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Version of 12 June 1998
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--A---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A.1 Balilla, Ansaldo
       The Ballila was a smaller development of the {S.V.A.} series.
       It went back to the original concept of a fast fighter. But
       with the same engine the A.1 was both slower and less
       maneuvrable than the S.V.A.! 75 of the 166 built were sold
       to Poland, which built 50 more. The Balilla was used in the
       war between Poland and the USSR in 1920.
       Type: A.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 160kW S.P.A. 6A
       Wing Span: 7.68m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 2.85m  Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 640kg  Max.Weight: 885kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 1h 30m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
A 3, Breda
       Four-engined biplane bomber.
A 4, Breda
       Biplane trainer, a very popular aircraft.
       Type: A 4
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1924  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 130hp Colombo 110D
       Speed: 140km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
A 7, Breda
       Two-seat parasol-wing reconnaissance aircraft.
A 8, Breda
       Twin-engined biplane bomber.
A 9, Breda
       Acrobatic trainer. 36 built.
A 106, Agusta
       The A 106 was a small single-seat ASW helicopter. Few were built.
       Type: A 106
       Function: attack
       Year: 1966  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 240kW Turbomeca-Agusta
       Speed: 177km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 740km
       Armament: 2000kg
A 109, Agusta
       Multi-purpose helicopter. The first A 109 flew in 1971. Production
       still continues. There ware known military tactical transport and
       anti-tank versions, as well as commercial models. 
       Type: A 109 Mk.I
       Function: utility
       Year: 1976  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 2 * 258kW Allison 250-C20B
       Speed: 278km/h  Ceiling: 4970m  Range: 615km
       Load: 7 seats
       Armament:
A 115, Ansaldo
       Reconnaissance aircraft.
A 119, Agusta
       Planned 11-seat development of the {A 109}. Not built.
A 120 Ady, Ansaldo
       Reconnaissance aircraft. The A 120 was built after Ansaldo had
       been bought by Fiat.
       Type: A 120
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1927  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 700hp Fiat A.24
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
A 129 Mangusta, Agusta
       Anti-tank helicopter, a relatively small aircraft with a hump-backed
       appearance due to the strongly staggered tandem cockpits.
       Type: A 129
       Function: attack
       Year: 1990  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 615kW R.R. Gem 2 Mk 1004D
       Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 670km
       Armament: 1200kg
A 300, Ansaldo
       This was a mulit-role biplane, used as bomber, reconnaissance
       aircraft, transport and even fighter. The design dated back
       to WWI, but the A 300 was kept in production until 1928 and
       some were still in service in 1940. Large numbers were built
       for the expanding air force of the fascist government.
       Type: A 300/4
       Function: utility
       Year: 1922  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 300hp Fiat A.12bis
       Speed: 198km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
AB 204, Agusta-Bell
       License-built version of the U.S. Bell 204 helicopter.
AB 205, Agusta-Bell
       License-built version of the U.S. Bell 205 helicopter.
AB 206, Agusta-Bell
       License-built version of the U.S. Bell 206 helicopter.
AB 212, Agusta-Bell
       License-built version of the U.S. Bell 212 helicopter.
AB 412, Agusta-Bell
       License-built version of the U.S. Bell 412 helicopter.
AC 1, Ansaldo
       License-built version of the French Dewoitine {D.1} parasol-wing
       monoplane fighter. 
AC 2, Ansaldo
       Development of the {AC 1}, slightly smaller. 112 built.
       Type: AC 2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 42-8
       Wing Span: 10.88m  Length: 7.38m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 20.00m2
       Empty Weight: 829kg  Max.Weight: 1144kg
       Speed: 242km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.6hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
AC 3, Ansaldo
       Parasol monoplane, a license-built French Dewoitine {D.9}.
       The AC 3 was used mainly as attack aircraft. One
       set a 11861m altitude record in 1936. 150 built.
       Type: AC 3
       Function: attack
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter IV
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.28m  Height: 2.93m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 959kg  Max.Weight: 1352kg
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.8hrs
       Armament: 4*mg7.62mm
AC 4, Ansaldo
       Development of the {AC 2} with a Fiat engine. One built.
       Type: AC 4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 410hp Fiat A.20
       Wing Span: 10.88m  Length: 7.38m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 20.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1010kg  Max.Weight: 1306kg
       Speed: 253km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.3hrs
       Armament: 
Adamoli-Cattani
       Biplane fighter, designed around a 200hp Le Rhone rotary engine.
       The engine did not deliver the expected power, and the aircraft
       was abandoned. One built.
       Type: Adamoli-Cattani
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 160hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 8.60m  Length: 6.10m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 470kg  Max.Weight: 675kg
       Speed: (300km/h)  Ceiling:   Range: (2.25hrs)
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
AM-3, Aerfer-Aermacchi
       High-wing cabin monoplane for the battlefield surveillance and FAC
       role. Used by the South African Airforce under the name of 'Bosbok'.
       Type: AM-3C
       Function: utility
       Year: 1970  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250kW Piaggio LGSO 480 B1B6
       Speed: 278km/h  Ceiling: 8400m  Range: 990km
       Load: 3 seats
Ambrosini 404
       Four-engined long-range bomber design. The engines of the 404
       were to be housed in the fuselage, driving tandem propellors
       in circular ducts flanking the fuselage. Not built. 
AMX, Aeritalia-Embraer-Aermacchi
       This is a light attack aircraft, jointly developed in Italy
       and Brazil. The AMX has a small shoulder-mounted swept wing,
       optimized for flight at low altitude, and fly-by-wire controls.
       It is a small and agile aircraft. Italian aircraft have a single
       20mm M61 cannon, and Brazilian aircraft two 30mm DEFA cannon.
       A two-seat electronic warfare version is under development. 
       Type: AMX
       Function: attack
       Year: 1988  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 5000kg R.R. RB168 Spey 807
       Speed: M0.86  Ceiling: 13000m  Range: 3150km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 3800kg
AP 1, Caproni
       Attack monoplane. See also {Ca.301}.
A.R.F., Fiat
       Long-distance version of the {B.R.}.
Ariete, Aerfer
       Development of the {Sagittario}. The Ariete had a light
       additional jet engine in the tail, the main engine remaining
       in the front fuselage, with an auxiliary dorsal intake. One
       built.
       Type: Ariete
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1958  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1633kg R.R. Derwent 9
                                     1 *  820kg R.R. Soar RSr 2
       Wing Span: 7.50m  Length: 9.60m  Height:   Wing Area: 14.50m2
       Empty Weight: 2400kg  Max.Weight: 3535kg
       Speed: 1080km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm
AS-14, Fiat
       Attack aircraft, a development of the {RS-14}. One built.
       Armament was to be impressive: one 45mm cannon, seven 12.7mm
       guns and two 7.7mm guns.
Atlantic, Dassault-Breguet
       The {Atlantic} is a French twin-engined ASW aircraft. 16 are
       in Italian service.
A.U.T.18
       All-metal, stressed-skin, low-wing monoplane fighter. The
       A.U.T.18 was a good-looking fighter, but it did not offer
       any significant advantages over the {G.50} and {MC.200.}
       One built.
       Type: 18
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1030hp Fiat A.80 R.C.41
       Wing Span: 11.50m  Length: 8.56m  Height: 2.88m  Wing Area: 18.70m2
       Empty Weight: 2320kg  Max.Weight: 2975kg
       Speed: 480km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
Avanti, Piaggio P.180
       Twin-pusher, canarded exceutive aircraft. The AMI ordered a few
       to be used as VIP transport and liaison aicraft.
--B--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ba.15, Breda
       High-wing cabin monoplane, 1928. Used as trainer and liaison
       aircraft. Max speed 180km/h.
Ba.16, Breda
       High-wing reconnaissance aircraft.
Ba.19, Breda
       Single-seat advanced training biplane. Around 40 built.
       Type: Ba.19
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Alfa Romeo Lynx
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ba.25, Breda
       Basic trainer, built in large numbers for the Italian military and
       export.
       Type: Ba.25
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Walter Castor
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ba.26, Breda
       Development of the {Ba.25}. Prototype only.
Ba.27, Breda
       Low-wing fighter monoplane, with struts and bracing wires, an open
       cockpit and fixed landing gear. The original mixed construction
       version was unsatisfactory. It was completely redesigned with an
       all-metal construction. It was still rejected by the Italian air
       force, but 11 were built for China.
       Type: Ba.27 Metallico
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Alfa Romeo Mercury IVA
       Wing Span: 10.80m  Length: 7.67m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 18.85m2
       Empty Weight: 1320kg  Max.Weight: 1850kg
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 750km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Ba.28, Breda
       Development of the {Ba.25}.
       Type:
       Function:
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 370hp Piaggio Stella VII Z
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ba.44, Breda
       Biplane transport, inspired by the de Havilland {Dragon Rapide}.
       Pressed into military service in 1940. Seven built.
Ba.46, Breda
       Three-engined bomber monoplane.
Ba.64, Breda
       Lown-wing attack monoplane. The Ba.64 was built in single-seat and
       two-seat versions, but its performance was insufficient, and it was
       very vulnerable to enemy fighters.
       Type: Ba.64
       Function: attack
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 610hp Piaggio Stella IX
       Speed: 360km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ba.65, Breda
       Ground attack aircraft, development of the {Ba 64}. The Ba 65
       was an ugly low-wing monoplane, intended as multi-role aircraft,
       but only suitable as attack aircraft. It fought in the Spanish
       civil war and WWII. In the latter war the Ba 65 was very
       vulnerable to fighters. There were single-seat and two-seat
       versions. 219 built.
       Type: Ba.65
       Function: attack
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1000hp Fiat A.80 RC 41
       Wing Span: 12.10m  Length: 9.30m  Height: 3.20m	Wing Area: 23.50m2
       Empty Weight: 2400kg  Max.Weight: 2950kg
       Speed: 430km/h  Ceiling: 6300m  Range: 550km
       Armament: 1000kg 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm
Ba.75, Breda
       Attack and reconnaissance monoplane with fixed landing gear,
       powered by a 200hp Alfa Romeo 115 engine. Only prototypes
       were built. 1935.
Ba.82, Breda
       Twin-engined bomber, 1937. No production.
Ba.88 Lince, Breda
       Twin-engined heavy fighter and ground attack aircraft. The refined
       high-speed version of the Ba.88 prototype set some records, but the
       production Ba.88 was a disappointing aircraft. The 148 built were
       briefly used in North Africa before they were retired.
       Type: Ba.88
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1938  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC 40
       Wing Span: 15.60m  Length: 10.79m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 33.34m2
       Empty Weight: 4650kg  Max.Weight: 6750kg
       Speed: 490km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 1640km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 1000kg
Ba.201, Breda
       Single-seat dive bomber. The Ba.201 was a clean low-wing monoplane
       with an inverted gull wing. It was highly praised by test pilots,
       except for a disappointing maximum speed. But all available 
       Daimler-Benz DB 601 engines were to be used for fighters, and
       the Ba.201 was abandoned. Two built.
       Type: Ba.201
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1941 Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1175hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A
       Wing Span: 13.00m  Length: 11.09m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 24.84m2
       Empty Weight: 2380kg  Max. Weight: 3650kg
       Speed: 460km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1200km
       Armament: 500kg 2*mg12.7mm
Ba.202, Breda
       Attack aircraft. Never built.
B.G.A, CMASA
       Twin-engined bomber monoplane. No production.
Boeing 707
       Four Boeings 707, converted to aerial tankers are in Italian
       service.
B.R., Fiat
       This was the first bomber designed by Rosatelli for Fiat. The B.R.
       was a large biplane. A small number was built. 
       Type: B.R.
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1919  Crew:   Engines: 1 * A.14
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
B.R.1, Fiat
       Development of the {B.R.}. 150 were built for the Regia Aeronautica.
       The B.R.1 had some stability problems.
       Type: B.R.1
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1924  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 700hp Fiat A-14
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
B.R.2, Fiat
       Light bomber, a development of the {B.R.1}. 
       Type: B.R.2
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 1090hp Fiat 25
       Wing Span: 17.30m  Length: 10.66m  Height: 3.91m  Wing Area: 70.22m2
       Empty Weight: 1646kg  Max.Weight: 4195kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 6250m  Range: 1000km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 720kg
B.R.3, Fiat
       Improved {B.R.2}. About 100 built.
B.R.4, Fiat
       Light bomber, improved {B.R.3}. One built.
B.R.20 Cicogna, Fiat
       The B.R.20 was a very advanced airdraft when it appeared in 1936. 
       It was a low-wing monoplane with twin tail fins. The B.R.20 was
       used in the Spanish civil war, and 85 were sold to Japan. In WWII
       service the old aircraft did not so well, and those that joined
       German operations in the Battle of Britain and against the USSR
       suffered heavy losses.
       Type: B.R.20
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1936  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 746kW Fiat A.80 RC41
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 6400kg  Max.Weight: 9900kg
       Speed: 432km/h  Ceiling: 9000m Range: 3000km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 1600kg
B.R. G, Fiat
       Experimental parasol-winged bomber.
B.Z.308, Breda
       The B.Z.308 was an excellent design for a civil airliner, but
       as a consequence of the war it did not fly before 1948. It was
       too late to put the 308 in production. Breda ceased to exist,
       and the single aircraft built was sold to the air force.
       Type: B.Z.308
       Function: transport
       Year: 1948  Crew: 3-4  Engines: 4 * 2500hp Bristol Centaurus 568
       Speed: 441km/h  Ceiling: 7350m  Range: 7700km
       Load: 80 seats
--C--------------------------------------------------------------------------
C.200 Saetta, Macchi
       See {MC.200}.
Ca.3, Caproni
       This was a bomber biplane with three engines: two tractor engines
       in the front of the twin tail, booms, and one pusher engine in
       the back of the central nacelle. The Ca.3s were very effective
       in their attacks on Austria. The type was license-built in France.
       Type: Ca.3
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1915  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 110kW Isotta-Fraschini V-4B
       Speed: 137km/h  Ceiling: 4800m  Range: 3h 30m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 200kg
Ca.4, Caproni
       The Ca.4 used the engine layout -- two tractors and one pusher --
       of the {Ca.3}, but it was a triplane, had much better streamlining,
       and carried its bombs on a rack on the lower wing. (The nacelle was
       on the upper wing). But the low climbing speed and bulk of the
       aircraft made it unpopular. 53 built.
       Type: Ca.4
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1917  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 190kW Isotta-Fraschini
       Speed: 126km/h  Ceiling: 3000m  Range: 7h
       Armament: 4*mg 1450kg
Ca.5, Caproni
       This was a development of the {Ca.3} with increased wing surface
       and a new central nacelle, elliptical in cross-section. The Ca.5
       was selected to be built in the USA and France, and 3650 were
       ordered in Italy. The performance of the Ca.5 was not that much
       better than that of the Ca.3 and the engines were unreliable.
       Large orders were cancelled when WWI ended, but production
       continued until 1921. Over 640 were built.
       Type: Ca.5
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1917  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * Fiat A.12
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ca.18, Caproni
       This was a two-seat shoulder-wing monoplane. When Italy entered
       the war in 1914 it had a complete squadron of Caproni's. The name
       Ca.18 was applied retrospectively in the late 20's; until then
       there was no clear designation system.
       Type: Caproni
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1913  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome
       Speed: 130km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ca.24, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.18} with a 35hp engine.
Ca.25, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.18}.
Ca.36, Caproni
       This was a refined version of the {Ca.3}. From 1923 onwards
       153 were built for the rearmament program of the Mussolini
       government. The last was retired in 1927. Also known as the
       Ca.3mod. The Ca.36S was an ambulance version with an enlarged
       central nacelle.
Ca.41, Caproni
       This was a version of the {Ca.4} for the British RNAS, with
       four Liberty engines. Six were built.
Ca.43, Caproni
       Triplane seaplane.
Ca.47, Caproni
       Seaplane version of the {Ca.5}.
Ca.51, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.4}. No production.
Ca.53, Caproni
       Single-engined two-seat triplane, intended as fighter, reconnaissance
       aircraft and light bomber. 1917. No production.
Ca.61, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.3} / {Ca.5} line.
       Type: Ca.61
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 3 * 230hp
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ca.64, Caproni
       This was a, all-metal single-seat low-wing monoplane, flown in
       1924. It was Caproni's idea for a new fighter. The Ca.64 may have
       been too advanced in concept. It did not enter production.
Ca.66, Caproni
       Biplane bomber with four engines in a push/pull tandem installation.
       No prodduction.
       Type: Ca.66
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1923  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 200hp SPA
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg
Ca.67, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.66} with a shorter upper wing and two 400hp
       Lorraine engines. No production.
Ca.70, Caproni
       Small two-seat sesquiplane, intended as nightfighter. The
       configuration of the Ca.70 was similar to that of a biplane flying
       boat: The lower wing was attached to the top fuselage, and the 
       engine was placed on the leading edge of the upper wing. Only
       one built.
       Type: Ca.70
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 420hp Bristol Jupiter
       Wing Span: 15.00m  Length: 9.55m  Height: 3.78m  Wing Area: 55.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1230kg  Max.Weight: 1680kg
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
Ca.71, Caproni
       Derivative of the {Ca.70}, initially known as Ca.70L. It was
       powered by a 400hp Lorraine-Dietrich engine. Performance was
       inferior.
Ca.73, Caproni
       Sesquiplane night bomber -- in contrast with most sesquiplanes the
       upper wing was the shortest one, and both wings were above the
       fuselage. In service from 1926 to 1934.
       Type: Ca.73
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1926  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 410hp Lorraine
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
Ca.74, Caproni
       Single-seat fighter. A 400hp Jupiter engine was installed on the
       leading edge of the upper wing. No production.
Ca.79, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.73} with a longer wing span and four engines.
       No production.
       Type: Ca.79
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 4 * 500hp Isotta-Fraschini
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ca.80, Caproni
       A development of the {Ca.73} with 400hp Jupiter engines. The
       Italian air force simply called all developments also Ca.73.
Ca.82, Caproni
       Also known as Ca.73ter, a development of the {Ca.73} with 510hp
       Isotta-Fraschini engines.
Ca.88, Caproni
       A development of the {Ca.73}. The Italian air force simply called
       all developments also Ca.73.
Ca.89, Caproni
       A development of the {Ca.73}. The Italian air force simply
       called all developments also Ca.73. The Ca.89 was known as
       the Ca.73 quater G.
Ca.90, Caproni
       This big bomber was a enlarged {Ca.73}. It set a few records,
       especially load-carrying records, but never entered service.
       Type: Ca.90
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1929  Crew: 8  Engines: 6 * 740kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso
       Speed: 204km/h  Ceiling: 4500m  Range: 1290km
       Armament: 7*mg 8000kg
Ca.91, Caproni
       Flying boat derivative of the {Ca.90}. It was a sesquiplane with
       a shorter upper wing, a sleek fuselage, both sponsons and wingtip
       floats, and three tandem engine nacelles between the wings. One
       of the gunners sat in the extreme nose, the other one on top of
       the wing. The pilots had separate cockpits.
       Type: Ca.91
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year:   Crew: 4	Engines: 6 * 1000hp
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ca.95, Caproni
       High-wing bomber.
       Type: Ca.95
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 3 * 1000hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3000km
       Armament:
Ca.97,	Caproni
       The Ca.97 was the first of a new generation of Caproni aircraft,
       high-wing designs built of steel tube and cloth. The first Ca.97
       was a civil transport, but most built were 'colonial' aircraft.
       Some were also sold to the clandestine Hungarian airforce.
       Type: Ca.97 Co (?)
       Function: reconaissace
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 450hp Bristol Jupiter
       Speed: 218km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ca.100, Caproni
       A sesquiplane trainer with a shorter upper wing, broadly based
       on the de Havilland DH.60 {Moth}. About 700 built.
       Type: Ca.100
       Function: trainer / liaison
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 63kW de Havilland Gipsy
       Wing Span: 10.0m  Length: 7.30m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 24.40m2
       Empty Weight: 400kg  Max.Weight:  680kg
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 700km
       Armament:
Ca.101, Caproni
       This light bomber for 'colonial' warfare was used in the invasion of
       Ethiopia. It was a larger development of the {Ca.97}.
       Type: Ca.101
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 3	Engines: 3 * 175kW Alfa Romeo D.2
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling: 6100m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 500kg
Ca.102, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.101}. The Ca.102bis had two 650hp
       Isotta-Fraschini engines; 34 were delivered to the Regia
       Aeronautica.
Ca.103, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.73} with some aerodynamic refinements. No
       production.
Ca.111, Caproni
       Single-engined development of the {Ca.101}, used mainly as utility 
       transport. Some had float landing gear. 149 built.
       Type: Ca.111 RC
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2-4  Engines: 1 * 700kW Isotta Fraschini Asso 750 RC 35
       Wing Span: 19.65m  Length: 15.30m  Height:   Wing Area: 61.5m2
       Empty Weight: 3490kg  Max.Weight: 5490kg
       Speed: 298km/h  Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 4*mg 600kg
Ca.112, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.111}.
Ca.113, Caproni
       The Ca.113 biplane was a famous acrobatic aircraft. Modified
       Ca.113s set altitude records of 14433m and later 15650m.
       Type: Ca.113
       Function: trainer / utility
       Year: 1931  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 235kW Piaggio P.VII C35 Stella
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling: 7300m  Range: 300km
       Armament:
Ca.114, Caproni
       Fighter development of the {Ca.113}. The Regia Aeronautica preferred
       the Fiat {CR.32}, and the Ca.114 was only built for export to Peru.
       The latter used it in combat during 1941, in its war with Ecuador.
       36 built.
       Type: Ca.114
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 1 * 375kW Bristol Mercury IV
       Wing Span: 10.50m  Length: 7.68m  Height: 2.54m  Wing Area: 25.68m2
       Empty Weight: 1310kg  Max.Weight: 1656kg
       Speed: 355km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 96kg
Ca.120, Caproni
       Experimental bomber with three 750hp Isotta Fraschini engines.
Ca.122, Caproni
       Low-wing monoplane bomber and transport with fiexed landing gear.
       Twin-engined.
Ca.124, Caproni
       Low-wing floatplane bomber, one Isotta Fraschini 12R engine.
Ca.127, Caproni
       Reconnaissance aircraft. 750hp Isotta Fraschini engine.
Ca.131, Caproni
       Precursor of the .
Ca.132, Caproni
       Three-engined low-wing bomber and transport. 1934.
Ca.133, Caproni
       This was an high-wing STOL monoplane with fixed landing gear,
       a typical 'colonial' multi-role design. The reliable and
       versatile Ca.133 was useful as a transport during WWII. It
       was obsolete in the bomber role, and was easy meat for allied
       fighters. 525 built.
       Type: Ca.133
       Function: bomber / transport
       Year: 1935  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 340kW Piaggio Stella P.VII C16
       Wing Span: 21.5m  Length: 15.35m  Height: 4.00m  Wing Area: 65m2
       Empty Weight: 4000kg  Max.Weight:  6565kg
       Speed: 280km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 1350km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 2*b500kg
Ca.135, Caproni
       Only 14 of this twin-engined bomber were used by the Italian
       airforces, but it was exported to Peru and Hungary. The Ca.135
       was a mid-wing aircraft of mixed construction. About 100
       Hungarian Ca.135s fought on the Eastern Front. About 150 built.
       Type: Ca.135 P.XI
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1935  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 740kW Piaggio P.XIbis RC40
       Wing Span: 18.80m  Length: 14.40m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 60m2
       Empty Weight: 605kg  Max.Weight: 9550kg
       Speed: 440km/h  Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1600kg
Ca.142, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.133}, with retractable landing gear. One
       built.
Ca.148, Caproni
       Paratroop transport development of the {Ca.133}, with improvements
       for operations from primitive airfields. Six built.
Ca.161, Caproni
       This biplane set an altitude record of 17083m.
       Type: Ca.161bis
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 515kW
       Speed:	Ceiling: 13500m  Range:
       Armament:
Ca.163, Caproni
       Prototype of the {Ca.164}. One built.
Ca.164, Caproni
       Two-seat trainer sesquiplane with shorter upper wing. About 380
       were built, including 100 for France.
       Type: Ca.164
       Function: trainer/liaison
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 135kW Alfa Romeo 115-I
       Speed: 217km/h  Ceiling: 4250m  Range: 530km
       Armament:
Ca.165, Caproni
       Biplane fighter. The Ca.165 was of mixed construction, and was
       aerodynamically very clean. In 1938 the day of the biplane was
       already over, but the Regia Aeroanautice nevertheless considered
       to order this aircraft. It was decided not to pursue this because
       of the high cost. One built.
       Type: Ca.165
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 900hp Isotta-Fraschini L121 RC40
       Wing Span: 9.30m  Length: 8.10m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 21.40m2
       Empty Weight: 1855kg  Max.Weight: 2425kg
       Speed: 466km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 672km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
Ca.204, Caproni
       Design for a long-range bomber. Four-engined.
Ca.211, Caproni
       Design for a long-range bomber. Three-engined.
Ca.301, Caproni-Bergamasca
       Also known as A.P.1, the Ca.301 was designed to serve both as a
       fighter and an attack aircraft. It was a low-wing monoplane with
       a fixed, trousered undercarriage, of mixed construction. Performance
       was insuficcient for the fighter role, and the production A.P.1
       was a dedicated two-seat attack aircraft.
       Type: Ca.301
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 610hp Piaggio P.IX RC.40
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 8.96m  Height: 2.82m  Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1680kg  Max.Weight: 2330kg
       Speed: 346km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Ca.309 Ghibli, Caproni
       Small twin-engined reconnaissance bomber. The Ca.309 was a
       low-wing monoplane of mixed construction and with fixed landing
       gear. 243 were built.
       Type: Ca.309
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1936  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 195hp Alfa Romeo 115
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg 300kg
Ca.310 Libeccio, Caproni
       More powerful development of the {Ca.309}, with retractable
       landing gear. The Ca.310 was not considered an effective
       combat aircraft, and most had second-line tasks. A number
       were exported.
       Type: Ca.310
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1937  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 470hp Piaggio P.VII C.16
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg
Ca.311, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.310} as reconnaissance aircraft,
       replacing the {Ro.37}.
       Type: Ca.311
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 470hp Piaggio P.VII RC 35
       Speed: 365km/h  Ceiling: 7400m  Range: 1600km
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg
Ca.312, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.310} with 700hp Piaggio P.XVI RC35 engines.
       Few built.
Ca.313, Caproni
       Development of the {Ca.310} / {Ca.311} with more powerful
       engines. The Ca.313 was built both with a stepped nose and
       with a fully glazed nose. Some were sold to Sweden; it was
       also used by the Luftwaffe. 215 built.
       Type: Ca.313
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 700hp Isotta Fraschini Delta RC 35
       Speed: 463km/h  Ceiling: 7300m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 400kg
Ca.314, Caproni
       Improved {Ca.313}. 425 were built. The German Luftwaffe ordered
       1000 Ca.313s, what can be considered major praise.
       Type: Ca.314A
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 540kW Isotta-Fraschini Delta RC35
       Wing Span: 16.65m  Length: 11.80m  Height: 3.70m  Wing Area: 39.20m2
       Empty Weight: 4560kg  Max.Weight: 6620kg
       Speed: 395km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 1690km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 500kg
Ca.316, Caproni
       Catapult reconnaissance seaplane version of the {Ca.309} series.
       14 built.
       Type: Ca.316
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 470hp Piaggio P.VII C.16
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 1*mg12.7mm 400kg
Ca.331, Caproni
       The Ca.331 was originally designed as reconnaissance aircraft, but
       the second prototype was completed as nightfighter. It had a gull
       wing, twin tailfins, and two air-cooled V-12 engines. Construction
       was all-metal, with a stressed skin. Only two were built.
       Type: Ca.331 C.N.
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1942  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 850hp Isotta-Fraschini Delta IV 
       Wing Span: 16.40m  Length: 11.74m  Height: 3.48m  Wing Area: 38.40m2
       Empty Weight: 4600kg  Max.Weight: 6800kg
       Speed: 505km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1815km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm
Ca.335, Caproni-SABCA
       This was a cooperation between the Italian Caproni and the Belgian
       SABCA. A single-engined, two-seat low-wing monoplane, flown in 1938.
       The Ca.335 was intended as dive bomber, but was never seriuously 
       considered by the Italian AF.
Ca.355, Caproni
       Dive-bomber design.
Ca.405 Procellaria, Caproni
       Development of the Piaggio/Regianne {P.32} bomber. The Ca.405
       was intended for the Istres-Damascus-Paris air race, but was not
       ready in time.
Caproni III
       Long-range reconnaissance seaplane, a monoplane of mixed
       construction powered by a 880hp Isotta-Fraschini engine.
CANT 6
       Three-engined biplane flying boat. One of the three built was
       used by the military. 1923.
CANT 10
       One CANT 10MRI, a military version of the civil CANT 10, was built.
       The CANT 10 was a single-engined flying boat.
CANT 25
       Biplane flying boat fighter. Some were still in service during
       WWII, as trainers.
       Type: 25 AR 
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A 120
       Wing Span: 10.40m  Length: 8.75m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 30.90m2
       Empty Weight: 1276kg  Max.Weight: 1706kg
       Speed: 245km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 900km
       Armament: 2*mg
Caproni 80hp monoplane
       See {Ca.18}.
Caproni 260hp bomber
       This was a bomber design, built and flown in October 1914. It
       was a biplane with twin tail booms, with a pusher engine in the
       central nacelle and a tractor engine in each tail boom. The tail
       carried triple fins. One built.
       Type: 260hp bomber
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 100hp Gnome
				2 *  80hp Gnome
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Caproni 300hp bomber
       Production development of the 260hp bomber. 153 were built,
       all except two with three 100hp Fiat A 10 engines, between
       October 1915 and October 1916.
       Type: 300hp bomber
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1915  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 100hp Fiat A 10
       Speed: 121km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Caproni 350hp bomber.
       Development of the 300hp bomber with the central engine replaced by
       a 150hp Isotta-Fraschini. Nine built.
Caproni 450hp bomber
       See {Ca.3}.
C.C.20, Breda
       Three-engined bomber monoplane. Prototype only.
CH.1, Caproni / Chiodi
       Fast biplane fighter, a streamlined aircraft with an enclosed
       cockpit. The development was halted after the loss of the first
       prototype, despite the excellent performance. 
       Type: CH.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 560hp Piaggio P.IX RC.40
       Wing Span: 8.60m  Length: 7.19m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 19.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1400kg  Max.Weight: 2000kg
       Speed: 377km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1000km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
CR., Fiat
       First fighter designed by Rosatelli for Fiat, prototype of
       the {CR.1}. 1923. Two built. 
CR.1, Fiat
       Development of the {CR}. The CR.1 was a small 'inverted sesquiplane'
       with mediocre performance, but 249 were built for the air force.
       Type: C.R.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 320hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso
       Wing Span: 8.95m  Length: 6.16m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 23m2
       Empty Weight: 839kg  Max.Weight: 1154kg
       Speed: 272km/h  Ceiling: 7450m  Range: 650km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
CR.5, Fiat
       Development of the {CR.1}. Two were built, one with a Jupiter
       radial engine, and one with a liquid-cooled Fiat A 20. With
       the latter engine performance was much improved, but development
       was abandoned in favour of the all-metal {CR.20}.
       Type: CR.5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 410hp Fiat A 20
       Wing Span: 8.95m  Length: 6.16m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 23m2       
       Empty Weight: 870kg  Max.Weight: 1185kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.25hrs
       Armament: 
CR.10, Fiat
       Designation also used for the second {CR.5}, a development of the
       {CR.1} with a 400hp Fiat A.20 engine. 
CR.20, Fiat
       Single-engined biplane fighter, of all-metal construction. In
       contrast to earlier CR fighters, the upper wing was the longer one. 
       The Warren bracing of the biplane wings was a charactistic that
       would be inherited by all Rosatellis subsequent designs. The
       CR.20 was known for its excellent aerobatic qualities. 541 built
       for the  Regia Aeronautica, plus about 70 for export. There was
       also a floatplane version, of which 17 were built. 
       Type: C.R.20bis
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 306kW Fiat A.20
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 6.71m  Height: 2.79m  Wing Area: 25.50m2
       Empty Weight: 970kg  Max.Weight: 1400kg
       Speed: 276km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
CR.25, Fiat
       This twin-engined escort fighter had the size of a small bomber.
       It was a clean monoplane of all-metal construction with fabric
       skinning. Development was abandoned in 1940, after 12 built had
       been built for the Regia Aeronautica. They were used for
       reconnaissance and to escort convoys between Sicily and North
       Africa. 
       Type: C.R.25bis
       Function: fighter / reconnaissance
       Year: 1941  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 640kW Fiat A.74 RC38
       Wing Span: 16.00m  Length: 13.56m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 39.20m2
       Empty Weight: 4375kg  Max.Weight: 6525kg
       Speed: 460km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 2100km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 500kg
CR.30, Fiat
       Fighter biplane, precursor of the {C.R.32}. The C.R.30 equipped
       twelve squadrons, but was soon followed by the better C.R.32.
       Many were later converted to C.R.30B trainers. 176 built. 
       Type: C.R.30
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 447kW Fiat A.30 RA
       Wing Span: 10.50m  Length: 7.88m  Height: 2.78m  Wing Area: 27.05m2
       Empty Weight: 1345kg  Max.Weight: 1895kg
       Speed: 351km/h  Ceiling: 8350m  Range: 850km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
CR.32, Fiat
       A refinement of the {C.R.30}, smaller and faster. The C.R.32
       was an excellent fighter, fast, robust and nimble. It was easily
       recognizable, with its closely cowled engine, annular radiator 
       beneath the propellor, Warren wing bracing and cockpit well behind 
       the wing. The C.R.32 performed very well in Spain, but this had the 
       drawback that Italy neglected the development of modern fighters.  
       1309 built, including license production in Spain. In 1940 some 
       294 were still in front line service.
       Type: C.R.32
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 440kW Fiat A.30 RA
       Wing Span: 9.50m  Length: 7.45m  Height: 2.63m  Wing Area: 22.10m2
       Empty Weight: 1325kg  Max.Weight: 1850kg
       Speed: 375km/h  Ceiling: 8800m  Range: 680km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
CR.33, Fiat
       Fighter, essentially a reengined {CR.32}. The CR.33 was slightly
       larger. When the problems of the liquid-cooled, supercharged
       engine had been solved, the Regia Aeronautica had developed
       a preference for radial engines. Three built.
       Type: CR.33
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 690hp Fiat A 33 RC35
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 7.56m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 22.40m2
       Empty Weight: 1360kg  Max.Weight: 1910kg
       Speed: 422km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 700km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm
CR.40, Fiat
       Biplane fighter, developed in parallel with the {CR.33} but
       unrelated. It was powered by a radial engine. The wing gap
       was small and almost completely filled by the fuselage; the
       upper wing was slghtly gulled. The CR.40 was inferior in
       handling and some performance characteristics to the {CR.32}.
       Two built.
       Type: CR.40bis
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Fiat A 59 R
       Wing Span: 9.30m  Length: 6.96m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 20.90m2
       Empty Weight: 1200kg  Max.Weight: 1700kg
       Speed: 388km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1.8hrs
       Armament: 
CR.41, Fiat
       Larger development of the {CR.40}, powered by a slightly more
       powerful engine. Development was abandoned in favour of the
       {CR.42}.
       Type: CR.41
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 730hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kfs
       Wing Span: 9.65m  Length: 7.42m  Height: 2.64m  Wing Area: 22.63m2
       Empty Weight: 1310kg  Max.Weight: 1885kg
       Speed: 405km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1.75hrs
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm
CR.42 Falco, Fiat
       The C.R.42 was one of the best biplane fighters ever built, but
       this did not compensate for the fact that it was already obsolete
       before its first flight in 1938. Nevertheless the C.R.42 provided
       the backbone of the Italian air force in 1940 and was exported
       to Belgium, Hungary and Sweden. Participation in the Battle of
       Britain was disastrous, but the production continued well into
       1943. Even the German Luftwaffe used 150, as night attack aircraft!
       Over 1780 built. A single C.R.42B prototype with a 1100hp DB601
       engine may have been the fastest biplane fighter ever flown,
       reaching speeds of 520km/h...
       Type: C.R.42
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC38
       Wing Span: 9.70m  Length: 8.27m  Height: 3.59m  Wing Area: 22.40m2
       Empty Weight: 1782kg  Max.Weight: 2295kg
       Speed: 430km/h  Ceiling: 10200m  Range: 775km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 200kg
--D--------------------------------------------------------------------------
D.16, Fokker
       Dutch biplane fighter that appeared in 1929. Italy bought one of the
       21 built.
Do 228, Dornier
       High-wing German light turboprop transport. The Army bought some
       as light transports and photographical aircraft.
--E--------------------------------------------------------------------------
EH 101, EH Industries
       Three-engined multi-role helicopter, a British/Italian project.
       The Italian Navy planned to buy 42, but this has now been reduced
       to 16. The EH 101 replaces the {Sea King}.
       Type: EH 101
       Function: ASW/utility helicopter
       Year: 1996  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 1278kW G.E. T700-GE-401A
       Speed: 296km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Eurofighter 2000
       The European Fighter Aircraft, a medium-sized multi-role fighter
       to replace the {F-4} Phantom and the last {F-104} Starfighters.
       It is of canarded delta configuration, with rectanguler chin
       intakes for its twin engines. About 40% of its empty weight is
       made up by composite materials. It is being built by a consortium
       of British, German, Italian and Spanish firms. Prototypes have
       been flown. In-service date remains uncertain, but service entry
       in 2003 is planned. 
       Type: Eurofighter 2000
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1994  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 90kN Eurojet EJ200
       Wing Span: 10.95m  Length: 15.96m  Height: 5.28m  Wing Area: 50m2
       Empty Weight: 9750kg  Max.Weight: 21000kg
       Speed: Mach 2  Ceiling:   Range: 3700km
       Armament: 1*g27mm b,r,msl
--F--------------------------------------------------------------------------
F.4, Caproni-Vizzola
       Monoplane fighter, of mixed contruction with a semi-elliptical
       wing. It was developed in parallel with the very similar {F.5},
       the latter being powered by a radial engine. Because the Asso 121
       engine of the F.4 was disliked by the Regia Aeronautica, the F.4
       was completed only in 1939, then powered by the Daimler-Benz
       DB 601A engine. It remained a prototype, because development of
       the more advanced F.6 was already underway. 
       Type: F.4
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB 601A
       Wing Span: 11.29m  Length: 8.90m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 17.60m2
       Empty Weight: 2462kg  Max.Weight: 3000kg
       Speed: 550km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 700km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
F.5, Caproni-Vizzola
       Basically a version of the {F.4}, powered by the Fiat A.74 radial
       engine. The F.5 was a very maneuvrable aircraft, and 12 more were
       built. In 1942 they were assigned to the nightfighting role. No
       other production orders followed, probably because the F.5, similar
       to most Italian fighters of its generation, did not have a
       sufficiently powerful engine and only weak armament.
       Type: F.5
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 870hp Fiat A.74 RC.38
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 7.90m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 17.60m2
       Empty Weight: 1818kg  Max.Weight: 2238kg
       Speed: 496km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 770km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
F.5B, Maurice Farman
       This pusher biplane was license-built by the S.I.A..
F.6, Caproni-Vizzola
       Development of the {F.5}. The F.6 was built in two versions:
       The F.6M powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 650A V-12, and the
       F.6Z powered by the 24-cylinder, X-configuration Isotta-Fraschini
       Zeta engine. The F.6M was abandoned in favour of the more
       advanced F.7, which was never flown; and the F.6Z was delayed
       until the armistice by engine development problems. Two built.
       Type: F.6M
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1475hp Daimler-Benz DB 605A 
       Wing Span: 11.35m  Length: 9.15m  Height: 3.02m  Wing Area: 18.81m2
       Empty Weight: 2265kg  Max.Weight: 2885kg
       Speed: 569km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 950km
       Armament: 2-4*mg12.7mm
       Type: F.6Z
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1500hp Isotta-Fraschini RC.25/60 Zeta
       Wing Span: 11.82m  Length: 9.01m  Height: 3.02m  Wing Area: 18.81m2
       Empty Weight: 3348kg  Max.Weight: 4092kg
       Speed: 630km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 1370km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm
F-104, Lockheed / Aeritalia
       Italy produced its own development of the {F-104}G Starfighter.
       A more powerful engine, AIM-7 Sparrow armament, and two additional
       weapons pylons make the F-104S much more capable than the basic
       F-104G. It is still in service.
       Type: F-104S
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1968  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 8119kg G.E. J79-GE-19
       Speed: 2330km/h	Ceiling: 17680m  Range: 2920km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 3402kg
FC.12 Tuffo, Fiat-CANSA
       Two-seat dive bomber, a monoplane with rectangular lines.  No
       production.
FC.20, Fiat-CANSA
       Twin-engined reconnaissance, fighter-bomber and interceptor
       aircraft. Handling and performance were unsatisfactory. Twelve
       built.
       Type: FC.20bis
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2-3  Engines: 2 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC 38
       Speed: 420km/h  Ceiling: 7350m  Range: 1150km
       Armament: 3*mg 1*g37mm 570kg
FN.305, Nardi
       A low-wing cabin monoplane with retractable landing gear and tandem
       seating. About 500 were built. Customers for the FN.305 were Italy,
       Chile, Rumania, Hungary and France ---  but of the 500 aircraft
       ordered by France, only 41 were delivered before Italy declared
       war with France.
       Type: FN.305A
       Function: trainer / liaison.
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 138kW Alfa Romeo 115
       Wing Span: 8.47m  Length: 6.98m  Height: 2.10m  Wing Area: 12m2
       Empty Weight: 704kg  Max.Weight: 984kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 620km
       Armament: 0-2*mg7.7mm
FN.310, Nardi
       Type: FN.310
       Function: transport
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 150kW Fiat A.70S
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1400km
       Load: 3 seats
FN.315, Nardi
       Development of the {FN.305} with a new tail. 31 were built.
       Type: FN.315
       Function: trainer
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Alfa Romeo
       Wing Span: 8.47m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1045kg
       Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling: 6200m  Range: 740kg
       Armament: 
FN.316, Nardi
       Final development of the {FN.305}. Only 49 were built, mainly
       because of problems with engine cooling.
       Type: FN.316M
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 210kW Isotta-Fraschini Beta RC 10 IZ
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 740km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
--G--------------------------------------------------------------------------
G.8, Gabardini
       Biplane fighter and training aircraft. The fighter was a single-
       seater with a 200hp engine, the trainer a two-seater with a 180hp
       engine. The G.8 was not accepted by the Italian air force.
       Type: G.8
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza
       Wing Span: 8.34m  Length: 5.55m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 22.06m2
       Empty Weight: 580kg  Max.Weight: 780kg
       Speed: 206km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
G.9, Gabardini
       The G.9 was developed in parallel with the {G.8} and was very
       similar, but smaller. Two built.
       Type: G.9
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp SPA 6a
       Wing Span: 7.00m  Length: 6.00l  Height:   Wing Area: 18.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
G.12, Fiat
       The G.12 was designed as a civil airliner but used as a military
       transport during WWII. It was an all-metal airliner with retractable
       landing gear, well streamlined. The G.12 was an effective aircraft 
       that continued in service after the war. 104 built.
       Type: G.12C
       Function: transport
       Year: 1941  Crew: 3-4  Engines: 3 * 570kW Fiat A.74 RC 42
       Wing Span: 28.60m  Length: 20.16m  Height: 4.90m  Wing Area: 113.5m2
       Empty Weight: 8890kg  Max.Weight: 12800kg
       Speed: 396km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 1740km
       Armament: 2*mg
       Load: 22 seats
G.18, Fiat
       Civil airliner, obviously inspired by the DC-2. They were used by
       the military after the outbreak of WWII. Nine built.
       Type: G.18V
       Function: transport
       Year: 1937  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 735kW Fiat A.80 RC41
       Speed: 340km/h  Ceiling: 8700m  Range: 1675km
       Load: 18 seats
G.30, Fiat
       Design for a long-range bomber.
G.46, Fiat
       Monoplane trainer, one of the first post-war Italian aircraft. 
       220 were built, as two-seat and single-seat aircraft and with 
       several engines. 
       Type: G.46-4B
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1947  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 160kW Alfa Romeo 115ter
       Wing Span: 10.40m  Length: 8.48m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 16.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1100kg  Max.Weight: 1410kg
       Speed: 312km/h  Ceiling: 6050m  Range: 500km
       Armament: 1*mg
G.49, Fiat
       This was intended as a replacement for the North American {T-6}.
       Two built. 1952.
G.50 Freccia, Fiat
       The G.50 was one of the first Italian monoplane fighters. It was a
       basically sane design, a nimble low-wing monoplane with enclosed
       cockpit (abandoned on production aircraft) and retractable landing
       gear. But Italy did not have a suitable engine for a monoplane
       fighter, and the G.50 was slow and underarmed. 780 built. The
       single G.50V had a Daimler-Benz DB601 engine, and the single
       G.50bis/A was a two-seat shipboard fighter-bomber. 
       Type: G.50
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 625kW Fiat A.74 RC38
       Wing Span: 10.96m  Length: 7.79m  Height: 2.96m  Wing Area: 18.15m2
       Empty Weight: 1975kg  Max.Weight: 2415kg
       Speed: 472km/h  Ceiling: 9835m  Range: 670km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
G.51, Fiat
       Development of the {G.50}. Not built.
G.52, Fiat
       Development of the {G.50}. The G.52 combined the wings and systems
       of the G.50 with a smaller fuselage and the Fiat A.76 RC40 radial
       engine. Not built.
G.55 Centauro, Fiat
       The G.55 was considered the best of the Italian DB605-engined 
       fighters, a powerful and robust high-altitude interceptor. Only 
       a few were used in combat, by the fascist Salo-republic after 1943. 
       Production was resumed after after WWII as the G.55A.
       Type: G.55/I
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1475hp Fiat RA 1050 RC 58
       Wing Span: 11.85m  Length: 9.37m  Height: 3.13m  Wing Area: 21.11m2
       Empty Weight: 2630kg  Max.Weight: 3718kg
       Speed: 630km/h  Ceiling: 12700m	Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 3*g20mm 2*b160kg
G.56, Fiat
       Development of the {G.55} with a Daimler-Benz DB603A engine.
       Structural changes were limited to those needed to accomadate the
       larger engine. Ironically, the development of the G.56 was first
       demanded by the Germans, but the production was forbidden by them. 
       Two built.
       Type: G.56
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1944  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Daimler-Benz DB 603A
       Wing Span: 11.85m  Length: 9.56m  Height: 3.13m  Wing Area: 21.11m2
       Empty Weight: 2900kg  Max.Weight: 3854kg
       Speed: 685km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1280km
       Armament: 3*mg20mm
G.59, Fiat
       This was the final development of the {G.55}, powered by a
       Rolls-Royce Merlin engine instead of the no longer available
       German DB 605A. In Italy it was used as advanced trainer, built
       in single-seat and two-seat versions. But 30 fighter-bombers
       were built for Syria. Over 100 were completed.
       Type: G.59-2A
       Function: fighter / trainer
       Year: 1951  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1490hp R.R. Merlin 500/20
       Wing Span: 11.85m  Length: 9.47m  Height: 3.76m  Wing Area: 21.11m2
       Empty Weight: 2740kg  Max.Weight: 3400kg
       Speed: 593km/h  Ceiling: 11500m	Range: 1420km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
G.80, Fiat
       The first real Italian jet aircraft, flown in 1951. Precursor of
       the {G.82}. 1600kg D.H. Goblin 35 engine. Three built.
G.82, Fiat
       Development of the {G.80}. The G.82 was an excellent trainer,
       but was not selected for a NATO requirement for a jet trainer.
       The availability of the {T-33} ended all hopes for the G.82.
       Five built.
       Type: G.82
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2450kg R.R. Nene 6/21
       Speed: 910km/h  Ceiling: 12300m	Range: 1150km
       Armament: 1-2*mg
G.91, Fiat / Aeritalia
       The Italian G.91 was declared winner of a NATO-competition for a
       lightweight strike aircraft, but of course most NATO members had
       second thoughts after their own aircraft had lost the competition,
       and the G.91 was used only by Germany and Italy. It is a small
       swept-wing subsonic aircraft, similar in appearance to the F-86K.
       450 were built, the majority of them in Germany. The G.91Y was a
       twin-engined development, a change that demanded a virtually
       complete redesign. The G.91Y was less successful, because the basic
       concept was outmoded at the time. 67 built. 
       Type: G.91R-3
       Function: attack
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2270kg Bristol Orpheus 801/02
       Wing Span: 8.56m  Length: 10.29m  Height: 4.00m  Wing Area: 16.42m2
       Empty Weight: 3269kg  Max.Weight: 5670kg
       Speed: 1090km/h	Ceiling: 13260m  Range: 1850km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 680kg
       Type: G.91Y
       Function: attack
       Year: 1968  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1850kg G.E. J85-GE-13A
       Wing Span: 9.01m  Length: 11.67m  Height: 4.43m  Wing Area: 18.13m2
       Empty Weight: 3900kg  Max.Weight: 8700kg
       Speed: 1110km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm 1814kg
G222, Fiat / Aeritalia
       STOL transport. The original NATO requirement for a V/STOL
       transport was abandoned, and the G222 became a more conventional
       design, looking like a smaller, twin-engined {C-130}. The USAF
       bought it as the {C-27}.
       Type: G222
       Function: transport
       Year: 1975  Crew: 3-4  Engines: 2 * 2535kW G.E. T64-GE-P4D
       Wing Span: 28.70m  Length: 22.70m  Height: 9.80m  Wing Area: 82.00m2
       Empty Weight: 15400kg  Max.Weight: 26500kg
       Speed: 540km/h  Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 5000km
       Load: 9000kg, 44 seats
Gamma, Pomilio
       Single-seat fighter biplane. A small batch of Gamma fighters was
       ordered in 1918, but none entered service. They were fast and
       manoeuvrable, but their rate of climb was mediocre. 
       Type: Gamma IF
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini V6
       Wing Span: 7.99m  Length: 6.30m  Height:   Wing Area: 21.90m2
       Empty Weight: 680kg  Max.Weight: 950kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament:
Guidoni
       Type: Guidoni
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year: 1912  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 147kW Gnome
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
--H--------------------------------------------------------------------------
H-3, Sikorsky-Agusta
       Agusta license-built the US-designed {H-3} (Sikorsky S.61)
       helicopter.
H-47, Boieng-Vertol Meriodinali
       License production of the C{H-47} tandem-rotor transport
       helicopter is undertaken by Meriodinali. This included
       export orders to Iran, Morocco and Libya.
Harrier, MDD / BAe
       The Italian Navy bought 16 Harrier II Plus VSTOL attack aircraft
       and two T{AV-8}B trainers, for operations from its aircraft carrier
       Garibaldi.
HD-1, Hanriot
       French biplane fighter. The {HD-1} was little used in France, but
       in Italy Macchi built 831 and production continued until 1919.
       Type: HD-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg
--I--------------------------------------------------------------------------
I.C.R.42, Fiat
       Floatplane version of the {CR.42}.
Idro-S.V.A.
       Floatplane version of the Ansaldo {S.V.A.}, intended as fighter. 
       About 50 built.
       Type: Idro-S.V.A.
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 205hp SPA 6A
       Wing Span: 9.10m  Length: 9.30m  Height: 3.70m  Wing Area: 24.5m2
       Empty Weight: 878kg  Max.Weight: 1100kg
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
--J--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jet Squalus, Promavia
       This is a small low-wing jet trainer, built by a Italian/Belgain
       joint venture. The Belgian air force is not interested, but there
       are efforts to sell it abroad, with the uprated TFE109-3 engine.
       Type: Jet Squalus
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1987  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 5.92kN Garrett TFE109-1
       Speed: 519km/h  Ceiling: 10670m	Range: 1850km
       Armament: 600kg
Ju 87, Junkers
       The Regia Aeronautica used a number of {Ju 87}s, in addition to
       Luftwaffe units that were based on the Italian territory.
--K--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--L--------------------------------------------------------------------------
L.1, Macchi
       This was an almost exact copy of a captured Austrian Lohner {L40}
       fighter flying-boat. 140 built.
       Type: L.1
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1915  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 150hp Isotta-Fraschini
       Speed: 110km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
L.2, Macchi
       Development of the {L.1}. Ten built.
       Type: L.2
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1916  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 160hp Isotta-Fraschini
       Speed: 140km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
L.3, Macchi
       A redesigned {L.1} with completely new wings. Like the L.1
       and {L.2}, it was a small biplane flying boat. It was used
       as bomber, reconnaissance aircraft and fighter, until the
       end of the war. 200 built.
       Type: L.3
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2-3  Engines: 1 * 160hp Isotta-Fraschini V4.B
       Wing Span: 15.95m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1350kg
       Speed: 145km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 450km
       Armament: 1*mg
Leone, Aerfer
       Development of the {Ariete} with an auxiliary rocket engine.
       Not built. 
--M--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.3, Macchi
       See {L.3}.
M.4, Macchi
       Reconnaissance flying boat, powered by a  Fiat A.12 engine.
       Two built.
M.5, Macchi
       A small flying-boat fighter biplane, developed from the {M.3}.
       The M.5 was one of the best aircraft of its category, and in
       combat it was the equal of landplane fighters. The original
       engine was the Isotta-Fraschini V.4B of 187hp; the M.5mod had
       a more powerful engine. 344 built. Some were used until 1923. 
       Type: M.5mod
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini V-6B
       Wing Span: 11.90m  Length: 8.08m  Height: 2.85m  Wing Area: 28m2
       Empty Weight: 720kg  Max.Weight: 990kg
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling: 5990m  Range: 3h 40m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
M.6, Macchi
       Flying boat fighter, essentially a {M.5} with a new set of wings.
       This offered no performance advantage, and the M.6 did not enter
       production. One built.
       Type: M.6
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 185hp Isotta-Fraschini V.4B
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 29.00m2
       Empty Weight: 760kg  Max.Weight: 1030kg
       Speed: 189km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
M.7, Macchi
       Fighter flying boat biplane, more refined than the {M.5} and with
       a different engine. Designed at the end of WWI, but a redesigned
       and reengined version of the the M.7, the M.7ter, remained in
       service until 1930. In 1921 a M.7bis won the Schneider Cup race.
       Over 110 built. 
       Type: M.7ter
       Function: Fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini Semi-Asso
       Wing Span: 9.95m  Length: 8.09m  Height: 2.97m  Wing Area: 23.50m2
       Empty Weight: 805kg  Max.Weight: 1098kg
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
M.8, Macchi
       A biplane reconnaissance flying boat, used until the end of WWI as
       reconnaissance and ASW aircraft, and as trainer thereafter.
       57 built.
       Type: M.8
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 170hp Isotta-Fraschini
       Wing Span: 16m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1430kg
       Speed: 162km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 4*b50kg
M.9, Macchi
       Bomber flying boat. Only 16 built before the end of WWI, but these
       stayed in service until 1923.
       Type: M.9
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Fiat A-12b
       Speed: 187km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
M.12, Macchi
       Twin-fuselage flying boat. No production.
       Type: M.12
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1918  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 450hp Ansaldo Giorgio 4E28
       Speed: 190km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
M.14, Macchi
       Biplane fighter, a wooden aircraft with Warren (W-struts) wing
       bracing. Eleven were built, but mostly for use as advanced
       trainers.
       Type: M.14
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 8.20m  Length: 5.65m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 16.60m2
       Empty Weight: 440kg  Max.Weight: 640kg
       Speed: 186km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
M.15, Macchi
       Reconnaissance biplane. Limited production.
       Type: M.15
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 330hp Fiat A.12bis
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament:
M.18, Macchi
       Flying boat, used as trainer and light transport. The M.18 was a
       pusher biplane, that had succes in both military and civil roles. 
       Over 100 built.
       Type: M.18
       Function: trainer / transport / reconnaissance
       Year: 1920  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso
       Wing Span: 15.80m  Length: 9.75m  Height: 3.25m  Wing Area: 45m2
       Empty Weight: 1275kg  Max.Weight: 1785kg
       Speed: 187km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 1000km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 
M.24, Macchi
       The first twin-engined aircraft of Macchi. a flying boat that
       remained in service for ten years. The M.24 was a biplane with
       push/pull engines. 
       Type: M.24ter
       Function: reconnaissance / bomber
       Year: 1923  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 380kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso
       Wing Span: 22m  Length: 14.63m  Height: 4.65m  Wing Area: 105m2
       Empty Weight: 3730kg  Max.Weight: 5500kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 700kg
       Armament: 800kg
M.25, Macchi
       Version of the {M.24}. 
M.26, Macchi
       Biplane flying boat fighter. Performance was excellent, but no
       production was ordered.
       Type: M.26
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS42
       Wing Span: 9.20m  Length: 8.15m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 26.00m2
       Empty Weight: 865kg  Max.Weight: 1195kg
       Speed: 244km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
M.40, Macchi
       Catapult-launched shipboard seaplane. No production. 1928.
M.41, Macchi
       Biplane flying boat fighter, the final development of this type
       of aircraft. The M.41 equipped two squadrons, and remained in
       use to 1938. Afterwards it was used for training. 40 built.
       Type: M.41
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A.20
       Wing Span: 11.12m  Length: 8.66m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 31.92m2
       Empty Weight: 1107kg  Max.Weight: 1537kg
       Speed: 256km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 3hrs 20min
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
M.53, Macchi
       Shipboard aircraft for submarines.
M.71, Macchi
       Development of the {M.41}, reinforced for catapult launch and
       designed for easy dismantling for shipboard stowage. About a
       dozen were built, and used until replaced by the {Ro 43} and
       {Ro 44}.
       Type: M.71
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A.20
       Wing Span: 11.12m  Length: 8.66m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 31.92m2
       Empty Weight: 1260kg  Max.Weight: 1690kg
       Speed: 259km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
M-290 Redigo, Aermacchi
       Italian-built version of the Finnish Valmet {L-90}TP Redigo
       trainer. In 1996 Aermacchi bought the production rights. 
M.416, Macchi
       License-built Fokker {S.11} trainer.
Macchi
       The first aircraft of this manufacturer was a parasol monoplane
       used for reconnaissance. Retired in 1915. 42 were built.
       Type: Macchi
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1913  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome
       Speed: 125km/h  Ceiling: 2500m  Range:
       Armament:
M.B.226, Macchi
       Trainer.
M.B.308, Macchi
       An high-wing two-seat cabin monoplane, used as liaison aircraft by
       the air force after WWII.
M.B.323, Macchi
       Low-wing trainer, designed to replace the North American {T-6}.
       No production.
       Type: M.B.323
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 610hp P&W R-1340
       Speed: 390km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1300km
       Armament: 1*mg
M.B.326, Aermacchi
       A small two-seat jet trainer. The M.B.326 is a small straight-wing
       design, powered by a small jet engine. It became the standard jet
       trainer for the Italian air force and was also exported. Later the
       M.B.326 was made suitable for attack missions. A dedicated single-
       seater for attack missions was also built, the M.B.326K. 761 were
       built, of which about half in Italy and the rest in licence. 
       Type: M.B.326GB
       Function: trainer / attack
       Year: 1967  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 15.17kN R.R. Viper 20 Mk.540
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 867km/h  Ceiling: 14300m	Range: 2445km
       Armament: 1814kg
       Type: M.B.326K
       Function: attack
       Year: 1970  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1814kg R.R. Viper Mk 632-43
       Wing Span: 10.85m  Length: 10.67m  Height: 3.72m  Wing Area: 19.35m2
       Empty Weight: 3123kg  Max.Weight: 5897kg
       Speed: 890km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2130km
       Armament: 1814kg
M.B.339, Aermacchi
       Development of the {M.B.326} with a more powerful engines and a
       raised instructor's seat. The M.B.339 is a robust aircraft of
       conventional design. The problem of the MB.339 is that the older
       M.B.326 does not yet need to be replaced, and sales have been
       limited. There also is a single-seat attack version. 
       Type: MB-339C
       Function: trainer / attack
       Year: 1985  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 19.8kN R.R. Viper Mk.680-42
       Wing Span: 11.22m  Length: 11.24m  Height: 3.90m  Wing Area: 19.3m2
       Empty Weight: 3310kg  Max.Weight: 6350kg
       Speed: 902km/h  Ceiling: 14630m  Range: 2200km
       Armament: 1815kg
M.B.340, Aermacchi
       Design for an attack aircraft. Never built.
M.C.77, Macchi
       Shoulder wing flying boat, competing for orders with the {Z.501}.
       No production. The engine was fitted high on struts above the
       wing; gun turrets were placed in the nose and after the wing.
       Type: M.C.77
       Function: reconnaissance / bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * Isotta-Fraschini Asso 750
       Speed: 303km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3080km
       Armament:
M.C.94, Macchi
       The Regia Aeronautica ordered a ambulance / reconnaissance
       version of this civil flying boat, but cancelled it later.
       Six built.
       Type: M.C.94
       Function: transport
       Year: 1936  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 750hp Alfa Romeo 126 RC10
       Speed: 246km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1490km
       Load: 12 seats
M.C.200 Saetta, Macchi
       The M.C.200 originated from the same requirement as the Fiat {G.50}.
       It looked similar, had the same virtues and suffered from the same
       vices: It was a well-designed low-wing monoplane fighter, but
       underpowered and poorly armed -- the original design was armed with
       only one 12.7mm gun. Yet the M.C.200 was probably the most used
       Italian monoplane fighter, and it proved effective against older
       fighters like the {Hurricane}. 1153 were built. Breda developed an
       MC.200bis version powered by a 1180hp Piaggio P.XIX RC45 engine,
       but this was abandoned in favour of superior types. 
       Type: M.C.200
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 870hp Fiat A.74 RC38
       Wing Span: 10.58m  Length: 8.19m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 16.80m2
       Empty Weight: 1895kg  Max.Weight: 2590kg
       Speed: 501km/h  Ceiling: 8900m  Range: 570km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm (2*mg7.7mm) 320kg
M.C.201, Macchi
       This was a development of the {M.C.200} with a Fiat A.76 RC40
       engine and a slimmer fuselage. The A.76 was never cleared for
       flight, and the prototype flew only with the less powerful A.74
       engine. One built.
       Type: M.C.201 (estimates)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1000hp Fiat A.76 RC40 
       Wing Span: 10.58m  Length: 8.19m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 16.80m2
       Empty Weight: 1949kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 550km/h  Ceiling: 9000m  Range: 600km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
M.C.202 Folgore, Macchi
       The answer to the lack of a suitable Italian engine was using a
       German one. The Folgore was a development of the {M.C.200},
       redesigned to use a copy of the Daimler-Benz DB601A liquid-cooled
       inverted V-12 engine. The M.C.202 was still underarmed, but it was
       superior to the {Hurricane} and {P-40} that the allied were using
       in the Mediterranean. About 1200 were built.
       Type: M.C.202
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1175hp Alfa Romeo RA1000 RC41-I
       Wing Span: 10.58m  Length: 8.85m  Height: 3.04m  Wing Area: 16.80m2
       Empty Weight: 2350kg  Max.Weight: 3010kg
       Speed: 595km/h  Ceiling: 11000m	Range: 760km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 2*b160kg
M.C.205V Veltro, Macchi
       The best Italian fighters of WWII used German engines. The
       M.C.205V was a development of the {MC.202}, powered by the
       Daimler Benz DB605 instead of the DB601, and armed with 20mm
       cannon. It was intended as an interim fighter. The M.C.205
       was an effective fighter at low and medium altitudes, but
       only 262 were built. After the war, 42 were delivered to
       Egypt, and these were used in the war with Israel of 1948-1949. 
       Type: M.C.205V Serie III
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1475hp Fiat RA.1050 RC 58 Tifone
       Wing Span: 10.58m  Length: 8.85m  Height: 3.04m  Wing Area: 16.80m2
       Empty Weight: 2581kg  Max.Weight: 3408kg
       Speed: 650km/h  Ceiling: 11350m	Range: 1040km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*g20mm
M.C.205N Orione, Macchi
       The {M.C.205V} was an interim fighter, basically a {M.C.202} with
       a more powerful engine. The M.C.205N was a complete redesign, which
       shared only the aft fuselage and tail of the M.C.202. The Italian
       air force initially ordered 1200, but it soon became clear that
       this was not a practical plan at this time in the war. Only two
       were built.
       Type: M.C.205N/2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1475hp Fiat RA.1050 RC 58 Tifone
       Wing Span: 11.25m  Length: 9.33m  Height: 3.25m  Wing Area: 19.00m2
       Empty Weight: 2695kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 628km/h  Ceiling: 11250m  Range: 
       Armament: 3*g20mm 2*mg12.7mm
M.C.206, Macchi
       Development of the {MC.205}. Not built.
M.C.207, Macchi
       Development of the {MC.205}. Not built.
MDD 500, McDonnell Douglas
       The MD500E was license-built by Bredanardi as training helicopter.
M.F.4, CMASA
       Reconnaissance flying boat.
M.F.6, CMASA
       Reconnaissance biplane.
M.F.10, CMASA
       Flying boat.
MVT, Marchetti
       Later renamed {S.50}, see there.
--N--------------------------------------------------------------------------
N-1, Caproni-Campini
       The N-1 was not a real jet aircraft, because it was powered by
       a ducted fan in the circular fuselage and a primitive afterburner.
       The N-1 was a big aircraft with a low performance, but -- in
       contrast with the real jet aircraft of the period -- was well
       publicized. Two built.
       Type: N-1
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 660kW Isotta Fraschini
       Speed: 375km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
NH90, Eurocopter / NH Industries 
       Modern medium-size helicopter, developed by France, Germany,
       Italy and the Netherlands. The NH90 made its first flight in
       Devember 1995. It has an all-composite fuselage, and fly-by-wire
       controls. There will be naval (NFH) and tactical transport
       (TTH) versions. 
       Type: NH90
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1370kW R.R.-Turbomeca RTM 322-01/9
       Rotor Span: 16.30m  Length: 19.56m  Height: 5.44m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 9100kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 14-20 seats, 2500kg
Nieuport 11 Bebe
       The {Nieuport 11} was a French sesquiplane fighter. It was
       license-built by Macchi, and remained in service until 1917.
       Macchi built 450.
Nieuport 17
       Development of the {Nieuport 11}. The French {Nieuport 17} was
       license-built by Macchi, but the Hanriot {HD-1} was preferred.
       Nevertheless Macchi built 150.
--O--------------------------------------------------------------------------
O-1, Cessna
       US-built high-wing cabin monoplane. Some {O-1}s are still in
       service as training aircraft.
--P--------------------------------------------------------------------------
P.2, Piaggio
       The P.2 was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with a moncocque
       fuselage, a concept still viewed with suspicion when it was
       flown in 1923. Because performance was also a bit below
       expectations, only two were built.
       Type: P.2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 42
       Wing Span: 10.58m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.20m  Wing Area: 20.08m2
       Empty Weight: 867kg  Max.Weight: 1182kg
       Speed: 233km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.6hrs
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
P.3, Piaggio
       The P.3 was designed as a night bomber. It was a biplane, with four
       engines installed in push/pull tandem pairs. The P.3 was not
       accepted by the air force.
       Type: P.3
       Function: bomber 
       Year: 1923  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 306kW Fiat A.20V
       Wing Span: 24m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
P.6, Piaggio
       The P.6 and P.6ter were a catapult-launched shipboard
       reconnaissance seaplanes. The P.6bis was an entirely
       different design. The P.6 was a biplane with a large
       central float and small outriggers. 15 built.
       Type: P.6ter
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1929  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 306kW
       Wing Span: 13.50m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2360kg
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
P.6bis, Piaggio
       The P.6bis was built for the same requirement as the P.6
       and P.6ter, but it was entirely different. It was a small
       flying boat, powered by a 194kW Isotta-Fraschini pusher engine.
P.8, Piaggio
       The P.8 was a small parasol-wing seaplane. It was designed to
       be dismantled and stored in a submarine hangar, on a 'Ettore
       Fieramosca' class submarine.
       Type: P.8
       Function: reconnaissance 
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 56kW Blackburn Cirrus
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 135km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
P.10, Piaggio
       Three-seat reconnaissance seaplane, a biplane powered by a 450hp
       Piaggio Jupiter engine. There was also a landplane version, the
       P.10bis.
       Type: P.10
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1932  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 450hp Piaggio Jupiter VI
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament 1*mg7.62mm
P.11, Piaggio
       Biplane trainer, a licence-built version of the British Blackburn
       {Lincock}. 
P.16, Piaggio
       Three-engined bomber monoplane. The P.16 had an inverted gull wing,
       with the centre section passing through the fuselage on shoulder
       height, just behind the cockpit. It was an advanced design but
       attracted no orders. No production. 1935.
P.23M, Piaggio
       The P.23M had the wing configuration of the {P.16}, and was fitted
       with four engines in two tandem pairs. It was intended for
       transatlantic flights, and was fitted with a boat-shaped fuselage
       for emergency ditching. It was tested only briefly.
       Type: P.23M
       Function: 
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 4 * 670kW Isotta Fraschini XI
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 18400kg
       Speed: 400km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 5100km
       Armament: 
P.23R, Piaggio
       The P.23R had nothing in common with the {P.23M}. It was a
       three-engined aircraft with twin fins and extreme streamlining.
       It set a new record for speed with payload. Later it was
       proposed to use it for a demonstration attack on New York.
       No production.
       Type: P.23R
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1937  Crew:   Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC40
       Speed: 404km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5000kg
P.32, Piaggio
       Medium bomber, a twin-engined monoplane. About 40 were built in
       two versions. But they were grounded and scrapped after a crash
       revealed serious control problems. 
       Type: P.32-II
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * Piaggio P.XI RC40
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
P.32bis, Reggiane
       Development of the Piaggio {P.32}. Two prototypes only. 
       Type: P.32/I.F.
       Function: bomber / transport
       Year: 1936  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 610kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI RC40
       Speed: 400km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range:
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 1600kg
P.50, Piaggio
       This bomber was the basis for the {P.108}. It was a mid-wing design
       with four engines, in a two-by-two tandem arrangment in the P.50-I
       and a more conventional leading-edge arrangment in the P.50-II.
       Type: P.50-I
       Function:
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 4 * Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range: 3350km
       Armament:
       Type: P.50-II
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1938  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
P.108, Piaggio
       This was a four-engined bomber, the only Italian WWII aircraft in
       this category. Only 163 were built and their operational use was
       even more restricted by teething troubles and bad organization;
       its combat use was limited to a number of attacks by small numbers
       of aircraft. The P.108A was fitted with a 102mm gun, fitted in the
       nose with a slight depression. The P.108C and P.108T were transport
       aircraft.
       Type: P.108B
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1941  Crew: 7  Engines: 4 * 1500hp Piaggio P.XII RC35
       Wing Span: 32.00m  Length: 22.30m  Height: 6.00m  Wing Area: 135m2
       Empty Weight: 17325kg  Max.Weight: 29885kg
       Speed: 430km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 4000km
       Armament: 8*mg12.7mm 3500kg
P.111, Piaggio
       Experimental aircraft for the development of pressurized systems.
P.112, Piaggio
       Development of the {P.108} with Piaggio P.XXII engines.
P.113, Piaggio
       Planned development of the {P.108} with more powerful engines. Never
       built.
P.114, Piaggio
       Seaplane development of the {P.112}.
P.119, Piaggio
       Single-seat fighter monoplane. The air-cooled radial engine was
       buried behind the cockpit, driving the propeller on the nose by a
       long extension shaft. A cooling air intake was located under the
       mid-fuselage. Development was halted after the Italian surrender
       in 1943.	One built.
       Type: P.119
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1650hp Piaggio P.XV RC60/2v
       Wing Span: 13.00m  Length: 9.70m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 27.80m2
       Empty Weight: 2438kg  Max.Weight: 4091kg
       Speed: 640km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1515km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg12.7mm
P.122, Piaggio
       Dive-bomber design. Not built.
P.123, Piaggio
       Proposed development of the {P.23R}.
P.133, Piaggio
       Improved {P.108}. Not built. 1450hp Piaggio P.XV engines and
       increased armament.
P.136, Piaggio
       Five-seat amphibian, a gull-winged aircraft with two pusher
       propellors. The air force bought 34 as SAR aircraft.
       Type: P.136L-2
       Function: SAR
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 255kW Avco Lycoming GSO-480
       Wing Span: 13.53m  Length: 10.80m  Height: 3.83m  Wing Area: 25.10m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 335km/h  Ceiling: 7800m  Range: 1450km
       Load: 4 seats
P.148, Piaggio
       Low-wing trainer with fixed landing gear. 100 built for the Italian
       airforce. 
       Type: P.148
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1951  Crew: 2-3  Engines: 1 * 190hp Lycoming O-453A
       Wing Span: 11.12m  Length: 8.44m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 18.85m2
       Empty Weight: 876kg  Max.Weight: 1280kg
       Speed: 232km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 800km
P.149, Piaggio
       Development of the {P.148} with retractable landing gear. The
       P.149D was adopted as primary trainer and liaison aircraft by
       the German Luftwaffe. Germany bought 72 and Focke-Wulf built
       an additional 190.
       Type: P.149D
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1957  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 200kW Avco Lycoming GO-480
       Wing Span: 11.12m  Length: 8.80m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 18.85m2
       Empty Weight: 1160kg  Max.Weight: 1680kg
       Speed: 305km/h  Ceiling: 6050m  Range: 1090km
       Load: 2-3 seats
P.150, Piaggio
       Monoplane trainer, designed as a replacement for the North American
       {T-6}. The P.150 was an all-metal, low-wing monoplane with a radial
       engine. The P.150 was rejected by the airforce.
       Type: P.150
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 447kW P&W R-1340-S3H1
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
P.166, Piaggio
       The P.166 is virtually a land-based version of the {P.136}; the
       boat fuselage was eliminated but the configuration remained the
       same. They are in military service in South Africa and Somalia.
       In 1997 Piaggio proposed a version withb P&WC PT6A-121 turboprop
       engines. 
       Type: P.166-DL2
       Function: transport
       Year: 1975  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 283kW Lycoming IGSO-540A1H
       Speed: 396km/h  Ceiling: 8230m  Range: 2410km
       Load: 5 seats 1166kg
PC, Pomilio
       Reconnaissance biplane. The PC was dangerously unstable, even
       by the relaxed standards of WWI. It was modified to become the
       {PD}. 
       Type: PC
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 260hp Fiat A.12
       Speed: 114mph  Ceiling:	 Range:
       Armament:
PD, Pomilio
       Development of the {PC}, with a modified tail and engine cowling.
       Total production of the PC and PD was 545. 
PD-808, Piaggio
       Twin-engined business jet. Used as trainer and executive transport,
       and as the PD-808ECM electronic warfare aircraft.
       Type: PD-808
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew: 5	Engines: 2 * 14.9kN R.R. Viper Mk.526
       Wing Span: 13.20m  Length: 12.85m  Height: 4.80m  Wing Area: 20.90m2
       Empty Weight: 4830kg  Max.Weight: 8165kg
       Speed: 852km/h  Ceiling: 13715m	Range: 2100km
       Load: 
PE, Pomilio
       Reconnaissance biplane, a development of the {PC} and {PD}
       with a more powerful engine and modified tail surfaces. 1071
       were built.
       Type: PE
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 190kW Fiat A-12
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1535kg
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 3.5h
       Armament: 1*mg8mm 1-2*mg7.7mm 
--Q--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--R--------------------------------------------------------------------------
R.2, Fiat
       First aircraft built by Fiat (formerly S.I.A.). The R.2 was a
       sturdy reconnaissance biplane, developed from the S.I.A. {S.9},
       that was used until 1925. 129 built.
       Type: R.2
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Fiat A-12b
       Speed: 175km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 720km
       Armament: 2-3*mg
R.22, Fiat
       Reconnaissance development of the {B.R.2}. 550hp Fiat A.22 engine.
R.700, Fiat
       Development of the {B.R.}. Set a speed record of 336km/h in 1922.
Re.2000 Falco I, Reggiane
       This was a contemporary of the Fiat {G.50} and Macchi {MC.200}.
       The Re.2000 had obviously been inspired by the U.S. Seversky
       {P-35} fighter, with its semi-elliptical wings and neatly cowled
       radial engine. Most of the about 170 built were sold to Sweden
       (60) and Hungary (70).
       Type: Re.2000 III
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 755kW Piaggio P.XIbis RC40
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 7.99m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 20.40m2
       Empty Weight: 2070kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 525km/h  Ceiling: 10500m	Range: 1300km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 200kg
Re.2001 Ariete I, Reggiane
       This was a development of the {Re.2000}, reengined with a copy of
       the German DB 601A. The integral wing fuel tankage of the Re.2000
       was eliminated, and the wing construction simplified. 252 were built,
       of which about 150 Re.2001 CN night fighters.
       Type: Re.2001
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 790kW Alfa Romeo RA.1000
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 7.99m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 20.40m2
       Empty Weight: 2070kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 540km/h  Ceiling: 12000m	Range: 1040km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 640kg
Re.2002 Ariete II, Reggiane
       This development of the {Re.2000} kept a radial engine, be it a
       more powerful one than that of the Re.2000, but had the wing of the
       {Re.2001}. It was intended as fighter-bomber. About 225 built.
       Type: Re.2002
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1175hp Piaggio P.XIX RC45
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 8.16m  Height: 3.15m  Wing Area: 20.40m2
       Empty Weight: 2390kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 530km/h  Ceiling: 10500m	Range: 1100km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 950kg
Re.2003, Reggiane
       Two built. Reconnaissance development of the {Re.2000}.
       Type: Re.2003
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 755kW Piaggio P.XIbis RC40
       Speed: 475km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Re.2004, Reggiane
       This was to be a version of the {Re.2001} with the Isotta-Fraschini
       Zeta engine. Never completed.
Re.2005 Sagittario, Reggiane
       The Re.2005 had similar lines as the earlier Reggiane fighters, but
       it was longer. It had the best performance of all the Italian
       DB605-engined fighters, but had structural problems. Series
       production was only 48, before the Italian surrender of 1943.
       Type: Re.2005
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1475hp Daimler Benz DB605A
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 8.73m  Height: 3.15m  Wing Area: 20.40m2
       Empty Weight: 2600kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 678km/h  Ceiling: 12000m	Range: 1250km
       Armament: 2*mg 3*g20mm
Re.2006, Reggiane
       Fighter, built but not flown.
Re.2007, Reggiane
       Jet fighter. It was never completed, because the German Junkers
       Jumo 004 engines were not delivered.
Ro.1, Romeo
       License-built Dutch Fokker {C.V} reconnaissance biplane. Many used
       in the colonial wars when Mussolini built his imperium.
       Type: Ro.1
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1927  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 420hp Bristol Jupiter
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Ro.37, Imam
       Biplane reconnaissance aircraft. The Ro 37 was not a very advanced
       design and in WWII it was obsolete. The Ro37bis had a Piaggio P.IX
       radial. Over 630 built.
       Type: Ro 37
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 550hp Fiat A.30 RA bis
       Speed: 325km/h  Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 1650km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1-2*mg12.7mm
Ro.41, Imam
       Lightweight biplane fighter, a small aircraft of mixed construction.
       It was used mainly as a fighter trainer. 437 built, including 25
       delivered to the Spanish nationalists. 
       Type: Ro.41
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 285kW Piaggio P.VII C45
       Wing Span: 8.81m  Length: 6.56m  Height: 2.65m  Wing Area: 12.40m2
       Empty Weight: 880kg  Max.Weight: 1130kg
       Speed: 325km/h  Ceiling: 8200m  Range: 600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Ro.43, Imam
       Floatplane development of the {Ro 37}, with a gulled upper wing and
       a large central float. The Ro 43 was a catapult-launched observation
       aircraft for cruisers and battleships. Limited service. About 200
       built.
       Type: Ro 43
       Function: observation
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 700hp Piaggio P.XR
       Speed: 303km/h  Ceiling: 7200m  Range: 1092km
       Armament: 2*mg
Ro.44, Imam
       The Ro 44 was a single-seat fighter development of the {Ro 43}.
       The Ro.44 was of identical biplane configuration, with a single
       main float. Changes from the Ro.43 were essentially limited to
       deletion of the second cockpit and fitting of two machine guns.
       35 were ordered.
       Type: Ro.44
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Piaggio P.XR 
       Wing Span: 11.57m  Length: 9.71m  Height: 3.55m  Wing Area: 33.36m2
       Empty Weight: 1770kg  Max.Weight: 2220kg
       Speed: 316km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
Ro.51, Imam
       Monoplane figher, a contemporary of the Fiat {G.50} and Macchi
       {MC.200}. The Ro.51 was rejected by the Regia Aeronautica. The
       second prototype was converted to a floatplane fighter, but was
       abandoned after an accident. Two built.
       Type: Ro.51
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 828hp Fiat A 74 R.C.38
       Wing Span: 9.78m  Length: 7.46m  Height: 2.71m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1663kg  Max.Weight: 2092kg
       Speed: 489km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
Ro.57, Imam
       When the Ro.57 entered service in 1942 after much delay, it was
       already obsolete. The Ro.57 was a twin-engined monoplane, designed
       as fighter, but developed as a ground attack aircraft because it
       was thought that it would be at a disadvantage when fighting
       single-engined fighters. Only about 50 were built. 
       Type: Ro.57
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC 38
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 8.80m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 23.00m2
       Empty Weight: 3490kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 516km/h  Ceiling: 9300m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
Ro.58, Imam
       Twin-engined long-range fighter, bomber interceptor, nightfighter
       and fighter-bomber. The Ro.58 was a well-streamlined aircraft of
       all-metal construction. It was considered to be superior to the
       German {Me 410}, and possesed excellent manoeuvrability. The
       Italian surrender in 1943 ended the development. One built.
       Type: Ro.58
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1159hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A-1
       Wing Span: 13.40m  Length: 9.89m  Height: 3.29m  Wing Area: 26.20m2
       Empty Weight: 4350kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 605km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1500km
       Armament: 5*g20mm 1*mg12.7mm
Ro.63, Imam
       Six built.
       Type:  Ro.63
       Function: liaison / reconnaissance
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 205kW Hirth HM508D
       Speed: 203km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 900km
       Load: 1-2 seats
R.S.14, Fiat
       Twin-engined floatplane. The R.S.14 was first flown in 1938
       but development was slow. 152 built.
       Type: RS.14
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1942  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 2 * 840hp Fiat A.74 RC 38
       Speed: 390km/h  Ceiling: 6300m  Range: 2500km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1*mg12.7mm 400kg
--S--------------------------------------------------------------------------
S.7, S.A.I. Ambrosini
       Wooden monoplane trainer, first flown in 1939. The S.7 was built
       in two-seat and single-seat versions and was also a popular racing
       aircraft, setting some records in its category.
       Type: S.7
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1949  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 215hp Alfa Romeo 115
       Speed: 358km/h  Ceiling: 5250m  Range: 1000km
S.8, S.I.A.I
       Reconnaissance and ASW flying boat, inspired by the FBA flying boats
       that SIAI had produced earlier. The Regia Marina ordered 800, but at
       the end of WWI most orders were cancelled and only 214 were
       completed. 
       Type: S.8
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 170hp Isotta-Fraschini
       Wing Span: 12.77m  Length: 9.84m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 46m2
       Empty Weight: 900kg  Max.Weight: 1375kg
       Speed: 142km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 120kg
S.9, S.I.A.
       Two-seat reconnaissance bomber, a biplane with a 700hp Fiat
       A.14 engine.
S.9, S.I.A.I.
       Flying boat bomber, a biplane with a 300hp Fiat A.12bis engine. 1918.
       No production.
S.12, S.I.A.I.
       Reconnaissance flying boat, a biplane with a pusher engine.
       The S.12 was fast, with a top speed of 222km/h, and participated
       in the races for the Schneider Trophy. But it was not ordered by
       the Regia Marina. 1918.
S.13, S.I.A.I.
       Smaller development of the S.12. Small numbers were built, for the
       Italian military and for export.
       Type: S.13
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1919  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 187kW Isotta Fraschini 
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 197km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
S.16, S.I.A.I.
       Biplane flying boat, of similar configuration as the earlier SIAI
       types, but initially designed as a civilian transport. Later it
       was also used by the military forces of Italy, Brazil, Spain and
       the USSR.
       Type: S.16ter
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1919  Crew: 2-3  Engines: 1 * 298kW Lorraine Dietrich 12Db
       Wing Span: 15.50m  Length: 9.89m  Height: 3.67m  Wing Area: 52m2
       Empty Weight: 1852kg  Max.Weight: 2652kg
       Speed: 194km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 1000km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 220kg
S.23, S.I.A.I.       
       Trainer version of the {S.16}. One built.
S.50, S.I.A.I.
       Single-seat biplane fighter, originally developed by Marchetti as
       the MVT. The fighter set an unofficial world speed record in 1919,
       but production was limited to three evaluation examples. Four
       built.
       Type: S.50
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 285hp SPA 62a 
       Wing Span: 8.70m  Length: 7.75m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 21.50m2
       Empty Weight: 747kg  Max.Weight: 987kg
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.1hrs
       Armament: 
S.52, S.I.A.I.
       Biplane fighter, a derivative of the {S.50} with a Hispano-Suiza
       HS 42 engine. It was too late for the Italian 1924 fighter contest.
       Two built.
       Type: S.52
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 42
       Wing Span: 10.70m  Length: 7.18m  Height:   Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight: 800kg  Max.Weight: 1100kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5h
       Armament:
S.55, Savoia-Marchetti
       Flying boat. The S.55 had a very unusual twin-hulled monoplane
       layout, with tandem engines on a central pylon, and tail surfaces
       supported by tubular struts. The cockpit was in tht thick center
       section of the wing. Despite initial skepticism, the navy bought
       170. Italo Balbo made the S.55 famous with long-distance formation
       flights. 
       Type: S.55
       Function: bomber / transport
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 515kW Fiat A-24R
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling: 4200m  Range: 2000km
       Load: 10-12 seats, 730kg
S.58, S.I.A.I.
       Single-seat, biplane flying boat fighter. The S.58 did not enter
       production. It was selected three times to replace the Macchi
       {M.7}, but the older aircraft was kept in service! Four built.
       Type: S.58bis
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Fiat A 20
       Wing Span: 11.25m  Length: 9.10m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 29.10m2
       Empty Weight: 1117kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 267km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.59, Savoia-Marchetti
       Biplane flying boat. The S.59 was underpowered, but the reengined
       S.59bis was built in relatively large numbers. They served in the
       first line until 1937, and as trainers afterwards. About 150
       built. There was also a civilian version.
       Type: S.59bis
       Function: reconnaissance / bomber
       Year: 1927  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 380kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso 500
       Wing Span: 15.50m  Length: 10.36m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 60m2
       Empty Weight: 1950kg  Max.Weight: 2950kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling: 4550m  Range: 5hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 280kg
S.62, Savoia-Marchetti
       Biplane flying boat. The S.62 was not accepted by the Italian
       armed forces, but some were built for civilian operators and
       24 for the USSR. 29 more were built in the USSR.
       Type: S.62
       Function: bomber / reconnaissance
       Year: 1926  Crew: 4  Engines: 1 * 635kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso 750 
       Wing Span: 16.66m  Length: 12.26m  Height: 4.19m  Wing Area: 69.50m2
       Empty Weight: 2630kg  Max.Weight: 5030kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling: 4900m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 600kg
S.66, Savoia-Marchetti
       The S.66 had the same configuration as the succesful {S.55}, but
       was larger and more powerful, with three engines instead of two.
       It was designed as a civilian transport, but some flew SAR
       missions at the beginning of WWII.
       Type: S.66
       Function: transport
       Year: 1932  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 750hp Fiat A.24R
       Wing Span: 33.00m  Length: 16.65m  Height: 4.90m  Wing Area: 126.70m2
       Empty Weight: 7450kg  Max.Weight: 10950kg
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 1290km
       Load: 14 seats
S.67, S.I.A.I.
       Single-seat monoplane flying boat fighter, intended to be
       catapult-launched from cruisers. It was a shoulder-wing design,
       with the pusher engine on a pylon high aboce the fuselage. 
       Three were built. They actually entered service, and were used
       until 1935. 
       Type: S.67
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 520hp Fiat A 20
       Wing Span: 13.10m  Length: 8.97m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 27.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1209kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 258km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.7h
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.72, Savoia-Marchetti
       This was a bomber development of the S.71 transport. The S.72
       was a shoulder-wing aircraft with fixed landing gear and three
       engines. Six or more were built for China.
       Type: S.72
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1934  Crew:   Engines: 3 * 410kW Alfa Romeo/Bristol Pegasus 
       Wing Span: 29.68m  Length: 19.95m  Height: 5.50m
       Wing Area: 118.50m
       Empty Weight: 6800kg  Max.Weight: 12800kg
       Speed: 295km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 6*mg7.7mm 1*g20mm 1000kg
S.73, Savoia-Marchetti
       Three-engined transport aircraft, a low-wing airplane with fixed
       landing gear. Its lines would become typical for the Savoia-
       Marchetti designs. Some were used by the Italian airforce,
       including four which -- having originally been sold to Belgium --
       had served with the RAF before they were captured in North
       Africa!
       Type: S.73
       Function: transport
       Year: 1934  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 600kW Alfa Romeo 126 RC.10
       Wing Span: 24.00m  Length: 18.37m  Height: 4.45m
       Wing Area: 92.20m2
       Empty Weight: 7300kg  Max.Weight: 10800kg
       Speed: 325km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 1000km
       Load: 18 seats
S.75, Savoia-Marchetti
       S.75 and later: See {S.M.75} and later.
S.107, S.A.I. / Ambrosini
       This lightweight fighter was developed from the {S.7} trainer.
       Initially it was fitted with a very elongated, smooth cockpit
       cover, but this was replaced with a conventional one because
       it distorted the view. Onlu one was built, but the performance
       was good enough to warrant development of the S.207.
       Type: S.107
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 515hp Isotta-Fraschini Gamma R.C.35
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length: 8.00m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 13.10m2
       Empty Weight: 1280kg  Max.Weight: 1600kg
       Speed: 500km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
S.207, S.A.I.
       See {S.A.I. 207}.
S.211, Siai Marchetti / Agusta
       Jet trainer. The S.211 is a small shoulder-wing aircraft,
       single-engined, with tandem seating. The more powerful S.211A
       derivative was offered to the USAF by Siai-Marchetti/Grumman
       for the JPATS requirement. 
       Type: S.211A
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1989  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 14.2kN P&WC JT15D-5C
       Wing Span: 8.47m  Length: 9.50m  Height: 3.80m  Wing Area: 12.66m2
       Empty Weight: 2020kg  Max.Weight: 3500kg
       Speed: 713km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3hrs 25min
       Armament: 600kg
S.403, S.A.I.
       See {S.A.I. 403}.
Sagittario, Aerfer
       Light, swept-wing jet fighter. The engine was installed in the
       front fuselage, with an exhaust under the mid fuselage. Two were
       built. The Sagittario was the first Italian aircraft the exceed
       the speed of sound in a dive. 
       Type: Sagittario II
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1650kg R.R. Derwent 9
       Wing Span: 7.50m  Length: 9.50m  Height:   Wing Area: 14.50m2
       Empty Weight: 2300kg  Max.Weight: 3300kg
       Speed: 1050km/h	Ceiling: 12000m  Range: 765km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 500kg
S.A.I. 207
       A more powerful development of the {S.107}. This was an attempt to
       develop a lightweight fighter with a construction of nonstrategic
       materials. Handling and manoeuvrability were excellent. Only a
       dozen were built. An order for 2000 was overtaken by the development
       of the {S.403}. 
       Type: S.A.I.207
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 750hp Isotta-Fraschini Delta RC40
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length: 8.02m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 13.90m2
       Empty Weight: 1750kg  Max.Weight: 2415kg
       Speed: 625km/h  Ceiling: 12000m	Range: 850km
       Armament: 2*mg12.7mm
S.A.I. 403
       This was the final development of the {S.A.I.207}. It was redesigned,
       with aerodynamic changes and a more robust structure. 3000 were
       ordered, but only the prototype was completed by the armistice.
       Type: S.A.I. 403
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 750hp Isotta-Fraschini R.C.21/60
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 8.20m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 14.46m2
       Empty Weight: 1983kg  Max.Weight: 2640kg
       Speed: 648km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 937km
       Armament: 
Saiman 200
       Biplane trainer, used until 1947. 115 were built.
       Type: 200
       Function: trainer 
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 138kW Alfa Romeo 115
       Wing Span: 8.78m  Length: 7.47m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 22m2
       Empty Weight: 761kg  Max.Weight: 1055kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 475km
Saiman 202
       A wooden low-wing monoplane, used on a large scale as liaison
       aircraft and trainer. Continued flying after WWII.
       Type: 202
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 120hp Alfa Romeo 110
       Wing Span: 10.66m  Length: 7.65m  Height: 1.91m  Wing Area: 17.66m2
       Empty Weight: 670kg  Max.Weight: 930kg
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 700km
SAR 42, Aerospatiale/Aeritalia
       Proposed sea patrol development of the ATR 42 airliner.
SF.260, SIAI-Marchetti
       Two/three seat light aircraft. Primarilmy a trainer, but some
       have a limited weapon-carrying capability. There is also a
       turboprop-engined version. Over 700 built.
       Type: SF.260W
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1972  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 194kW Textron Lycoming O-540-E4A5
       Wing Span: 8.35m  Length: 7.10m  Height: 2.41m  Wing Area: 10.10m2
       Empty Weight: 830kg  Max.Weight: 1300kg
       Speed: 306km/h  Ceiling: 4480m  Range: 1490km
       Armament: 300kg
S.I.A. 7B
       Reconnaissance biplane. Not very succesful, mostly because of
       structural problems. Performance and handling were good. After
       500 S.I.A.7s, the design was modified into the 7B with stronger
       wings. 
       Type: 7B
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 186kW Fiat A.12
       Wing Span: 13.32m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1650kg
       Speed: 175km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.I.A. 9B
       More powerful development of the 7B, intended as light bomber and
       reconnaissance aircraft. Only 62 were built; the orders were
       cancelled at the end of WWI.
       Type: 9B
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 447kW Fiat A.14
       Wing Span: 15.50m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2990kg
       Speed: 215km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
S.I.A. 1200
       Bomber, first flown in 1917. No production.
SLD, Ducrot
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The SLD used a powerful French engine
       and had an aerodynamically clean fuselage. It entered testing at
       the end of WWI.
       Type: SLD
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza 35
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 22.00m2
       Empty Weight: 610kg  Max.Weight: 810kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
S.M.74, Savoia-Marchetti
       The S.M.74 was a civil transport, that was pressed into military
       service in WWII. A high-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear and a
       deep fuselage of rectangular cross section. Three built.
       Type: S.M.74
       Function: transport
       Year: 1935  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 700hp Piaggio Stella X RC
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2000km
       Load: 27 seats
S.M.75, Savoia-Marchetti
       The S.M.75 was a good three-engined transport aircraft. It was
       designed as a civil transport, but its performance attracted
       military orders. It was a three-engined, low-wing monoplane with
       retractable landing gear. Some were also used as bombers. After
       the 1943 surrender, the S.M.75 served also with the Luftwaffe.
       It also was used postwar.
       Type: S.M.75
       Function: transport
       Year: 1939  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 3 * 750hp Alfa Romeo A.R. 126 RC 34
       Wing Span: 29.68m  Length: 21.60m  Height: 5.10m
       Wing Area: 118.60m2
       Empty Weight: 9500kg  Max.Weight: 13000kg
       Speed: 363km/h  Ceiling: 6250m  Range: 1720km
       Load: 18 seats
S.M.76, Savoia-Marchetti
       This was a version of the {S.M.75} with Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp
       engines. 
S.M.79 Sparviero, Savoia-Marchetti
       The S.M.79 was built in three-engined and twin-engined versions
       --- the twin-engined models were only built for export to Brazil,
       Iraq, Rumania and Yugoslavia. It was a sturdy hump-backed aircraft
       which first flew in 1934, and provided valuable service even in
       the most difficult conditions. It was used as a bomber and as
       a torpedo-bomber. Production ceased in 1944 after about 1370
       aircraft. 
       Type: S.M.79 I
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 4-5  Engines: 3 * 580kW Alfa Romeo 126 RC.34
       Wing Span: 21.20m  Length: 15.80m  Height: 4.30m
       Wing Area: 61.70m2
       Empty Weight: 6800kg  Max.Weight: 10480kg
       Speed: 430km/h  Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 1900km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 1250kg
       Type: S.M.79 II
       Function: bomber, torpedo-bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC40
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 434km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 1*mg7.7mm 1250kg
S.M.81 Pipistrello, Savoia-Marchetti
       This was a military version of the S.M.73 airliner, a three-engined
       monoplane with fixed landing gear. It did see combat in Spain.
       In 1940 it was obsolete, but it served until 1942 until it was
       reassigned to transport duties, and a few continued in this role
       until 1951! 584 built.
       Type: S.M.81
       Function: bomber / transport
       Year: 1935  Crew: 6  Engines: 3 * 515kW Piaggio P.X RC35
       Wing Span: 24.00m  Length: 17.80m  Height: 4.45m  Wing Area: 93m2
       Empty Weight: 6300kg  Max.Weight: 9300kg
       Speed: 340km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 1000kg
S.M.82 Marsupiale, Savoia-Marchetti
       The S.M.82 transport was decidedly underpowered, but it provided
       the axis powers with a much needed heavy transport capacity. It
       was called Marsupiale because of its ability to ferry dismantled
       fighters in the large, bulging fuselage. The S.M.82 was provided
       with an internal bomb bay, but this was used mostly for fuel tanks.
       Approx 400 built. They served until the were replaced by the
       {C-119} in the 1950s.
       Type: S.M.82
       Function: transport
       Year: 1939  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 710kW Alfa Romeo 128 RC.21
       Wing Span: 29.68m  Length: 22.90m  Height: 6.00m  Wing Area: 118.60m2
       Empty Weight: 10550kg  Max.Weight: 18020kg
       Speed: 370km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 3970km
       Armament: 1*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.7mm 4000kg
S.M.84, Savoia-Marchetti
       This aircraft was designed as a replacement for the {S.M.79}.
       It was very similar, except for the twin fins, but had a new
       a more modern fuselage contruction. Its combat use was not very
       successful, because it was unstable and had unreliable engines.
       309 were built.
       Type: S.M.84
       Function: bomber / torpedo bomber
       Year: 1941  Crew: 5  Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC 40
       Wing Span: 21.13m  Length: 17.93m  Height: 4.59m  Wing Area: 61m2
       Empty Weight: 8846kg  Max.Weight: 13288kg
       Speed: 432km/h  Ceiling: 7900m  Range: 1830km
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm 2000kg
S.M.85, Savoia-Marchetti
       Twin-engined dive bomber. The S.M.85 was a wooden, angular, ugly,
       and grossly underpowered aircraft. They flew one combat mission
       (failing to find their targets) before the structure detoriated
       and the aircraft were rendered inoperational! 36 built.
       Type: S.M.85
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 370kW Piaggio P.VII RC35
       Wing Span: 14.00m  Length: 10.40m  Height: 3.33m  Wing Area: 25.80m2
       Empty Weight: 2950kg  Max.Weight: 4190kg
       Speed: 368km/h  Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 830km
       Armament: 1-2*mg12.7mm 800kg
S.M.86, Savoia-Marchetti
       Reengined development of the {S.M.85}. Two prototypes only.
S.M.87, Savoia-Marchetti
       Floatplane version of the {S.M.75}. Four built.
       Type: S.M.87
       Function: transport
       Year: 1939  Crew: 4  Engines: 3 * 735kW Fiat A.80 RC41
       Speed: 365km/h  Ceiling: 6250m  Range: 2200km
       Load: 24 seats
S.M.88, SIAI-Marchetti
       Three-seat light bomber, later changed to become the {S.M.91}
       fighter.
S.M.90, Savoia-Marchetti
       Version of the {S.M.75} with 1044kW Alfa Romeo 135 engines and
       a longer fuselage. One built.
S.M.91, SIAI-Marchetti
       Long-range fighter. The S.M.91 was a twin-boom aircraft similar in
       configuration to the Lockheed {P-38}: It had a small center-section
       nacelle for the crew and the armament. It was powered by German
       engines. Development ended after the Italian surrender of 1943,
       although plans were made for a version with Rolls-Royce Merlin
       engines. One built.
       Type: S.M.91
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1290hp Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1
       Wing Span: 19.70m  Length: 13.25m  Height: 3.85m  Wing Area: 41.76m2
       Empty Weight: 6400kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 585km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg20mm 500kg
S.M.92, SIAI-Marchetti
       The S.M.92 was developed simultaneously with the {S.M.91} and was
       similar, except that the small central nacelle was eliminated and
       the crew seated in the left boom. The prototype was flown by the
       Germans in 1943, but development was not continued.
       Type: S.M.92
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1943  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1290hp Daimler-Benz DB 605A-1
       Wing Span: 18.55m  Length: 13.70m  Height: 4.15m  Wing Area: 38.52m2
       Empty Weight: 6250kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 615km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*g20mm 3*mg12.7mm
S.M.95, Savoia-Marchetti
       Medium-range transport aircraft, a beautiful four-engined design.
       They served with several airlines, and a small number was used
       by the post-war Italian airforce. Some had Pratt & Whitney Twin
       Wasp or Bristol Pegasus engines. 
       Type: S.M.95
       Function: transport
       Year: 1943  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 4 * 625kW Alfa Romeo 128 RC18
       Wing Span: 34.28m  Length: 24.77m  Height: 5.70m  Wing Area: 128.30m2
       Empty Weight: 12800kg  Max.Weight: 21600kg
       Speed: 360km/h  Ceiling: 6350m  Range: 2000km
       Load: 18 seats
S.M.102, SIAI-Marchetti
       Twin-engined light transport aircraft. It was unsuccessful on the
       civil market, but a small series was built for the Italian airforce.
       Type: S.M.102
       Function: transport
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 335kW P&W R-985
       Wing Span: 18m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 5050kg
       Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 8 seats
S.M.1019, SIAI-Marchetti
       High-wing cabin monoplane. It is a development of the once
       widely-used Cessna {O-1} Birddog with a turboprop engine.
       About 100 built.
       Type: S.M.1019E
       Function: observation / FAC
       Year: 1974  Crew:2   Engines: 1 * 298kW Allison 250-B17
       Wing Span: 10.97m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 7620m  Range: 1350km
       Armament: 320kg
S.P.1, S.I.A.
       Development of the French Farman biplanes. A few built.
S.P.2, S.I.A.
       Development of the {S.P.1}. 400 built.
       Type: S.P.2
       Function: reconnaissance / trainer
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 260hp Fiat A-12
       Speed: 120km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range:
       Armament:
S.P.3, S.I.A.
       Development of the {S.P.2}. The type was clearly obsolete, but
       nevertheless 300 were built. Some had 225kW A.12bis engines.
       In 1917 the S.P. series equipped a quarter of the Italian
       airforce.
       Type: S.P.3
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 *  190kW Fiat A.12
       Wing Span: 14.70m  Length: 10.95m  Height: 3.55m  Wing Area: 60m2
       Empty Weight: 1048kg  Max.Weight: 1498kg
       Speed: 145km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 450km
       Armament: 1*mg7.62mm
S.P.4, S.I.A.
       Twin-engined development of the {S.P.3}, powered by 112kW Isotta-
       Fraschini engines. 146 built.
S.S.4, S.A.I.-Ambrosini
       The S.S.4 was a single-seat fighter of canard configuration with a
       pusher engine. This configuration was also used by the far better
       known Curtiss X{P-55} Ascender and Kyushu {J7W} Shinden, but the
       S.S.4 was a first. One of the reasons for its relative obscurity
       may be that the S.S.4 crashed on its second flight. One built.
       Type: S.S.4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 960hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI R.C.40
       Wing Span: 12.32m  Length: 6.74m  Height: 2.48m  Wing Area: 17.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1800kg  Max.Weight: 2446kg
       Speed: 540km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g30mm 2*g20mm
Stipa-Caproni
       This was an experimental aircraft, preceding the Caproni-Campini
       {N.1}. It basically was a flying venturi tube with a de Havilland
       Gipsy engine fitted inside it, while the propeller turned in the
       front edge of the tube. The crew sat in a bulge on top. 1932.
S.V.A., Ansaldo
       The first aircraft in the S.V.A. series, designed by Savoia and
       Verdusio, built by Ansaldo. The S.V.A was fast, but considered
       not maneuvrable enough for a fighter, and development was initiated
       of the {S.V.A.2} reconnaissance aircraft.
       Type: S.V.A.
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 205hp SPA 6A
       Wing Span: 9.10m  Length: 8.10m  Height: 2.65m  Wing Area: 24.2m2
       Empty Weight: 670kg  Max.Weight: 952kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.V.A. 2, Ansaldo
       Reconnaissance version of the {S.V.A.}, mainly used as a trainer.
S.V.A. 3, Ansaldo
       Fighter, developed from the original {S.V.A.}. A special version
       with shortened wings was produced as airship interceptor.
       Type: S.V.A. 3 ridotto
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp SPA 6A
       Wing Span: 7.75m  Length: 8.10m  Height: 2.65m  Wing Area: 22.0m2
       Empty Weight: 667kg  Max.Weight: 891kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.V.A. 4, Ansaldo
       The was almost identical with the {S.V.A.5}. Approx 10 built.
S.V.A. 5, Ansaldo
       Most succesful derivative of the original {S.V.A.}. This was one
       of the best bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of WWI. The
       S.V.A. 5 had been designed as a fighter, but had been rejected
       because of deficient maneuvrability. As a bomber and reconnaissance
       aircraft the fast, long-ranged S.V.A. 5 was excellent. Total
       production of the series was approx. 2000.
       Type: S.V.A. 5
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp S.P.A. 6A
       Wing Span: 9.10m  Length: 8.10m  Height: 2.65m  Wing Area: 24.20m2
       Empty Weight: 680kg  Max.Weight: 1050kg
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 6h
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.V.A. 9, Ansaldo
       Two-seat trainer version of the {S.V.A.5}.
S.V.A. 10, Ansaldo
       Two-seat version of the {S.V.A.5}.
       Type: S.V.A. 10
       Function: reconnaissance bomber
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 250hp Isotta-Fraschini
       Speed: 207km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
--T--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tebaldi-Zara (Breda)
       Unusual sesquiplane fighter. The upper wing was fitted to the top of
       the fuselage; the lower wing was connected to the fuselage by a
       streamlined fairing. The lower wing  incorporated the axis of the
       main wheels, which were of unusual large diameter. Breda bought the
       design and developed it further, but the Italian air force showed no
       interest. One built.
       Type: Tebaldi-Zara
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS42
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 22.00m2
       Empty Weight: 825kg  Max.Weight: 1100kg
       Speed: 255km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Tornado, Panavia
       (M-GB&D&I-A-AFTR-S-N-J2)
       Multi-role aircraft developed and built in cooperation with
       Germany and Britain. It is a compact twin-engined variable-
       geometry aircraft. The Tornado was also the first production
       military aircraft with flight-by-wire controls. There are
       strike-attack (IDS), air defence (ADV) and electronic warfare
       (ECR) versions. The ADV has an elongated nose. The original
       contractors bought 933 aircraft, but production is still
       underway for Saudi-Arabia. The IDS version is considered a
       very effective attack aircraft, but the ADV has been critized
       because it is a long-range interceptor with little capacity for
       dogfights. British IDS Tornadoes will be upgraded to GR.4
       configuration. The loss of six British Tornadoes during the
       1992 Gulf War resulted in a storm of criticisim, most of it
       unjustified. 
       Type: Tornado F.3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1986  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 8530kg Turbo-union RB199-34R Mk.104
       Wing Span: 13.91m/8.60m  Length: 18.08m  Height: 5.95m
       Wing Area: 30.00m2/
       Empty Weight: 14501kg  Max.Weight: 27987kg
       Speed: 2333km/h	Ceiling: 21335m  Range: 3600km
       Armament: 1*g27mm msl
       Type: Tornado GR.1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1982  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 71.4kN Turbo-union RB199-34R Mk.101
       Wing Span: 13.90m/8.60m  Length: 16.70m  Height: 5.70m
       Wing Area: 30m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 27210kg
       Speed: 1480km/h	Ceiling: 15240m  Range: 3890km
       Armament: 2*g27mm  8980kg
--U--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--V--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--W--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--X--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Y--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Z--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Z.501 Gabbiano, CANT
       The Z.501 was a single-engined flying boat, with long, complicated
       struts between the high-set wing and engine nacelle and the fuselage,
       but otherwise clean. It set some long-distance records in 1934 and
       1935. Over 200 were in service in june 1940, but the number rapidly
       diminished because of the vulnerability of the Z.501. 454 built.
       Type: Z.501
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1936  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 1 * 900hp Isotta Fraschini Asso XI R2C15
       Wing Span: 22.50m  Length: 14.30m  Height: 4.42m  Wing Area: 62m2
       Empty Weight: 3840kg  Max.Weight: 7035kg
       Speed: 275km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 4830km
       Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm 640kg
Z.504, CANT
       Reconnaissance flying boat. The Z.504 was a two-seat biplane,
       competing for orders with the {Ro.43}. No production.
       Type: Z.504
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1934  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 610hp Piaggio Stella IX Rc
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Z.506 Airone, CANT
       The Z.506 was an excellent three-engined floatplane of wooden
       construction, built in civil and military versions. A few flew
       in the Spanish civil war; one remained operational until 1956!
       344 built.
       Type: Z.506B
       Function: torpedo bomber and reconnaissance
       Year: 1937  Crew: 5  Engines: 3 * 750hp Alfa Romeo 126 RC34
       Wing Span: 26.50m  Length: 19.25m  Height: 7.40m  Wing Area: 87m2
       Empty Weight: 8300kg  Max.Weight: 12300kg
       Speed: 365km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 2745km
       Armament: 1200kg 1*mg12.7mm 4*mg7.7mm
Z.508, CANT
       Three-seat bomber/reconnaissance flying boat with a parasol wing.
       The single prototype was used to set distance and altitude records.
       Type: Z.508
       Function: bomber / reconnaissance
       Year: 1936  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 840hp Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI RC40
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:	Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight:
       Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Z.509, CANT
       Development of the {Z.506} with 735kW Fiat A.80 engines.
Z.511, CANT
       Transport seaplane, one built.
       Type: Z.511
       Function: transport
       Year: 1940  Crew: 6  Engines: 4 * 1100kW Piaggio P.XII RC35
       Speed: 424km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 5100km
       Load: 16 seats
Z.1007 Alcione, CANT
       Landplane development of the {Z.506}. This was a three-engined
       medium bomber of wooden construction, built both with twin and
       single tail fins. The major production version, Z.1007bis, was
       a complete redesign with only configurational similarity to
       the Z.1007 prototype. The Z.1007bis was used extensively in the
       Mediterranean, and also for one attack on Britain. Production of
       the last model, Z.1007ter, was limited. Total production was 564.
       Type: Z.1007bis
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew: 5  Engines: 3 * 1000hp Piaggio P.XI RC40
       Wing Span: 24.80m  Length: 18.35m  Height: 5.22m  Wing Area: 75m2
       Empty Weight: 9395kg  Max.Weight: 13620kg
       Speed: 465km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2350km
       Armament: 2000kg 2*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm
Z.1011, CANT
       Twin-engined medium bomber. Only five prototypes were built
       before the air force changed its mind and bought the {Z.1007}.
       The Z.1011 was then used as a staff transport.
       Type: Z.1011
       Function: bomber / transport
       Year: 1937  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1240kW Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI RC15
       Speed: 350km/h	Ceiling: 8000m	Range:
       Armament: 5*mg
Z.1012, CANT
       Type: Z.1012
       Function: transport
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 3 * 125kW Alfa Romeo 115
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1000km
       Armament:
Z.1014, CANT
       Design for a long-range bomber.
Z.1015, CANT
       Development of the {Z.1007} with 1500hp Piaggio P.XII RC35
       engines. Few built.
Z.1018 Leone, CANT
       Twin-engined medium bomber. An elegant, well-streamlined aircraft
       that was the last CANT. A fighter version and a torpedo bomber
       were never built. 17 completed.
       Type: Z.1018
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1943  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1350hp Piaggio P.XII RC35
       Speed: 524km/h  Ceiling: 7250m  Range: 1335km
       Armament: 3*mg12.7mm 2*mg7.7mm 2000kg
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