A65
       Max. Speed: 187km/h  Ceiling: 3955m  Max. Range: 840km
       Armament:
O-56, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       USAAF version of the {PV} Ventura. Renamed {B-37}.
O-57, Taylorcraft
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Renamed {L-2} in 1942.
O-58, Aeronca
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       Also known as {L-3}.
O-59, Piper 
       (S-USA-A-TU-HN-N-AI1)
       Renamed {L-4}.
O-60, Kellett
       (S-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1)
       Autogiro, a more refined version of Kellett's earlier products,
       with an enclosed cockpit and a jump-start possibility. Seven
       built.
       Type: YO-60
       Function: observation
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Jacobs R-915-3
       Rotor Span: 43ft 2in  Length:   Height: 10ft 3in  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2640lb
       Speed: 125mph  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
O-61, AGA Aviation
       (S-USA-R-R-R?-?-?)
       Autogiro. Cancelled.
O-62, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1)
       Stinson 105 high-wing monoplane, a heavier development of the
       {O-54}. See {L-5}.
O-63, Interstate
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Also known as {L-6}.
O-932, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-IL1)
       Also known as the {O-41}.
OA-1, Loening
       (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1|IL1)
       Army version of the {OL}.
OA-5, Douglas
       (I-USA-AF-*-HN-N-ARO2)
       Former {B-11} and {O-44}. The single YOA-5 was a twin-engined
       amphibian, that set a distance record in its category of 1662km.
       Type: YO-5
       Task: observation amphibian
       Year: 1945  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 930hp Wright YR-1820-45
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
OA-8, Sikorsky
       (I-USA-AF-C-PN-N-ARW2)
       Army version of the {JRS}.
OA-9, Grumman
       (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       Army version of the {JRF}.
OA-10, Convair
       (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       USAAF version of the {PBY} Catalina.
OA-11, Sikorsky
       (I-USA-AF-C-PN-N-ARW2)
       Also known as the {JRS}.
OA-13, Grumman 
       (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       Also known as the {JRF}. A version of the {OA-9} with another
       engine.
OA-14, Grumman
       (S-USA-AF-U-HN-N-AIW2)
       Version of the {J4F} Widgeon for the USAF. 11 aircraft originally
       intended for Portugal, and four fomrer civil aircraft. 
OC, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-FAR-B-N-AR1)
       Designation applied to the {F8C} fighter-bomber after 1928.
OE, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-UR-HN-N-AI1)
       Two-seat monoplane. 197kW Continental O-470-2. 1955. 28 built.
       Renamed {O-1}B.
OF Mohawk, Grumman 
       (P-USA-A-AR-MN-N-TW2)
       Renamed O{V-1}.
OJ, Berliner/Joyce
       (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat observation biplane, with fixed landing gear and open
       cockpits. 40 built, and used as reconaissance aircraft for light
       cruisers from 1933 to 1935.
       Type: OJ-2
       Function: observation floatplane
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W wasp Junior
       Wing Span: 10.26m  Length: 7.82m  Height:   Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max Weight: 1646kg
       Speed: 248km/h   Ceiling: 4660m  Range: 854km
       Armament: 2*mg, 500lb
OL Spoonbill, Loening/Keystone
       (I-USA-AS-R-B-N-AR1|IL1)
       Observation floatplane. The space between the fuselage and the
       central float was faired in, as was continued on the Grumman
       {J2F} series, and was used for the radiator in versions with
       liquid-cooled engines.
       Type: OL-9
       Function: observation
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 425hp P&W Wasp
       Speed: 198km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 1040km
       Armament:
OP, Pitcairn
       (?-USA-R-?-R?-?-?)
       Version of the Pitcairn PA34 autogiro. The USN evaluated one
       XOP-2, but decided against ordering more.
OS2N Kingfisher, Vought/NAF 
       (S-USA-A|AS-R-LN-N-AR1)
       Naval Aircraft Factory version of the {OS2U}.
OS2U Kingfisher, Vought
       (S-USA-A|AS-R-LN-N-AR1)
       Catapult-launched, observation floatplane. The OS2U was a neat,
       compact mid-wing monoplane, with a big central float and small
       stabilising floats. Performance was modest, because of its light
       engine. The OS2U could also operate on fixed, wheeled landing
       gear. For the USN, the OS2U was with 1519 built the most used
       shipboard observation aircraft, and the most popular one of WWII
       --- although that doesn't mean that much, the competition
       including failed aircraft such as the {SO3C} and {SC}. The OS2U
       not only served on the battleships and cruisers of the USN, but
       also with the Royal Navy and the USCG. 
       Type: OS2U-3
       Task: observation
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-2
       Wing Span: 10.69m  Length: 10.08m  Height: 4.6m  Wing Area: 24.3m2
       Empty Weight: 1870kg  Max.Weight: 2721kg
       Max. Speed: 264km/h  Ceiling: 3960m  Max. Range: 1860km
       Armament: 2 * mg7.62mm 295kg b.
OSE, Edo
       (?-USA-AS-R-?-?-AI1)
       Floatplane. One built.
       Type: XOSE-1
       Task: observation
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 500hp Ranger V-770
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
OY, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1)
       Navy versions of the {L-5} and {L-9}.
OZ, Wilford
       (?-USA-RS-R-R?-?-?)
       Autogiro seaplane.
--P---------------------------------------------------------------------------
P-1 Hawk, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       A development of the {PW-8}, first known as the XPW-8B. The P-1 was
       of mixed construction, with wooden wings and a steel-tube fuselage.
       From the P-1 were developed the {P-2} fighter, and also the {AT-4}
       and {AT-5} trainers. Over 115 built. 
       Type: P-1B
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330kW Curtiss V-1150-3
       Wing Span: 9.63m  Length: 6.91m  Height: 2.72m  Wing Area: 23.23m2
       Empty Weight: 955kg  Max.Weight: 1330kg
       Max. Speed: 257km/h  Ceiling: 6900 m  Max. Range: 966km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
P-2, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Derivative of the Curtiss {P-1} Hawk, powered by the 510hp
       Curtiss V-1400 engine. Five were built. One was fitted with
       a turbosuperchargers, three were converted back to {P-1}s, and
       one became the prototype {P-6} when fitted with the V-1570 engine. 
       Type: P-2
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 510hp Curtiss V-1400
       Wing Span: 9.63m  Length: 6.96m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 23.23m2
       Empty Weight: 944kg  Max.Weight: 1301kg
       Speed: 276km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 
       Armament: 
P-2 Neptune, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-P-MN-N-ARW2|ARW2&JU2|TW2)
       Designed before WWII ended, the Neptune became the most famous 
       post-war sea recce and ASW aircraft. The original design had two 
       radial engines, but later small jets were added, and a Japanese 
       development has turboprop engines. The USN naval reserve abandoned 
       its last Neptunes in 1978; some are still in service in Japan. The 
       P-2 was not very fast, nor was it agile, but it could fly very long 
       distances. The US Navy used it for some time as nuclear strike 
       aircraft, and even operated the P2V-3C Neptune from carriers, with
       the limitation that they could not land on the carrier again. Japan
       retired the P-2J in 1995.
       Type: P-2H
       Function: ASW / reconaissance
       Year: 1947  Crew: 10  Engines: 2 * 2609kW Wright R-3350-32W
                                      2 * 3400lb Westinghouse J34-WE-34
       Wing Span: 31.65m  Length: 27.94m  Height: 8.94m  Wing Area: 92.9m2
       Empty Weight: 22650kg  Max. Weight: 36240kg
       Speed: 555km/h   Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 3540km
       Armament: 5440kg
P2B, Boeing
       (S-USA-A-X-MN-N-ARW4)
       Four Boeing {B-29}s in Navy service as test aircraft.
P2D, Douglas
       (I-USA-A|AS-P-B-N-ARW2)      
       Development of the {T2D}. Biplane patrol aircraft, on wheels
       or floats.
       Type: P2D
       Year: 1932  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright Cyclone
       Speed: 216km/h   Ceiling: 3665m  Range:
       Armament:
P2M, Martin
       (?-USA-AF-P-?-?-?)
       Flying boat.
P2V, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-P-MN-N-ARW2|ARW2&JU2|TW2)
       Renamed {P-2}.
P2Y, Consolidated
       (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2|ARW2)
       Development of the {PY}. Sesquiplane flying boat. The P2Y-3
       had the engines moved from between the wings to the upper
       wing.
       Type: P2Y-3
       Function: patrol
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 2 * Wright R-1820-90
       Max. Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling: 5040m  Max. Range: 4270km
       Armament:
P-3, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       The Curtiss P-3s were derivatives of the {P-1} with air-cooled
       radial engines. The original Curtiss R-1454 was a failure, and
       was replaced with the Pratt & Whitney R-1340. Six were built,
       mainly used for experimental work. 
       Type: P-3A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 410hp P&W R-1340-3
       Wing Span: 9.63m  Length: 6.83m  Height: 2.67m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 887km/h  Max.Weight: 1265kg
       Speed: 246km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
P-3 Orion, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-P|E-LN-N-TW4)
       Turboprop-engined sea reconnaissance and ASW aircraft, a
       development of the L.188 Electra transport. The Orion is the
       current ASW aircraft of the US Navy; attempts to replace it
       were abandoned. A downgraded version was sold to Iran.
       Canada purchased a version with the avionics developed for
       the {S-3} Viking, known as 'Aurora'. Four AEW versions of the
       P-3 with rotating dorsal radomes are in service with the US
       Customs Service. Another AEW version of the P-3, known as the
       EP-3E Aries, has canoe fairings under and above the fuselage. 
       Type: P-3C
       Function: ASW / reconaissance
       Year: 1969  Crew: 12  Engines: 4 * 3660kW Allison T56-A-14
       Wing Span: 30.38m  Length: 35.61m  Height: 10.27m  Wing Area: 120.77m2
       Empty Weight: 27982kg  Max.Weight: 64410kg
       Speed: 760km/h Ceiling: 8600m  Range: 7700km
       Armament: 9070kg
P3D, Douglas
       (I-USA-AF-P-?-?-?)
       Maritime patrol aircraft, competing with the Consolidated {P3Y},
       that entered production as the {PBY}. The P3D was a good
       aircraft, but more expensive than the P3Y.
P3M, Martin
       (I-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARU2)
       Twin-engined, parasol-wing flying boat. A fairly elegant design,
       but for the large number of struts. 
       Type: P3M-1
       Function: patrol
       Year:   Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 425hp P&W Wasp
       Wing Span: 30.5m  Length: 18.8m  Height: 5m  Wing Area: 103.5m2
       Empty Weight: 4168kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 180km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 1600km
P3V Orion, Lockheed 
       Renamed {P-3}.
P3Y, Consolidated
       (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       This flying boat was renamed {PBY} Catalina when it entered
       production.
P-4, Boeing 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Derivative of the {PW-9} with Packard 1A-1500 turbocharged
       engine, new wings, and a four-bladed propeller. Only one
       was built, and had disappointing performance.
       Type: XP-4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 510hp Packard 1A-1500
       Empty Weight: 2711lb  Max.Weight: 3603lb
       Speed: 161mph  Ceiling: 22000ft  Range: 375mls
       Armament: 4*mg7.62mm
P4M Mercator, Martin
       (P-USA-A-P|E-MN-N-ARW2|JW2)
       A less successful competitor for the {P-2} Neptune. A small number
       was built and used as ELINT aircraft. Flying along the borders of
       the USSR during the Cold War wasn't very safe: Several P4M's were
       shot at. 21 built.
       Type: P4M-1Q
       Function: ELINT
       Year: 1949  Crew: 14 Engines: 2 * 2424kW P&W R-4360-20A
                                     2 * 1800kg Allison J33-A-10A
       Wing Span: 34.75m  Length: 25.60m  Height: 7.95m  Wing Area: 121.79m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 40088kg
       Speed: 675km/h Ceiling: 7700m  Range: 4570km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm 2722kg
P4Y, Consolidated
       (S-USA-AF-P-?-?-?2)
       (S-USA-A-PB-HN-N-ARW4)
       The original P4Y Corregidor was a large twin-engined flying boat.
       The wing and tail design were later used for the {B-24}. A version
       of the B-24 for the US Navy, the {PB4Y}, was renamed P4Y after
       the war. 
P-5 Superhawk, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Curtiss {P-1} Hawk derivative with a turbocharged 435hp Curtiss
       V-1150-4 engine. The P-5 had good high-altitude performance,
       but the USAAC decided to wait for the Curtiss Conqueror engine.
       Five built.
       Type: P-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 435hp V-1150-4
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.21m  Height: 2.82m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1143kg  Max.Weight: 1519kg
       Speed: 278km/h  Ceiling: 31900ft  Range: 1.3hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
P-5 Marlin, Martin
       (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARW2)
       ASW flying boat. The P-5, former P5M, was the last flying boat of
       the US Navy. The P-5 was a development of the {PBM} Mariner, with
       a new, longer hull. The P5M-2 version had a T-tail. Typical
       features of the P5M were the bulbous radar nose and raised cockpit
       deck. The P5M was used for ASW missions by the US Navy, and briefly
       by the USCG as SAR aircraft. During the Vietnam war the P-5s flew
       coast patrols. The only other user was France, which operated
       ten P5Ms. 284 built.
       Type: P5M-2
       Function: ASW / reconnaissance
       Year: 1948  Crew: 8  Engines:  2 * 2575kW Wright R-3350-32WA
       Wing Span: 36.02m  Length: 30.66m  Height: 9.97m  Wing Area: 130.62m2
       Empty Weight: 22900kg  Max.Weight: 38555kg
       Speed: 404km/h  Ceiling: 7315m  Range: 3300km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 3630kg
P5M, Martin 
       (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARW2)
       Renamed {P-5}.
P5Y Tradewind, Convair
       (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-TW4)
       Big flying boat, powered by four powerful but unreliable Allison
       T40 turboprop engines. It did not enter service in this form, but
       was converted to the {R3Y} transport aircraft.
       Type: XP5Y-1
       Function: patrol
       Year: 1950  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 3805kW Allison XT40-A-4
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 3628kg
P-6 Hawk, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Another member of the Curtiss {P-1} Hawk family. The D-12 (V-1150)
       engine was replaced by the larger and more powerful V-1750 Conqueror.
       50 built, all but four were P-6E's.
       Type: P-6E
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 440kW Curtiss V-1750-23 Conqueror C
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.67m  Height: 2.69m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1224kg  Max.Weight: 1558kg
       Max. Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling: 7500m  Max. Range: 244mls
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
P6M Seamaster, Martin
       (P-USA-AF-PA-HS-N-JW4)
       Swept-wing jet flying boat. Only four were built, because the
       requirement for such aircraft disappeared. 
       Type: P6M-2
       Function: maritime patrol
       Year: 1959  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 7940kg P&W J75-P-2
       Speed: 965km/h   Ceiling: 12200m  Range: 2415km
       Armament: 2*g20mm
P6Y, Convair
       (P-USA-AF-P-?-?-?)
       Advanced flying boat design, competing with the {P7M}. Not built.
P-7, Boeing 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Derivative of the {PW-9}D with Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror engine. The
       engine was satisfactory, but did not improve performance much: The
       airframe design was obsolete. One built.
       Type: XP-7
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570 
       Empty Weight: 2358lb  Max.Weight: 3260lb
       Speed: 168mph  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
P-7, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-P-?-?-?)
       The P-7 would have been a replacement and development of the
       {P-3} Orion, but was cancelled recently.
P7M Submaster, Martin
       (P-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARW4)
       The P7M was a planned development of the {P5M}. The P7M would have
       been powered by four R-1820 radials, with an additional J85 jet
       engine to provide air for boundary layer control. Never built.
P-8, Boeing 
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane fighter, a modification of the {F2B} with the new
       Packard 2A-1500 engine. Performance was disappointing. One built.
       Type: XP-8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Packard 2A-1500
       Empty Weight: 2390lb  Max.Weight: 3521lb
       Max. Speed: 173mph  Ceiling: 23000ft  Max. Range: 325mls
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
P-9, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-HN-N-IL1)
       Shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The pilot's cockpit was positioned
       behind the wing, which put it very far back to the tail. The P-9
       was innovative in layout and construction, but had completely
       unacceptable flying characteristics. After 15 hours of flying,
       it was grounded. One built.
       Type: XP-9
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570
       Wing Span: 11.13m  Length: 7.66m  Height: 2.36m  Wing Area: 19.51m2
       Empty Weight: 1210kg  Max.Weight: 1643kg
       Max. Speed: 343km/h  Ceiling: 26800ft  Max. Range: 425mls
       Armament:
P-10, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane fighter, a very clean design with a gulled upper wing. But
       performance was little better than that of fighters already in
       service, and the surface radiators applied were troublesome.
       One built.
       Type: XP-10
       Task: fighter
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-15
       Wing Span: 10.06m  Length: 7.47m  Height: 2.64m  Wing Area: 25.08m2
       Max. Speed: 346km/h  Ceiling: 26500ft  Max. Range: 740km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
P-11, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1)
       Another Curtiss Hawk derivative: a {P-6} with a 600hp Curtiss
       H-1640 Chieftain engine. This engine was a failure, and the
       XP-11 project was abandoned. The airframes were completed as
       two {P-6}s and one {P-20}.
P-12, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter. The naval version of this aircraft was the {F4B}.
       The Army initially had a F4B on loan for testing. The F4B/P-12 was
       the numerically most important US fighter of the interbellum. It
       was a rather conventional biplane; the P-12E introduced a semi-
       monococque fuselage that replaced the earlier fabric-covered one. 
       The P-12 served in the front line until 1935 and as a trainer
       until 1941.
       Type: P-12E
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 525hp P&W R-1340-17
       Wing Span: 9.14m  Length: 6.17m  Height: 2.74m  Wing Area: 21.13m2
       Empty Weight: 907kg  Max.Weight: 1220kg
       Max. Speed: 304km/h  Ceiling: 31400ft  Max. Range: 585mls
       Armament:
P-13 Viper, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1)
       Biplane fighter, of all-metal construction with corrugated skinning. 
       This fighter was the victim of its unsatisfactory Curtiss H-1640
       engine. A change to an P&W R-1340 came too late. This was also the
       end for the Thomas-Morse company; it was bought by Consolidated.
       Type: XP-13
       Task: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss H-1640-1
       Wing Span: 8.53m  Length: 7.16m  Height: 2.56m  Wing Area: 17.56m2
       Empty Weight: 1026kg  Max.Weight: 1477kg
       Max. Speed: 277km/h  Ceiling: 20800ft  Max. Range:
       Armament: none
P-14, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1)
       Curtiss-built {P-13}. Cancelled.
P-15, Boeing 
       (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-AR1)
       Parasol-wing fighter, essentially a {P-12}E fuselage with a new
       wing. The air force was not yet willing the decrease in
       manoeuvrability and increase in landing speed of monoplanes,
       and the XP-15 remained experimental.
       Type: XP-15
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W SR-1340D
       Wing Span: 9.29m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.84m  Wing Area: 14.61m2
       Empty Weight: 931kg  Max.Weight: 1245kg
       Max. Speed: 298km/h  Ceiling:  26550ft    Max. Range: 421mls
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 227kg
P-16, Berliner-Joyce
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       Two-seat biplane fighter, the last fighter biplane in USAAC service.
       The P-16 was of metal construction; the upper wing was gulled into
       the front fuselage and of longer span than the upper wing. Their
       performance was rather low and they easily overturned on landing;
       after two years they were retired. 26 built.
       Type: P-16
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 447kW Curtiss V-1570-25
       Wing Span: 10.36m  Length: 8.59m  Height: 2.74m  Wing Area: 25.92m2
       Empty Weight: 1271kg  Max Weight: 1813kg
       Max. Speed: 282km/h  Ceiling: 21600ft  Max. Range: 1046km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 112kg
P-17, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1)
       A conversion of the {P-1} Hawk to test the Wright V-1460-3 Tornado
       engine. This was an inverted in-line, air-cooled engine.
       Type: XP-17
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 480hp Wright V-1460-3 
       Wing Span: 9.63m  Length: 6.96m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1000kg  Max.Weight: 1358kg
       Speed: 265km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
P-18, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-?1)
       Biplane fighter with Wright V-1560 engine. Cancelled.
P-19, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-N-N-?1)
       Monoplane fighter with Wright V-1560 engine. Cancelled.
P-20, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       The YP-20 was a conversion of an uncompleted {P-11} airframe,
       with an 650hp Wright R-1820. The {P-22} with its Curtiss Conqueror
       engine was preferred. The YP-20 was later modified to have this
       engine, and became the X{P-6}E. 
       Type: YP-20
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 575hp Curtiss R-1820-9
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.24m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1124kg  Max.Weight: 1466kg
       Speed: 301km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
P-21, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       The XP-21 was a conversion of the X{P-3}A as testbed for the
       P&W R-985 Wasp Junior.
P-22, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       The XP-22 was the prototype of the P-6E, with a Curtiss V-1570-23
       engine, and aerodynamic refinements. It began life as a {P-6}, and
       ended its life as an P-6A. In between, it served as prototype
       for the Y1P-22, which was later renamed P-6C, and still later
       P-6E. Confused? 
P-23, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Last Curtiss biplane fighter, a much-modified P-6E with a
       turbosupercharged engine, new tail and landing gear, cleaned up
       nose contours, and a three-bladed propeller. The Army finally
       decided to adopt monoplane fighters (the {P-26}) and only one
       P-23 was built.
       Type: XP-23
       Task: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Curtiss G1V-1570-C
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 7.26m  Height: 2.89m  Wing Area: 23.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1485kg  Max.Weight: 1870kg
       Max. Speed: 359km/h  Ceiling: 33000ft  Max. Range: 700km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm
P-24, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Large two-seat fighter, developed from the Lockheed Altair. The
       P-24 was a cantilever monoplane with enclosed cockpits and
       retractable landing gear. The depression of 1931 and the bankrupcy
       of Lockheed halted development. Two built.
       Type: YP-24
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931 Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * 440kW Curtiss V-1570-23
       Wing Span: 13.04m  Length: 8.76m  Height: 2.59m  Wing Area: 27.13m2
       Empty Weight: 1365kg  Max.Weight: 1978kg
       Max. Speed: 378km/h  Ceiling: 25000ft  Max. Range: 895km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm
P-25, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)       
       Consolidated development of the Lockheed {P-24}. Consolidated
       took over because Lockheed had ceased to exist. It made some
       changes, including an all-metal wing and a turbocharger. One
       built, but the design was developed into the {P-30}.
       Type: Y1P-25
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Curtiss V-1570-27 Conqueror
       Wing Span: 13.36m  Length: 8.94m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 27.49m2
       Empty Weight: 1763kg  Max.Weight: 2318kg
       Speed: 397km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
P-26 "Peashooter", Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       First monoplane USAAF fighter. The stubby P-26 introduced the
       monoplane to the USAAC, but kept the open cockpit, bracing wires
       and fixed landing gear of older types. Boeing may have been a
       little irritated by such conservatism and built more modern
       aircraft, but the USAAC didn't want them. The P-26 was a very
       popular aircraft, that remained in service until 1941. It saw
       brief action in China, and after Pearl Harbour in the Phillipines.
       Guatemala used them until 1957!
       Type: P-26A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 373kW P&W R-1340-27
       Wing Span: 8.52m  Length: 7.19m  Height: 3.06m  Wing Area: 13.89m2
       Empty Weight: 997kg  Max.Weight: 1340kg
       Max. Speed: 377km/h  Ceiling: 8350m  Max. Range: 580km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm
P-27, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)       
       The Y1P-27 was a {P-25} reengined with a P&W R-1340-21.
       Cancelled.
P-28, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)       
       The Y1P-27 was a {P-25} reengined with a P&W R-1340-19.
       Cancelled.
P-29, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The XP-29 was built by Boeing as a more modern alternative to
       the {P-26}. It had a cantilever wing, a retractable undercarriage,
       a NACA cowling and (initially) an enclosed cockpit. But it was not
       accepted by the USAAC. Three built.
       Type: YP-29
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340-35
       Wing Span: 8.95m  Length: 7.61m  Height: 2.33m  Wing Area:16.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1135kg  Max.Weight: 1483kg
       Max. Speed: 389km/h  Ceiling: 26000ft  Max. Range: 1300km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm
P-30, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)       
       Production version of the {P-25}. The P-30 retained to the
       low-wing monoplane, two-seat configuration. 54 were built,
       that were later redesignated {PB-2}. The idea of a two-seat
       fighter was never popular, and the service career of the type
       was brief. Later a single-seat version was offered to the USAF,
       but was rejected. 
       Type: P-30A
       Task: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 675hp Curtiss V-1570-57
       Wing Span: 13.38m  Length: 9.14m  Height: 2.51m  Wing Area: 27.59m2
       Empty Weight: 1953kg  Max.Weight: 2560kg
       Max. Speed: 410km/h  Ceiling: 28000ft  Max. Range: 817km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
P-31 Swift, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1|AR1)
       The XP-31 was also known as the X{P-934}. It was a monoplane
       fighter, with an enclosed cockpit, but fixed undercarriage and
       external braces. Performance was disappointing, and the Army
       preferred the {P-26}. It was flown with a Wright R-1820 radial
       and a Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror line engine. One built.
       Type: XP-31
       Task: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Curtiss V-1570-53
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.00m  Height: 2.36m  Wing Area: 18.86m2
       Empty Weight: 1512kg  Max.Weight: 1879kg
       Max. Speed: 335km/h  Ceiling: 22700ft  Max. Range: 595km
       Armament: 4*mg7.62mm
P-32, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Version of the {P-29}A with a P&W R-1535. Cancelled.
P-33, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       A {P-30} with a 800hp P&W R-1830-1. Cancelled.
P-34, Williams
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Fighter developed from the famous Wedell-Williams racing
       aircraft. Cancelled.
P-35, Seversky 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       This monoplane fighter built in competition with the Curtiss {P-36}.
       The P-35 actually won the competition, but Seversky was unable to
       build the P-35 at the rate demanded by the USAAC. It was soon
       understood that the P-35 was too slow, too cumbersome and too
       lightly armed, and it was retired from frontline service before
       Pearl Harbour. Later the type was exported to Sweden as the EP-1,
       and the last 60 of the 120 ordered by Sweden were requisitioned
       by the USAAC and given the designation P-35A. 
       Type: P-35A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 770kW P&W R-1830-45
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.18m  Height: 2.97m  Wing Area: 20.44m2
       Empty Weight: 2077kg  Max.Weight: 3052kg
       Max. Speed: 499km/h  Ceiling: 9550m  Max. Range: 1850km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm
P-36 Hawk, Curtiss 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The P-36 was, together with the {P-35}, the first USAAF
       fighter making use of modern technology. Designed in six
       months by 'Don' Berlin, it suffered long development and
       numerous theething troubles. Fighter development was quick
       in these days, and the P-36 was already obsolete at the
       outbreak of WWII. They fought at Pearl Harbour, but were
       soon retired thereafter. However, large numbers were exported
       as Hawk 75, in versions with both fixed (Hawk 75-H, M, N and O)
       and retractable landing gear (Hawk 75-A). Customers included
       France, Britain, Norway, and China. Their low performance
       was partially compensated by their excellent handling and
       manoeuvrability. Curtiss built also a Hawk 75R with a
       turbosupercharged R-1830 engine. 1424 were built. 
       Type: P-36A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 770kW R-1830-13
       Wing Span: 11.39m  Length: 8.70m  Height: 3.70m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 2073kg  Max.Weight: 2728kg
       Max. Speed: 483km/h  Ceiling: 10100m  Max. Range: 1330km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
       Type: Hawk 75A-4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1200hp Wright GR-1820-G205A
       Wing Span: 11.38m  Length: 8.74m  Height: 2.82m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 2060kg  Max.Weight: 2608kg
       Speed: 520km/h  Ceiling: 9967m  Range: 1625km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
       Type: Hawk 75-O
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 875hp Wright GR-180-G3
       Wing Span: 11.39m  Length: 8.72m  Height: 2.82m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 1803kg  Max.Weight: 2911kg
       Speed: 451km/h  Ceiling: 9690m  Range: 1947km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b.
P-37, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The P-37 was derived from the {P-36}, but had a liquid-cooled,
       turbocharged V-1710 engine. The cockpit had to be moved aft the
       restore the center of gravity. The engine installation was
       problematic, the supercharger being not very reliable. 
       14 built.
       Type: YP-37
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1000hp Allison V-1710-21
       Wing Span: 11.38m  Length: 10.01m  Height: 2.89m  Wing Area: 21.29m2
       Empty Weight: 2596kg  Max.Weight: 3125kg
       Max. Speed: 533km/h  Ceiling: 34000ft  Range: 917km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm
P-37, Hughes 
       (S-USA-A-F-HN-T-ARW2)
       Night fighter project, built of wood. Rejected, but revived as the
       X{A-37}.
P-38 Lightning, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2)
       Unusual twin-boom WWII fighter. Most US fighters with the 
       Allison V-1710 engine suffered from bad performance at higher 
       altitudes, but the P-38 was fitted with turbochargers in the 
       tail booms, behind the engines. Armament was concentrated in 
       the nose of the central nacelle. The P-38 was not very suitable 
       for combat in Europe, but achieved great succes in the Pacific.  
       The P-38F was the first combat-ready model. The P-38J introduced
       new air intakes for the radiators, finally solving cooling 
       prolems. 10037 built.
       Type: P-38F
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 900kW Allison V-1710-49/53
       Wing Span: 15.85m  Length: 11.53m  Height: 3.91m  Wing Area: 30.5m2
       Empty Weight: 5902kg  Max.Weight: 7173kg
       Max. Speed: 628km/h  Ceiling: 11900m  Max. Range: 1125km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm
       Type: P-38J-25-LO
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * Allison V-1710-89/91
       Wing Span: 15.85m  Length: 11.53m  Height: 3.91m  Wing Area: 30.5m2
       Empty Weight: 6401kg  Max.Weight: 9806kg
       Speed: 666km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3025km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm 2*b726kg
P-39 Airacobra, Bell
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The small Airacobra fighter had an engine buried in the fuselage 
       above the wing, behind the pilot, driving the prop by a long 
       shaft. The P-39 was a disappointment as fighter, with too low 
       performance to intercept Japanese bombers. This was mostly due
       to the removal of the turbosupercharger from production aircraft,
       which turned the P-39 from a promising high-altitude interceptor
       into a mediocre low-altitude fighter and attack aircraft. The USSR 
       found it to be a good ground-attack aircraft, because it was rugged 
       and had a 37mm cannon.  9558 built.
       Type: P-39D
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1200kW Allison V-1710-35
       Wing Span: 10.37m  Length: 9.21m  Height: 3.60m  Wing Area: 19.79m2
       Empty Weight: 2860kg  Max.Weight: 4018kg
       Max. Speed: 539km/h  Ceiling: 32100ft Max. Range: 1770km
       Armament: 1xg37mm 4xmg7.62mm 2xmg12.7mm 1*b227kg
       Type: P-39N
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1200hp Allison V-1710-85
       Wing Span: 10.37m  Length: 9.21m  Height: 3.79m  Wing Area: 19.79m2
       Empty Weight: 2906kg  Max.Weight: 3995kg
       Speed: 605km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1570km
       Armament: 1*g37mm 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm 1*b227kg
P-40 Warhawk, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The P-40 was a development of the {P-36} with a liquid-cooled
       engine, known to the manufacturer as Hawk 81 and to the British
       as {Tomahawk}. It suffered from the obsoleteness of the basic
       design. The P-40 was never the equal of its opponents, but
       despite this it served throughout WWII. It most famous user was
       the AVG, better known as the 'Flying Tigers', a group of American
       pilots hired by China. The P-40D model introduced a strongly
       modified nose and a new engine; this version was known as Hawk 87
       to the manufacturer and {Kittyhawk} to the British. The P-40 was
       sturdy and had good diving characteristics, but was outperformed
       by modern fighters, despite continuous improvement. Later P-40s
       had lengthened fuselages, a lighter structure, and even Packard
       V-1650 Merlin engines. 13738 were built.
       Type: P-40C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1090hp Allison V-1710-33
       Wing Span: 11.37m  Length: 9.66m  Height: 3.22m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 2636kg  Max.Weight: 3655kg
       Speed: 555km/h  Ceiling: 8990m  Range: 1287km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.62mm
       Type: P-40E-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1150kW Allison V-1710-39
       Wing Span: 11.38m  Length: 9.68m  Height: 3.76m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 3133kg  Max.Weight: 4131kg
       Max. Speed: 582km/h  Ceiling: 8900m  Max. Range: 1370km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 227kg
       Type: P-40F-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1300hp Packard V-1650-1
       Wing Span: 11.38m  Length: 10.17m  Height: 3.76m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 3178kg  Max.Weight: 4540kg
       Speed: 586km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2414km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 227kg
       Type: P-40N-20
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1015kW Allison V-1710-81
       Wing Span: 11.42m  Length: 10.20m  Height: 3.77m  Wing Area: 21.95m2
       Empty Weight: 2724kg  Max.Weight: 4018kg
       Speed: 609km/h  Ceiling: 11630m  Range:
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm  227kg
P-41, Republic 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       This was a development of {P-35} as high-altitude fighter, with a
       mechanical two-stage supercharger for its R-1830 engine. The
       turbo-supercharged {P-43} was preferred. Only one built.
       Type: XP-41
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-19
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.23m  Height: 3.81m  Wing Area: 20.44m2
       Empty Weight: 2445kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 520km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1175km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm
P-42 Hawk, Curtiss  
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The XP-42 was a development of the {P-36} with a close-cowled
       radial engine, as part of a drag reduction research programme.
       One built. 
       Type: XP-42
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1050hp P&W R-1830-31
       Wing Span: 11.38m  Length: 9.22m  Height: 2.97m  Wing Area: 21.92m2
       Empty Weight: 2185kg  Max.Weight: 2767kg
       Max. Speed: 552km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1175km
       Armament:
P-43 Lancer, Republic
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {P-35}. The P-43 was heavier, but the addition
       of a turbosupercharger improved performance considerably.
       Nevertheless the performance of the P-43 was not up to European
       standards, and it lacked armour protection. Most P-43s were only
       ordered to keep the production lines of Republic open, until the
       {P-47} could be delivered. Only the P-43s lend-leased to China
       saw combat. 272 built.
       Type: P-43A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-57
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.69m  Height: 4.27m  Wing Area: 20.72m2
       Empty Weight: 2722kg  Max.Weight: 3850kg
       Max. Speed: 573km/h  Ceiling: 11000m  Max. Range: 2300km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm
P-44 Rocket, Republic 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of {P-43}, more powerful and with armour and armament
       increased. Cancelled in favour of the {P-47}.
       Type: XP-44
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 1030kW Wright R-1820-1
       Max. Speed:      km/h    Ceiling:       m     Max. Range:       km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
P-45 Airacobra, Bell 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The USAAF intended to use this number for the production version
       of the Airacobra. In the end it was called {P-39}C.
P-46, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Single-seat fighter. The P-46 was broadly based on the {P-40},
       but incorporated features that seemed desirable after a study of
       European fighter designs: an inboard-retracting wide-track
       undercarriage, leading edge slats, and eight machine guns.
       It also had a ventral radiator batch, preceding the similar design
       of the {P-51}. The P-46 was designed to improve on the P-40, but
       the P-40D with the same engine had superior performance! Two
       built.
       Type: XP-46
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 845kW Allison V-1710-39
       Wing Span: 10.47m  Length: 9.19m  Height: 3.97m  Wing Area: 19.32m2
       Empty Weight: 2554kg  Max.Weight: 3480kg
       Max. Speed: 571km/h  Ceiling: 9000m  Range: 325mls
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 8*mg7.62mm
P-47, Republic (P-47 and P-47A)
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The first P-47 project had an Allison V-1710 and an armament of only
       two .50 guns. Cancelled in favour of an R-2800 engined fighter,
       also called {P-47}. 
P-47 Thunderbolt, Republic
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The P-47 was a big and very powerful high-altitude fighter. It
       was designed round the powerful R-2800 engine and its turbocharger, 
       because the USAAF had (entirely justified) misgivings about fitting 
       all its fighters with the Allison V-1710. The R-2800 was powerful, 
       thirsty, costly to operate, but rugged and reliable. By extracting 
       all possible power from it, the P-47 evolved into a fighter that was 
       equal or superior to its adversaries. With drop tanks, the P-47 
       could fly escort missions deep into Germany, and it did much to 
       defeat the Luftwaffe. The P-47M was the fastest US fighter in WWII 
       service. Because of a shorter range and more rugged structure than 
       the {P-51}, the P-47 was later used as fighter-bomber, in which
       role it performed extremely well. Most built US fighter of WWII
       with 15683 aircraft. Large numbers served in other airforces,
       including those of Britain and France. 
       Type: P-47C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2300hp P&W R-2800-21
       Wing Span: 12.42m  Length: 10.99m  Height: 4.32m  Wing Area: 27.9m2
       Empty Weight: 4858kg  Max.Weight: 7355kg
       Speed: 697km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2776km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 1*b227kg
       Type: P-47D-30-RE
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1865kW P&W R-2800-59
       Wing Span: 12.42m  Length: 10.99m  Height: 4.44m  Wing Area: 27.9m2
       Empty Weight: 4812kg  Max.Weight: 7900kg
       Max. Speed: 687km/h  Ceiling: 12800m  Max. Range: 2900km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 1135kg
       Type: P-47N-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2800hp P&W R-2800-57
       Wing Span: 12.97m  Length: 10.79m  Height:   Wing Area: 29.91m2
       Empty Weight: 5285kg  Max.Weight: 9380kg
       Speed: 740km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3781km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 1135kg
P-48, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AI1)
       Design for a small, lightweight high-altitude fighter. The V-770
       engine was the same as used by the Bell {P-77}. The P-48 design
       featured a high aspect ratio wing and tricycle landing gear.
       Cancelled.
       Type: XP-48
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 525 hp Ranger SGV-770
       Max. Speed: 525mph  Ceiling:  Max. Range:
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
P-49, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2)
       The XP-49 was developed from the {P-38}. It was intended to have a
       pressurised cockpit and Pratt & Whitney X-1800 24-cylinder engines.
       These were later replaced by XIV-1430 engines later. It proved
       inferior to the P-38J.  Only one was built.
       Type: XP-49
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1175kW Continental XIV-1430-13/15
       Wing Span: 15.85m  Length: 12.22m  Height: 2.98m  Wing Area: 30.42m2
       Empty Weight: 6990kg  Max.Weight: 18750lb
       Max. Speed: 653km/h  Ceiling: 37500ft  Max. Range: 1800mls
       Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm (not fitted)
P-50 Skyrocket, Grumman 
       (S-USA-AC-F-LN-N-ARW2)
       USAAF version of {F5F}. The XP-50 had a nosewheel undercarriage,
       a longer nose, and supercharged engines. The fuselage was
       redesigned to have a smoother, shark-like shape. It was better
       than the XF5F-1, but the programme ended when the XP-50 was lost.
       Type: XP-50
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * R-1820-67/69
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 9.73m  Height: 3.66m  Wing Area: 28.24m2
       Empty Weight: 3768kg  Max.Weight: 5924kg
       Speed: 682km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 940km
       Armament: (2*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm)
P-51 Mustang, North American
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       This best known US fighter of WWII was built to British requirements.
       The British reluctantly accepted North American's proposal to design 
       a new fighter for them, instead of license-building {P-40}s, and the 
       USAAF was at first not interested at all. The P-51 was a clean and 
       very refined design, with a laminar flow wing and carefully positioned
       radiator bath. The early P-51, with Allison V-1710 engine, was an
       excellent low-altitude reconnaissance fighter, but had low performance
       above 15000ft. After reengining with the R.R. Merlin, the P-51B was
       one of the best fighters of WWII. It proved to be the ideal fighter 
       to escort the bomber force on the long missions over Germany. The 
       P-51D sacrificed some speed for the introduction of a 'bubble' 
       hood, offering much better vision. The P-51F, G and J versions were 
       lightweight developments, with only a superficial resemblance to the 
       original Mustang; the P-51H was more directly related to the P-51D, 
       but powered by the more powerful V-1650-9 engine. After WWII, the 
       P-51D played a very important role as fighter-bomber in Korea.  
       14819 built.
       Type: P-51A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1200hp Allison V-1710-81
       Wing Span: 11.28m  Length: 9.83m  Height: 3.71m  Wing Area: 21.65m2
       Empty Weight: 3110kg  Max.Weight: 4812kg
       Speed: 628km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2011km
       Armament: 
       Type: P-51D
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1100kW RR-Packard V-1650-7 Merlin
       Wing Span: 11.28m  Length: 9.83m  Height: 4.16m  Wing Area: 21.83m2
       Empty Weight: 3466kg  Max.Weight: 5493kg
       Max. Speed: 703km/h  Ceiling: 12800m  Max. Range: 3350km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
P-52, Bell
       (S-USA-A-F-?N-T-ILP1)
       The P-52 was a design for a twin-boom, pusher-prop fighter.
       It featured 20 degrees of wing sweepback and a nose-mounted
       radiator. It was cancelled in favour of the more powerful
       X{P-59}, similar but powered by the P&W R-2800. Later the
       P-59 designation was used for the first US jet fighter, the
       Airacomet.
       Type: XP-52
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940 Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 1250hp Continental XIV-1430-5
       Max. Speed: 425mph  Ceiling: 40000ft  Max. Range: 960mls
       Armament: 2*g20mm 6*mg12.7mm
P-53, Curtiss 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Variation on the {P-40} with a new, laminar flow wing and
       the XIV-1430 engine. Cancelled together with the engine; the
       design became the basis for the {P-60}.
       Type: XP-53
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 920kW Continental XIV-1430-3
       Max. Speed: 724km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm
P-54, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-T-ILP1)
       Experimental twin-boom pusher-prop fighter. The XP-54 was built to
       specification R-40C, issued by the USAAC to encourage the development
       of fighters with an unusual configuration. The XP-54 was the first US
       fighter to have an ejector seat: the pilot entered the aircraft by
       lowering the seat under the aircraft -- the cockpit hood was fixed --
       and could leave it in an emergency by catapulting the seat downwards.
       The entire nose could be elevated and depressed to make gun ranging
       easier. The XP-54 was abandoned because of its unsatisfactory engine.
       Two built.
       Type: XP-54
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2200hp Lycoming XH-2470-1
       Wing Span: 16.68m  Length: 16.40m  Height: 4.42m  Wing Area: 42.36m
       Empty Weight: 6929kg  Max.Weight: 8779kg
       Max. Speed: 381mph  Ceiling: 37000 ft  Max. Range:
       Armament: 2*g37mm 2*mg12.7mm
P-55 Ascender, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LS-F-ILP1)
       Experimental fighter of canard configuration with a pusher engine,
       designed in repsonse to the R-40C specification. The wing was 
       swept back, with fins and rudders fitted towards the tips. The
       originally planned engine was the P&W X-1800, but this was not
       available. The XP-55 had unimpressive performance. Three built.
       Type: XP-55
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1275hp Allison V-1710-95
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 9.02m  Height: 3.07m  Wing Area: 21.83m2
       Empty Weight: 2884kg  Max.Weight: 3600kg
       Max. Speed: 607km/h  Ceiling: 10920m  Max. Range: 2317km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
P-56 "Black Bullet", Northrop
       (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-F-ARP1)
       The XP-56 was developed to specification R-40C, that encouraged
       the development of unconventional fighters. It was a tailless
       aircraft of magnesium construction. A setback occured when the
       original engine was cancelled and had to be replaced by the
       P&W R-2800. The handling characteristics and performance of the
       P-56 were unsatisfactory; one was lost and the second was finally
       declared unairworthy. Important lessons were learnt for the
       {B-35}. 
       Type: XP-56
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2000hp P&W R-2800-29
       Wing Span: 12.95m  Length: 8.38m  Height: 3.35m  Wing Area: 28.4m2
       Empty Weight: 3950kg  Max.Weight: 5514kg
       Max. Speed: 671km/h  Ceiling: 33000ft  Max. Range: 660mls
       Armament: 2*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm
P-57, Tucker
       (S-USA-A-F-N?-N-I?1)
       Lightweight high-altitude fighter. The XP-57 had a low-powered engine
       in the mid-fuselage, behind the pilot, driving the propeller by an
       extension shaft. Cancelled.
       Type: XP-57
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1 Engines: 1 * 720hp Miller L-510
       Max. Speed: 308mph  Ceiling:  Max. Range: 960mls
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm
P-58 Chain Lightning, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2)
       Long-term development of {P-38}. Numerous changes of requirements
       and engines resulted in a waste of money and excessively long
       development. It finally emerged as a high-altitude bomber
       destroyer, with turbosupercharged engines, aft-facing dorsal and
       ventral gun turrets, and interchangeable forward-firing armament
       of four 37mm cannon or one 75mm cannon and two 12.7mm machine guns.
       Only one, unarmed, prototype was built.
       Type: XP-58
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * Allison V-3420-11/13
       Wing Span: 21.34m  Length: 15.06m  Height: 4.14m  Wing Area: 55.74m2
       Empty Weight: 14357kg  Max.Weight: 20430kg
       Max. Speed: 436mph Ceiling: 38400ft  Max. Range: 2650mls
       Armament: 4*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm 4000lb
P-59, Bell 
       (S-USA-A-F-?N-T-ARP1)
       The first P-59 was a pusher prop fighter project developed from
       the {P-52}, but with a P&W R-2800-52 engine buried in the central
       nacelle. Cancelled.
P-59 Airacomet, Bell
       (S-USA-A-FX-MN-N-J2)
       First US jet aircraft. In all but its engines the P-59 was thorougly
       conventional design. The two jet engines were placed under the wing
       roots, to make maintenance and their possible replacement by other
       engines easier. The P-59 was a rather big aircraft and underpowered,
       and it was a failure as a fighter. It was used as an operational
       trainer for the conversion to jet engines. 64 built. 
       Type: P-59A
       Function: fighter / trainer
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1650lb G.E. J31-GE-3
       Wing Span: 13.87m  Length: 11.62m  Height: 3.65m  Wing Area: 35.86m2
       Empty Weight: 3606kg  Max.Weight: 5902kg
       Max. Speed: 658km/h  Ceiling: 14090m  Max. Range: 5837km
       Armament: 1*g37mm 3*mg12.7mm
P-60, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The P-60 was developed from the {P-53}, originally with a
       V-1650 Merlin engine (XP-60 and XP-60D), later with a V-1710
       (XP-60A) and (XP-60B and XP-60E) with a P&W R-2800 engine. The
       P-60 did never perform well. Large orders for the P-60A, with
       a turbosupercharged V-1710 engine, were cancelled after Pearl
       Harbour. Numerous changes failed to produce a successful fighter. 
       Type: XP-60A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1425hp Allison V-1710-75
       Wing Span: 12.59m  Length: 10.26m  Height: 3.77m  Wing Area: 25.56m2
       Empty Weight: 3544kg  Max.Weight: 4366kg
       Max. Speed: 676km/h  Ceiling:  9906m  Max. Range: 1200km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
       Type: XP-60E
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2000hp P&W R-2800-10
       Wing Span: 12.59m  Length: 10.34m  Height: 3.81m  Wing Area: 25.56m2
       Empty Weight: 3893kg  Max.Weight: 4843kg
       Speed: 410mph  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
P-61 Black Widow, Northrop
       (S-USA-A-F-MN-T-ARW2)
       The only specially designed night fighter of WWII, a large but 
       maneuvrable twin-engined, twin-boom aircraft. The allied enjoyed 
       almost total air superiority by the time the P-61 entered service, 
       and the P-61 was mainly used as a night intruder and attack aircraft.  
       The nose housed a big and heavy centimetric radar set, made in the 
       US; four machine guns were installed in a remotely controlled turret 
       on top of the fuselage (deleted on many P-61As) and four cannon were 
       fitted in the fuselage belly. The P-61 was surprisingly maneuverable 
       for such a large aircraft, but too slow too make a really excellent 
       fighter. There was also a two-seat dayfighter development, the
       XP-61E, later converted into the X{F-15} reconaissance aircraft. 
       706 built.
       Type: P-61B-1
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1944  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 2250hp P&W R-2800-65
       Wing Span: 20.11m  Length: 15.11m  Height: 4.47m  Wing Area: 61.53m2
       Empty Weight: 10637m  Max.Weight: 16240m
       Max. Speed: 589km/h  Ceiling: Max. Range: 2175km
       Armament: 4*g20mm (4*mg12.7mm) 4*725kg
P-62, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Large, innovative high-altitude fighter, with a turbo-compressor,
       contra-rotating propellers, a pressure cabin and heavy armament.  
       The big R-3350 radial engine was scarce and still unreliable.
       The pressure cabin was never installed. The P-62 was abandoned
       in 1944. Only one was built. 
       Type: XP-62
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1690kW Wright R-3350-17
       Wing Span: 16.35m  Length: 12.05m  Height: 4.04m  Wing Area: 39.02m2
       Empty Weight: 5345kg  Max.Weight: 7560kg
       Max. Speed: 721km/h  Ceiling: 10900m  Max. Range: 1500mls
       Armament: 4*g20mm
P-63 Kingcobra, Bell 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The P-63 inherited the general layout of the {P-39} Airacobra,
       but was totally redesigned. It had an engine with a two-stage
       supercharger and a laminar flow wing, in an attempt to improve
       high-altitude performance. Superior fighters were already in
       service, and the P-63 had a too small combat radius. The USAAF
       bought few P-63s and never used them in combat. Most production
       aircraft (2397) were lend-leased to the USSR. The USAAF did buy
       the bizarre RP-63, a manned aerial target, well-armoured to resist
       the hits of special, frangible bullets! 3303 built.
       Type: P-63A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 975kW Allison V-1710-93
       Wing Span: 11.69m  Length: 9.96m  Height: 3.84m  Wing Area: 23.04m2
       Empty Weight: 2894kg  Max.Weight: 4767kg
       Max. Speed: 660km/h  Ceiling: 13100m  Max. Range: 4140km
       Armament: 1*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm 237kg
P-64, North American
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The P-64 was a fighter extrapolation of the well known {T-6}
       trainer. The aircraft, built for Thailand, went to the USAAF after
       Pearl Harbour, and were named P-64. They were disarmed and used
       as trainers, but they were given P- instead of T- designations
       because they were single-seaters. 13 built.
       Type: P-64
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 640kW Wright R-1820-77
       Wing Span: 11.35m  Length: 8.23m  Height: 2.74m  Wing Area: 21.13m2
       Empty Weight: 2116kg  Max.Weight: 3087kg
       Max. Speed: 434km/h  Ceiling: 8400m  Max. Range: 1550km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 2*g20mm 4*b45kg
P-65, Grumman
       (S-USA-A-F-HN-N-ARW2)
       The USAAF used this number for the {F7F}, but cancelled its
       orders in order to allow Grumman to optimize the design for
       the USN.
P-66 Vanguard, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The Vultee Vanguard was a private venture fighter, that shared
       the same wing and tail surfaces as the {BT-13} and {BC-3}. It
       looked good, but its performance fell behind requirements. After
       two abortive attempts to sell the P-66 abroad, most of the 144
       aircraft built were Lend-Leased to China. Some were a short
       time in US service, after Pearl Harbour.
       Type: P-66
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 880kW P&W R-1830-33
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.66m  Height: 2.87m  Wing Area: 18.30m2
       Empty Weight: 2377kg  Max.Weight: 3352kg
       Max. Speed: 547km/h  Ceiling: 8600m  Max. Range: 1530km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.62mm
P-67 Bat, McDonnell
       (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-ILW2)
       The first aircraft McDonnell designed was a radical and innovatove
       fighter. The USAAC rejected the design, but encouraged McDonnell to
       proceed with the relatively more conventional P-67. An aerofoil shape
       was applied to its entire fuselage and the engine nacelles, with all
       parts joining smoothly together. The XP-67 did not meet expectations,
       due in large part to the troublesome engines. One built.
       Type: XP-67
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1545kW Continental XI-1430-17/19
       Wing Span: 16.76m  Length: 13.64m  Height: 4.80m  Wing Area: 38.46m2
       Empty Weight: 8056kg  Max.Weight: 11532kg
       Max. Speed: 652km/h  Ceiling: 11400m  Max. Range: 3840km
       Armament: 6*g37mm
P-68 Tornado, Vultee 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-T-ARP1)
       Design for a development of {P-54} with another engine, the
       Wright R-2610 Tornado. Cancelled.
P-69, Republic
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-LR1)
       Design for a high-altitude fighter with the engine, a
       liquid-cooled radial, buried in the mid-fuselage position.
       Cancelled in favour of the {P-72}.
       Type: XP-69
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 1840kW Wright R-2160-3
       Max. Speed: 450 mph  Ceiling: 48900ft  Max. Range: 1800mls
       Armament: 2*g37mm 4*mg12.7mm
P-70, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-F-HN-N-ARW2)
       The P-70 was an improvised night fighter version of the
       twin-engined {A-20} bomber aircraft. The performance of the
       P-70 was inadequate, and the few units that went to combat
       with it exchanged it for other aircraft as soon as these were
       available. Many nightfighter crews were trained on the P-70,
       however; the P-70B was built for training purposes only. 240
       converted. 
       Type: P-70
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1942  Crew:   Engines: 2 * Wright R-2600-11
       Wing Span: 18.69m  Length: 14.50m  Height: 5.36m  Wing Area: 43.11m2
       Empty Weight: 7278kg  Max.Weight: 9654kg
       Speed: 529km/h  Ceiling: 8611m  Range: 1706km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
P-71, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-?N-?-AR?2)
       Cancelled. The XP-71 was a very big twin-engined fighter with two
       R-4360-13 engines, driving contra-rotating pusher propellers. It was
       intended as long-range escort aircraft.
P-72, Republic
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The P-72 was more or less a development of {P-47}, powered by the
       mighty P&W R-4360 Wasp Major four-row radial. The fuselage was
       redesigned, with a cut-back supercharger intake. It had excellent
       performance, but the introduction of jet aircraft made the P-72
       superfluous. Two built.
       Type: XP-72
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2540kW P&W R-4360-13
       Wing Span: 12.47m  Length: 11.15m  Height: 4.88m  Wing Area: 27.87m2
       Empty Weight: 5210kg  Max.Weight: 7940kg
       Max. Speed: 788 km/h  Ceiling: 12800m  Max. Range: 2460km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
P-75 Eagle, General Motors / Fisher
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       GM tried to build a long-range fighter, that used parts of
       the {P-40}, {A-24} and {F4U}. This "Frankenstein" aircraft
       was powered by the Allison V-3420, a 24-cylinder engine that
       was created by coupling two V-1710 engines. This was installed
       behind the cockpit, and drove contra-rotating propellers in the
       nose by an extension shaft. The P-75 was a qualified success,
       after a lot of redesign. Performance was disappointing, however,
       and better escort aircraft were already in service. 14 built. 
       Type: XP-75
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2920kW Allison V-3420-23
       Wing Span: 15.04m  Length: 12.32m  Height: 4.72m  Wing Area: 32.24m2
       Empty Weight: 5219kg  Max.Weight: 8267kg
       Max. Speed: 697km/h  Ceiling: 11100m  Max. Range: 3300km
       Armament: 10*mg12.7mm
P-76, Bell
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The XP-76 was a more refined {P-39} Airacobra. Also known as
       the XP-39E. Three were built.
       Type: XP-76
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 1325hp Allison V-1770-47
       Max. Speed: 368mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament:
P-77, Bell
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AI1)
       The XP-77 was an unsuccesful attempt to built an extremely
       light-weight fighter of non-strategic materials. Performance was far
       below expectations, partly because the planned supercharged version 
       of the V-770 engine was not available. Finally there was no shortage 
       of aluminium, and better fighters were already in service. Two built.
       Type: XP-77
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 380kW Ranger XV-770-7
       Wing Span: 8.39m  Length: 6.98m  Height: 2.49m  Wing Area: 9.29m2
       Empty Weight: 1296kg  Max.Weight: 1829kg
       Max. Speed: 531km/h  Ceiling: 9200m  Max. Range: 885km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*b148kg
P-78 Mustang, North American 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       When a RR Merlin was installed in the {P-51}, the aircraft was
       considered worthy of a new number. Later it was called P-51B.
P-79, Northrop
       (S-USA-A-F-D-F-J2)
       The XP-79B was a flying wing fighter of magnesium construction,
       powered by two jet engines. The original XP-79 design would have
       had a rocket engine, but this was abandoned, and the XP-79B had
       two jet engines. The pilot lay prone in the nose; most of the
       construction was of welded magnesium. The XP-79B was destroyed
       on its first flight. The story that the wing leading edges were
       reinforced to slice of the tails of enemy bombers, seems to be a
       post-facto invention.  
       Type: XP-79B
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 522kg Westinghouse 19-B
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 4.27m  Height: 2.13m  Wing Area: 25.83m2
       Empty Weight: 2649kg  Max.Weight: 3932kg
       Max. Speed: 821km/h  Ceiling: 12200m  Max. Range: 1600km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
P-80 Shooting Star, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-F|R|T-LN-N-J1)
       The P-80 was the first operational US jet fighter, a fairly
       conventional design apart from the jet engine and laminar flow wing.
       A few were sent to Europe during WWII, but they did not see any
       combat during WWII. In Korea it was already obsolete as a fighter,
       but served well as attack aircraft. 1732 were built. The two-seat
       trainer version {T-33} was more successfull than the P-80 itself.
       There was also an unarmed RF-80 reconnaissance version, and the
       {F-94} nightfighter was developed from the T-33.
       Type: P-80C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 24.03kN Allison J33-A-35
       Wing Span: 11.81m  Length: 10.49m  Height: 3.43m  Wing Area: 22.07m2
       Empty Weight: 3819kg  Max.Weight: 7646kg
       Max. Speed: 967km/h  Ceiling: 14265m  Max. Range: 1328km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
P-81, Consolidated Vultee
       (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1&T1)
       The XP-81 was an experimental fighter with a TG-180 turboprop
       in the nose and an J-33 turbojet in the tail; this combination,
       it was hoped, would create an aircraft with a better range than
       pure jet fighter. But the TG-180 did deliver only 1400hp instead
       of the promised 2300hp, and the performance of the XP-81 did not
       warrant production. Two built.
       Type: XP-81
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1700kW G.E. XT31-GE-1
                                    1 * 1705kg Allison J33-GE-5
       Wing Span: 15.40m  Length: 13.69m  Height: 4.27m  Wing Area: 39.5m2
       Empty Weight: 5790kg  Max.Weight: 11190kg
       Max. Speed: 815km/h  Ceiling: 10830m  Max. Range: 4025km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm
P-82 Twin Mustang, North American
       (P-USA-A-F-LN-T-IL2)
       The unusual P-82 long-range fighter used two elongated P-51F
       fuselages and {P-51} outer wings, joined by a new center-wing
       panel. The original requirement was for a long-range escort
       fighter to escort {B-29}s. However, it was best known as night
       fighter, with a large radar pod fitted to the center section.
       They were the last piston-engined fighters to enter USAAF
       service. Most were powered by the V-1710, because the V-1650
       was no longer in production. 273 built.
       Type: F-82G
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1948  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1190kW Allison V-1710-143/145
       Wing Span: 15.62m  Length: 12.93m  Height: 4.22m  Wing Area: 37.90m2
       Empty Weight: 7255kg  Max.Weight: 11608kg
       Max. Speed: 742km/h Ceiling: 11860m  Max. Range: 3605km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 4*b454kg
P-83, Bell 
       (S-USA-A-F-MN-N-J2)
       The XP-83 was an long-range, twin-engined jet fighter roughly
       similar to the {P-59}. To carry enough fuel, the XP-83 had a
       large fuselage, and this resulted in poor performance. Two built.
       Type: XP-83
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1945 Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1815kg G.E. J33-GE-5
       Wing Span: 16.17m  Length: 13.68m  Height: 4.65m  Wing Area: 40.04m2
       Empty Weight: 6404kg  Max.Weight: 12485kg
       Max. Speed: 840km/h  Ceiling: 9150m  Max. Range:  2700km
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b454kg
P-84, Republic
       (P-USA-A-F-MN-N-J1)
       Renamed {F-84}.
P-322 Lightning, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-F-N-T-IL2)
       Number assigned to {P-38} Lightnings built to British contracts,
       without turbochargers and handed propellers. Unsuitable for
       combat, and used as trainers.
P-400 Airacobra, Bell 
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Number assigned to a number of {P-39} Airacobra's built to
       British contracts. The number 400 seems to have originated
       from Bell's claim that the P-39 was capable of 400mph.
P-559, Thomas-Morse 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AI1)
       Redesignated {P-13}.
P-900, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Renamed {P-24}.
P-925, Boeing 
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Version of the {P-12} with an R-1340D or E engine. This became the
       P-12E.
P-934, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1|AR1)
       Also known as {P-31}.
P-936, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The two {P-26} prototypes, that were at first owned by Boeing and
       not the USAF, had this number.
P-940, Boeing 
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Redesignated {P-29}.
P-948, Northrop
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Fighter, based on the {FT} designed for the US Navy, but fitted
       with retractable landing gear. The XP-948 was intended as a
       possible successor to the {P-26}. The XP-948 (Northrop model 3A)
       disappeared on a demonstration flight, never to be seen again.
       Later it was alleged (of course without any proof) that the
       XP-948 was secretly handed over to the Japanese, who would have
       developed the Mitsubishi {A6M} 'Zero' from it...  
       Type: XP-948
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 750hp P&W R-1535
       Wing Span: 10.21m  Length: 6.78m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 17.37m2
       Empty Weight: 1769kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 434km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.1hrs
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
PA-1, Loening
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter, developed by Loening after the failure of the
       {PW-2} monoplane aircraft. The designation 'PA' meant 'Pursuit,
       air-cooled engine'. Two were built. Performance was
       unsatisfactory. It was the last Loening fighter. 
       Type: PA-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 350hp Wright R-1454
       Wing Span: 8.53m  Length: 6.02m  Height: 2.64m  Wing Area: 26.29m2
       Empty Weight: 697kg  Max.Weight: 1117kg
       Speed: 234km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
PB, Boeing 
       (S-USA-A-PUE-LN-N-ARW4)
       Naval version of the {B-17}. The PB-1G was stripped of armament and
       fitted with equipment for SAR missions. The PB-1W was a conversion
       with an AN/APS-20 early-warning radar, as ASW and AEW aircraft.
PB-1, Berliner-Joyce
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1|AR1)
       PB stood for 'Pursuit Biplace', two-seat fighter. The PB-1 was
       known as the {P-16} before this designation was introduced.
PB-2, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       The {P-30}, redesignated PB for Pursuit Biplace.
       Type: PB-2A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 700hp Curtiss V-1570-61
       Empty Weight: 4306lb  Max.Weight: 5643lb
       Speed: 441km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 817km
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm 10*b17lb
PB2B, Boeing 
       (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       {PBY} built by Boeing. The PB2B-1 and PB2B-2 were equivalent to
       the PBY-5 and PBY-6A.
PB2M Mars, Martin
       (S-USA-AF-PB-HN-N-ARW4)
       Patrol-bomber flying boat. The production version was the
       {JRM} transport.
PB2Y Coronado, Consolidated
       (S-USA-AF-RA-HN-N-ARW4)
       Flying boat. Intended to replace the {PBY}, but never had the
       success of its precursor, although it was popular with its
       crews. The PB2Y was a large, four-engined aircraft with twin
       tail fins. Some were also used as transports, because of their 
       capacious fuselage; these PB2Y-3R or PB2Y-5R versions had all
       armament removed and the gun turrest positions faired over.
       210 were built.
       Type: PB2Y-3
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1941  Crew: 10  Engines: 4 * 895kW P&W R-1830-88
       Wing Span: 35.05m  Length: 24.16m  Height: 8.38m  Wing Area: 165.36m2
       Empty Weight: 18568kg  Max.Weight: 30844kg
       Speed: 359km/h  Ceiling: 6250m  Range: 3815km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm, 5443kg
       Type: PB2Y-3R
       Function: transport
       Year: 1941  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 1200 P&W R-1830-92
       Speed: 310km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1710km
       Freight: 7246kg, 44 seats
PB4Y, Consolidated
       (S-USA-A-PB-HN-N-ARW4)
       The PB4Y-1 was the {B-24} Liberator in naval use. The
       PB4Y-2 Privateer was a development of the late single-tail
       B-24N Liberator. It could be recognized by its single tail,
       waist gunner bulges, and different positioning of the oil
       coolers.
       Type: PB4Y-2
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1944  Crew: 11  Engines: 4 * 990kW P&W R-1830-94
       Speed: 381km/h   Ceiling: 6300m  Range: 4500km
       Armament: 12*mg12.7mm, 2725kg
PBB Sea Ranger, Boeing
       (S-USA-AF-HN-N-ARW2)
       The PBB was a long-range flying boat, the largest twin-engined
       aircraft of its time. It had a deep fuselage, a shoulder wing
       incorporating bomb bays, and five gun turrets. The theoretical
       range of 17700km was achieved with overload auxiliary tanks and
       a boosted start. Despite its size, the PBB had very good
       performance, and reports were enthusiastic. But PBB production
       was abandoned in order to speed up that of the {B-29}, and only
       one was ever built. It continued to fly until 1947.
       Type: XPBB-1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1943  Crew: 11  Engines: 2 * 1470kW Wright Duplex Cyclone
       Wing Span: 42.57m  Length: 28.88m  Height: 10.7m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 17700km
       Armament: 9060kg, 10*mg12.7mm
PBJ Mitchell, North American
       (S-USA-A-B-MN-N-ARW2)
       US Navy version of the twin-engined {B-25} bomber.
PBM Mariner, Martin
       (S-USA-AF-PB-HN-N-ARW2)
       Patrol and ASW flying boat, of which 1235 were built. The PBM
       was a big, but compact aircraft, with a gull wing, twin tail
       fins, and a strongly dihedralled tailplane. Some were delivered
       to Britain, Argentina, the Netherlands and Australia. The PBM-5A
       was a post-war amphibious version. 
       Type: PBM-3D
       Function: reconaissance / ASW
       Year: 1942  Crew: 9  Engines: 2 * 1400kW Wright R-2600-22
       Wing Span: 24.33m  Length:   Height: 8.38m  Wing Area: 130.80m2
       Empty Weight: 15048kg  Max.Weight: 26308kg
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling: 5200m  Range: 4400km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm, 1800kg
PBN Nomad, Naval Aircraft Factory 
       (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       NAF developed a new version of the {PBY} Catalina, with changes
       to the wing, tail, and hull. The changes were adopted by
       Consolidated in the PBY-6 production model. 
PBO, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       Navy designation of the {A-29} Hudson.
PBS, Sikorsky
       (S-USA-AF-PB-HN-N-ARW4)
       Large patrol flying boat. It did not enter production, but was
       the precursor of the VS-44 commercial flying boat.
       Type: XPBS-1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1937  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 783kW P&W XR-1830-68
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
PBV, Canadian Vickers 
       (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       License-built {PBY}.
PBY Catalina, Consolidated
       (S-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       The most famous flying boat of WWII. The Catalina carried its big
       wing on a pylon on top of the fuselage. The PBY had a long range
       and was very reliable. Its disadvantage was slowness, which made
       it vulnerable. The PBY-5A and PBY-6A were amphibian versions; all
       other Catalinas were flying boats. The PBY was also built in the
       USSR and Canada. Its users included Britain, France, the USSR,
       Australia, the Netherlands, Canada, and Denmark. 
       Type: PBY-5A
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1939  Crew: 7  Engines: 2 * 895kW P&W R-1830-92
       Wing Span: 31.70m  Length: 19.47m  Height: 6.15m  Wing Area: 130.06m2
       Empty Weight: 9845kg  Max.Weight: 16066kg
       Speed: 288km/h  Ceiling: 4480m  Range: 4096km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 3*mg7.62mm, 1814kg
PD, Douglas
       (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2)      
       Twin-engined patrol flying boat, modification of {PN}.
       Type: PD-1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1931  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 429kW R-1820
       Max. Speed: 194km/h  Ceiling: 3540m  Max. Range: 
       Armament:
PF, Grumman
       Patrol version of the Grumman {UF} Albatross. One tested
       by the USN in 1948.
PG-1, Aeromarine
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       The PG-1 was designed as fighter and front attack aircraft. It
       was a Nieuport-style sesquiplane with a lower wing of smaller
       chord. The PG-1 had heavy armour and carried a 37mm gun, but
       it was also a bad performer, and the view from the cockpit was
       extremely poor. Two built.
       Type: PG-1
       Function: fighter / attack
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 345hp Packard 1A-1116
       Wing Span: 12.19m  Length: 7.47m  Height: 2.44m  Wing Area: 36.13m2
       Empty Weight: 1374kg  Max.Weight: 1777kg
       Speed: 209km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 314km
       Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg12.7mm
PH, Hall
       (I-USA-AF-R-B-N-ARB2)
       Flying boat, 24 built. Last US biplane flying boat. Development of
       the Naval Aircraft Factory {PN}.
       Type: PH-3
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1936  Crew: 6  Engines: 2 * 550kW R-1820-F51
       Speed: 256km/h   Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 3120km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm, 454kg
Pigeon-Fraser Pursuit
       (I-USA-A-F-HN-N-AR1)
       Single-seat, shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The biplane fighter
       was the standard of the time. And this aircraft, with is big wing
       span, was too slow and too unreliable to change that opinion. Two
       built.
       Type: Pigeon-Fraser
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome
       Wing Span: 11.56m  Length: 7.31m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 567kg
       Speed: 166km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: (1*mg)
PJ, General Aviation
       (I-USA-AF-P-HN-N-ARO1)
       Twin-engined rescue flying boat, a larger development of the
       Fokker F.11 amphibian, tested by the USAAC as the {C-16}. The
       PJ-1 had pusher, the PJ-2 tractor propellers.
       Type: PJ-1
       Function: reconaissance / SAR
       Year:    Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 420hp P&W Wasp
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
PK, Keystone
       (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2)
       Development of the {PN}. All-metal biplane flying boat.
       Type: PK-1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1933  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 575hp Wright Cyclone
       Speed: 192km/h   Ceiling: 12000ft  Range:
       Armament:
PM, Martin 
       (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ARB2)
       Biplane flying boat.
       Type: PM-1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1931  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 550hp Wright Cyclone
       Speed: 197km/h   Ceiling: 2200m  Range: 2320km
       Armament:
PN-1, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Single-seat nightfighter, designed by the Engineering Division
       of the US Army. Great care was applied to get good low-speed
       handling characteristics, viewed as essential for night landings.
       Only one was built. 
       Type: PN-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Liberty L-825
       Wing Span: 9.40m  Length: 7.16m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 27.87m2
       Empty Weight: 740kg  Max.Weight: 1048kg
       Speed: 174km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 410km
       Armament: 
PN, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (I-USA-AF-P-B-N-ILB2|ARB2)
       Biplane flying boat. The NAF built a long series of such aircraft
       to develop and refine the design. Many were built by Martin, Douglas
       or Keystone, as the {PD}, {PM} and {PK}. Later Hall built a number
       of all-metal {PH} developments.
       Type: PN-12
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1931  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright R-1570D Cyclone
       Wing Span: 22.20m  Length: 14.99m  Height: 5.11m  Wing Area: 113.06m2
       Empty Weight: 3479kg  Max.Weight: 6406kg
       Speed: 182km/h  Ceiling: 3325m  Range: 2080km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 4*b104kg
PO, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-E-LN-N-ARW4)
       Radar AEW version of the Super Constellation.
PS-1, Dayton-Wright
       (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-AR1)
       The PS-1 was an advanced interceptor, a parasol wing monoplane
       with retractable landing gear. Three prototypes were built, but
       the type was not accepted.
       Type: PS-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Lawrence J-1
       Wing Span: 9.14m  Length: 5.84m  Height:   Wing Area: 13.28m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 778kg
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
PT, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (?-USA-AF-P-?-?-?)
PT-1, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Development of {TW-3}.
       Type: PT-1
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1924  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 180hp Wright E
       Speed: 166km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
PT-3, Consolidated 
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Version of {PT-1} with 164kW Wright J-5
PT-8, Consolidated 
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Developed from the {O-17}.
PT-11, Consolidated
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Training biplane. Version of {BT-7}.
       Type: PT-11
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp P&W Wasp Junior
       Speed: 256km/h   Ceiling: 6924m  Range:
       Armament:
PT-13 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Trainer, of mixed construction, with a Lycoming R-680 engine.
       Also built as {PT-17} with a Jacobs engine, and as {NS} and
       {N2S} for the USN. Most built (8584) US biplane trainer. Some
       of them are still flying.
       Type: PT-13
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 160kW Lycoming R-680-5
       Max. Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling: 3400m  Max. Range: 750km
       Armament: none
PT-14, Waco
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Two-seat trainer biplane, a militarized version of the Waco
       UPF-7 and YPF-7. The USAAC bought 13 aircraft for evaluation,
       but concluded that the {PT-13} was a more suitable aircraft. 
       However, 631 were delivered to civilian training institutes,
       which were to provide a pool of trained pilots for the event
       of war. 
       Type: PT-14
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1939   Crew: 2  Engines:  1 * 220hp Continental R-670-3
       Wing Span: 9.14m  Length: 7.16m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1202kg
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling: 4880m  Range: 640km
PT-16, Ryan
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1)
       This was the basic model of the PT-16, {PT-20}, {PT-21}, and
       {PT-22} series of simple monoplane trainers. 
       Type: PT-16
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1939  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 93kW Menasco L-365-1
       Wing Span: 9.14m  Length: 6.55m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 726kg
       Speed: 241km/h   Ceiling: 5340m  Range: 560km
PT-17 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman 
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Version of the {PT-13} with a 220hp Continental R-670-5 engine.
PT-18 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman 
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Another variation on the {PT-13}, this time with an Jacobs
       R-755 engine of 225hp.
PT-19 Cornell, Fairchild
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1)
       Monoplane training aircraft with open cockpits and fixed landing
       gear. Other versions were the {PT-23} and {PT-26}. Production of
       the PT-19 was 4845. Its only fault was probably that it was too
       easy too fly, which was not good for training. It was later
       replaced by the PT-17.
       Type: PT-19A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 175hp Ranger L-440-1
       Wing Span: 10.65m  Length: 8.48m  Height: 2.25m  Wing Area: 18.4m2
       Empty Weight: 855kg  Max.Weight: 1260kg
       Max. Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling: 3965m  Max. Range: 690km
PT-20, Ryan 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of {PT-16}, powered by the R-440 radial engine. 
PT-21, Ryan 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {PT-16} with a 130hp Kinner R-440 radial.
       This was also installed in some PT-16s and {PT-20}s. 
PT-22 Recruit, Ryan 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {PT-16}. The PT-22 had a 160hp Kinner R-540
       radial engine. It wasn't easy to fly and had a high accident
       rate. 1023 built until end of production in 1942.
       Type: PT-22
       Function: trainer
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 119kW Kinner R-540-1
       Wing Span: 9.17m  Length: 6.83m  Height: 2.08m  Wing Area: 12.47m2
       Empty Weight: 596kg  Max.Weight: 844kg
       Speed: 211km/h  Ceiling: 4725m  Range: 566km
PT-23, Ryan
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       {PT-19} with an 220hp Continental R-670-11 engine. About 6900 built. 
PT-24 Tiger Moth, de Havilland
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AI1)
       British biplane trainer. The USAAF ordered 200, but they were
       used by the RCAF.
PT-25, Ryan 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1)
       Trainer, similar to the {PT-16} but an entirely new design, built
       from nonstrategic materials.
       Type: PT-25
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1943  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 185hp Lycoming O-435-1
       Speed: 239km/h   Ceiling: 6190m  Range: 605km
       Armament:
PT-26 Cornell, Ryan 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1)
       Version of the {PT-19} for Canada.
       Type: PT-26A
       Function: trainer
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 149kW Ranger L-440-7
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 8.45m  Height: 2.32m  Wing Area: 18.58m2
       Empty Weight: 917kg  Max.Weight: 1241kg
       Speed: 196km/h  Ceiling: 4025m  Range: 644km
       Armament: 
PT-27 Kaydet, Boeing-Stearman 
       (S-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Version of the {PT-17} for the Canadian Air Force.
PTBH, Hall
       (I-USA-AF-AB-B-N-ARB2)
       The XPTBH-2 was a torpedo-bomber flying boat developed from
       the {PH}. The Navy did not ask for such aircraft...
PV, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-PB-MN-N-ARW2)
       The PV-2 Harpoon and PV-1,3,7 Ventura were sea patrol and ASW
       aircraft, developed from the model 18 Lodestar. Compared with
       the {A-28} and {A-29} Hudson the Ventura was more powerful and
       better armed, but it had a shorter range because it did not
       carry more fuel. The Harpoon was a long-range version of the
       Ventura.
       Type: PV-1
       Function: reconaissance / bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1491kW P&W R-2800-31
       Wing Span: 19.96m  Length: 15.77m  Height: 3.63m  Wing Area: 51.19m2
       Empty Weight: 9161kg  Max.Weight: 14096kg
       Speed: 518km/h  Ceiling: 8015m  Range: 2189km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm 1361kg
       Type: PV-2
       Function: reconaissance / ASW
       Year: 1944  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 1470kW P&W R-2800-31
       Speed: 453km/h   Ceiling: 7300m  Range: 3550km
       Armament: 9*mg12.7mm, 2720kg
PW-1, Engineering Division
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane fighter, basically a derivative of the {VCP-1} with a new
       fuselage of tubular steel construction. Only one built. 
       Type: PW-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 350hp Packard 1A-1237
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 6.86m  Height: 2.54m  Wing Area: 24.99m2
       Empty Weight: 938kg  Max.Weight: 1363kg
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 
PW-2, Loening
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-IL1)
       Experimental parasol-wing monoplane fighter. Ten were built,
       most of them with a 300hp Wright-Hispano engine. When the wings
       and fuselage of one came apart in flight, the program ended.
       Type: PW-2A
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 300hp Wright H
       Wing Span: 12.11m  Length: 7.94m  Height: 2.46m  Wing Area: 27.78m2
       Empty Weight: 851kg  Max.Weight: 1270kg
       Max. Speed: 219km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament:
       Type:
PW-3, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-?1)
       This was a development of the Orenco-Curtiss {D}. It was not flown,
       because the wing showed structural weakness during ground trials.
       Three built.
PW-5, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1)
       The Fokker {F.VI} parasol-wing monoplane fighter was tested by the
       USAAS in 1921, which ordered 10 more. Structure was similar to
       that of the celebrated Fokker transports: a steel tube fuselage,
       and a thick cantilever wooden wing with horn-balanced ailerons.
       Twelve were built. 
       Type: PW-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921 Crew: 1  Engine: 1 * 300hp Wright-Hispano H-2
       Wing Span: 12.02m  Length: 7.94m  Height: 2.74m  Wing Area: 22.95m2
       Empty Weight: 878kg  Max.Weight: 1218kg
       Max.Speed: 232km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm b
PW-6, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       The PW-6 was the final development of the Fokker D.VII, famous
       German fighter of the end of WWI. To Fokker it was known as the
       D.IX. It offered only a marginally better performance than the
       D.VII. One built. 
       Type: PW-6
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921 Crew: 1   Engines: 1 * 220kW Hispano Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 8.99m  Length: 7.09m  Height: 2.74m  Wing Area: 22.11m2
       Empty Weight: 874kg  Max.Weight: 1253kg
       Max. Speed: 223km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 471km
       Armament: 2*mg
PW-7, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Sesquiplane fighter, of the familiar Fokker mixed construction. Most
       of the production (125) went to Russia, that used it as first-line
       fighter until 1929. Also sold to Argentina, Rumania (50), Spain, and 
       Switzerland (2). 177 built. Three were evaluated by the USAAC as
       PW-7. The latter had 440hp Curtiss V-1150 (Curtiss D-12) engines. 
       Type: D.XI
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.67m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 21.80m2
       Empty Weight: 865kg  Max.Weight: 1250kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 440km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
PW-8, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       This was the first of the Curtiss Hawk series. The PW-8 was based
       on the new and very successfull Curtiss D-12 engine. It was a biplane
       of mixed construction. Later developments were renamed {P-1}. 
       Only 25 built.        
       Type: PW-8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 315kW Curtiss D-12
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 6.86m  Height: 2.69m  Wing Area: 26.66m2
       Empty Weight: 994kg  Max.Weight: 1429kg
       Max. Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 708km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*7.62mm
PW-9, Boeing
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Biplane fighter, Boeing's first. The PW-9 was a single-bay biplane
       of mixed construction. The lower wing had a shorter span than the
       upper one, and the engine was the successful Curtiss D-12. 113 built.
       Type: PW-9
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 320kW Curtiss D-12
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
PY Admiral, Martin
       (I-USA-AF-P-PN-N-ARW2)
       The PY was designed by the Naval Aircraft Factory and built by
       Martin; in that days construction was awarded to the designer
       who could build it at the lowest price. The aircraft was in
       fact assigned to Consolidated, hence the Y. A civil version
       was sold as the Consolidated Commodore. A sesquiplane development
       became the {P2Y}. 
--Q---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q-3 DarkStar, Martin/Boeing
       The RQ-3 is a "Tier III Minus" stealthy UAV. The first flight was
       made in 1998.
Q-4 Global Hawk, Teledyne Ryan
       A "Tier II Plus" UAV, a long-range UAV to operate at high altitude.
       The RQ-4 is expected to be complementary to the RQ-3. First flight
       was made in February 1998. 
--R---------------------------------------------------------------------------
R-1, Platt-Le Page
       (S-USA-H-X-2R3-AR1)
       The R-1 helicopter had a large wing with rotors fitted on the wing
       tips, and a fuselage with a conventional aircraft tail and a glazed
       nose. Only two were built.
       Type: XR-1A
       Function: utility
       Year: 1943  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * kW P&W R-985-AN-1
       Span: 64ft  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:    Ceiling:   Range:
       Load:
R.1, Verville-Packard
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1)
       This was the first racing aircraft built for the USAAC, a clean
       biplane. It was the modified VCP-1 fighter prototype. 
       Type: R.1
       Function: racing
       Year: 1920  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 638hp Packard 1A-2025
       Speed: 299km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
R-1, Lockheed
       (P|M-USA-A-R|E-MN-N-J1)
       The TR-1 was a tactical recce version of the U-2R, but the new
       designation reflected a change in role rather than a change in
       the aircraft. The TR-1 has a side-looking radar to look 55km
       'over the border', flying high on the own side. This was the
       third production run of the {U-2}. Later the USAF abandoned the
       TR-1 designation and all aircraft were renamed U-2R, because the
       differences between U-2R and TR-1 were very minor.
       Type: TR-1A
       Task: Tactical reconaissance.
       Year: 1981  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 75.6kN P&W J75-P-13B
       Max. Speed: 692km/h  Ceiling: 27430m  Max. Range: +4830km
       Armament:
R-2, Kellett
       (I-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1)
       The XR-2 autogiro never flew. It was a development of the {G-1},
       with a cleaner landing gear and a 285hp Jacobs R-915 engine. It
       was destroyed during ground running tests.
R2C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1)
       Development of the {CR}.
       Type: R2C-1
       Task: racing
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 360kW Curtiss D-12A
       Max. Speed: 420km/h  Ceiling: 9700m  Max. Range:
       Armament: none
R2D, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy version of {C-32}, a militarized DC-2.
R2K, Fairchild
       (?-USA-A-C-PN-N-AR1|AI1)
       Fairchild model 22, a two-seat parasol wing monoplane. The R2K-1 was
       radial-engined, but there were versions with inline engines.
R2O, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy designation of Lockheed 10A, that was in USAAC service as
       the {C-36}. 
R2Y, Consolidated Vultee
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4)
       Model 39 transport. Used PB4Y Privateer wings and tail, but a
       new fuselage. One built. The aircraft went to American Airlines.
       Type: R2Y-1
       Function: transport
       Year:      Crew:   Engines: 4 * P&W R-1830-94
       Wing Span: 33.55m  Length: 27.45m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 29100kg
       Speed: 384km/h   Ceiling:    Range: 6400km
       Load: 48 seats, 5450kg
R-3, Kellett 
       (I-USA-R-R-R3-N-AR1)
       Autogiro developed from the {G-1}. It was used to develop a rotor
       system for the R-8. 
R-3, Verville-Sperry
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1)
       Racing aircraft. It won the Pulitzer trophy of 1924 with an
       average speed of 349km/h.
       Type: R-3
       Task: racing
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 370kW Curtiss D-12
       Max. Speed: 355km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
R-3, Navy Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1)
       Won the Schneider Trophy of 1923 with an average speed of 286km/h.
       Type: R-3
       Task: racing
       Year: 1923 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 340kW Curtiss D-12
       Max. Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
R-3, Lockheed 
       (M-USA-A-R-LN-N-TW4)
       Version of the {P-3} used for geomagnetic cartography.
R-3, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-R-D-F-J2)
       The TR-3 or 'Black Manta' is rumoured to be a Stealth flying-wing
       spy-plane. Its existence has not been admitted by the USAF.
       Reports claim that the TR-3 is a single-seat, twin-engined flying
       wing aircraft, with a curved trailing edge. It is claimed to have
       been active during 'Desert Storm', in cooperation with the {F-117}.
       Type: TR-3A
       Function: reconaissance
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * G.E. F404
       Wing Span: 19m  Length: 13m  Height: 4.3m  Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 28120kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 5630km
       Armament:
R3C, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A|AS-*-B-N-IL1)
       Development of the {R2C}. Won the Schneider Trophy in 1925 with an
       average speed of 374km/h.
       Type: R3C-2
       Task: racing
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 455kW Curtiss V-1400
       Max. Speed: 400km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
R3D, Douglas
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       Rather unsuccessful high-wing transport, the Douglas DC-5. It had
       a poorer performance than the DC-3 and no real advantages. Twelve
       were built, including three for the USN, four for the USMC, and
       five for the Dutch airline KLM --- three of these became {C-110}s
       in USAAF service. Japan used a captured example as crew trainer. 
       Type: DC-5
       Function: transport
       Year: 1942   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 900hp Wright GR-1820-G102A
       Wing Span: 23.77m  Length: 19.05m  Height: 6.05m  Wing Area: 76.55m2
       Empty Weight: 6202kg  Max.Weight: 9072kg
       Speed: 370km/h  Ceiling: 7230m  Range: 2575km
       Freight: 16 seats
R3O, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy designation for the Lockheed 12. See also {C-40}. 
R3Q Reliant, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The USCG bought a few Stinson Reliants for evaluation. The type
       was also known in military service as {L-12}, U{C-81}, {AT-19},
       and {RQ}. 
R3Y Tradewind, Convair
       (P-USA-AF-C-HN-N-TW4)
       The {P5Y} patrol flying boat was converted to the R3Y transport.
       Eleven were built, six of them R3Y-2s with raised cockpits and a
       hinged nose to allow front loading. It was published as an
       amhibious "landing craft". Soon all R3Ys were converted to airborne
       tankers. Their career was short, also because of engine problems,
       a fate common to all aircraft powered by the Allison T40. 
       Type: R3Y-2
       Function: transport
       Year: 1955  Crew: 5  Engines : 4 * 4100kW Allison T40-A-10
       Wing Span: 44.42m  Length: 42.60m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 72576kg
       Speed: 563km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 6437km
       Freight: 21750kg
R4, Curtiss
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat bomber first flown in 1915. Used for training.
       Type: R4
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 200hp Curtiss V-2
       Max. Speed: 90mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 
       Armament: 1020lbs
R-4 Hoverfly, Sikorsky
       (S-USA-H-TU-R3-N-AR1)
       Sikorsky VS-316.  First operational helicopter used by the USAAF,
       the R-4 was a development of the original VS-300. A few saw service
       during WWII, flying casevac missions in Burma. 130 built.
       Type: YR-4B
       Function: utility
       Year: 1943  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 147kW Warner R-550-3
       Speed: 131km/h   Ceiling: 2440m  Range: 370km
       Load: 150kg
R4C Condor, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-A-C-B-N-ARW2)
       Two BT-32 Condor biplane transports operated by the USN. See
       also {C-30}. 
       Type: R4C-1
       Function: transport
       Year:  1934  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 720hp Wright R-1820F2
       Wing Span: 25.0m  Length: 14.8m  Height:   Wing Area: 112m2
       Empty Weight: 5550kg  Max.Weight: 7940kg
       Speed: 306km/h  Ceiling: 7010m  Range: 1152km
       Load:  1178kg
R4D, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy designation of the DC-3/C-47 family. The R4D-1 to R4D-8 were
       equivalent to the the {C-47}, {C-49}, {C-53}, C-53C, C-47A, C-47B,
       TC-47B and YC-47F / Y{C-129}.
R4O, Lockheed 
       (S-USA-A-PB-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy designation for Lockheed 14 Super Electra. The USAAF also
       had some, designated {C-111}. 
R4Q Flying Boxcar, Fairchild 
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-T-ARW2)
       Navy designation for the {C-82} (R4Q-1) and {C-119} (R4Q-2). 
R4Y, Convair
       (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Version of the Convair 440 airliner for the USN. 1958.
R-5, Sikorsky
       (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AR1)
       Two-seat observation helicopter, twice as large as the {R-4}.
       Type: R-5A
       Function: observation / utility
       Year:    Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-985-AN-1
       Speed: 144km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
       Load: up to four litters, carried externally.
R5C, Curtiss 
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       Navy version of the {C-46}.
R5D, Douglas
       (S-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       Navy version of the {C-54}.
R5O, Lockheed
       (S-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW2)
       Navy version of {C-56}, {C-59} and {C-60}.
R6, Curtiss
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1)
       Development of the {R4} with a 200hp Curtiss or Liberty engine.
R-6, Sikorsky
       (S-USA-H-UR-R3-N-AI1)
       Utility helicopter, designed as a successor to the {R-4}.
       Some R-6 did serve in Birma during the last months of WWII.
       Type: R-6A
       Function: utility
       Year: 1944  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 245hp Franklin O-405-9
       Speed: 161km/h    Ceiling: 3050m  Range:
       Load: two litters, carried externally.
R-6, Army Curtiss
       (I-USA-A-*-B-N-IL1)
       Racing aircraft, a smaller development of the {CR}. Won the Pulitzer
       Trophy of 1922 with an average speed of 331km/h.
       Type: R-6
       Task: racing
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 340kW Curtiss CD
       Max. Speed: 386km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
R6D, Douglas 
       (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW4)
       Renamed {C-118}.
R6O Constitution, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW4)
       Renamed {R6V}.
R6V Constitution, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-C-MN-N-ARW4)
       Large but underpowered troop-transport aircraft intended for
       use in the Pacific. Two built.
       Type: XR6V-1
       Year: 1946  Crew: 12   Engines: 4 * 2200kW P&W
       Speed:            Ceiling:       Range:
       Freight: 168 seats
R7O Constellation, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4|TW4)
       Renamed {R7V}.
R7V Constellation, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-C|E-LN-N-ARW4|TW4)
       Navy version of the {C-121} Constellation. The R7V-2 had P&W T34
       turboprops and a top speed of 640km/h.
R-8, Kellett
       (S-USA-H-U-2R2-N-AI1)
       Helicopter, two built. It had a small egg-shaped fuselage which
       tapered into a very deep tail structure. It had two-bladed
       intermeshing rotors.
       Type: XR-8
       Function: experimental helicopter 
       Year: 1944  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 245hp Franklin O-405-9
       Rotor Span: 40ft  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 2320lb  Max.Weight: 2975lb
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
R8V Hercules, Lockheed 
       (M-USA-A-C|K|E-HN-N-TW4)
       Renamed {C-130}.
R9, Curtiss 
       (F-USA-A-B-B-N-IL1)
       Development of the {R4} bomber with a 200hp Liberty engine.
       Had the distinction of being the first US built military
       aircraft to serve abroad.
R-9, Firestone
       (P-USA-H-X-?-?-?)
       Experimental rotorcraft, 1946.
R-10, Kellett 
       (S-USA-H-U-2R2-N-AI1)
       Utility helicopter, broadly based on the {R-8}. The two engines
       were installed in nacelles on the sides of a compact, box-like
       fuselage. It retained the intermeshing rotors and intermeshing
       two-bladed rotors. It was at the time the largest helicopter
       under development for the USAF. One built.
       Type: XR-10
       Function: utility
       Year: 1947  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 525hp Continental R-975-15
       Rotor Span: 65ft  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 15500lb
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Load: 10 seats
R-11, Hughes 
       (S-USA-A-R-HN-T-AR2)
       Former {F-11}.
R-12 Rainbow, Republic 
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-N-ARW4)
       Former {F-12}.
R-13, Bell 
       (P-USA-H-U-R2-N-T1|AR1)
       Renamed {H-13}.
R-15, Northrop
       (S-USA-A-R-MN-T-ARW2)
       Formerly {F-15}.
R-16, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-R-HS-N-JU8)
       Reconnaissance version of the {B-52}. Later renamed RB-52.
R-71, Lockheed
       (M-USA-A-R-LD-N-JW2)
       The SR-71 is a famous Mach 3+ spy plane. This is the fastest
       aircraft ever known to be in service with an air force. The large,
       delta-winged SR-71 gets is performance from the unusual J-58
       engines, that act at as ramjets at high altitude and speed. It
       was related to the the Y{F-12} fighter and its precessor, the A-12
       CIA-operated spy aircraft. Recently, the a number of SR-71s was put
       back in service from a premature retirement.
       Type: SR-71A
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1966  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 14740kg P&W J-58
       Wing Span: 16.94m  Length: 32.74m  Height: 5.64m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 77111kg
       Max. Speed: 3715km/h  Ceiling: 26000m  Max. Range: 4800km
       Armament: none
RA, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2)
       Navy version of the Fokker {C-2}, previously known as the TA. The
       RA-4 was the equivalent of the {C-5}, but this was cancelled.
Ranger 2000, Rockwell/ DASA
       (M-D&USA-A-T-MN-N-TP1)
       The Ranger 2000 is a turbofan-powered derivative of the RFB
       Fantrainer. It is offered to the JPATS competition of the USAF.
       Type: Ranger 2000
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1993  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 14.23kN P&WC JT15D-5C
       Wing Span: 10.45m  Length: 10.91m  Height: 3.90m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 3583kg 
       Speed: 630km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 970km
RB Conestoga, Budd
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       For a 1942 design the RB transport looks very modern, with a
       shoulder wing, an upswept tail and a loading ramp. It was built
       mainly of steel, as an insurance against shortages of light
       alloys. To create an unobstructed cargo hold, the wing spars
       did not pass through the cabin, and the cockpit was lifted high.
       The RB could carry a larger load than a C-47, could fly up to
       6435km with auxiliary tanks installed, could land on rough
       fields, and had excellent flying characteristics. But there never
       was an aluminium shortage, so the need for the RB disappeared. 
       The USAAF cancelled its order of 600 {C-93}s, and the USN bought
       17 RB-1's instead of 200. Budd was refused permission to put the
       Conestoga on the civilan market, but some of the 26 built ended
       there. 
       Type: RB-1
       Function: transport
       Year: 1944  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1050hp P&W R-1830-92
       Wing Span:   Length: 20.7m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 317km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 2897km
       Freight: 4717kg
RD, Douglas 
       (M-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF2)
       Navy version of the {C-21}, {C-26} and {C-29} series.
RE, Bellanca
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1)
       USN version of the Bellanca CH-400 Skyrocket civil light transport.
       The CH-400 was a high-wing aircraft with with fixed landing gear and
       streamlined, aerofoil-section wing struts. The USN bought three: The
       XRE-1 was used for radio trials, the XRE-2 as a light transport, and
       the RE-3 served as an ambulance aircraft.
       Type: 31-42 Senior Skyrocket
       Function: transport
       Year: 1935  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 410kW P&W Wasp S3H1
       Speed: 306km/h  Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 2060km
       Load: 8 seats
RM, Martin
       (P-USA-A-C-LN-N-ARW2)
       VIP transport, the USCG version of the Martin 4-0-4 airliner.
       Later renamed {C-3}.
       Type: 4-0-4
       Function: transport
       Year: 1951  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * P&W R-2800-CB16
       Wing Span: 28.4m  Length: 22.7m  Height: 8.6m  Wing Area: 80.2m2
       Empty Weight: 13221kg  Max.Weight: 20366kg
       Speed: 502km/h   Ceiling: 8845m  Range: 4160km
       Load: 40 seats
RN Reliant, Stinson 
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       Navy designation for the U{C-81}. Lend-Lease to GB.
RO, Lockheed
       (I-USA-A-C-LN-N-AR1)
       One Lockheed DL-2A Altair was delivered to the USN as VIP
       transport. See also {C-23}.
ROE Rotorcycle, Hiller
       (P-USA-H-R-R?-*-?1)
       The XROE-1 was a small, foldable, one-man helicopter. Eleven built.
       Type: YROE-1
       Function: utility
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Nelson
RQ Reliant, Stinson 
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The USCG bought a few Stinson Reliants for evaluation. The type
       was also known in military service as {L-12}, U{C-81}, {AT-19},
       {RN}, and {R3Q}. 
RR, Ford
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARU2&AR1)
       USN version of Ford TriMotor.
RY, Consolidated 
       (S-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW4)
       The RY-1 and RY-2 were {C-87}s in USN service. The RY-3 was a
       transport version of the {PB4Y}-2 Privateer.
--S---------------------------------------------------------------------------
S-2 Tracker, Grumman 
       (P-USA-AC-A|R|C-HN-N-ARW2)
       Classic ASW aircraft, a twin-engined shoulder-wing aircraft.
       The S-2 was compact and ugly, with a retractable MAD boom and
       ventral search radar. Launchers for sonobouys were incorporated
       in the engine nacelles. The S-2 had a long career, and some are
       still in service: Brazil retired its last S-2 from carrier service
       in 1997. Other S-2s have a second life as firefighting aircraft
       --- sometimes reengined with turboprops. In military service,
       some were modified to US-2 light transports or RS-2 reconaissance
       aircraft. The {E-1} Tracker and {C-1} Trader were AEW and COD
       versions of the S-2. 
       Type: S-2E
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1952  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1120kW Wright R-1820-82WA
       Wing Span: 22.12m  Length: 13.26m  Height: 5.05m  Wing Area: 46.08m2
       Empty Weight: 8505kg  Max.Weight: 13222kg
       Speed: 425km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 2100km
       Armament: 2180kg
S2F Sentinel, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-AR-HN-N-ARW2)
       Renamed {S-2} Tracker.
S-3 Viking, Lockheed
       (M-USA-AC-AP|E-HN-N-JU2)
       ASW aircraft that replaced the {S-2} Tracker. The S-3 is a compact
       shoulder-wing aircraft with two jet engines in underwing nacelles.
       Development was relative trouble-free. The S-3B introduced a much
       modernized avionics suite. After the end of the Cold War, the S-3
       took an increasing part in operations against surface vessels.
       The USN bought a 'buddy pack' refuelling system for the S-3, using 
       it as tanker instead of buying a dedicating aircraft. There also 
       is an US-3 six-seat utility transport, with a modified fuselage and
       large wing pods. The ES-3 Shadow electronic warfare aircraft replaced
       the EA-3B as SIGINT aircraft.
       Type: S-3A
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1974  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 41.25kN G.E. TF34-GE-2
       Wing Span: 20.93m  Length: 16.26m  Height: 6.93m  Wing Area: 55.55m2
       Empty Weight: 12088kg  Max.Weight: 19278kg
       Speed: 834km/h   Ceiling: 10670m  Range: 5560km
       Armament:
S-3, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-T-N-IL1)
       Triplane fighter, developed by Curtiss from its earlier S-2. Also
       known as the "Triplane Speed Scout". It was indeed designed for
       speed, with a sleek fuselage and initially a ducted spinner. Four
       were ordered by the Signal Corps. During their service life, they
       did not carry any armament.
       Type: S-3
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-3
       Wing Span: 7.62m  Length: 5.94m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 13.25m2
       Empty Weight: 440kg  Max.Weight: 599kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S3C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       Renamed {F10C}.
S-4, Thomas-Morse
       (S-USA-A-FT-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane fighter. Only used as advanced trainer.
       Type: S-4C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Max. Speed: 97mph  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament:
S4C, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-AR-B|PN-N-AR1)
       Was at first the {F12C}, and later renamed again {SBC}. See
       there.
S-5, Thomas-Morse
       (F-USA-AS-F-B-N-AR1)
       Single-seat seaplane fighter.
       Type: S-5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape
       Speed: 95mph  Ceiling:    Range:
       Armament:
S-6, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-F-T-N-IL1)
       Development of the {S-3}, with some refinements. The S-6 was also
       fitted with the armament already proposed for the S-3: Two 7.7mm
       Lewis guns, fitted to the central interplane struts, to fire above
       the airscrew. One built.
       Type: S-6
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Curtiss OXX-3
       Wing Span: 7.62m  Length: 5.94m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 13.25m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 625kg
       Speed: 177km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S-67 Blackhawk, Sikorsky
       (M-USA-H-A-R4-N-T2)
       Fast attack helicopter, a private venture which never received a
       military designation. The S-67 was a very advanced design, with
       and set a world speed record for helicopters of 349km/h. But it
       was not ordered. 
SA-16 Albatross, Grumman 
       (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       'SA' for 'Search Amphibian'. The SA-16 was later renamed H{U-16},
       see there.
SB2A Buccaneer, Brewster 
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       Dive bomber, developed by Brewster in parallel with the Curtiss
       {SB2C}. The two aircraft looked very similar. Handling and
       production problems caused two years delay, and the USN had
       no need for a new dive bomber when the SB2A was finally
       available. Many were used as target tugs, others were scrapped
       straight from the production line. 1052 built. 
       Type: SB2A-2
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1268kW Wright R-2600-8
       Wing Span: 14.33m  Length: 11.94m  Height: 4.70m  Wing Area: 35.21m2
       Empty Weight: 4501kg  Max.Weight: 6481kg
       Speed: 441km/h  Ceiling: 7590m  Range: 2690km
       Armament: 450kg 2*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.62mm
SB2C Helldiver, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       Carrier-based dive bomber. The SB2C was designed to combine a
       powerful engine and a large weapons load in a small airframe,
       as required for carrier operations. The SB2C was compact and
       dense, and its fuselage was inordinately small compared with
       the large wings and tail. The bad handling characteristics earned
       this dive bomber uncomplimentary nicknames. Its performance was
       little better than that of the older {SBD}. Nevertheless the USN
       fought several major battles with it, and over 7000 were built.
       Type: SB2C-4
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1400kW Wright R-2600-20
       Wing Span: 15.16m  Length: 11.18m  Height: 4.01m  Wing Area: 39.20m2
       Empty Weight: 4784kg  Max.Weight: 7537kg
       Speed: 475km/h  Ceiling: 8900m  Range: 3100km
       Armament: 2*g20mm, 2*mg12.7mm, 907kg
SB2D, Douglas
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       Intended as a successor to the {SBD}, the XSB2D-1 was an
       unspectacular aircraft. It was large, complicated and heavy,
       with a R-3350 radial engine, an inverted gull, laminar flow
       wing, two remote controlled gun turrets, and nosewheel landing
       gear. Two were built. The USN changed its policy, and the SB2D
       design was modified to become the single-seat {BTD}.
       Type: XSB2D-1
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 1641kW Wright R-3350-14
       Wing Span: 13.60m  Length: 11.75m  Height: 5.16m  Wing Area: 34.84m2
       Empty Weight: 5651kg  Max.Weight: 8682kg
       Speed: 574km/h  Ceiling: 8350m  Range:
       Armament: 6*mg12.7mm 2*b726kg
SB2U Vindicator, Vought
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       The SB2U combined biplane technology with a monoplane layout. It
       was a very important advance for the USN when it entered service,
       but already obsolete in 1940. Some were nevertheless used in WWII,
       with little success. The additional weight of combat equipment had
       very adverse effects on the performance of the SB2U.
       Type: SB2U-1
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1937  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 610kW P&W R-1535-96
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 10.36m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 402km/h   Ceiling: 8350m  Range: 1610km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 454kg
SB3C, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AC-AR-N?-N-AR1)
       Design for a heavy single-engined dive bomber, basically an
       enlarged SB2C with tricycle landing gear. The SB3C was cancelled
       to give Curtiss the opportunity to solve the problems with the
       {SB2C} first, and because performance was judged marginal
       anyway. Not built.
       Type: XSB3C-1
       Function: dive bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 1715kW Wright R-3350-8
       Wing Span: 14.63m  Length: 10.80m  Height: 5.03m  Wing Area: 35.12m2
       Empty Weight: 5017kg  Max.Weight: 7620kg
       Speed: 561km/h  Ceiling: 9085m  Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2*b726kg
SB3U, Vought
       (I-USA-AC-AR-B-N-AR1)
       The SB3U was offered to the USN as a biplane alternative to the
       monoplane {SB2U}. The USN decided to err on the safe side and order
       a last biplane dive bomber, but it was the {SBC} and not the SB3U.
       One built.
       Type: XSB3U-1
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 559kW R-1535-82
       Wing Span: 10.13m  Length: 8.59m  Height: 3.35m  Wing Area: 30.38m2
       Empty Weight: 1758kg  Max.Weight: 2648kg
       Speed: 344km/h  Ceiling: 8075m  Range: 
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 227kg
SBA, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (S-USA-AC-AR-MN-N-AR1)
       Prototype of the {SBN}. The XSBA-1 was developed and and built by
       Brewster. But production aircraft were built by the Naval Aircraft
       Factory, because Brewster lacked production capacity.
       Type: XSBA-1
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 708kW Wright R-1820-22
       Wing Span: 11.89m  Length: 8.61m  Height: 3.38m  Wing Area: 24.06m2
       Empty Weight: 1851kg  Max.Weight: 2709kg
       Speed: 422km/h  Ceiling: 8685m  Range: 1250km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
SBC Helldiver, Curtiss
       (I-USA-AC-AR-B|PN-N-AR1)
       Biplane dive-bomber, developed from the {F12C} parasol-wing fighter.
       The SBC-1 was a direct parasol-wing derivative of the F12C, the
       SBC-2 was a redesigned biplane. It was the last biplane dive bomber
       of the USN. Some originally ordered by France were used as trainers
       by the RAF, that called them Cleveland. The SBC was the last US-built
       combat biplane.
       Type: SBC-4
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1937  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 700kW Wright R-1820-34
       Wing Span: 10.36m  Length: 8.57m  Height: 3.17m  Wing Area: 29.45m2
       Empty Weight: 2065kg  Max.Weight: 3211kg
       Speed: 377km/h   Ceiling: 7315m  Range: 950km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 227kg
SBD Dauntless, Douglas
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       Carrier-based dive bomber, a development of the Northrop {BT}. 
       The SBD was a small aircraft, slow and vulnerable, and already
       considered obsolete when it entered service. Nevertheless it
       sparheaded the early offensives in the Pacific and served
       throughout WWII. If anything, it was an accurate dive-bomber
       and got ample opportunity to show it. Its largest success was
       the destruction of four Japanese carriers in the Battle of
       Midway. 
       Type: SBD-5
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 895kW Wright R-1820-60
       Wing Span: 12.66m  Length: 10.09m  Height: 4.14m
       Wing Area: 30.19m2
       Empty Weight: 2963kg  Max.Weight: 4854kg
       Speed: 407km/h  Ceiling: 7400m  Range: 2085km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 2*mg7.7mm, 1*b725kg, 2*b45kg
SBF Helldiver, Fairchild
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       {SB2C} Helldiver produced by Fairchild.
SBF, Grumman
       (I-USA-AC-AR-B-N-AR1)
       One XSBF-1 was an adaptation of the SF-1 capable to carry an 500lb
       bomb. (See {SF}, {FF})
SBN, Naval Aircraft Factory 
       (S-USA-AC-AR-MN-N-AR1)
       The SBN was a production development of the {SBA}. It was built
       by the NAF because Brewster did not have space. It was small
       and fast, but already obsolete when it entered service. 31 were
       built, and most used only as trainers.
       Type: SBN-1
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 700kW Wright R-1820-38
       Wing Span: 11.89m  Length: 8.43m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 24.06m2
       Empty Weight: 1851kg  Max.Weight: 3066kg
       Speed: 410km/h   Ceiling: 8700m  Range: 1630km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm, 1*mg7.7mm, 227kg
SBU, Vought
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1)
       Dive-bomber developed form the {F3U} two-seat fighter. 124
       were built for the USN, plus a small series for Argentina.
       They were relegated to training and liaison duties before WWII.
       Type: SBU-1
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 515kW P&W R-1535-80
       Wing Span: 10.13m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling: 7200m  Range: 880km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 227kg
SBW Helldiver, Canadian Car & Foundry
       (S-USA-AC-AR-LN-N-AR1)
       {SB2C} Helldiver produced by Canadian Car & Foundry.
SC, Curtiss
       (I-USA-A|AS-A-B-N-Il1)
       Torpedo bomber and recconaissance aircraft, built by Curtiss for the
       USN. Original designation was CS. The SC was built by Martin, which
       developed the {T2M}, {T3M}, and {T4M} from it. Great Lakes later
       developed the {TG} from the T4M. 1925.
SC Seahawk, Curtiss
       (S-USA-AS|AC-R-LN-N-AR1)
       Catapult-launched scout floatplane, that could also be operated
       on wheeled landing gear. The small SC had a considerably better
       performance than the {OS2U}. 576 were built in one year, before
       the USN decided to abandon the program. 
       Type: SC-1
       Task: reconnaissance
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1007kW Wright R-1820-62
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 11.09m  Height: 3.89m  Wing Area: 26.01m2
       Empty Weight: 2867kg  Max.Weight: 4082kg
       Max. Speed: 504km/h  Ceiling: 11400m  Max. Range: 1000km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm, 340kg
SEMA-X
       (M-USA-ACV-E-?-N-J2)
       Special Electronic Mission Aircraft. This was a twin-turbofan VSTOL
       aircraft, designed by Grumman. SEMA-X had a small wing and rotating
       9065lb TF34-GE-100 engines at the mid-fuselage position. It was
       cancelled when the 'Sea Control Ship' concept, a small carrier for
       V/STOL aircraft, was abandoned.
       Type: SEMA-X
       Function: electronic warfare / design
       Year: 1976  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 9065lb G.E. TF-34-100
       Speed: 500mph  Ceiling:   Range: 1150mls
       Armament:
SEV-1XP, Seversky
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       This was a single-seat modification of the {SEV-2XP}. The
       undercarriage was made semi-retractable, and the unsatisfactory
       R-1670 replaced by the R-1830 and later by the R-1820. The SEV-1XP
       was accepted by the USAAC, and entered production as the {P-35}. 
       Type: SEV-1XP
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 950hp R-1820-G5
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 7.59m  Height: 2.69m  Wing Area: 20.44m2
       Empty Weight: 1681kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 465km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1920km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm 1*mg12.7mm
SEV-2XP, Seversky
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       The designation 2XP meant 'two-seat experimental pursuit'. The
       SEV-2XP was an all-metal monocoque aircraft with a fixed, trousered
       undercarriage. After an accident, it was rebuilt as the {SEV-1XP}
       single-seater, and entered in an USAAC competition as such.
       Type: SEV-2XP
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 735hp Wright R-1670
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 7.49m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 20.44m2
       Empty Weight: 1633kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 441km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1530km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.62mm
SF, Grumman
       (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1)
       Scout version of the {FF} Goblin two-seat fighter. 33 built.
SG, Great Lakes
       (I-USA-A?-R-?-?-?)
       The XSG-1 was an amphibian, flown in 1932.
S.H.4, Thomas-Morse
       (F-USA-AS-TR-B-N-IL1)
       Trainer and observation seaplane, 1917.
SN2J, North American
       (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1)
       This was a cleaned-up development of the {SNJ}. It was intended as
       an intermediate trainer, but the USN finally decided to continue
       the use of the SNJ. Two built.
       Type: XSN2J-1
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1945  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1110hp Wright R-1830-78
       Wing Span: 13.29m  Length: 10.48m  Height: 3.27m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 3855kg
       Speed: 435km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
SNB, Beechcraft
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       USN version of the {AT-7} (SNB-2) and {AT-11} (SNB-1). The USN
       bought 1364 SNBs.
SNC Falcon, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1)
       Low-wing monoplane trainer, the Curtiss CW-22. It was a
       relative of the {CW-21} fighter, and shared its slender
       wings and fragile-looking tail. The USN used 360, and
       another 136 were exported. 
       Type: SNC-1
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 420hp Wright R-975-28
       Wing Span: 10.66m  Length: 8.22m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1718kg
       Speed: 319km/h at S/L  Ceiling: 6680m  Range: 1250km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
SNJ, North American
       (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1)
       The {AT-6} in service with the USN.
SNV, Vultee
       (S-USA-A-RT-LN-N-AR1)
       Navy version of the {BT-13}.
SO3C Seamew, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A|AS-R-MN-N-AI1)
       Observation floatplane, designed to be catapult-launched from
       warships. It could also be equipped with wheeled landing gear.
       The S03C soon revealed itself unfit for service, and many were
       used as radio-controlled target aircraft. A total of 794 were
       built. 
       Type: SO3C-2
       Task: reconnaissance
       Year: 1942  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 440kW Ranger V-770-6
       Max. Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 5030m  Max. Range: 1512km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 227kg b.
SOC Seagull, Curtiss
       (S-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1)
       Single-engined biplane on floats, with optional wheeled
       landing gear. The SOC was never completely replaced by the
       monoplane {OS2U}, because it could be stored in smaller
       hangars. Only 262 were built, but they served long, even
       after the {SO3C} designed to replace them had been retired. 
       Type: SOC-1
       Task: observation
       Year: 1934  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340-18
       Wing Span: 10.9m  Length: 9.6m  Height: 4.4m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1718kg  Max.Weight: 2466kg
       Max. Speed: 265km/h  Ceiling: 4542m  Max. Range: 1535km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm 2*b100lb
SON Seagull, Naval Aircraft 
       (S-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1)
       NAF-built {SOC}.
Speed Scout, Berkmans
       (F-USA-A-F-B-N-AR1)
       Single-seat biplane fighter, offered to the offered to the US Army
       in spring 1918. With WWI nearing its end, the Speed Scout was only
       of interest because of its monococque fuselage construction. One
       built.
       Type: Speed Scout
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome Monosoupape
       Wing Span: 7.92mm  Length: 5.69m  Height: 2.39m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 372kg  Max.Weight: 540kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: (2*mg7.62mm)
STA-Special, Ryan
       (S-USA-A-F-LN-N-AI1)
       Light fighter, a development of the Ryan STM two-seat trainer.
       The {PT-16} series derived from the same design was very successful,
       but production of the STA-Special was limited to six for Guatemala.
SU Corsair, Vought 
       (I-USA-AC-R-B-N-AR1)
       Renamed {O2U} and {O3U} Corsairs. The SU-1 was the O3U-2, the
       SU-2 and SU-3 were equivalent to O3U-4s, and the SU-4 was a
       new-built SU-2. 
--T---------------------------------------------------------------------------
T-1, Martin
       (F-USA-A-C-B-N-ILB2)
       Transport version of the {GMB} bomber. One built.
T-1 Seastar, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-AC-T-LN-N-J1)
       Navy version of the {T-33} trainer, also known as the {T2V}.
T-1 Jayhawk, Beech
       (M-USA-A-T-LS-N-JF2)
       Trainer version of the BeechJet 400a business aircraft, a
       twin-turbofan aircraft. The T-1A is used as trainer for
       transport and tanker crews.
T-2, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-R-?N-N-AI1)
       The QT-2 was a modified Schweizer SGS 2-32 glider, powered by
       a Continental O-200-A engine. It was tried in Vietnam as silent
       reconnaissance aircraft.
T-2 Buckeye, Rockwell
       (P-USA-AC-T-MN-N-J2|J1)
       The T-2 was for many years the standard jet trainer of the US Navy.
       It is a compact mid-wing design with a straight wing and engines
       installed in the belly. The T-2A initial version had a single
       Westinghouse J34 engine, but the T-2B introduced two P&W J60 engines
       and the T-2C had two G.E. J85 engines. 315 were built. There also
       is a DT-2 drone control version. Rockwell proposed a T-2X
       upgrade, but the USN bought the T-45 instead.
       Type: T-2C
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1968  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 *13.12kN G.E. J856-GE-4
       Wing Span: 11.63m  Length: 11.79m  Height: 4.51m  Wing Area: 23.70m2
       Empty Weight: 3681kg  Max.Weight: 5978kg
       Max. Speed: 852km/h  Ceiling: 13870m  Max. Range: 1720km
       Armament: 290kg
T2D, Douglas
       (I-USA-A|AC-A-B-N-ARW2)      
       Twin-engined torpedo-bomber biplane. It was once considered
       to operate them from carriers, but concerns about their
       handling with one engine out prevented this. 
       Type: T2D-1
       Task: torpedo aircraft
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 2 * 525hp Wright Cyclone
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
T2J Buckeye, North American 
       (P-USA-AC-T-MN-N-J2|J1)
       Renamed {T-2}.
T2M, Martin 
       (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-IL1)
       Version of the Curtiss {SC}, more or less equivalent with the
       SC-2.
T2N, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (I-USA-AC-A-?-?-?)
       The T2N competed for orders with the Martin {T5M}, which was
       ordered. Like the T5M, it was a dive-bomber, despite its
       designation.
T2V Seastar, Lockheed
       (P-USA-AC-T-LN-N-J1)
       Navy version of the {T-33}. The changes necessary to make the
       aircraft carrier-capable were extensive.
       Type: T2V-1
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1957  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2770kg Allison J33-A-22
       Max. Speed: 933km/h  Ceiling: 12200m  Max. Range: 1440km
       Armament:
T-3 Firefly, Slingsby
       (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-AI1)
       British primary trainer, replacing the {T-41} for the USAF. The
       T-3 is a composite aircraft with high aspect ratio wings. 113 were
       sold to the USAF. They were assembled by Northrop Grumman. 
       Type: T-3A
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1991  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 260hp Textron Lycoming AEIO-540-D4A5
       Wing Span: 10.61m  Length: 7.31m  Height: 2.36m  Wing Area: 12.63m2
       Empty Weight: 777kg  Max.Weight: 1134kg
       Speed: 281km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 652km
T3M, Martin
       (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-AR1)
       Torpedo aircraft. Used wings of the {T2M} with a new fuselage. 
       Type: T3M-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1926  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 425kW Wright T3B
       Speed: 175km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 845km
       Armament:
T4M , Martin
       (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-IL1)
       Development of {T3M}. 102 built. Great Lakes continued production
       as the {TG}. 
       Type: T4M-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1927  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 390kW P&W R-1690-24 Hornet
       Wing Span: 16.15m  Length: 10.85m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 60.94m2
       Empty Weight: 1783kg  Max.Weight: 3661kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling: 3100m  Range: 590km
       Armament: 1*mg 953kg 
T5M, Martin 
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1)
       Also known as the {BM}.
T-6 Harvard, North American 
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       Also known as the {AT-6}.
T-6 Texan II, Raytheon/Beech/Pilatus 
       (M-UAS-A-T-LN-N-T1)       
       The Raytheon Beechcraft PC-9 Mk.II was selected by the USAF as
       training aicraft, after the long and fiercely contensted JPATS
       selection procedure. First deliveries are expected late in 1998.
T-7, Beechcraft 
       (S-USA-A|AS-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Also known as {AT-7}.
T-11, Beechcraft
       (S-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Also known as {AT-11}.
T-28, North American
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-AR1)
       This was the successor of the {T-6}. The T-28 was a low-wing
       trainer with tricycle landing gear. The only criticism levelled
       at it was that it was too easy to fly to be a good introduction
       to aircraft such as the {AD} Skyraider. Its potential as light
       attack and COIN aircraft was soon recognized. The T-28D was the
       fully combat-capable version, later renamed AT-28D. Later there
       was an experimental YAT-28E, powered by a Lycoming YT55-L-9
       turboprop engine. 
       Type: T-28B
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1967  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1425hp Wright R-1820-86
       Wing Span: 12.22m  Length: 10.06m  Height: 3.86m  Wing Area: 24.9m2
       Empty Weight: 2914kg  Max.Weight: 3586kg
       Max. Speed: 552km/h  Ceiling: 10820m  Max. Range: 1705km
       Armament:
T-29, Convair
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-ARW2)
       Trainer version of the Convair 240 twin-engined transport.
       Also known as {AT-29}. Later used as VT-29 VIP transports.
       Type: T-29B
       Function: trainer
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 2 * 2500hp P&W R-2800-99W
       Speed: 480km/h   Ceiling: 6320m  Range: 2400km
       Armament:
T-30, Douglas
       (?-USA-A-T-?-?-AR1)
       Trainer design competing with the {T-28}. It was never built. The
       800hp Wright R-1300 radial engine was located behind the cockpit,
       driving the propeller by a long shaft under the tandem cockpit
       arrangement.
T-31, Fairchild
       (?-USA-A-T-?-?-?)
       Two seat primary trainer, originally designed for the USN. Later it
       was also studied by the USAF. No T-31s were ever ordered.
T-32, Convair 
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-?W2)
       Project only. Version of the CV-240 airliner.
T-33, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-J1)
       The 'T-bird' was the most famous jet trainer ever, a development
       of the {P-80} fighter. It was built and sold in large numbers,
       and some are still operational. Some time ago Boeing proposed
       to revive the surviving T-33 airframes by an extensive rebuild!
       There was also an DT-33 drone control version and a single-seat
       RT-33 recce version. The USAF retired its last T-33, an NT-33
       flight control systems research aircraft, in April 1997.
       Type: T-33A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1948  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2360kg Allison J33-35
       Max. Speed: 960km/h  Ceiling: 15000m  Max. Range:
       Armament: 2 * mg12.7mm
T-34 Mentor, Beechcraft
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-T1)      
       The T-34 has been a standard USAF trainer for a long time. There
       is some commonality with the Beechcraft Bonanza, but in essence the
       T-34 is a different aircraft. The T-34C is reengined with a
       turboprop, the T-34A had a Continental O-470-13 of 225hp.
       Type: T-34C
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1973  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 298kW P&WC PT6A-25
       Max. Speed: 414km/h  Ceiling: 9150m  Max. Range: 1205km
       Armament: 544kg
T-35 Buckaroo, Temco
       (P-USA-A-T-?-?-AI1)
       Two-seat primary trainer. The USAF evaluated three YT-35s, but
       did not place any orders. Ten T-35s were sold to Saudi Arabia. 
       Type: T-35A
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1947  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 123kW Franklin 6A4-165-B3
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
T-36 Mentor, Beechcraft/Canadair
       (P-USA-A-T-?-?-ARW2)
       Twin-engined navigation trainer and transport, developed by
       Canadair (as the CL-60) and Beechcraft. It was powered by two
       R-2800 engines. The T-36 was cancelled in 1953.
T-37, Cessna
       (P-USA-TA-A-LN-N-J2)
       A small twin-engined jet, with side-by-side seating, the standard
       USAF jet trainer. It will soldier on for some time to come, because
       an attempt to replace it has failed. 1268 built, plus an additional
       577 of the {A-37} light attack aircraft that was developed from it.
       Type: T-37C
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 *4.56kN Continental J69-T-25
       Max. Speed: 707km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Max. Range: 1520km
       Armament: 2*b 205lb
T-38 Talon, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-J2)
       Supersonic training aircraft, related to the {F-5} fighter. The
       T-38 is to stay in service until 2020, after having been upgraded
       to T-38C configuraration. 
       Type: T-38A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1961  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1750kg GE J65-GE-5
       Max. Speed: M1.23  Ceiling: 16300m  Max. Range: 1770km
       Armament:
T-39, Rockwell
       (M-USA-A-C|T-LS-N-JF2)
       Trainer version of the Sabreliner business aircraft. The T-39B
       is a radar trainer.
T-40 Jetstar, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-tC-LS-N-JF4)
       Renamed {C-140}.
T-41 Mescalero, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1)
       The Cessna 172 with a layer of military paint. The USAF bought
       864; total production of the Cessna 170/172/175/182 series
       exceeded 60,000.
       Type: T-41A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1965  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 110kW Lycoming O-320-E2D
       Max. Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Max. Range: 1030km
       Load: 2 seats
T-42 Cochise, Beechcraft
       (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-AIW2)
       Military version of the Beech Baron.
T-43, Boeing
       (M-USA-A-T-LS-N-JU2)
       A trainer version of the Boeing 737, equipped for 12 trainee
       navigators. 19 built.
       Type: T-43A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1973  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 6575kg P&W JT8D-9
       Max. Speed: 943km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
T-44, Beechcraft 
       (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-TW2)
       Military version of the Beech 90 King Air, used by the US Navy as
       trainer. See also {C-6}, {U-21}, and {C-12}.
       Type: T-44A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1977  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 410kW P&WC PT6A-34B
       Max. Speed: 445km/h  Ceiling: 8990m  Max. Range: 2340km
       Armament:
T-45 Goshawk, McDonnell Douglas
       (M-USA-AC-T-LS-N-J1)
       The USN did choose an adapted British Aerospace Hawk for its
       carrier-capable trainer requirement. The Hawk is a single-engined,
       low-wing jet trainer with a secondary attack capability. The T-45
       has stronger landing gear, a tailhook, different air brakes,
       full-span flaps, leading edge slats, a taller tailfin, a longer
       nose, and structural strengthening. But it still looks very much
       like a Hawk. The T-45B interim version, wich would not have been
       carrier-capable, was not built.
       Type: T-45A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1989  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 24.24kN R.-R. Turbomeca F405-RR-400L
       Max. Speed: 997km/h  Ceiling: 12875m  Max. Range: 1850km
       Armament:
T-46, Fairchild
       (M-USA-A-T-HN-N-J2)
       The T-46 was intended to replace the {T-37}. Only the three
       prototypes were built, before the cost of the program halted it.
       Type: T-46A
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1985  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 602kg Garret F109-GA-100
       Max. Speed: 725km/h  Ceiling: 13500m  Max. Range: 2010km
       Armament:
T-47, Cessna
       (M-USA-A-T-LN-N-JF2)
       The USN has used 15 Cessna Citation S/II's as radar trainers,
       designated T-47A. The T-47B is intended for the USAF as a
       tanker trainer. 
       Type: T-47A
       Task: radar trainer
       Year: 1985  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 12.89kN P&WC JT15D-5
       Max. Speed: M0.733  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament:
T-48, Cessna 
       (P-USA-T-A-LN-N-J2)
       Development of the {T-37}.
       Type: YT-48A
       Task: trainer
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 2 * Garret F019-GA-100
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
TA, Fokker 
       (I-USA-A-C-HN-N-AR1&ARU2)
       The three TA-1s were bomber versions of the {C-2} (Fokker F.VII)
       delivered to the USMC for use in Nicaragua in 1928. 
TA-2, Huff-Daland
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Renamed {AT-1}. 75kW Anzani engine.
TA-3, Wright 
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Version of {TW-3} with 80hp or 100hp Le Rhone engine.
TA-6, Huff-Daland 
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-AR1)
       Renamed {AT-1}. 149 Lawrence J-1 engine.
Tacit Blue, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-X-LN-N-J2)
       Single-seat technology demonstrator for Stealth aircraft,
       originally designed as a battlefield surveillance aircraft.
       Tacit Blue had an "inverted bathtub"-shaped fuselage, straight
       wings and a V-tail. It flew between 1982 and 1985 in great
       secrecy, and was then stored until it was suddenly put in
       a museum in 1996. One built.
       Type: Tacit Blue
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1982  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * Garrett ATF3-6
       Wing Span: 14.69m  Length: 17.00m  Height: 3.23m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
TB, Boeing
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-IL1)
       Torpedo-bomber biplane with side-by-side seating for pilot and
       navigator. Three built.
       Type: TB-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1927  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 850hp Packard 2A-2500
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
TB2D Skypirate, Douglas
       (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Large torpedo-bomber intended for service on the Midway-class
       carriers. Powered by the big R-4360 engine, the TB2D could carry
       four torpedoes in an internal armament bay. The TB2D was a good
       aircraft, but it was already obsolete when the Midway-class
       carriers entered service. It was cancelled at the end of WWII.
       Two built.
       Type: XTB2D-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1945  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 3350hp P&W R-4360-8
       Wing Span: 21.34m  Length: 11.13m  Height: 14.02m  Wing Area: 56.21m2
       Empty Weight: 8348kg  Max.Weight: 15767kg
       Speed: 546km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 2013km
       Armament: (7*mg12.7mm 3630kg)
TB2F, Grumman
       (S-USA-AC-A-HN-N-ARW2)
       Twin-engined shipboard torpedo-bomber, intended for the large
       Midway-class carriers. On second throughts, the Navy admitted
       that operating such a large twin-engined aircraft from carriers
       might be a bad idea. Only a mockup was constructed.
       Type: XTB2F-1
       Function: torpedo-bomber
       Year: 1944  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-22
       Wing Span: 22.56m  Length: 15.85m  Height: 6.45m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 10200kg  Max.Weight: 20410kg
       Speed: 544km/h  Ceiling: 9630m  Range: 5955km
       Armament: 10*mg12.7mm 1635kg
TB3F, Grumman 
       (P-USA-AC-A|E-MN-N-AR1)
       Renamed {AF}.
TBD Devastator, Douglas
       (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1)
       Standard USN torpedo aircraft in the years before WWII. In 1937 the
       TDB represented a major improvement over the earlier biplane torpedo
       bombers of the USN. But in 1941 it was obsolete, and suffered heavy
       losses. 130 built.
       Type: TBD-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1936  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 660kW P&W R-1830-64
       Speed: 332km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm, 454kg
TBF Avenger, Grumman 
       (S-USA-AC-A|B|E-MN-N-AR1)
       Standard carrier-borne torpedo aircraft and light bomber of WWII
       and the period after the war. With its fat fuselage and rectangular
       surfaces the TBF was rather ugly, but it was a sturdy and reliable
       aircraft of advanced concept. Later models carried radar equipment
       for the ASW and EAW roles. Many Avengers were {TBM}s, built by
       General Motors. 9839 built.
       Type: TBF-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1942  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 1250kW Wright R-2600-8
       Wing Span: 16.51m  Length: 12.20m  Height: 4.19m  Wing Area: 45.52m2
       Empty Weight: 4788kg  Max.Weight: 7876kg
       Speed: 436km/h  Ceiling: 6830m  Range: 4075km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm, 907kg
TBG, Great Lakes
       (I-USA-AC-A-B-N-AR1)
       Torpedo bomber biplane, lost the competition for orders to the
       monoplane Douglas {TBD}. One remarkable feature of the XTBG-1 was
       that the bombardier had a separate cockpit, ahead of the lower
       wing edge. The TBG also had some advanced features, such as a
       retractable landing gear, and an enclosed cockpits. It offered
       a significant increase in performance over the earlier {TG}, but
       nevertheless it was clearly obsolete. 
       Type: XTBG-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1935  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 800hp P&W XR-1830-60
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 10.69m  Height: 4.60m  Wing Area: 50.82m2
       Empty Weight: 2414kg  Max.Weight: 4207kg
       Speed: 296km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 945kg
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 454kg
TBM Avenger, General Motors 
       (S-USA-AC-A|B|E-MN-N-AR1)
       See also {TBF}. 4657 of the Avengers were built by GM and called
       TBM. The TBM-3R was a COD version of the TBF/TBM series, with the
       gun turret faired over and seven seats; the TBM-3W version of the
       TBF/TBM Avenger was a AEW aircraft with a large radome under the
       forward fuselage, and two additional fins on the tailplane. The
       TBM-3Q was an electronic warfare version, also with a ventral
       radome and two extra fins.
       Type: TBM-3
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1944  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 1305kW Wright R-2600-20 
       Wing Span: 16.51m  Length: 12.19m  Height: 5.00m  Wing Area: 45.52m2
       Empty Weight: 4853kg  Max.Weight: 8278kg
       Speed: 430km/h  Ceiling: 7130m  Range: 1819km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm 907kg
TBU, Vought
       (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1)
       This torpedo bomber was designed by Vought to compete with the
       Grumman {TBF}. The TBF was preferred mainly because Vought was
       already preoccupied with the {F4U}. Later the aircraft was
       reconsidered, and Vultee was tasked with the production. The
       production version was then renamed {TBY}.
       Type: XTBU-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1941  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 1850hp P&W R-26900-6 
       Wing Span: 17.42m  Length: 11.89m  Height: 5.66m  Wing Area: 40.78m2
       Empty Weight: 4764kg  Max.Weight: 7370kg
       Speed: 500km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 2250km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 910kg
TBY Sea Wolf, Consolidated-Vultee 
       (S-USA-AC-A-LN-N-AR1)
       This was to be the production version of the TBU. The USN required
       serveral changes, including an engine change. The TBY demonstrated
       a better performance than the {TBF}, but flew first in 1944, had
       numerous technical faults, and was not very suitable for carrier
       operations. The TBY was only operated by training units. 180 were
       built. 
       Type: TBY-2
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1944  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-34
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 502km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
TD2N, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       See {TDR}.
TD2R, Interstate
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       Development of {TDR} with 450hp engines.
TD3N, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       Development of {TD2N}.
TD3R, Interstate
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       Development of {TDR}.
TDL, Bell 
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-IL1)
       The two XTDL-1s were Bell {P-39}Qs, used as target aircraft by the
       USN. They were later renamed {F2L}-1K.
TDN, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       Precursor of {TD2N} and {TDR} series.
TDR, Interstate
       (S-USA-A-*-LN-N-ARW2)
       Production version of the {TD2N}. The TDR was a remotely-controlled
       aircraft -- a cockpit was provided for ferry flights. It was a clean
       twin-engined monoplane with fixed landing gear. The TDR was fitted
       with a TV-camera in the nose, and could carry a bomb or a torpedo.
       The TDR was used in some attacks in the Pacific in 1944.
       Type: TDR-1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 220hp Lycming O-435-2
       Speed: 225km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 685km
       Armament: 906kg
TF, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       The Grumman Trader COD aircraft, later renamed {C-1}. The TF-1Q
       was an electronic testbed.
TF, Naval Aircraft Factory
       (I-USA-AF-F-B-N-ILBD2)
       This escort and patrol 'fighter' flying boat was a large biplane,
       powered by two engines in tandem between the wings, and with a
       tail carried by tubular booms. Four were built.
       Type: TF
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1920  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 300hp Wright/Hispano-Suiza H
       Wing Span: 18.29m  Length: 13.54m  Height:   Wing Area: 86.40m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 4012kg
       Speed: 172km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 3*mg7.62mm
TG,  Great Lakes
       (I-USA-AC|AS-A-B-N-AR1)
       Biplane torpedo bomber developed from the {T4M}. Great Lakes had
       bought the Cleveland factor of Martin, which had produced the T4M.
       Type: TG-2
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1934  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 575hp Wright Cyclone
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling: 4010m  Range:
       Armament:
THAP, Northrop
       (M-USA-A-R-?-?-?2)
       Tactical High Altitude Penetrator. Alleged Northrop technology
       demonstrator for the (also alleged) stealth reconnaissance
       aircraft TR-3.
       Type: THAP
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1978  Crew:   Engines: 2 *
       Wing Span: 17m  Length: 11.6m  Height: 4.3m  Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 26310kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
T.M.23, Thomas-Morse
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Small, all-metal single-seat biplane fighter. Even after major
       constructional modifications, the handling of the T.M.23 remained 
       poor. Prototype only.
       Type: T.M.23
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 440hp Curtiss D-12
       Wing Span: 8.12m  Length: 6.60m  Height:   Wing Area: 24.52m2
       Empty Weight: 870kg  Max.Weight: 1227kg
       Speed: 269km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.15hrs
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.62mm
TO, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-FT-LN-N-J1)       
       Designation applied by the USN to (purely land-based) {P-80}
       Shooting Stars that it used as trainers. Renamed TV after 1950.
TP-1, Engineering Division
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat biplane fighter. Performance was too low for the fighter
       role, and the second aiorcraft was converted to the {CO-5}
       observation version while under construction. The single TP-1
       prototype was later used to test a turbo-supercharger.
       Type: TP-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 423hp Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length: 7.64m  Height: 3.05m  Wing Area: 38.84m2
       Empty Weight: 1246kg  Max.Weight: 1979kg
       Speed: 207km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.6hrs
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm
TR, Curtiss 
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-?1)
       Variation on the {TS}, with a different wing and/or engine.
TR, Navy-Wright 
       (I-USA-AC-*-B-N-AR1)
       Racing aircraft. The TR-3A did not compete in the 1923 Schneider
       races. It was a development of the {TS} (or {FC}) fighter.
TS, Naval Aircraft Factory / Curtiss 
       (I-USA-AC-F-B-N-AR1)
       The TS-1 biplane was the first purpose-designed US carrier
       fighter. It was designed by the Naval Aircraft Factory, but
       production contracts were gven to Curtiss. It was also known
       as the FC. The TS-1 was built of wood; later Curtiss produced
       an all-metal development, the {F4C}. The TS-2 and TS-3 were
       experimental reengined versions. 43 built.
       Type: TS-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Lawrance J-1
       Wing Span: 7.62m  Length: 6.73m  Height: 2.92m  Wing Area: 21.18m2
       Empty Weight: 562kg  Max.Weight: 871kg
       Speed: 210km/h   Ceiling:   Range: 775km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm
TSF, Grumman
       (S-USA-AC-A-HN-N-ARW2)
       The TSF was designed as a twin-engined torpedo bomber and scout,
       smaller than the cancelled {TB2F}. The design was based on the
       {F7F}, with side-by-side seating and an internal bomb bay. It was
       cancelled to allow Grumman to concentrate on more important
       aircraft. Never built.
       Type: XTSF-1
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1944  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 2100hp P&W R-2800-22 
       Wing Span: 22.56m  Length: 10.36m  Height: 13.97m  Wing Area: 42.27m2
       Empty Weight: 7966kg  Max.Weight: 12701kg
       Speed: 680km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 1810kg
TT Pinto, Temco
       (P-USA-AC-T-MN-N-J1)
       The Temco TT was the first US jet-engined primary trainer. It was
       a simple mid-wing design with a slender tailboom. 15 built. 
       Type: TT-1
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1959  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 4.1kN Continental J69-T-9
       Wing Span: 9.09m  Length: 9.32m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 13.94m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1966kg
       Max. Speed: 555km/h  Ceiling: 9815m  Max. Range: 1.5hrs
TV, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-T-LN-N-J1)
       The {P-80} and {T-33} in Navy service. The {T2V} was a more
       carrier-capable development.
TW-2, Cox-Klemin
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?1)
       Two-seat training biplane. Three built.
TW-3, Wright
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Two-seat biplane trainer. 134kW Wright engine.
TW-4, Fokker
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-?1)
       This was the Fokker {S.I} trainer in US service.
TW-5, Huff-Daland
       (I-USA-A-T-B-N-IL1)
       Renamed {AT-1}. Powered by a Wright-Hispano E-2.
--U---------------------------------------------------------------------------
U-1, Caspar-Heinkel
       (I-D-AS-R-B-N-?1)
       The U-1 was built in Germany during 1922, despite the clause in the
       treaty of Versailles forbiding the development of military aircraft.
       It had been ordered by the USA. It was a small, wooden, twin-float
       biplane for submarines. Two were built for the USA and at least
       two (possibly four) for Japan. 
       Type: U-1
       Function: reconaisssance 
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 60hp Siemens 
       Wing Span: 7.22m  Length: 6.20m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 360kg  Max.Weight: 510kg
       Speed: 140km/h  Ceiling: 3000m  Range: 2hrs
U-1 Otter, de Havilland Canada 
       (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The DHC-3 Otter is a single-engined STOL transport. It was used
       by the US Army as the U-1, and by the Navy as the {UC}. They
       served until the mid-1970s, some staying on until the early
       1980s.
       Type: DHC-3
       Country: Canada
       Function: transport
       Year: 1951  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp P&W R-1340-S1H1-G
       Wing Span: 17.68m  Length: 12.75m  Height: 3.84m  Wing Area: 34.84m2
       Empty Weight: 2010kg  Max.Weight: 3629kg
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling: 5730m  Range: 1520km
       Load: 14 seats
U-2, Lockheed
       (P|M-USA-A-R|E-MN-N-J1)
       The U-2, a high-flying reconaissance aircraft, was camouflaged by
       this inoccent 'utility' designation. Ironically, it has become the
       most famous U-designated aircraft... The extremely high-flying U-2
       spyplane became infamous in 1960 by being shot down over the Soviet
       Union. After that, the U-2 was claimed to be restricted to
       meteorological and environment control flights, but it continued to
       spy above countries other than the USSR, such as China and Cuba.
       Some were shot down. The WU-2 was used for sampling of the
       stratosphere, and examining the fall-out from nuclear tests. Later
       versions had a J75 engine. The U-2R is a much-modified version with
       two large pods on the wing, built in the second and third production
       runs --- the aircraft of the third series were named TR-1 for some
       time. The latest U-2R models were still present during the 1991
       Gulf War. Reengining with the lighter and more powerful G.E.
       F118-GE-F29 engine is under way.
       Type: U-2B
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7710kg P&W J57-P-13B
       Max. Speed: 850km/h  Ceiling: 27400m  Max. Range: 6640km
       Type: U-2R
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1967  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7710kg P&W J75-P-13B
       Wing Span: 31.39m  Length: 19.13m  Height: 4.88m  Wing Area: 92.90m2
       Empty Weight: 7031kg  Max.Weight: 18733kg
       Speed: M0.8  Ceiling: 24380m  Range: 10060km
U-3, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2)
       The Cessna 310C.
       Type: 310
       Function: utility
       Year: 1954   Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 213kW Continental IO-520-M
       Speed: 383km/h  Ceiling: 6020m  Range: 2800km
       Freight: 4 to 5 seats
U-4, Aerocommander
       (P-USA-A-U|E-HN-N-AIW2)
       Aerocommander 560, used as VIP transport.
       Type: 560F
       Function: utility
       Year: 1961  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 350hp Lycoming IGO-540B1A
       Speed: 402km/h  Ceiling: 6675m  Range: 2745km
       Freight:
U-5, Helio
       (P-USA-A-U-?-?-?)
       The Helio H-500 Twin Courier.
U-6, de Havilland Canada
       (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1)
       The DHC-2 {Beaver}.
       Type: DHC-2
       Function: utility
       Year: 1948  Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985
       Speed: 260km/h       Ceiling: 5500m   Range:  1200km
       Freight: 4-5 seats
U-7, Piper 
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       Designation applied in 1962 to the former {L-21}.
U-8 Seminole, Beechcraft
       (P-USA-A-UE-LN-N-AIW2)
       The Beechcraft 50 Twin Bonanza or the Queen Air, also known as
       the {L-23}.
       Type: U-8D
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 254kW Lycoming O-480-1
       Speed: 375km/h   Ceiling:    Range: 2170km
       Freight: 6 seats
U-9, Aerocommander 
       (P-USA-A-U|E-HN-N-AIW2)
       Aerocommander 560, also known as the {L-26} or {U-4}.
       The RU-9D was a modified U-9 carrying side-looking radar.
U-10 Super Courier, Helio
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       High-wing liaison aircraft, of which about 500 were built, of which
       65 for the US Army.
       Type: U-10D
       Function: utility
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220kW Lycoming GO-480-G1D6
       Wing Span: 11.89m  Length: 9.45m  Height: 2.69m  Wing Area: 21.46m2
       Empty Weight: 943kg  Max. Weight: 1542kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling: 6250m  Range: 2200km
       Freight: 5 seats
U-11, Piper
       (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2)
       This is a version of the Piper PA-23 Aztec for the US Navy. 
       Type: PA-23T-250 Aztec F
       Function: utility
       Year: 1978  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 187kW Lycoming TIO-540-C1A
       Wing Span: 11.37m  Length: 3.07m  Height:   Wing Area: 19.23m2
       Empty Weight: 1507kg  Max.Weight: 2360kg
       Speed: 407km/h  Ceiling: 7315m  Range: 2120km
       Freight: 4 seats
U-16 Albatross, Grumman
       (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       Previously called {UF} by the USN. The HU-16 Albatross was
       probably the most successful post-WWII flying boat. It was
       used mainly as a search & rescue aircraft. There was also
       an LU-16 "tribiphian" model with skis, for arctic operations. 
       Type: HU-16D
       Function: utility
       Year: 1955  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1063kW R-1820-76A
       Wing Span: 18.67m  Length: 7.87m  Height:   Wing Area: 96.15m2
       Empty Weight: 10380kg  Max.Weight: 16193kg
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling: 6555m  Range: 4587km
       Armament: 
U-17 Skywagon, Cessna
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       The Cessna 185 high-wing cabin monoplane, in military service.
       About 450 were bought by the USAF from 1962 onwards.
       Type: Cessna 185
       Function: utility
       Year: 1961  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 244kW Continental IO-520-D
       Wing Span: 10.92m  Length: 7.81m  Height: 2.36m  Wing Area: 16.16m2
       Empty Weight: 769kg  Max.Weight: 1520kg
       Speed: 286km/h    Ceiling: 5230m   Range: 1575km
       Freight: up to 5 seats
U-18 Navion, Ryan 
       (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AI1)
       Formerly {L-17}.
U-19 Sentinel, Stinson
       (S-USA-A-T-HN-N-AI1)
       Stinson V-76, former {L-5}G.
U-21 Ute, Beech
       (P-USA-A-UE-LN-N-TW2)
       The Beech King Air in military service. The Super King Air is
       known as the {C-12}. The first U-21s were used as light
       transports, but an increasing number was converted to RU-21
       communications and signal intelligence aircraft. 
U-22, Beechcraft 
       (P-USA-A-U-?-?-?)
U-23 Peacemaker, Fairchild 
       (P-USA-A-UA-HN-N-T1)
       The Pilatus {PC-6} Porter in USAF form. The AU-23 was a gunship
       version of the U-23; Fairchild built 92 of them. In the USAF
       the AU-23 remained an experiment, but 33 are still in service
       in Thailand. 
U-24, Helio 
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1)
       Helio H-550A Stallion, a turboprop-engined development of the
       Courier (See {L-28} and {U-10}). The AU-24 was a gunship version,
       15 were bought by the USAF. Experimental only.
U-25 Guardian, Dassault-Breguet
       (M-USA-A-R-LS-N-JF2)
       The US Coast Guard bought 41 HU-25A's. They are developed from the
       Falcon 20. Eight were modified to 'Night Stalker' drugs intercept
       aircraft.
       Type: HU-25A
       Function: utility
       Year: 1979   Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 2400kg Garret AiResearch ATF3-6
       Speed: M0.8  Ceiling:        Range:  4185km
       Freight:
U-25 Huron, Beech
       (?-USA-A-U-?-?-?)
       Cancelled. Beech A-200 Huron.
U-26 Turbo Stationcar, Cessna
       (M-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1)
       Cessna 206 Skywagon.
U-27 Caravan, Cessna 
       (M-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1)
       Cessna model 208 utility transport. 
       Type: 208
       Function: utility
       Year: 1984  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 447kW P&WC PT6A-114
       Wing Span: 15.88m  Length: 11.46m  Height: 4.32m  Wing Area: 25.96m2
       Empty Weight: 1752kg  Max.Weight: 3692kg
       Speed: 341km/h  Ceiling: 8410m  Range: 2010km
       Freight:
U-38, Schweizer
       (M-USA-A-RU-?N-T-AI2)
       Surveillance aircraft for the US Coast Guard, developed by using
       parts of the R{G-8} motorized glider. The RU-38 combines slender
       sailplane wings with a twin-boom layout and a central nacelle
       with both a pusher and a tractor engine. The engines are made as
       silent as possible, and the RU-38 carries radar, FLIR, and low
       light-level television equipment. Three ordered.
       Type: RU-38A
       Function: covert surveillance
       Year: 1995  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 261kW Teledyne Continental GIO-550
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
UC Otter, de Havilland Canada
       (P-USA-A|AS-U-HN-N-AR1)
       See {U-1}. 
UF Albatross, Grumman 
       (P-USA-AF-U-HN-N-ARW2)
       Also known as the H{U-16}.
UF, Vought 
       (I-USA-A|AS-F-B-N-AR1)
       Single-seat fighter derivative of the {UO}.
UO, Piper
       (P-USA-A-U-LN-N-AIW2)
       Also known as {U-11}.
UO, Vought
       (I-USA-A|AS-R-B-N-AR1)
       Catapult-launched observation aircraft for the USN, developed from
       the {VE-7}.
       Type: UO-1
       Task: reconaissance
       Year: 1923  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 200hp Wright Whirlwind
       Max. Speed: 197km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Max. Range:
       Armament:
UV Jetstar, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-C-LS-N-JF4)
       Navy designation for {C-140}.
--V---------------------------------------------------------------------------
V-1, McDonnell
       (P-USA-AV-X-R3&HN-T-AR1)
       The XV-1 was an experimental compound-heli. It had a broad-bladed
       rotor, a streamlined hub, a pusher propeller and twin tail booms.
       The rotor was by tipjets, fed with fuel and compressed air from the
       engine. Two small anti-torque tail rotors were fitted. It was
       evaluated by the US Army, but was not ordered. 
       Type: XV-1
       Task: Experimental
       Year: 1954  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 405kW Continental R-975-19
       Max. Speed: 322km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Load: 3 seats
V-1 Mohawk, Grumman 
       (P-USA-A-AR-MN-N-TW2)
       The OV-1 is a STOL aircraft intended for COIN duties. It has twin
       turboprop engines and, for single-engine stability, triple tailfins.
       Later versions carried a SLAR pod. The RV-1's were electronic warfare
       conversions to track SAM radars. The original EV-1 electronic warfare
       version was not sold to the US forces. The OV-1 was retired from 
       US service in late 1996. Some were already transferred to Argentina.
       Type: OV-1B
       Task: tactical reconaissance
       Year: 1960  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 810kW Lycoming T53-L-15
       Max. Speed: 480km/h  Ceiling: 9250m  Max. Range: 2140km
       Armament:
       Type: OV-1D
       Function: tactical reconaissance
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1044kW Avco Lycoming T53-L-701
       Wing Span: 14.63m  Length: 12.50m  Height: 3.86m  Wing Area: 33.44m2
       Empty Weight: 5486kg  Max.Weight: 8214kg
       Speed: 491km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1627km
       Armament: 
V-2, Sikorsky
       (P-USA-AV-X-?-?-AR1)
       Sikorsky S.57, a convertiplane powered by a radial engine. Cancelled.
V-2, de Havilland Canada
       (P-USA-A-C-HN-N-ARW2)
       CV-2 was an US Army designation for the DHC-4. Later renamed {C-7}.
V-3, Bell
       (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-AR1)
       The XV-3 was an experimental VTOL with a tilting rotor/propeller
       at each wingtip. The engine was buried in the box-like fuselage.
       Jetpipes at the tail were added. Two built, the second one became
       the world's first convertiplane to achieve a transition from
       vertical to horizontal flight. 
       Type: XV-3
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1955  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330kW P&W R-985-AN-3
       Wing Span: 9.54m  Length: 9.23m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2177kg
       Max. Speed: 291km/h  Ceiling: 3600m  Max. Range:
       Load: 3 seats
V-4 Hummingbird, Lockheed
       (P-USA-AV-X-MN-N-J2)
       Experimental VTOL, two built. The VTOL characteristics were
       attained by expelling the exhaust through large openings in
       the lower fuselage; this was augmented by air sucked in by
       openings in the upper fuselage. The XV-4B was a modified
       version that used only direct jet lift. 
       Type: XV-4A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1962  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1360kg P&W JT12A-3
       Wing Span: 7.82m  Length: 9.96m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 3265kg
       Max. Speed: 833km/h at 3050m  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 540km
V-5, Ryan
       (P-USA-AV-X-LD-N-J2)
       Experimental VTOL, two built. The XV-5A had large fans in the
       wings and the nose, and the jet exhaust under the tail could
       be deflected downwards.
       Type: XV-5B
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1964  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1200kg G.E. J85-GE-5
       Max. Speed: 880km/h  Ceiling: 12200m  Max. Range: 1600km
       Armament:
V-6 Kestrel, Hawker 
       (M-GB-V-X-HS-N-J1)
       The precursor of the AV-8 Harrier, Hawker-Siddeley P.1127. As
       evaluated by the USAF.
V-7, de Havilland Canada
       (P-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       The CV-7 became known as the {C-8} after the aircraft, like
       all fixed-wing types, was transferred from the US Army to the
       USAF. This also cut short the number of aircraft ordered. 
V-8 Harrier, McDonnell Douglas
       (M-GB&USA-V-A-HS-N-J1)
       The Harrier, a British design, is the only operational Western
       VTOL aircraft. U.S. Harriers, AV-8s, are used by the Marine Corps.
       The AV-8A was later replaced by the AV-8B with 50% more internal
       fuel and 70% more external ordnance.
       Type: AV-8B
       Function: attack
       Year: 1983  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 9730kg R.R. F402-RR-408
       Wing Span: 9.25m  Length: 14.50m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 21.30m2
       Empty Weight: 6344kg  Max.Weight: 14061kg
       Speed: M 0.93  Ceiling:   Range: 1205km
       Armament: 1*g25mm, 6003kg
V-8 Fleep, Ryan
       (P-USA-A-X-*-*-AI1)
       The XV-8 has a flexible hang-glider wing. It was an ultralight,
       with a pusher prop. One built.
       Type: XV-8A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1963  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 155kW Continental IO-360-A
       Max. Speed: 105km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
V-9, Hughes
       (P-USA-H-X-R3-N-J2)
       Experimental compound helicopter, one built. The engine exhaust
       was ducted through the rotor hub and the blades, and expelled
       from the rotor tips. The system proved reliable, but the aircraft
       itself had bad characteristics.
       Type: XV-9A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1964  Crew:   Engines: 2 * G.E. YT64-GE-6
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
V-10 Bronco, North American / Rockwell 
       (P-USA-A-ARU-HN-T-T2|T2&J1)
       COIN aircraft, a twin-boom, twin-turboprop aircraft. The OV-10 had a
       large bulged cockpit for good view, two pylons under the fuselage for
       the weapons load, and a cargo hold in the aft fuselage for transport
       and paradrops. It played an important role in the Vietnam war as FAC.
       German OV-10s had a jet engine on top of the fuselage, to increase the
       performance for target-towing. Retired from US service in 1994.
       Type: OV-10A
       Task: tactical reconaissance.
       Year: 1965  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 533kW Garrett T76-G-416/417
       Wing Span: 12.19m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 3127kg  Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: 452km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range: 2225km
       Armament: 4*mg7.62mm, 1635kg
V-11 Marvel, Parsons
       (P-USA-A-X-?-?-TP1)
       Developed by the Mississipi State University, as a testbed
       for boundary layer control. It had a T-63-A engine and a pusher
       propeller.
V-12, Rockwell
       (P-USA-AV-F-HS-N-J1)
       See {FV-12}. 
V-15, Bell
       (M-USA-AV-X-HN-N-TW2)
       A tilt-engine VTOL aircraft, precursor of the {V-22} Osprey. As
       in the latter, the engines are at the wingtips and rotate for VTOL.
       It had an advanced stability and control system. 
       Type: XV-15
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1977  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1156kW Avco Lycoming LTC1K-4K
       Total Span: 17.42m  Length: 12.83m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 5897kg
       Max. Speed: 615km/h  Ceiling: 8840m  Max. Range: 825km
V-16 Super Harrier, McDonnell Douglas / Hawker Siddeley
       (P-USA&GB-AV-FA-HS-N-J1)
       The AV-16 was a development of the A{V-8} Harrier. Cancelled,
       because uprating the R.R. Pegasus engine was considered too
       costly.
V-18, de Havilland Canada
       (M-CANADA-A-C-HN-N-TW2)
       The UV-18 was a military de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter.
V-20 Chiricahua, Pilatus
       (P-USA-A-U-HN-N-T1)
       The UV-20 was the PC-6 Turbo Porter, a STOL transport.
       Type: PC-6/B2-H2
       Function: utility
       Year:    Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 507kW P&WC PT6A-27
       Speed: 259km/h   Ceiling: 8535m  Range: 1620km
       Load: 10 seats.
V-22 Osprey, Bell-Boeing
       (M-USA-AV-CU-HN-N-TW2)
       The V-22 is destined to be the first operational tilt-rotor aircraft.
       It has the configuration of the smaller {V-15}, with rotating engine
       pods set at the wingtips. The fuselage is box-like. The wing is set
       above the fuselage, and can rotate to be parallel with the fuselage,
       for storage. Possible production versions include the MV-22 for the
       USMC, HV-22 and SV-22 for the USN, and CV-22 for the USAF. The
       programme is under constant treat of budget cuts. Current plans
       are for 523: 425 for the USMC, 48 for the USN and 50 for the
       USAF. First deliveries expected in 1999.
       Type: V-22
       Task: VTOL prototype
       Year: 1989  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 3865kW Allison T406-AD-400
       Total Span: 25.55m  Length: 17.48m  Height: 5.38m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 15032kg  Max.Weight: 27442kg
       Max. Speed: 510km/h  Ceiling: 3444m  Max. Range: 3892km
       Armament/Load: 24 seats
V-23 Skytrader
       (M-USA-A-U-?-?-T2)
       STOL utility aircraft, tested by the USAF as special operations
       transport.
       Type: UV-23
       Year: 1989  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 761kW Turbomeca Astazou XVI
       Speed: 371km/h  Ceiling: 9145m  Range: 2130km
       Freight: 19 seats
V-141, Vought 
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Vought bought the Northrop 3A (X{P-948}) design, and rapidly
       developed the V-141 from it. The USAAC didn't want the V-141,
       because of its poor flying characteristics. Vought then
       modified it and tried to export it as the V-143. 
       Type: V-141
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 750hp P&W R-1535-SA1-G
       Wing Span: 10.2m  Length: 6.81m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1594kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 483km/h  Ceiling: 9330m  Range: 1530km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 158kg
V-143, Vought 
       (I-USA-A-F-LN-N-AR1)
       Development of the {V-141}, actually a modification of the prototype,
       initially only involving redesign of the tail surfaces. Later the 
       V-143 was modified more, with a long fuselage. Northrop (that still
       owned the export rights) sold the by now obsolete V-143 to Japan 
       for a fraction of the cost: $64800. The V-143 provided some
       inspiration for a new generation of Japanese combat aircraft,
       but did not, as was alledged later, contribute significantly to
       the design of the A6M 'Zero'. 
       Type: V-143
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 825hp P&W R-1535-SB4G
       Wing Span: 10.21m  Length: 7.92m  Height: 2.84m  Wing Area: 17.37m2
       Empty Weight: 1583kg  Max.Weight: 1982kg
       Speed: 470km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1300km
       Armament:  
V-150, Vought
       Fighter aircraft marketed by Vought, that actually didn't exist. 
V-173, Vought
       (S-USA-A-X-*-F-?1)
       Pancake-shaped test aircraft, an aerodynamic prototype for the
       {F5U} fighter. The V-173 flew well. 
       Type: V-173
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 *
       Speed: 240km/h   Ceiling:   Range:
VCP-1, Engineering Division
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       Single-seat biplane fighter, a structurally advanced aircraft with
       a wooden monococque fuselage, and single-bay biplane wings with I-
       struts. The role of the prototype was later changed to that of
       racing aircraft, and it was renamed {R-1}.
       Type: VCP-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 660hp Packard 1A-2025
       Wing Span: 9.75m  Length: 6.81m  Height: 2.54m  Wing Area: 24.99m2
       Empty Weight: 913kg  Max.Weight: 1211kg
       Speed: 248km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 479km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
VCP-2, Engineering Division
       (I-USA-A-F-B-N-IL1)
       See {PW-1}. 
VE-7 Bluebird, Lewis-Vought
       (I-USA-A|AS-T|F-B-N-IL1)
       Post-WWI advanced trainer biplane, the first product of Lewis &
       Vought. Of the 129 built, a large portion were VE-7G two-seat
       fighters or VE-7S single-seat fighters (64 built). They could
       also be equipped with flotation gear, or with full float
       undercarriage. 
       Type: VE-7SF
       Task: trainer
       Year: 1921  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza
       Wing Span: 10.40m  Length: 7.44m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 26.43m2
       Empty Weight: 683kg  Max.Weight: 953kg
       Max. Speed: 188km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 470km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm
VE-8, Lewis-Vought
       (I-USA-A|AS-F-B-N-IL1)
       This was a smaller development of the {VE-7}, with a more powerful
       engine. Only two were built. The VE-8 was considered overweight,
       with poor performance and sluggish handling.
       Type: VE-8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza H
       Wing Span: 9.45m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 2.64m  Wing Area: 28.52m2
       Empty Weight: 1105kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
VE-9, Lewis-Vought       
       (I-USA-AC|AS-F|R-B-N-IL1)
       Slightly improved {VE-7}. It was built as a single-seat shipboard
       fighter (VE-9) and as a two-seat observation floatplane for
       catapult use (VE-9H). It was powered by a 180hp Wright Hispano E-3.
Viking 00-1
       (I-F-AF-U-B-N-AR1)
       License-built version of the French {F.B.A.17} biplane flying boat,
       powered by Wright J-6 radial engines. Five built for the US Coast
       Guard.
VZ-1, Hiller
       (P-USA-V-X-*-*-?)       
       One-man flying platform, propelled by a ducted airscrew. Two built.
VZ-2, Vertol
       (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1)
       The VZ-2 served to study the convertiplane concept. It had a
       rectangular open-rig fuselage. The engine was carried on top,
       with a split exhaust to avoid the rudder. Two propellers were
       fitted to the wingm which was tilted to achieve VTOL, and two
       fans were installed in the tail for control. 
       Type: VZ-2A
       Task: VTOL experimental
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 640kW Lycoming YT-53-L-1
       Wing Span: 7.59m  Length: 8.05m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
VZ-3 Vertiplane, Ryan
       (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1)
       Experimental V/STOL aircraft. The VZ-3 had extremely large flaps
       and endplates under the wingtips, deflecting the slipstream from
       two propellers downwards. The engine was buried in the fuselage. 
       Type: VZ-3RY
       Task: STOL experimental
       Year: 1958  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 740kW Lycoming T53-L-1
       Wing Span: 7.14m  Length: 8.43m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1180kg
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
VZ-4, Doak
       (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1)
       Small VTOL test aircraft. The engine was buried in the fuselage
       and powered large ducted, eight-bladed propellers at the wingtips.
       The exhaust was piped to the tail to provide control in hovering
       flight. One built. 
       Type: VZ-4DA
       Task: VTOL experimental
       Year: 1958  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 625kW Lycoming YT53
       Wing Span: 7.77m  Length: 9.75m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1452kg
       Max. Speed: 370km/h at S/L  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 370km
       Armament:
VZ-5, Fairchild
       (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-T1)
       The VZ-5 was very similar to the {VZ-3}, but it had four propellers
       and a small tail rotor.
VZ-6, Chrysler
       (P-USA-AV-X-*-*-AI1)
       Ducted-fan testbed, a so-called "flying jeep" with two ducted
       propellers fore and aft of the seat. They suffered from lateral
       instability. Two built. 
       Type: VZ-6
       Function: experimental VTOL
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Lycoming 
       Wing Span:   Length: 6.55m  Height: 1.57m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1088kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
VZ-7, Curtiss-Wright 
       (P-USA-AV-X-*-*-T1)
       Another flying jeep. It was a rig with four vertical propellers,
       powered by a Turbomeca Artouste turboshaft. Two were built. They
       worked well, but not meed the required performance standards.
       Type: VZ-7
       Function: experimental VTOL
       Year: 1958  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 1 * 425hp Turbomeca Artouste IIB
       Span: 4.87m  Length: 5.18m  Height: 2.83m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 771kg  Max.Weight: 952kg
       Speed: 51km/h  Ceiling: 60m  Range: 
VZ-8 Airgeep, Piasecki 
       (P-USA-AV-X-*-*-AI2|T1|T2)
       The "airgeep" was the most successful of al flying jeeps. It had
       two three-bladed, horizontal ducted rotors fore and aft of the
       fuselage. It looked like a flying liferaft, rather than a flying
       jeep. The original two 180hp Lycoming engines were replaced by
       a single turboshaft engine after delivery. The VZ-8 was also
       tested by the USN. Another VZ-8P, called VZ-8P (B), was powered
       by two Artouste engines and had an angled rear duct. 
       Type: VZ-8P
       Task: VTOL experimental
       Year: 1959  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 390kW Turbomeca Artouste IIC
       Width: 2.87m  Length: 7.95m  Height: 2.01m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 838kg  Max.Weight: 1065kg
       Max. Speed: 104km/h  Ceiling: 915m  Max. Range: 40km
VZ-9 Avrocar, Avro
       (I-USA-AV-X-*-*-J3)
       A true flying soucer. A circular craft with a large central fan,
       that sucked in air from the upper side and expelled it at the
       edges of the disk. Never did more than hover at low altitude,
       and was abandoned after seven months because of stability problems.
       Type: VZ-9V
       Task: VTOL experimental
       Year: 1959  Crew: 2  Engines: 3 * 450kg Continental J69
       Max. Speed: 483km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range: 1600km
       Armament:
VZ-10 Hummingbird, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-AV-X-MN-N-J2)
       Renamed {V-4}.
VZ-11, Ryan 
       (P-USA-AV-X-LD-N-J2)
       Renamed X{V-5}.
VZ-12, Hawker
       (M-GB-V-X-HS-N-J1)
       Renamed X{V-6}.
--W---------------------------------------------------------------------------
W2F Hawkeye, Grumman 
       (M-USA-AC-E-HN-N-TW2)
       Renamed {E-2}.
W2V, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-E-LN-N-TW4)
       Version of the {WV} with turboprop engines. Not built.
WF Tracer, Grumman
       (P-USA-AC-E-HN-N-ARW2)
       Renamed {E-1}.
WP-1, Wright
       (I-D&USA-A-F-PN-N-IL1)
       This fighter was evaluated by the US Navy in 1923. It was actually
       the German Dornier H Falke all-metal parasol-wing fighter. 
       Type: WP-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 320hp Wright H-3
       Wing Span: 10.00m  Length: 7.43m  Height: 2.66m  Wing Area: 20.0m2
       Empty Weight: 825kg  Max.Weight: 1213kg
       Speed: 261km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 349km
       Armament: 
WV, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-A-E-LN-N-ARW4)
       AEW version of the {C-121} / {R7V} Constellation. The WV-1 was
       equivalent to the EC-121, with large bulge radomes above and
       below the fuselage. The WV-2 had a large saucer radome, mounted
       on a fin on top of the fuselage. The WV-3 was a wheater recce
       version.
--X---------------------------------------------------------------------------
X-1, Bell
       (P-USA-A-X-MN-N-K1)
       The three X-1's were high-speed research aircraft, carried to
       altitude by {B-29}s because the fuel supply for their rocket engines
       did not allow a normal take-off. On 14 October 1947 a X-1 piloted
       by C. Yeager was the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound.
       Type: X-1A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1946  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2720kg Reaction Motros E6000-C4
       Max. Speed: 2655km/h  Ceiling: 27400m  Max. Range:
       Armament: none
X-2, Bell
       (P-USA-A-X-LS-N-K1)
       High-speed research aircraft. The X-2 had swept wings, and was
       designed to investigate the problems of high-mach flight.
       Development was slow, and the X-2 flight program was too late to
       provide data for the first Mach 2 fighters. The speed record of
       Mach 3.2 ended with a fatal crash; another X-2 was lost in an
       explosion while still on the carrier aircraft. As a research
       project, the X-2 was considered a failure, despite its high
       performance. Two built.
       Type: X-2
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1946  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 6804kg Curtiss-Wright XLR-25-CW-1
       Wing Span: 9.85m  Length: 12.50m  Height: 3.59m  Wing Area: 24.19m2
       Empty Weight: 5542kg  Max.Weight: 11200kg
       Max. Speed: M3.2 at 20000m  Ceiling: 38405m  Max. Range:
X-3 Stiletto, Douglas
       (P-USA-A-X-LN-N-J2)
       The X-3 was intended for sustained Mach 2 research fights. A very
       slim fuselage was combined with a small, straight, thin wing; the
       long nose cone housed the research equipment. The J-46 engine was
       never available, and drag being higher than expected, the X-3 was
       incapable of exceeding Mach 1. The wing shape was used for the
       {X-15} and {F-104}.
       Type: X-3
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1952  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1905kg Westinghouse J34-WE-17
       Max. Speed: M0.98  Ceiling:   Max. Range:
       Armament:
X-4 Bantam, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-X-LS-F-J2)
       Very small tailless, jet-engined research aircraft. Northrop was
       the obvious choice to build it. Flight tests were not entirely
       satisfactory, because the X-4 became unstable at high subsonic
       speeds. Two built, the first one made only ten flights before
       it was used as a source of spare parts for the second one. 
       Type: X-4
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * Westinghouse J30-WE-7/-9
       Wing Span: 8.18m  Length: 7.09m  Height: 4.52m  Wing Area: 18.6m2
       Empty Weight: 2540kg  Max.Weight: 3548kg
       Max. Speed: 1035km/h  Ceiling: 13400m  Max. Range: 515km
X-5, Bell
       (P-USA-A-X-MS-P-J1)
       Variable geometry research aircraft, developed from the German
       Messerschmitt {P.1101}, with almost the same fuselage but a new
       wing sweep mechanism. Two built.
       Type: X-5
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1951  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2680kg Allison J35-A-17
       Wing Span: 10.21m/6.32m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 4479kg
       Max. Speed: 1046km/h  Ceiling:   Max. Range: 1205km
       Armament:
X-6, Convair
       (P-USA-A-X-HN-N-*)
       Cancelled. Would have been a nuclear-powered {B-36}.
X-7, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-X-?-?-?)
       Unmanned ramjet test bed series. 61 built.
X-8, Aerojet General
       (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?)
       ?
X-9 Shrike, Bell
       (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?)
       ?
X-10, North American
       (P-USA-*-X-?-?-J2)
       Series of test vehicles for the intercontinental Navaho cruise
       missile (See {B-64}.) They were unmanned, powered by two J40
       engines, and had retractable landing gear for recovery. 
X-11, Convair
       (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?)
       ?
X-12, Convair
       (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?)
       ?
X-13 Vertijet, Ryan
       (P-USA-AV-X-HD-N-J1)
       VTOL-aircraft, two built. The X-13 was a tail-sitter with a
       large delta-wing. The X-13 is said to have had good control
       near the ground, quite unlike earlier tail-sitters as the
       X{FV}-1 and X{FY}-1. It did need a special ramp for take-off
       and landing, however. 
       Type: X-13
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1955  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 4535kg R.R. Avon
       Max. Speed:   Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
X-14, Bell
       (P-USA-AV-X-MN-N-J2)
       Odd-looking VTOL research aircraft. The X-14 had two jet engines
       in the extreme nose, an open cockpit and fixed landing gear. For
       VTOL the trust was deflected downwards by diverters after the
       engines. One built.
       Type: X-14
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1957  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 795kg Armstron Siddeley Viper ASV8J
       Max. Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
       Armament:
X-15, North American
       (M-USA-A-X-MN-N-K1)
       On the limit of aircraft and spacecraft, the X-15 reached Mach 6.72
       and an height of 107960m. The X-15 was designed to resist the heat
       and friction of atmospheric reentry. It was powered by rocket
       engines. The X-15A-2 version could carry two large external fuel
       tanks. Three X-15s were built, one was lost.
       Type: X-15A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 31750kg Reaction Motors XLR-99
       Wing Span: 6.71m  Length: 15.24m  Height: 4.12m  Wing Area: 18.58m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 15422kg
       Max. Speed: 6600km/h  Ceiling: 95900m  Max. Range:
X-16, Bell
       (P-USA-A-R-HS-N-JU2)
       Design for a high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The X-16 was the
       choice of the USAF, but it was later cancelled in favour of the
       CIA-sponsored {U-2}. The X-16 had enormous wings with slight sweep,
       and a podded engine under each wing.
       Type: X-16
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1955  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 4500kg P&W 
       Wing Span: 35m  Length: 18m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
X-17, Lockheed 
       (P-USA-?-X-?-?-?)
       Three-stage test vehicle.
X-18, Hiller
       (P-USA-AV-X-HN-N-WT2)
       The X-18 had a rectangular fuselage, borrowed from the Chase
       {C-122}, and a short-span wing. The two powerful turboprop
       engines with contra-rotating propellers were placed halfway
       under the wing; the entire wing was rotated during takeoff.
       The jet engine was in the tail; its exhaust was diverted
       upwards and downwards to control the aircraft at low speeds.
       The X-18 contributed a lot to the development of the {C-142}. 
       Type: X-18
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1959  Crew: 2/3  Engines: 2 * 4300kg Allison T40-A-14
                                       1 * 1540kg Westinghouse J34-WE
       Wing Span: 14.63m  Length: 19.20m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 14970kg
       Max. Speed: 400km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range:
X-19, Curtiss-Wright
       (P-USA-AV-X-*-N-T2)
       Experimental VTOL. It was a tandem-wing design, with the tailplane
       being larger than the front wing. The engines were installed in
       the aft fuselage decking. They drove four rotors at the tips of
       the wings, which could be rotated. Curtiss-Wright called it the
       X-200, and it was a derivative of the earlier X-100. One X-19A
       was built. The destruction of the X-19A halted the testing at an
       early stage. 
       Type: X-19A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1960  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 2200hp Lycoming T55-L-5
       Wing Span: 6.55m  Length: 12.83m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 6170kg
       Max. Speed: 730km/h  Ceiling:    Max. Range: 525km
       Armament:
X-20 Dyna-Soar, Boeing
       (P-USA-*-X-?-?-?)
       Design for a spaceplane. The X-20 was just the first step of
       the DynaSoar project, a technology demonstrator with a speed of
       24000km/h and a half-orbital range. The project was defined in
       1959, but never went beyond mock-up stage. X-20 was intended to
       be launched by Titan I rocket. 
       Type: X-20 (mockup)
       Function: experimental
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: . 
       Wing Span: 6.17m  Length: 10.77m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
X-21, Northrop
       (P-USA-A-X-HS-N-J2)
       Conversions of two Douglas W{B-66}D wheater reconaissance
       aircraft to test a laminar-flow control system. They had,
       of course, a new wing, and the engines were moved to the
       tail to keep the wing clean. 
X-22, Bell
       (P-USA-AV-X-*-N-T4)
       VTOL aircraft. The four engines were placed at the wing roots.
       Large, rotating ducted fans were positioned at the front and in the
       leading edges of wing. Two built. Considered a succes, especially
       after the second one was fitted with a variable stability system.
       Type: X-22A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1966  Crew: 2  Engines: 4 * 920kW G.E. YT58-GE-8D
       Max. Speed: 510km/h  Ceiling: 4570m  Max. Range: 710km
       Armament:
X-23 Prime, Martin-Marietta
       (P-USA-*-X-?-?-*)
       One built. Unmanned proof-of-concept model of the {X-24}. The
       X-23 was launched by an Atlas missile. 'Prime' is an acronym
       for Precision Recovery Including Maneuvring Entry. Three were
       built.
       Type: X-23A
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1966  Crew: 0  Engines: (Atlas launch rocket)
       Span: 1.22m  Length: 2.04m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 405kg
       Speed: 25745km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
X-24, Martin-Marietta
       (P-USA-A-X-*-*-K1)
       The X-24 was a lifting-body research vehicle. The X-24 was of
       bulbous shape with a flat bottom and twin fins; there were
       no wing surfaces, all lift being provided by the fuselage.
       The X-24B was a rebuilt version with a flatter bottom, ending
       in sharp horizontal edges. One built. 
       Type: X-24A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1967  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3620kg Thiokol XLR11-RM-13
       Span: 4.16m  Length: 7.47m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Max. Speed: M1.62  Ceiling: 21765m  Max. Range:
       Armament:
       Type: X-24B
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1973  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 43kN Thiokol XLR11
       Span: 5.8m  Length: 11.43m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: M1.76  Ceiling: 22300m  Range:
       Armament:
X-25, Bensen
       (?-USA-RG-R2-N-0)
       Single-seat autogiro glider, a small open frame with a seat and a
       two-bladed rotor; unpowered.
X-26 Frigate, Schweizer
       (?-USA-G-X-?N-N-0)
       Sailplane, used for high lift-to-drag ratio exercises and
       to demonstrate the characteristics of high aspect ratio wings.
X-27, Lockheed
       (P-USA-A-F-HN-N-J1)
       Assigned to the CL-1200 Lancer, a fighter project from Lockheed.
       Not built.
X-28 Sea Skimmer, Pereira
       (?-USA-AF-X-?-?-AI1)
       Single-seat flying boat, homebuilt by George Pereira. The USN
       tested the X-28 as a candidate for civil patrol duties in South
       East Asia.
       Type: X-28A
       Task: experimental
       Year:    Crew:   Engines: 1 * 90hp Continental C-90-12
       Max. Speed: 217km/h  Ceiling: 5486m  Max. Range: 595km
       Armament:
X-29, Grumman
       (M-USA-A-X-*-N-J1)
       The two X-29s were built to test a forward-swept wing of composite
       structure. The X-29 incorporates the forward fuselage of the {F-5}
       and the landing gear of the {F-16}. It has close-coupled,
       all-moving canards. The X-29s made 374 flights, before they were
       put in storage.
       Type: X-29
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1984  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 71.2kN G.E. F404-GE-400
       Wing Span: 8.29m  Length: 16.44m  Height: 4.36m  Wing Area: 17.54m2
       Empty Weight: 6260kg  Max.Weight: 8074kg
       Max. Speed: M1.46  Ceiling: 12200m  Max. Range:
X-30
       The X-30 or NASP was a proposal for a Mach 25 space
       plane. It was cancelled in 1993, because it was too
       ambitious and too costly. 
X-31, Rockwell-MBB
       (M-USA-A-X-LD-N-J1)
       The X-31 is designed to develop techniques for enhanced
       maneuvrability. The German MBB contributed the wings and
       the jet exhaust deflectors; Rockwell built the fuselage and
       and tail surfaces. Components from the {F-16}, {F-18} and
       {F-20} were used to minimize cost. The X-31 has a large
       cranked delta wing, canard foreplanes, and vanes in the jet
       exhaust to direct the trust. It is capable of manuevres in
       which the nose points in a different direction than the line
       of flight. Two were built.
       Type: X-31A
       Task: experimental
       Year: 1990   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 71.17kN G.E. F404-GE-400
       Wing Span: 7.26m  Length: 14.85m  Height: 4.44m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
X-32, Boeing
       (M-USA-A|AV-F-?-?-J1)
       Other prototype for the JSF program, with a different design
       concept than the {X-35}. The Boeing design uses an engine with
       two Harrier-style rotating nozzles and a vectoring main nozzle. 
       Max. Speed: M1.3  Ceiling: 12200m  Max. Range:
X-35, Lockheed Martin
       (M-USA-A|AV-F-?-?-J1)
       Single-seat, single-engined experimental aircraft, to be built
       in the JSF program. The X-35A will be a conventional version,
       and the X-35B the ASTOVL (Advanced Short-Take Off and Vertical
       Landing) demonstrator. The Lockheed Martin Concept uses a
       shaft-driven fan and a rotating jet nozzle to achieve ASTOVL
       performance. An alternative model is the {X-32}.
X-36, McDonnell Douglas
       (M-USA-A-X-?-F-J1)
       Unmanned tailless aircraft, an aerodynamic demonstrator on 28%
       scale for a new generation of stealthy fighter aircraft. It was
       first flown in May 1997.
       Type: X-36
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1996  Crew: 0  Engines: 1 * 3.11kN Williams Research F112
       Wing Span: 3.35m  Length: 5.79m  Height: 0.91m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 590kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
X-38, Rutan
       Prototype for a 6/7 seat emergency return vehicle for the
       space station. A lifting body craft. Three have been ordered. 
XS-1, Bell 
       (P-USA-A-X-MN-N-K1)
       Renamed {X-1}.
XS-1, Cox-Klemin 
       (I-USA-A-R-B-N-?1)
       Observation aircraft to be carried by submarines, developed from
       the {TW-2}.
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