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Version of 12 June 1998
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A, Gourdou-Leseurre
       See {GL-1}.
A, Morane-Saulnier
       Training monoplane. 13 built for the French army.
A.2, Spad
       See {SA.2}.
AA.1, Ateliers-Aeronautiques d'Issy-Moulinaux
       This was the Caudron C.440 {Goeland}, as built by the
       nationalized Caudron factory after 1945.
AAC-1 Toucan
       French version of the Junkers {Ju 52}, built during and
       after WWII.
AC, Morane-Saulnier
       Shoulder-wing fighter monoplane. The AC had ailerons, while the
       earlier types {N}, {G}, {I} and {V} used wing warping. The AC
       was a clean, advanced design, but the SPAD {S.VII} was preferred,
       and only about 30 were built.
       Type: AC
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone 9JB
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 7.05m  Height: 2.73m  Wing Area: 15.00m2
       Empty Weight: 435kg  Max.Weight: 658kg
       Speed: 178km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h 30m
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Ader
       Clement Ader claimed to have flown in his 'Eole' on 9 October 1890.
       This was a about 50m powered 'hop', uncontrolled but the first from
       ground level (starting ramps were used for earlier hops.) On 3
       February 1892, Ader received a contract for a two-seater capable
       of carrying 75kg of bombs. It was built but crashed at the first
       flight attempt on 14 October 1897.
Aerienne Bordelaise 80
       Bomber design.
AF, Morane-Saulnier
       Fighter biplane, the first of this manufacturer that had previously
       built monoplane fighters. The AF had excellent handling and
       performance, but did not enter production because the it improved
       too little on the SPAD {S.XIII}.
       Type: AF
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 150hp Gnome Monosoupape 9Nb
       Wing Span: 7.47m  Length: 5.15m  Height: 2.35m  Wing Area: 15.31m2
       Empty Weight: 421kg  Max.Weight: 649kg
       Speed: 207km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
AFH, Morane-Saulnier
       Shipboard, seaplane derivative of the {AF}. 
AI, Morane-Saulnier
       Single-seat, parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The AI was built
       as the MoS.27C version with a single gun, the MoS.29C with
       two guns, and the MoS.30E.1 as trainer. The AI was considered
       to be the equal of the SPAD {S.XIII}, but the wing showed some
       weakness, and the combat career was very brief because of the
       unreliable engines. 1210 were built.
       Type: AI
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N
       Wing Span: 8.51m  Length: 5.65m	Height: 2.4m  Wing Area: 13.39m2
       Empty Weight: 488kg  Max.Weight: 598kg
       Speed: 208km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2h 30m
       Armament: 1-2*mg
Aiglon, Caudron C.600 (601)
       Civil touring monoplane; used by the military from 1939 until
       after WWII.
       Type: C.600
       Function: liaisin
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 140hp Renault Bengali
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 540km
Aladin, Dassault MD 451
       See {MD 451}. 
Alcyon, Morane-Saulnier MS.733
       Basic trainer, a low wing monoplane with retractable landing gear.
       The MS.733 was built for the Armee de l'Air and the Aeronavale.
       It had fine handling, but a mediocre performance. Some flew combat
       missions in Algeria. 205 built.
       Type: MS.733 
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1951  Crew: 2-3  Engines: 1 * 179kW Potez 6D.30
       Wing Span: 11.29m  Length: 9.32m  Height: 2.42m  Wing Area: 21.90m2
       Empty Weight: 1260kg  Max.Weight: 1870kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling: 4800m  Range: 920km
Alize, Breguet Br 1050
       Small carrier-based ASW aircraft, developed from the Vultur.
       89 built.
       Type: Br 1050 Alize
       Function: ASW
       Year: 1956  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 1473kW R.R. Dart R.Da.7 Mk.21
       Wing Span: 15.60m  Length: 13.86m  Height: 5.00m  Wing Area: 36m2
       Empty Weight: 5700kg  Max.Weight: 8200kg
       Speed: 518km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 2500km
       Armament: 1360kg
Alouette, Sud-Est SE 3120
       Light helicopter. The Alouette was already a good helicopter;
       great succes came when the 200hp Salmson engine was replaced by
       a turboshaft to create the {Alouette II}. In 1953, a prototype
       Alouette was used for the first missile firing trials. 
       Type: Alouette
       Function: utility
       Year: 1952  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 150kW Salmson 9Nh
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range: 
       Load: 2 seats
Alouette II, Sud-Est / Aerospatiale
       Light helicopter. The Alouette II is as simple as possible with a
       tubular frame, an engine and a small cabin. It was the first
       production helicopter with a turboshaft engine. Over 1300 were
       built. 
       Type: SE 313B Alouette II
       Function: utility
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 285kW Turbomeca Artouste II C6
       Rotor Span: 10.20m  Length: 12.05m  Height: 2.75m  Disc Area: 87.71m2
       Empty Weight: 895kg  Max.Weight: 1600kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling: 2150m  Range: 565km
       Load: 4 seats
Alouette III, Aerospatiale
       Light transport and utility helicopter. A bit larger and more
       refined than the {Alouette II}, with a fully faired fuselage
       structure. 1445 were built in France but it was also
       license-built in Romania and India. 
       Type: SA 316B Alouette III
       Function: utility
       Year: 1970  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 435kW Turbomeca Artouste IIIB
       Rotor Span: 11.02m  Length: 12.84m  Height: 3.00m  Disc Area: 95.38m2
       Empty Weight: 1143kg  Max.Weight: 2200kg
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling: 3200m  Range: 540km
       Load: 4 seats, 750kg.
Alpha Jet, Dassault-Breguet/Dornier
       French/German jet trainer and strike aircraft. That is, the
       French version is a trainer, and the German one is primarly
       a strike aircraft, replacing the Fiat {G.91}. The Alpha Jet
       is a twin-engined aircraft with a high-set, moderately swept
       wing. 
       Type: Alpha Jet A
       Function: trainer / strike
       Year: 1977  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1350kg SNECMA/Turbomeca Lazrac O4-C5
       Wing Span: 9.11m  Length: 13.23m  Height: 4.33m  Wing Area: 17.50m2
       Empty Weight: 3515kg  Max.Weight: 8000kg
       Speed: M0.86  Ceiling: 15000m  Range: 2780km
       Armament: 1*g27mm 2500kg
A.M.1 Express-Marin, Mureaux
       The A.M.1 was a shipboard, parasol-wing monoplane fighter. Like
       many shipboard fighters of the time, the A.M.1 had a jettisonable
       undercarriage and flotations bags in the fuselage, for the event of
       ditching. It also featured a small foreplane on the lower front
       fuselage to prevent nosing over. One built.
       Type: A.M.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8F
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.40m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 33.60m2
       Empty Weight: 900kg  Max.Weight: 1420kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Amiot 110
       Lightweight interceptor, a sesquiplane with very small lower wings,
       which were used as jettisonable fuel tanks. It was an all-metal
       aicraft. Development was halted after the loss of the prototype. One
       built.
       Type: 110
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Mb
       Wing Span: 10.50m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 2.83m  Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1120kg  Max.Weight: 1500kg
       Speed: 296km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 500km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Amiot 122
       A large three-seat biplane, conveived as daylight bomber and
       escort fighter. 80 were built.
       Type: 122 BP3
       Function: escort fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 650hp Lorraine
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.5mm 800kg
Amiot 140 (142, 143, 144, 147)
       The concept of the Amiot 140 was that of the "multiplace de
       combat", an all-round aircraft that would be used as bomber,
       reconnaissance aircraft and escort fighter. It was extremely
       ugly, with a rectangular fuselage and a big, very thick wing.
       When conceived in 1925 it seemed attractive enough, and the
       140 prototype flew in 1931. The 141 introduced gun turrets,
       and the 142 supercharged Hispano-Suiza 12Y engines. The
       production model was the 143, which had supercharged
       Gnome-Rhone 14K radials. But when deliveries of the 143 began
       in 1935, the type was already obsolete. It could not be replaced
       in time, and operations in 1940 were disastrous. It was soon
       used only as transport. The Amiot 144 was a development with a
       rectractable undercarriage and the Amiot 147 had twin tail fins.
       Type: 143M
       Function: bomber / reconaissance
       Year: 1934  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kirs/Kjrs
       Wing Span: 24.53m  Length: 18.24m  Height: 5.68m  Wing Area: 100m2
       Empty Weight: 5562kg  Max.Weight: 10252kg
       Speed: 357km/h  Ceiling: 7900m  Range: 1984km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 900kg
Amiot 150
       Reconaissance and torpedo bomber version of the {Amiot 140}, with
       interchangeable wheeled or float landing gear. One built.
Amiot 340 (341)
       Three-seat initial prototype of the {Amiot 350}.
Amiot 350 (351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357)
       The Amiot 350 was a elegantly streamlined twin-engined bomber,
       very different from the angular, ugly and slow bombers that
       served in the French air force during the '30s. A mid-wing
       aircraft with a fuselage of circular cross-section and twin
       tail fins. The 351 and 354 were ordered in quantity to modernize
       the French air force, but lack of equipment and sabotage reduced
       production before the but the defeat of 1940 to 86 aircraft,
       prototypes not included.
       Type: 354
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 2 * 1060hp Gnome-Rhone 14N
       Speed: 490km/h  Ceiling: 10000m	Range: 2500km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.6mm 1200kg
AN, Morane-Saulnier MoS.31
       Two-seat biplane fighter, powered by a large 16-cylinder Bugatti
       liquid-cooled engine. Results were disappointing, and the AN was
       not ordered. Attempts to reengine the type produced the {ANL},
       {ANR} and {ANS}, which also remained unsuccessful.
       Type: AN
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Bugatti
       Wing Span: 11.73m  Length: 8.34m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 41.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1770kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
ANF-Mureaux ...
       See Mureaux.
ANL, Morane-Saulnier MoS.32
       Development of the {AN} with a 400hp Liberty 12 engine. 1919.
       No production.
ANR, Morane-Saulnier MoS.33
       Development of the {AN} with a 450hp Renault 12Kb engine. 1919.
       No production.
ANS, Morane-Saulnier MoS.34
       Development of the {AN} with a 530hp Salmson 18Z engine. 1919.
       No production.
Apterion, Breguet 1110
       Project for a twin-engined VTOL fighter. 
Aquilon, Sud-Est SE 201 (202, 203, 204)
       French version of the British De Havilland {Sea Venom} twin-boom
       shipboard jet fighter. 96 were built. The first series were
       two-seaters, intended as nightfighters, but the radar equipment
       was not fitted and could not be fited in when it finally was ready.
       Therefore the last 40 were radar-equipped single-seaters, although
       the cockpit contours were not changed.
       Type: Aquilon 203
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1954  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2200kg de Havilland Ghost 48 Mk.1
       Wing Span: 13.07m  Length: 11.17m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 26.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 935km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1560km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
AR, Morane-Saulnier
       Parasol-wing trainer, developed from the {LA}. Over 400 were built.
       Type: AR
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 60kW Le Rhone 9C
       Wing Span: 10.57m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 764kg
       Speed: 125km/h  Ceiling: 4600m  Range: 
AR.1, Dorand
       Biplane reconaissance aircraft, used from 1917 until the end of WWI.
       The wings had backstagger.
       Type: AR.1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 190hp Renault
       Speed: 152km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 3h
       Armament: 2-3*mg 82kg
AR.2, Dorand
       Improved {AR.1} with a 200hp Renault engine.
Ariel, Sud-Ouest SO 1100 (1110, 1120)
       Experimental light helicopter. The Ariel I and II had piston
       engines that delivered compressed air to the rotor tip jets.
       Ariel III used a gas turbine instead, and could carry a passenger. 
       Type: SO 1100 Ariel I
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1949  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 220hp Mathis G8
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
Arsenal-Delanne 10
       This was an innovative two-seat fighter. It was of tandem-wing
       configuration, with a front gull wing on top of the mid-fuselage,
       and a low-set wing with wingtip fins and rudders in the tail
       position. It flew after the occupation of France by Germany, and
       was taken to Germany for testing.
       Type: 10
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1941  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs
       Wing Span: 10.11m  Length: 7.33m  Height: 3.06m  Wing Area: 22.5m2
       Empty Weight: 2880kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 550km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1.5hrs
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm
Atar Volant, SNECMA
       VTOL testbed. An Atar jet engine was balanced on its exhaust. This
       led to the development of the Coleoptere.
Atlantic, Dassault-Breguet (Atlantique)
       Twin-turboprop ASW aircraft, developed to NATO requirements. Most
       long-range ASW aircraft are adaptions from transport aircraft, but
       the Atlantic (or Atlantique) was designed from the outset as such.
       Usde by the French, German, Dutch and Italian forces. Deliveries
       began in 1965; in 1982 the 'second generation' Atlantic 2 began
       to replace it.
       Type: Altlantique ATL.2
       Function: maritime patrol / ASW
       Year: 1982  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 4640kW R.R. Tyne RTy.20 Mk 21
       Wing Span: 37.42m  Length: 33.63m  Height: 10.89m  Wing Area: 120.30m2
       Empty Weight: 25600kg  Max.Weight: 46200kg
       Speed: 648km/h  Ceiling: 9145m  Range: 18h
       Armament: 
Avimeta 88
       Two-seat fighter-reconaissance aircraft, an all-metal high-wing
       aircraft with corrugated skinning. The official requirement for
       such aircraft was abandoned. One built.
       Type: 88
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 17.00m  Length: 9.76m  Height:   Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1550kg  Max.Weight: 2400kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 7500m  Range:
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
--B---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B, Gourdou-Leseurre
       See {GL-2} (Type B), {GL-21} (Type B2), {GL-22} (Type B3)
       or {GL-23} (Type B4). 
B-26 Invader, Douglas
       US-built fast twin-engined light bomber. It was used by French
       forces in Indochina.
BAJ IV
       Two-seat biplane fighter. It was too late for WWI, and only two
       were built.
       Type: IV
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
Balzac, Dassault
       Experimental VTOL aircraft. The Balzac was a VTOL development
       of the {Mirage III}, with a larger, wider fuselage containing
       eight Rolls-Royce lift engines. It was a technology demonstrator
       for the Mirage IIIV.
       Type: Balzac V
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1962  Crew:   Engines: 8 *  9.83kN Rolls-Royce RB.108
                                    1 * 21.57kN Bristol Orpheus BOr 3
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: M0.9  Ceiling:   Range:
Baroudeur, Sud-Est SE 5000 (5003)
       The Baroudeur was a light, simple jet fighter without undercarriage.
       Take-off was by a rocket-powered trolley, and it landed on skis on a
       grass strip. The advantages were simplicity and independence from
       airfields. The disadvantages of such an arrangment were difficult
       handling of landed aircraft. Five built.
       Type: SE 5003 Baroudeur
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1955  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3700kg SNECMA Atar 101E-4
       Wing Span: 10.00m  Length: 13.66m  Height: 3.25m  Wing Area: 25.30m2
       Empty Weight: 4520kg  Max.Weight: 7150kg
       Speed: 1033km/h	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*g30mm 908kg
Barougan, Dassault
       Version of the {Ouragan} for grass airfields. No production.
Barracuda, Fairey
       The British {Barracuda} was a carrier-borne attack aircraft,
       but the French used it for some time for "special operations",
       as a more modern equivalent to the Westland {Lysander}. Service
       life was short, because of the types insufficient range and
       serviceability problems. Ten Mk.IIs were bought. 
BB, Morane-Saulnier
       A small two-seat biplane. The BB had a very closely cowled rotary
       engine. Few were built, for British use only.
       Type: BB
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 8.65m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 750kg
       Speed: 146km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
Bernard 10
       All-metal, cantilever monoplane fighter. The Bernard 10 was a low-
       wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. The latter was an inverted
       T-constrution, with a vertical pylon containing the radiator and
       an aerofoil-section axis. Handling and performance did not warrant
       continuation of the development. One built.
       Type: Bernard 10
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 19.20m2
       Empty Weight: 950kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 248km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
Bernard 12
       This was a monoplane very fighter, very similar to the Bernard 10,
       but with a more conventional undercarriage and a radial engine.
       The French air force preferred at that time biplanes or
       sesquiplanes. One built.
       Type: 12
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9Ab
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.20m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 910kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 265km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Bernard 14
       This fighter was developed in parallel with the {Bernard 12}.
       It was a wooden sesquiplane fighter. Development was abandoned
       after the prototype crashed because to a failure of the upper
       wing structure. One built.
       Type: 14
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 7.40m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 27.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1250kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 265km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Bernard 15
       This sequiplane fighter differed from the {Bernard 14} mainly in
       having smaller wings. Only one was built.
       Type: 15
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 11.40m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Bernard 20
       The Bernard 20 was a sleek low-wing monoplane fighter. It had a
       cantilever wing, but an open cockpit and fixed landing gear. It was
       built of wood, and developed from a series of racing aircraft. The
       French airforce dropped its requirement for a light fighter. 
       One built.
       Type: Bernard 20
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 298kW Hispano-Suiza 12Jb
       Wing Span: 10.80m  Length: 7.45m  Height: 2.50m	Wing Area: 16.70m2
       Empty Weight: 1023kg  Max Weight: 1370kg
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Bernard 74 (75)
       The 74 was a lightweight fighter derived from the Bernard 72 and 73
       racing monoplanes. It was of wooden construction. Two built. The
       model 75 was the proposed production version.
       Type: 74
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 280hp Gnome-Rhone 7Kbs
       Wing Span: 9.20m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 13.45m2
       Empty Weight: 825kg  Max.Weight: 1106kg
       Speed: 310km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Bernard 260
       This was another ligtweight monoplane fighter produced by Bernard.
       The 260 was of all-metal construction, with an open cockpit and
       fixed landing gear. The Dewoitine {D.500} was preferred. One built.
       Type: 260
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 7.80m  Height:   Wing Area: 18.2m2
       Empty Weight: 1357kg  Max.Weight: 1800kg
       Speed: 360km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
BH, Morane-Saulnier
       Development of the BB with in-line Hispano-Suiza engine.
       No production.
Bizerte, Breguet Br 521 (522)
       Larger development of the British Short {Calcutta}. A big
       three-engined biplane flying boat. After the armistice a
       number were used by the Luftwaffe for SAR flights. 34 built.
       Type: Br 521
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1935  Crew: 8  Engines: 3 * 671kW Gnome-Rhone 14 Kirs 1
       Wing Span: 35.15m  Length: 20.50m  Height: 7.45m  Wing Area: 162.6m2
       Empty Weight: 9470kg  Max.Weight:  16600kg
       Speed: 243km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 3000km
       Armament: 5*mg7.5mm 300kg
BLC, Breguet
       Reengined version of the {BUC}. A pusher biplane with unspectacular
       performance. About 40 built, of which 17 for the British RNAS. 
       Type: BLC
       Function: fighter 
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 220hp Renault 12Fb
       Wing Span: 16.40m  Length: 9.50m  Height: 3.70m  Wing Area: 54.0m2
       Empty Weight: 1160kg  Max.Weight: 1535kg
       Speed: 138km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 1*g37mm
Bleriot XI
       The Bleriot XI monoplane, developed from the famous IX in which
       Louis Bleriot flew over the Channel, was one of the numerous
       reconaissance aircraft of the beginning of WWI. 132 built.
       Type: XI-2
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Gnome 7B
       Wing Span: 10.25m  Length: 8.45m  Height: 2.5m  Wing Area: 23m2
       Empty Weight: 349kg  Max.Weight: 625kg
       Speed: 106km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3h 30m
       Armament:
Bleriot XI BG
       This was a parasol monoplane version of the {Bleriot XI}, intended
       as a two-seat recce aircraft. A few entered service.
Bleriot 107
       Bomber, designed to replace the Caudron {R.XI}. 1922.
Bleriot 117
       Development of the {Bleriot 107}. Two 298kW Lorraine 12Db
       engines. 1924.
Bleriot 127
       The production development of the {Bleriot 107} and {Bleriot 117}
       series. The 127 was an angular, ugly low-wing monoplane. The
       engine nacelles were made deep and long, so that gunners could
       sit in the extensions behind the wing trailing edge. The 127
       was considered a multi-role aircraft, suitable for bombardment,
       reconnaissance and fighter escort duties. Despite its modern
       looks it was ineffective, but the few tens that were built served
       until 1934.
       Type: 127/2
       Function: multi-role
       Year: 1928  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 410kW Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 23.2m  Length: 14.68m  Height: 3.41m	Wing Area: 88m2
       Empty Weight: 3750kg  Max.Weight: 4966kg
       Speed: 199km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 6850m
       Armament: 6*mg7.7mm 250kg
Bloch 80 (81)
       21 built.
       Type: 81
       Function: ambulance / transport
       Year:   Crew: 1	Engines: 1 * 175hp Salmson 9Nd
       Speed: 188km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 655km
       Load: 1 seat / litter
Bloch 130
       Another 'multiplace de combat'. Orders for the 130 were cancelled
       in favour of the modified {Bloch 131}.
Bloch 131
       Very disappointing twin-engined bomber. The 131, a development
       of the {Bloch 130}, was a sleek low-wing monoplane, similar to
       the Martin {Maryland}, but it was already obsolete when it
       entered service. During WWII it was quickly switched to night
       operations only. 143 built.
       Type: Bloch 131
       Function: reconaissance-bomber
       Year: 1938  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14N
       Wing Span: 20.3m  Length: 17.85m  Height: 4.1m  Wing Area: 54m2
       Empty Weight: 4690kg  Max.Weight: 8600kg
       Speed: 349km/h  Ceiling: 7250m  Range: 1300km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 800kg
Bloch 134
       Twin-engined light bomber, development of the {Bloch 131}.
       The Bloch 134 had better performance than even the {LeO 451},
       but the armistice ended development. One built.
       Type: 134
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14N (?)
       Speed: 570km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Bloch 135
       Four-engined bomber. No production.
       Type: 135
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone 14M
       Speed:  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Bleriot 137
       Design for a 'multiplace de combat' for bombing, reconaissance
       and escort tasks. The {Amiot 140} design was selected for
       production. 
Bloch 150 (151, 152, 155, 157)
       See {MB.150}.
Bloch 160 (161, 162)
       Four-engined mailplane, later converted to bomber. Only one was
       built, that was used by the Luftwaffe with I/KG 200. The post-war
       development was the SE.161 {Languedoc} transport aircraft.
       Type: 162
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 1100hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 48/49
       Wing Span: 28.10m  Length: 21.90m  Height: 3.75m  Wing Area: 109m2
       Empty Weight: 11865kg  Max.Weight: 19000kg
       Speed: 550km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 2*g20mm 3600kg
Bloch 170 (172, 174, 175, 176, 177)
       Light bomber and reconaissance aircraft, a low-wing monoplane
       with twin tail fins. A good, modern aircraft, but again too
       late for the war: The first production aircraft were delivered
       in March 1940. The Luftwaffe used about 50 as trainers.
       Production was resumed after WWII. 59 built.
       Type: 174
       Function: reconaissance / bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14 48/49
       Wing Span: 17.90m  Length: 12.25m  Height: 3.55m  Wing Area: 38.00m2
       Empty Weight: 5600kg  Max.Weight: 7160kg
       Speed: 530km/h  Ceiling: 11000m	Range: 1650km
       Armament: 7*mg7.5mm 400kg
Bloch 200
       Medium bomber. The 200 was an angular high-wing monoplane
       with corrugated skinning, and obsolete in 1940. 333 were built,
       including 124 license-built in Czechoslovakia --- these served
       in Bulgaria, Germany and Rumania after the division of
       Czechoslovakia.
       Type: 200
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1933  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kirs/Kjrs
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1000km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 1500kg
Bloch 210 (211)
       After WWII, Maurice Bloch would change his name to Dassault and
       build some of the most elegant combat aircraft ever flown. In
       the thirties, he followed the trend in designing the ugly, angular
       Bloch 210 monoplane bomber, although this was relative modern in
       concept: A low-wing monoplane with rectractable landing gear. The
       Bloch 210 was obsolete in 1940 but despite efforts to replace
       it was still in large-scale service. 283 built.
       Type: Bloch 210 BN5
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1934  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 910hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 10/11
       Speed: 322km/h  Ceiling: 9900m  Range: 1700km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 1600kg
Bloch 220 (221)
       Airliner. 17 built, at least one pressed into military service.
       Type: 220
       Function: transport
       Year: 1937  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 985hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 16/17
       Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 1400km
       Load: 16 seats
Bloch 700 (720)
       Lightweight monoplane fighter of wooden construction, a
       design competing with the {C.710}. It was a neat little
       aircraft, but had many faults. Not the least of them
       was that it was unable to exceed 380km/h during tests! 
       The prototype was destroyed in the fighting of 1940. The
       Bloch 720 was a study for a navalised derivative, and
       was not built. 
       Type: 700
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone 14M6
       Wing Span: 8.90m  Length: 7.34m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 12.40m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 550km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2hrs
       Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
B.N.4, Farman
       Large, unsuccessful and ugly biplane bomber. 1921.
Borel-Boccaccio 3000
       Two-seat biplane fighter, a good aircraft that arrived too late for
       WWI. One built.
       Type: 3000
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.40m  Length: 7.15m  Height:   Wing Area: 32.5m2
       Empty Weight: 807kg  Max.Weight: 1340kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
Br IV, Breguet
       See {BrM.4}.
Br XIV, Breguet
       Over 8000 were built of this biplane bomber and reconaissance
       aircraft, and production continued until 1926. It was a sturdy
       aircraft, that also pioneered the use of aluminium alloys. Later
       it also pioneered airline services.
       Type: Br XIV A.2
       Function: reconaissance aircraft
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 224kW Renault 12Fe
       Wing Span: 14.86m  Length: 8.87m  Height: 3.30m	Wing Area: 49.2m2
       Empty Weight: 1030kg  Max.Weight: 1565kg
       Speed: 184km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 3h
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 40kg
Br XVI, Breguet
       Development of the XIV with longer wings and increased bomb load.
Br XVII, Breguet
       A smaller and more powerful development of the {Br XIV},
       intended as two-seat fighter. Not very successful.
       Type: Br XVII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 336kW Renault 12KI
       Wing Span: 14.28m  Length: 8.10m  Height: 3.42m	Wing Area: 43.30m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1840kg
       Speed: 218kmh  Ceiling: 7500m  Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm
Br XIX, Breguet
       Biplane reconaissance aircraft and bomber, of which more than 3280
       were built between 1922 and 1934. Constructed of duralumium with a
       cloth covering. The Br XIX also made the first east-to-west crossing
       of the North Atlantic. Some exported Br XIXs were still in service
       during WWII.
       Type: Br XIX B.2
       Function: bomber / reconaissance
       Year: 1922  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling: 6700m  Range: 800km
       Armament: 2-3*mg7.5mm 440kg
Br 27, Breguet
       Prototype for the {Br 270} series.
Br 41, Breguet
       Biplane version of the {Br 270} series. Production orders were
       cancelled.
Br 121, Breguet
       Design for a strike aircraft. Never built, but provided the basis
       for the Sepecat {Jaguar}.
Br 191, Breguet (192, 197, 199)
       Development of the Breguet {Br XIX}.
Br 270, Breguet (271, 272, 273, 274)
       Observation and bomber sesquiplane. The tail was carried on a
       slender boom attached to the lower aft fuselage, to give the
       aft gunner a better field of fire. The Br 270 was built of
       steel and very sturdy, but performance was mediocre. Despite
       apparent obsolescence, it was still in service at the beginning
       of WWII, but soon retired. Over 150 built.
       Type: Br 270
       Function: observation
       Year: 1930  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 373kW Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 17.01m  Length: 9.76m  Height: 3.55m	Wing Area: 49.67m2
       Empty Weight: 1756kg  Max.Weight: 2393kg
       Speed: 236km/h  Ceiling: 7900m  Range: 1000km
       Armament: 120kg 3*mg7.7mm
Br 330, Breguet
       This was a {Br 270} re-engined with a 650hp Hispano-Suiza 14 Krsd.
       One built.
Br 410, Breguet
       Design for a 'multiplace de combat' for bombing, reconaissance
       and escort tasks. The {Amiot 140} design was selected.
Br 460, Breguet
       Bomber design.
Br 462 Vultur, Breguet
       See {Vultur}.
Br 482, Breguet (480, 481, 483)
       Four-engined bomber, designed to replace the Farman 223. The
       original Br 480 design was twin-engined, but because the powerful
       radial engines needed for it were unavailable, it was converted
       to four engines. The Br 482, with 12Y engines, was ready in 1940;
       it was a clean mid-wing aircraft that looked very promising. But
       the war and defeat interrupted development, and the Br.482 finally
       made it first flight in 1942.
       Type: Br 482
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 1100hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y50/51
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 12558kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 524km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Br 521 Bizerte, Breguet (522)
       See {Bizerte}.
Br 690, Breguet (691, 692, 693, 294, 695, 696, 297, 698, 696, 700)
       Twin-engined multi-role aircraft. The Br 690 was a well-streamlined,
       all-metal aircraft with twin tail fins. It was developed in bomber,
       attack, reconaissance and fighter versions, and promised much, but
       it was too late for the war in 1940, partly because of insufficient
       deliveries of engines and instrumentation. Models 694 and 696
       to 700 remained prototypes or projects. 386 were built.
       Type: Br 691AB-2
       Function: attack
       Year: 1939  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 700hp Hispano-Suiza A4Ab
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:	Wing Area:
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight:
       Speed: 479km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 1350km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg 400kg
Br 700, Breguet
       Two-seat fighter derivative of the {Br 690}. Mock-up only.
Br 761 Provence, Breguet (763)
       See {Provence}.
Br 765 Sahara, Breguet
       See {Sahara}.
Br 790, Breguet (792)
       Project for a single-engined (790) or twin-engined (792)
       shipboard seaplane. Neither was built. 
Br 941 Integral, Breguet
       See {Integral}.
Br 960 Vultur, Breguet
       See {Vultur}.
Br 1050 Alize, Breguet
       See {Alize}.
Br 1150 Atlantic, Breguet
       See {Atlantic}.
Bre.5, Breguet
       Fighter development of the {BrM.4}, a pusher biplane. Later
       also used as night bomber.
       Type: Bre.5 Ca.2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 164kW Renault 12b
       Wing Span: 17.15m  Length: 9.90m  Height: 3.90m	Wing Area: 57.7m2
       Empty Weight: 1350kg  Max.Weight: 2150kg
       Speed: 133km/h  Ceiling: 3700m  Range: 6h 15min
       Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm
Bre.6, Breguet
       {Bre.5} reengined with a 168kW Salmson A9 engine.
Bre.12, Breguet
       Nighfighter development of the {Bre.5}.
Breguet 1914
       Reconaissance biplane. Served briefly during the first months
       of WWI.
       Type: 1914
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 130hp Canton-Unne
       Speed: 109km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
Bretagne, Sud-Ouest SO 30
       All-metal twin-engined transport aircraft. 45 were built,
       inocluding a few for the air force and navy. Some had Pallas
       auxiliary jet engines.
       Type: SO 30P-1
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1342kW P&W R-2800-B43
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Broussard, Max Holste MH-1521
       Light STOL transport, with a high set wing, fixed landing gear, and
       twin tail fins. 
       Type: Broussard
       Function: liaison / transport
       Year: 1954  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 336kW P&W R-985-AN-1
       Wing Span: 13.75m  Length: 8.65m  Height: 3.65m  Wing Area: 25.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1530kg  Max.Weight: 2500kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 
       Load: 5 seats
BrM.2, Breguet-Michelin
BrM.3, Breguet-Michelin
BrM.4, Breguet-Michelin
       Biplane bomber, a pusher aircraft.
BrM.5, Breguet-Michelin
       Originally a fighter version of the {BrM.4}. Too slow and
       vulnerable for daylight operations, and thus used as night
       bomber. Some carried 37mm cannon. See also {Bre.5}.
       Type: BrM.5
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 *
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Brunet 3
       See {Mureaux 3}.
Brunet 4
       See {Mureaux 4}.
BUC, Breguet
       Pusher biplane, powered by a 200hp Canton-Unne radial engine. See
       also {BLC}.
Bugatti 110P
       This fighter design was derived from the 100P racer, which was
       built but never flown. The 100P itself was a sleek, very unusual
       aircraft, with two engines in tandem behind the cockpit, driving
       contra-rotating two-bladed propellers. The 110P was never built.
Buscaylet-Bechereau 2
       Single-seat fighter, a parasol monoplane. The aircraft had a sleek
       fuselage, and a well streamlined engine installation; but the wing
       and landing gear were braced with heavy struts. Performance was
       disappointing, and only one was built.
       Type: 2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Cm
       Wing Span: 14.00m  Length: 10.00m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 39.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1350kg  Max.Weight: 1758kg
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Buscaylet-De Monge 5/2
       Single-seat, parasol monoplane fighter, of metal construction except
       for the wooden wing skinning. The 5/2 was too modern for the taste
       of the French air force, and only one was built.
       Type: 5/2
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 10.90m  Length: 7.15m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 24.0m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1350kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
--C---------------------------------------------------------------------------
C, Spad
       Three-seat fighter biplane. One gunner was seated behind the
       pilot, the other in a small nacelle fitted in front of the
       propeller, as the {SA.1}. It is not clear whether it was ever
       built or flown.
C1, De Bruyere
       The highly unusual C1 was a single-seat biplane fighter of canard
       configuration. The engine was installed in the center fuselage and
       drove a pusher propeller at the extreme end of the tail, aft of the
       tail surfaces. The fuselage was of metal shell construction, and
       had a certain whale-like gracefulness, but with an unusual nose-down
       attitude. It crashed on its first flight.
       Type: C1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza 8Aa
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
C1, R.E.P.
       Biplane fighter. The R.E.P. C1 had a typical fuselage, with a
       straight upper side in line with the upper wing trailing edge,
       and a stepped underside. Because of the position of the tail
       skid, this resulted in a very large angle on incidence on the
       ground. Prototype only.
       Type: C1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 250hp Salmson CU9Za
       Wing Span: 8.38m  Length: 6.35m  Height: 2.53m  Wing Area: 20.47m2
       Empty Weight: 658kg  Max.Weight: 968kg
       Speed: 217km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
C2F, Villiers
       Fighter. The C2F had wheeled landing gear, but a watertight
       float-bottomed fuselage and wingtip floats; it could drop the
       wheels to land on water.
C.13, CAMS
       Licence-built version of the Italian SIAI {S.13} flying boat.
C 30, Liore et Olivier
       This was a license-built version of the Cierva {C.30}.
C.59, Caudron
       Single-engined biplane, a trainer. The C.59 was built of wood, but
       advanced in layout; over 1800 were built, and many were exported.
       Type: C.59
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1922  Crew: 2  Engines: 134kW Hispano-Suiza 8A
       Wing Span: 10.24m  Length: 7.80m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 26m2
       Empty Weight: 700kg  Max.Weight: 988kg
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3h 30min
       Armament: 
C.160, Transall
       Medium transport, a French/German cooperation project. Germany
       bought 110. The Transall is smaller and shorter-ranged than the
       {C-130} Hercules, and has only two engines, but is very similar
       in other respects. Some are configured as airborne command posts,
       known as 'Astarte'.
       Type: C.160
       Function: transport
       Year: 1968  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 4500kW R.R. Tyne RTy20 Mk 22
       Speed: 536km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 4560km
       Load: 16000kg, 63 seats
C.270 Luciole, Caudron (272)
       See {Luciole}.
C.400, Caudron
       Military version of the Caudron C.282, ordered as liaison and
       trainer. Used in small numbers during WWII.  40 built.
       Type: C.400
       Function: liaison / trainer
       Year:   Crew: 1	Engines: 1 * 120hp Renault 4 Pdi
       Speed: 186km/h  Ceiling: 4250m  Range: 825km
       Load: 3 seats
C.440 Goeland, Caudron (441, 444, 445, 447, 448, 449)
       See {Goeland}.
C.510 Pelican, Caudron
       See {Pelican}.
C.600 Aiglon, Caudron (601)
       See {Aiglon}.
C.630 Simoun, Caudron (630, 631, 633, 634, 635)
       See {Simoun}.
C.690, Caudron
       Monoplane trainer, an elegant aircraft that had much in common
       with the {C.710} fighter. The C.690 was well streamlined, but had
       fixed landing gear. 
C.710 Cyclone, Caudron (710, 712, 713, 714)
       Light fighter, developed from the pre-war C.710 racing aircraft.
       The Armee de l'Air ordered 100 C.714s. Fifty were sent to Finland,
       but only six entered Finnish service; about 40 were delivered to
       the French AF, and were flown in combat by Polish pilots. The rest
       of the order was cancelled, because the climb speed of the C.714
       was considered insufficient. 98 built.
       Type: C.714
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Renault 12 Ro
       Wing Span: 8.97m  Length: 8.53m  Height: 2.87m  Wing Area: 12.5m2
       Empty Weight: 1400kg  Max.Weight: 1750kg
       Speed: 487km/h  Ceiling: 9100m  Range: 900km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
C.720, Caudron
       Trainer version of the {C.710}, powered by a 164kW Renault
       Bengali 6Q or 75kW Renault Bengali 4Pei.
C.760, Caudron
       See {CR.760}. 
C.770, Caudron
       See {CR.770}. 
C.A.M.S. 31
       Fighter flying boat, a small single-seat biplane with a pusher
       engine. Two were built.
       Type: 31
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.20m  Length: 8.80m  Height: 3.06m  Wing Area: 33.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1045kg  Max.Weight: 1506kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 400km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
C.A.M.S. 37
       Shipboard observaition flying boat. Some were still in service
       in 1940.
       Type: 37.2
       Function: observation
       Year: 1926  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine 12 Ed
       Speed: 175km/h  Ceiling: 3400m  Range: 800km
       Armament: 2* mg7.7mm 300kg
C.A.M.S. 51
       Biplane flying boat, intended as bomber and reconaissance aircraft.
       1927.
C.A.M.S. 54
       Long-range, biplane flying boat fighter. An attempt to cross the
       Atlantic in 1928 failed.
C.A.M.S. 55
       Developed from the {C.A.M.S. 51} and {C.A.M.S. 54}. Flying boat
       biplane, a sizeable aircraft with two engines in tandem between
       the wings; some were still in service in 1940, but only for
       training and transport. 112 built.
       Type: 55.10
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1934  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 530hp Gnome-Rhone 9 Kbr
       Wing Span: 20.40m  Length: 15.03m  Height: 5.41m  Wing Area: 113.45m2
       Empty Weight: 4950kg  Max.Weight: 6900kg
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling: 3400m  Range: 1875km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 2*b75kg
C.A.O. 200
       Single-seat monoplane fighter. This all-metal fighter was bit
       underpowered with the 860hp engine. Development was abandoned
       when the competing Dewoitine {D.520} was selected for production.
       One built.
       Type: 200
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza HS12Y-31
       Wing Span: 9.50m  Length: 8.90m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 13.30m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 550km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2hrs
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm
C.A.O. 700
       Four-engined bomber. Was never flown; testing was abandoned after
       the armistice. The C.A.O.700 had upper and ventral gun positions,
       and twin tailfins.
       Type: 700
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 5  Engines: 4 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14N-14
       Wing Span: 81ft 7in  Length: 61ft 6in  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 39860lb
       Speed: 540km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*7.5mm 1*20mm
Caudron Type O
       Single-seat fighter biplane. The Caudron Type O was designed as
       a high-altitude fighter. Only one was built.
       Type: Type O
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 170hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 17.00m2
       Empty Weight: 400kg  Max.Weight: 650kg
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Cavalier, Dassault
       Series of projects for a VTOL fighter, in the early 1960s.
       The MD.610 was designed around the Bristol Pegasus and
       looked like a {Harrier}. Later designs had separate lift
       engines. 
CM.10, Fouga
       Large shoulder-wing transport glider. The CM.10 was of mixed
       construction, with fixed tricycle landing gear, and a hinged nose
       for easy unloading. Prototype only. 
CM.100, Fouga (101)
       Powered development of the {CM.10}. Prototype only.
       Type: CM.100
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 433kW Renault 12S
       Wing Span: 26.70m  Length: 17.90m  Height:   Wing Area: 71.90m2
       Empty Weight: 4540kg  Max.Weight: 7300kg
       Speed: 245km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 500km
       Armament: 
CN 235, Airtech
       Tactical transport. Eight delivered in 1992.
Coleoptere, SNECMA C.450
       The Coleoptere was an experimental tail-sitting VTOL aicraft with an
       annular wing. The project was abandoned after the aircraft was lost.
       Type: C.450 Coleoptere
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1959  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3700kg SNECMA Atar 101E.V
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Corse II, Sud-Ouest SO.90 (92, 93, 95)
       Small twin-engined transport aircraft. Air France rejected the
       Corse, and the production aircraft were used by the Aeronavale
       instead. 60 built.
       Type: SO 95
       Function: transport
       Year: 1947  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 440kW Renault 12S-02-201
       Wing Span: 17.90m  Length: 12.35m  Height: 4.30m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 4024kg  Max.Weight: 5605kg
       Speed: 350km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1300km
       Load: 10 - 13 seats
Cougar, Aerospatiale  AS 332
       See {Super Puma}. Aerospatiale uses this name for all military
       versions of the Super Puma, since 1989.
CR.760, Caudron-Renault       
       Re-engined development of the Caudron {C.710} light fighter
       series. Originally the CR.760 was to have a Renault engine,
       but this was delayed and the CR.760 was powered by an Italian
       Isotta-Fraschini engine, an air-cooled V-12. The Renault-powered
       aircraft appeared later as the {CR.770}. The prototype was
       destroyed in June 1940, not to let it fall in German hands. 
       Type: CR.760
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 730hp Isotta-Fraschini Delta RC.40
       Wing Span: 8.97m  Length: 8.89m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 12.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1548km  Max.Weight: 2000kg
       Speed: 555km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1200km
       Armament: 6*mg7.5mm
CR.770, Caudron-Renault
       Version of the {CR.760}, powered by the originally intended engine,
       a 16-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted-vee Renault engine. It flew 
       only once before the French defeat halted development.
       Type: CR.770
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 800hp Renault 626
       Wing Span: 8.97m  Length: 8.89m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 12.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1740kg  Max.Weight: 2000kg
       Speed: 590km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1500km
       Armament: 6*mg7.5mm
CR.780, Caudron-Renault
       Development of the {CR.770}, powered by a 500hp Renault engine.
       Never built.
Criquet, Morane-Saulnier MS.500 (501, 502)
       French production version of the Fieseler {Fi 156} Storch. The
       MS.500 had the original Argus AS 410 engine, the MS.501 had
       a Renault engine  and the MS.502 had a Salmson radial engine.
C.S.L.1, Courtois-Suffit-Lescop
       Single-seat biplane fighter. An innovative feature of the C.S.L.1
       was the provision of leading-edge slats on the lower wing. Only one
       was built.
       Type: C.S.L.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 140hp Clerget 9Bf
Cyclone, Caudron C.710 (713,714)
       See {C.710}.
--D---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D.1, Dewoitine
       Parasol wing fighter, of all-metal construction with fabric-covered
       wings. The original design was a shoulder-wing monoplane, but the
       wing was raised to improve pilot vision. 29 built for France,
       besides export orders for 83 and license-building of 112 by Ansaldo. 
       Type: D.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 224kW Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.50m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 20m2
       Empty Weight: 820kg  Max.Weight: 1240kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 400km
       Armament:2*mg7.7mm
D.8, Dewoitine
       This was a high-altitude version of the {D.1}. The D.8 had a larger
       wing, of wooden construction, and a high-compression engine. The
       requirement for a high-altitude fighter was abandoned. One built.
       The aircraft was later modified, with yet another wing, and used to
       set a number of speed records. 
       Type: D.8
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 360hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fe
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 780kg  Max.Weight: 1100kg
       Speed: 245km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
D.9, Dewoitine
       Version of the {D.1}, powered by the nine-cylinder Jupiter radial
       engine instead of the liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza. The wing was also
       enlarged. 11 were built in France, but it was license-built in Italy
       as the Ansaldo {A.C.3}.
       Type: D.9
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ab
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.30m  Height: 2.93m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 945kg  Max.Weight: 1333kg
       Speed: 244km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 400km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*7.5mm
D.12, Dewoitine
       The D.12 was developed in parallel with the {D.9}, differing
       essentially in having a liquid-cooled, 12-cylinder W-type,
       engine. Two built.
       Type: D.12
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12EW
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.60m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1070kg  Max.Weight: 1636kg
       Speed: 239km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*mg7.5mm
D.15, Dewoitine
       Single-seat fighter. the D.15 was a biplane, in contrast to the
       other Dewoitine fighters, which were parasol monoplanes. The D.15
       had a simpler and lighter construction. Construction was all-metal
       with fabric wing covering. However, performance was inferior to that
       of the {D.19} monoplane. One built. 
       Type: D.15
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ha
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.40m  Height: 3.54m  Wing Area: 30.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1040kg  Max.Weight: 1535kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*mg7.5mm
D.19, Dewoitine
       Development of the {D.1}, powered by a 450hp Hispano-Suiza engine,
       and with new long-span wings. Five were built: two prototypes,
       and three for Switzerland. The Swiss aircraft served as trainers
       until 1940. 
       Type: D.19
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb
       Wing Span: 10.80m  Length: 7.87m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 980kg  Max.Weight: 1390kg
       Speed: 268km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 400km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
D.21, Dewoitine
       The D.21 was essentially a reengined D.12. Twelve were built for
       Turkey, three for Czechoslovakia, and 18 for Argentina. 26 more were
       built in Czechoslovakia, and 40 more in Argentina. But the latter
       actually had the Lorraine-Dietrich engine of the {D.12}, although
       they were officially called D.21.
       Type: D.21
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Gb
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.64m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 24.80m2
       Empty Weight: 1090kg  Max.Weight: 1580kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 2*mg7.5mm
D.25, Dewoitine
       This was the final development of the {D.1}. The D.25 was a two-
       seater, intended as day and nightfighter. Only four were ordered, 
       by Argentina. Five built.
       Type: D.25
       Function: fighter / reconiassance 
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.64m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 24.80m2
       Empty Weight: 1182kg  Max.Weight: 1750kg
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: 2*7.9mm
D.26, Dewoitine
       Single-seat, advanced trainer version of the {D.27}. One was used
       until 1970! 
       Type: D.26
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 186kW Wright 9Qa
       Wing Span: 10.30m  Length: 6.72m  Height: 2.78m  Wing Area: 17.55m2
       Empty Weight: 763kg  Max.Weight: 1068kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 500km
       Armament: 1-2*mg7.5mm
D.27, Dewoitine (271, 272, 273, 274)
       Parasol-wing fighter, aerodymically much more refined than earlier
       Dewoitine fighters. Because of the liquidation of Dewoitine, it was
       built by EKW in Switzerland. Later Dewoitine was recreated, and in
       France the D.271 -- D.274 versions were developed. The main user of
       the type was Switzerland, that used 66, keeping some of them in
       service until 1944. Total production was about 80. 
       Type: D.27 C.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12 Mc
       Wing Span: 10.30m  Length: 6.56m  Height: 2.78m  Wing Area: 17.55m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 312km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
D.33, Dewoitine
       Monoplane fighter.
D.37, Dewoitine (370, 371, 372, 373, 376)
       Single-seat, parasol-wing fighter, powered by the Gnome-Rhone 14K
       Mistral radial engine. 28 were used by the French air force,
       14 D.372s were delivered to Spain (having been ordered originally
       by Lithuania) and 44 navalized D.373s and D.376s were built for the
       Aeronavale. The D.376 had folding wings, the D.373 not. All versions
       suffered constantly from engine problems, and their service career
       was brief. 
       Type: D.371
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 930hp Gnome-Rhone 14 Kfs
       Wing Span: 11.80m  Length: 7.44m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 17.8m2
       Empty Weight: 1295kg  Max.Weight: 1860kg
       Speed: 405km/h  Ceiling: 11000m  Range: 900km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 2*mg7.7mm
D.53, Dewoitine (530, 531, 532, 534, 536)
       The D.53 was a reinforced shipboard fighter development of the
       {D.27}. Seven were built. Most were used for engine development.
       Two were allegedly used by Republican Spain during the civil war.
       Type: D.53
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Mb
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 269km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
D.338, Dewoitine (339)
       Civil airliner, pressed into military service in 1939.
       Type: D.338
       Function: transport
       Year: 1936  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 575hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vd
       Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 880km
       Load: 24 seats
D.370, Dewoitine (372, 373, 376)
       See {D.37}.
D.500, Dewoitine (501, 502, 503)
       Low-wing monoplane fighter with fixed landing gear, the first
       Dewoitine fighter to abandon the parasol wing layout. It was a
       clean, modern aircraft that equipped most French fighter units
       in 1938; a number were still in front-line service in 1939 but
       were retired before May 1940. The D.501 differed from the D.500
       in having a engine-mounted 20mm cannon, firing through the propeller
       hub. 260 built. The D.503 had a smaller wing, an annular nose 
       radiator and cantilever landing gear, but was not accepted for
       production. 
       Type: D.501
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs
       Wing Span: 12.09m  Length: 7.56m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 16.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1287kg  Max.Weight: 1787kg
       Speed: 335km/h  Ceiling: 10200m	Range: 870km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
D.510, Dewoitine (511)
       The D.510 was a development of the {D.500}, with the heavier
       12Y engine replacing the 12X. The D.510 was used by French
       fighter units until mid-1940, but was not used in combat.
       Small numbers were exported, the largest export order being
       a Chinese one for 24. The D.511, which had a smaller wing,
       was never flown. 121 built.
       Type: D.510
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs
       Wing Span: 12.09m  Length: 7.94m  Height: 2.42m  Wing Area: 16.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1496kg  Max.Weight: 1929kg
       Speed: 402km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 700km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
D.513, Dewoitine (514)
       The D.513 was a low-wing monoplane fighter with retractable landing
       gear and a closed cockpit. It had elliptical wings, and an circular
       nose radiator reminescent of the D.503 version of the {D.500}. After
       initial trials there was a redesign, which introduced a new fuselage
       with a 'beard' radiator arrangment. Performance and handling remained
       poor. Two built.
       Type: D.513 (redesigned)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza HS 12Ycrs1
       Wing Span: 12.06m  Length: 7.45m  Height:   Wing Area: 18.32m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2446kg
       Speed: 445km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
D.520, Dewoitine (521, 522, 523, 524, 525)
       This was the best French fighter of WWII. The D.520 was an
       advanced monoplane, but only 36 were in service in May 1940.
       Performance was below that of the {Spitfire} and {Bf 109}E.
       Handling was not very good, and spinning was prohibited, but
       an experienced pilot could outmanoeuvre the Bf 109. Production
       continued after the armistice, increasing total production to
       about 900. After the German occupation of Vichy-France large
       numbers were captured and used by Germany, Bulgaria and Rumania.
       Some fought during the Allied invasion of French North-Africa,
       in 1942. The D.521 was powered by the Rolls-Royce Merlin, but
       the heavier engine resulted in CG problems. The D.524 with
       a 1200hp 12Z engine never flew. 
       Type: D.520
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 910hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y45
       Wing Span: 10.20m  Length: 8.60m  Height: 2.57m  Wing Area: 15.97m2
       Empty Weight: 2036kg  Max.Weight: 2677kg
       Speed: 527km/h  Ceiling: 11000m	Range: 1250km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm
D.530, Dewoitine
       This was a planned derivative of the {D.520} with a 1400hp Rolls-
       Royce or 1800hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y engine. It was never built.
D.550, Dewoitine (551, 552, 553, 554)
       The D.550 was a racing aircraft version of the {D.520}, with an
       upgraded engine and shorter wings. The D.551 and D.552 were
       military derivatives, powered by the 12Y51 or 12Z engines,
       respectively. Sixteen prototypes were ordered, but because
       of the German occupation, these aircraft were never completed.
       The D.553 and D.554 were projects with supercharged 12Z engines. 
D.560, Dewoitine
       The D.560 was a more conservative fighter design, developed in
       parallel with the {D.500}. The D.560 retained the parasol wing
       configuration, but the wing was gulled. The D.560 had the same
       engine and essentially the same fuselage as the D.500. The gulled
       wing was rejected by service test pilots. It was rebuilt with a
       straight parasol wing, and later redesignated {D.570}. One built.
       Type: D.560
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 660hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 12.47m  Length: 8.48m  Height: 3.42m  Wing Area: 17.30m2
       Empty Weight: 1270kg  Max.Weight: 1698kg
       Speed: 375km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
D.570, Dewoitine
       This was the modified {D.560} prototype, with a straight parasol
       wing instead of the gulled wing of the D.560. The prototype was
       lost in a crash.
       Type: D.570
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 660hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 11.58m  Length: 8.53m  Height: 3.42m  Wing Area: 17.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1284kg  Max.Weight: 1709kg
       Speed: 338km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
D.700, Dewoitine
       The D.700 reconaissance-bomber and trainer was abandoned in favour
       of a more advanced development, the {D.720}.
D.720, Dewoitine
       Reconaissance-bomber and trainer, a development of the {D.700}.
       The D.720 had more powerful engines and retractable landing gear,
       but its performance was still too low to attract orders.
       Type: D.720
       Function: reconaissancd-bomber / trainer
       Year: 1939  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 500hp Renault 12 R
       Speed: 360km/h  Ceiling: 8400m  Range: 1530km
       Armament: 3*mg 200kg
D.790, Dewoitine
       Projected shipborne version of the {D.520}, powered by a 920hp
       Hispano-Suiza 12Y29 engine. Never built. 
Dauphin, Aerospatiale SA 360 (365)
       Medium-size transport helicopter with 'fenestron' tail rotor.
       The first Dauphin was the single-engined SA 360, with a tailwheel
       undercarriage. Only 34 were built of this version. The SA 365 was
       a twin-engined version, which also was built in small numbers,
       79 being completed. After a total redesign, the Dauphin became
       the SA 365N, with a retractabe nosewheel undercarriage, a
       recontoured forward fuselage, more fuel, and a lighter airframe.
       The SA 365N was also built for the US Coast Guard as the H{H-65}
       Dolphin, but with American equipment and engines -- the latter
       change was to be regretted by the USMC.
       Type: SA 365N2
       Function: transport
       Year: 1979  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 740hp Turbomeca Arriel 1C2
       Rotor Span: 11.94m  Length: 13.86m  Height: 3.98m  Disc Area: 111.97m2
       Empty Weight: 2240kg  Max Weight: 4250kg
       Speed: 285km/h  Ceiling: 4300m  Range: 900km
       Load:
DD.8, Donnet-Denhaut
       Biplane flying boat, used for anti-submarine patrols. Over 500
       built. 
De Marcay 2
       Biplane fighter, completed early in 1919. The aircraft was fast, but
       was not ordered in production. One built.
       Type: De Marcay 2 C1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.25m  Length: 6.62m  Height:   Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 252km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
De Marcay 4
       Single-seat, shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The De Marcay 4 was
       of wooden construction, with a thick angular wing but a well-
       streamlined fuselage. The pilot sat behind the wing, and it was
       rejected because of the poor forward and downward visibility
       that resulted. One built.
       Type: De Marcay 4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 10.00m  Length: 6.70m  Height:   Wing Area: 20.00m2
       Empty Weight: 810kg  Max.Weight: 1150kg
       Speed: 279km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Descamps 27
       Biplane fighter. An unusual feature was the forward sweep of the
       lower wing, which was intended to offer good forward and downward
       view to the pilot. The Armee de l'air preferred the {Nieuport 29},
       and the Descamps 27 was abandoned.
       Type: Descamps 27
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.85m  Length: 6.95m  Height: 2.57m  Wing Area: 23.10m2
       Empty Weight: 732kg  Max.Weight: 1071kg
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
DH-011, Dorand
       Testbed for a rotor drive with low-pressure tipjets. The engine and
       rotor were fitted to an open rig with a small glazed cabin.
       Type: DH-011
       Function: experimental
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Aspin 1
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range: 124mls
       Armament:
Djinn, Sud-Ouest SO 1220 (1221)
       Simple light helicopter, built in quantity for the army and civil
       customers. A tubular frame was fitted with a cabin and a gas turbine
       compressor for 'cold' compressed-air tipjets; this eliminated the
       need for a tail rotor. 178 were built. 
       Type: SO 1221 Djinn
       Function: utility
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Palouste IV
       Rotor Span: 11.00m  Length: 5.30m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 360kg  Max.Weight: 800kg
       Speed: 130km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 112mls
Dufaux
       The Dufaux was an biplane fighter of highly original concept. The
       propeller was placed in the fuselage center section, in such way
       that the front and aft fuselage were only connected by a tubular
       member running through the propeller axis. The engine was buried
       in the aft end of the forward section of the fuselage. The pilot
       and observer had staggered side-by-side seating in the nose. Not
       unexpectedly, there were problems with the structural strength and
       the engine cooling. 
       Type: Dufaux
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J
       Wing Span: 7.96m  Length: 6.10m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 530kg  Max.Weight: 740kg
       Speed: 140km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Dufaux Avion-Canon
       Single-seat biplane fighter. It had two rotary engines buried
       amidships, driving a hollow propeller shaft in the nose through
       gears. A 37mm cannon fired through the propeller shaft. It was
       flown in 1917, but was not developed further. 
Durandal, Sud 212
       The Durandal was a small, lightweight mixed-power fighter with a
       delta wing. Two were built.
       Type: SE 212 Durandal
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3800kg SNECMA Atar 101F
				     1 *  750kg SEPR 75
       Wing Span: 7.44m  Length: 12.07m  Height:   Wing Area: 29.60m2
       Empty Weight: 4575kg  Max.Weight: 6700kg
       Speed: 1667km/h	Ceiling:   Range:
--E---------------------------------------------------------------------------
E-3 Sentry, Boeing
       Four Boeing {E-3}F AWACS aircraft were bought by France.
Ecurueil, Aerospatiale / Eurocopter AS 350 / AS 355 / AS 555. 
       Small utility helicopter, designed as a replacement for the
       {Alouette}. Built in single-engined (AS 350) and twin-engined
       (AS 355) versions, marketed in the USA as the Astar and Super
       Star, respectively. Also license built in Brasil. The AS 555,
       also known as Fennec, is the military version of the AS 355.
       Type: AS 350B2
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 546kW Turbomeca Arriel 1D
       Rotor Span: 10.69m  Length: 12.94m  Height: 3.14m  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1153kg  Max.Weight: 2250kg
       Speed: 246km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 665km
       Armament: 
       Type: AS 355F2
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 425hp Allison 250-C20F
       Rotor Span: 10.69m  Length: 12.94m  Height: 3.15m  Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1318kg  Max.Weight: 2540kg
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 720km
       Armament:
Entreprenant
       This was the name of the hydrogen balloon that was used at the
       Battle of Fleurus, 26 June 1794. It was the first balloon used
       in war. The French soon had two balloon companies, but Napoleon
       disbanded them in 1799.
Epervier, Morane-Saulnier MS.1500
       COIN aicraft. No production.
Epsilon, Aerospatiale
       Piston-engined initial trainer. 172 built.
       Type: Epsilon
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1982  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Avco Lycoming AE 10-540-K
       Speed: 355km/h  Ceiling: 6100m  Range: 1300km
       Armament: 480kg
Espadon, Sud-Ouest SO 6020 (6021, 6025, 6026)
       Experimental interceptor. The SO 6020 Espadon had slightly swept
       wings and a jet engine in the tail with a ventral intake. The
       aircraft was underpowered, and a lot of experiments followed to
       cure this. The SO 6025 had a rocket engine added under the
       fuselage and the SO 6026 had one in the tail. The SO 6021 was
       a serious redesign, lighter and fitted with lateral jet intakes.
       Later it was also flown with wingtip-mounted jet engines. No version
       was accepted for production. Four built.
       Type: SO 6021 Espadon
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1950  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2270kg R.R. Nene
       Wing Span: 10.60m  Length: 15.00m  Height: 4.72m  Wing Area: 26.50m2
       Empty Weight: 4750kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 967km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 6*g20mm
Etendard, Dassault
       The Etendard-family of jet aircraft has been built in many versions,
       but with only moderate succes. The twin-engined Etendard II, IV and
       VI were developed in parallel, the II for the Armee de l'Air, the
       VI for a NATO strike fighter requirement, and the IV as a private
       venture. The twin-engined Etendard II was underpowered, and remained
       an one-off. The Etendard VI lost the NATO competition to the Fiat
       {G.91}. The Etendard IV, which was larger and more powerful than the
       other two versions, was developed in the Etendard IVM carrier-borne
       strike aircraft for the French Aeronavale. 69 of this version were
       built. The Etendard IVM was retired in 1991.
       Type: Etendard II
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1956  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 940kg Turbomeca Gabizo 
       Wing Span: 8.74m  Length: 12.89m  Height: 3.80m  Wing Area: 24.2m2
       Empty Weight: 4210kg  Max.Weight: 5650kg
       Speed: 1054km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm
       Type: Etendard IVM
       Function: attack
       Year: 1962  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 4400kg SNECMA Atar 8
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 14.35m  Height: 3.90m  Wing Area: 28.40m2
       Empty Weight: 5897kg  Max.Weight: 10200kg
       Speed: 1380km/h	Ceiling: 15000m  Range: 3300km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 1360kg
       Type: Etendard VI
       Function: fighter - attack 
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2700kg Bristol Siddeley Orpheus BrO 12
       Wing Span: 8.16m  Length: 12.40m  Height:   Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 3720kg  Max.Weight: 5860kg
       Speed: 1116km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
--F---------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-8 Crusader, Vought
       US-built supersonic carrier-borne fighter. The {F-8}Es of the
       'Aeronavale' will have to stay in service until the {Rafale} M is
       delivered. They were recently upgraded.
F8F Bearcat, Grumman
       These US-built {F8F} carrier fighters was delivered to the
       French forces fighting in (then) Indochina, in 1950.
F 30, Farman
       Two-seat fighter, a conventional (tractor) biplane. It was abandoned
       because of serious center-of-gravity problems. One built.
       Type: F 30
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Za
       Wing Span: 11.01m  Length: 7.29m  Height: 2.96m  Wing Area: 34.71m2
       Empty Weight: 680kg  Max.Weight: 1100kg
       Speed: 208km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
F 31, Farman
       Two-seat biplane fighter, a very angular aircraft powered by the
       American Liberty 12 engine. Development was halted by the end of
       WWI.
       Type: F 31
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 400hp Liberty 12
       Wing Span: 11.76m  Length: 7.35m  Height: 2.58m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 869kg  Max.Weight: 1469kg
       Speed: 215km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm
F.40, Henri Farman
       Pusher biplane, designed and built jointly by Henri and Maurice
       Farman. The F.40 was based on the {HF.20}. Despite their
       obsolescence, they were used as night bombers until the last
       year of WWI.
       Type: F.40
       Function: bomber / reconaissance
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 101kW Renault
       Wing Span: 17.60m  Length: 9.25m  Height: 3.90m  Wing Area: 52.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 135km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 2h 20m
       Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm 50kg
F.50, Farman
       Heavy bomber biplane. A few were used before the war ended in 1918.
       Type: F.50
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1918  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 250hp Lorraine-Dietrich
       Speed: 151km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
F.60 Goliath, Farman
       A big, rectangular biplane. Designed as bomber, but came too late
       for WWI. Mostly used as passenger transport, entered service as a
       bomber in 1922. 
       Type: F.60
       Function: transport
       Year: 1919  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 260 hp Salmson C.M.9
       Wing Span: 25.50m  Length: 14.33m  Height: 4.91m  Wing Area: 161.00m2
       Empty Weight: 2500kg  Max.Weight: 4770kg
       Speed: 140km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 400km
       Load: 12 seats
F.68, Farman
       Development of the {F.60}, in service with the Polish air force 
       in 1925. 
F-100 Super Sabre, North American
       The {F-100} Super Sabre was the first supersonic jet fighter.
F.150, Farman
       Big multi-role biplane on floats.
       Type: F.150
       Function: reconaissance / bomber / torpedo-bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
F.220, Farman (221)
       A big, angular high-wing four-engined bomber; the engines were in
       tandem underwing nacelles. Limited production for the air force;
       a civil version had more succes.
       Type: F.221
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1934  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 860hp Gnome-Rhone 14
       Speed: 325km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
F.222, Farman
       Development of the {F.220} with rectractable landing gear -- but
       this did not eliminate the drag from the massive wing-bracing
       struts. Despite its obsolence it made flights over Germany in
       1939, and served as a transport until 1944.
       Type: F.222.2
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1936  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 868kW Gnome-Rhone 14N
       Wing Span: 36.00m  Length: 21.45m  Height: 5.20m Wing Area: 186m2
       Empty Weight: 10800kg  Max.Weight: 18700kg
       Speed: 360km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 2200km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 3900kg
F.223, Farman
       See {NC 223}.
F.224, Farman
       Development of the {F.220}. Intended as civil transport for
       Air France, but handed over to the air force because of low
       performance.
F.271, Farman
       Angular, ugly twin-engined biplane seaplane, intended as
       torpedo-bomber and reconaissance aircraft. 1935.
F.420, Farman
       Bomber design.
F.2234, Farman
       Final development of the {F.220}. Far better streamlined and with
       retractable landing gear. Three were built as civil transport, but
       handed over to the French Navy at the outbreak of WWII; one was the
       first allied aircraft to bomb Berlin.
       Type: F.2234
       Function: transport / bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 1000hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ydrs
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Falcon 10, Dassault (100)
       Twin-engined jet business aircraft. The Falcon serves as VIP
       transport and liaison aircraft.
       Type: Falcon 10
       Function: utility
       Year: 1970  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1465kg Garrett TFE731-2
       Wing Span: 13.08m  Length: 13.86m  Height: 4.61m  Wing Area: 24.1m2
       Empty Weight: 4880kg  Max.Weight: 8500kg
       Speed: 912km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3560km
       Load: 7 seats
Falcon 20, Dassault (200)
       Twin-engined jet business aircraft. The Falcon serves as VIP
       transport and liaison aircraft. Some serve with the US Coast Guard
       as H{U-25} Guardians.
       Type: Falcon 20F
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 2041kg G.E. CF700-2D-2
       Wing Span: 16.30m  Length: 17.15m  Height: 5.32m  Wing Area: 41m2
       Empty Weight: 7350kg  Max.Weight: 13000kg
       Speed: 863km/h  Ceiling: 12800m  Range: 3300km
       Load: 
Falcon 50, Dassault
       Three-engined jet business aircraft. The Falcon serves as VIP
       transport and liaison aircraft.
       Type: Falcon 50
       Function: utility
       Year: 1976  Crew:   Engines: 3 * 1678kg Garrett TFE371-3-1C
       Wing Span: 18.86m  Length: 18.50m  Height: 6.97m  Wing Area: 46.83m2
       Empty Weight: 9150kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 880km/h  Ceiling: 13800m  Range: 6300km
       Load: 
Falcon 900, Dassault
       Three-engined jet business aircraft, developed from the {Falcon 50}. 
       The Falcon serves as VIP transport and liaison aircraft.
       Type: Falcon 900
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 3 * 2041kg Garrett TFE731-5AR
       Wing Span: 19.33m  Length: 20.21m  Height: 7.55m  Wing Area: 49m2
       Empty Weight: 10240kg  Max.Weight: 20640kg
       Speed: 927km/h  Ceiling: 15550m  Range: 7840km
       Load: 19 seats
Farfadet, Sud-Ouest SO 1310
       Compound helicopter. The Farfadet had a lightplane fuselage with
       short, low-set wings, a turboprop engine and tractor propellor
       in the nose, and an Arrius compressor for the rotor tipjets in
       the tail. Needless to say it looked rather odd.
       Type: SO 1310 Farfadet
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1953  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Turbomeca Marcadau
				     1 * Turbomeca Arrius
       Speed: 150mph  Ceiling:	 Range:
       Load: 3 seats
F.B.A. 17 (171, 172)
       Biplane flying boat, popular both in civil and military versions.
       Type: 17 HE.2
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1923  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 112kW Hispano-Suiza 8Aa
       Wing Span: 12.87m  Length: 8.94m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 36.50m2
       Empty Weight: 850kg  Max.Weight: 1125kg
       Speed: 150km/h  Ceiling: 3500m  Range: 350km
       Armament:
F.B.A. Avion-Canon
       Land-based development of the F.B.A. flying boat. It retained the
       boat-like fuselage and high-set biplane wings, but the fuselage
       now was aerodynamically clean and of monococque construction.
       It was armed with a 37mm cannon. Development was abandoned because
       of low performance.
       Type: F.B.A. Avion-Canon
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza 8A
       Wing Span: 14.50m  Length: 10.13m  Height: 3.35m  Wing Area: 41.00m2
       Empty Weight: 761kg  Max.Weight: 1166kg
       Speed: 133km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 1*g37mm
F.B.A.C.
       Biplane flying boat, probably the most used reconaissance seaplane
       of WWI. Also license-built in Italy.
       Type: F.B.A.C.
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1915  Crew:   Engines: 1 *
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Fennec
       French version of the North American T-28 with a 1400hp Wright
       engine.
Fennec, Aerospatiale AS 555
       Military designation of the {Ecurueil}.
F.K.58, Koolhoven
       This was a Dutch fighter, designed and hastily built for France
       in the beginning of WWII. The F.K.58 was built of wood and steel
       tubing and of conventional appearance. The supply of engines and
       instruments from France was deficient; for delivery to France
       instruments were fitted, that were removed afterwards and brought
       back to the Netherlands! Only 13 became operational.
       Type: F.K.58
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1036hp Gnome-Rhone 14N-39
       Speed: 475km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 750km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
Flamant, Dassault MD 311 (312, 315)
       Small twin-engined transport, training and liaison aircraft. A clean
       mid-wing aircraft with twin tailfins. 318 built.
       Type: MD 315
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1947  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 433kW Renault-SNECMA 12S O2-201
       Wing Span: 20.70m  Length: 12.50m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 47.2m2
       Empty Weight: 4250kg  Max.Weight: 5800kg
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 1215km
       Armament:
Fleuret, Morane-Saulnier MS.775
       Jet trainer with two Turbomeca Marbore engines. A conventional
       low-wing monoplane with a T-tail and side-by-side seating.
Fouga 90, Aerospatiale
       Refined development of the Fouga {Magister}. It had ejection
       seats, a stepped cockpit, and new systems. It did not enter
       production. 1978.
Fregate, Aerospatiale N 262
       Twin-engined, high-wing light transport. Mainly used as trainer.
       110 built.
       Type: N.262
       Function: transport / trainer
       Year: 1970  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 2 * 845kW Turbomeca Bastan VII
       Speed: 418km/h  Ceiling: 8690m  Range: 1450km
       Load: 3075kg, 29 seats
Frelon, SNCASE SE-3200
       This medium-size helicopter was designed as a multi-role type
       for the Army and Navy. It was generally unsatisfactory,
       overweight and unreliable. However, the design team did acquire
       useful experience, which was reflected by the design of the
       {Super Frelon}. Two built.
       Type: Frelon
       Function: utility
       Year: 1959  Crew:   Engines: 3 * 750hp Turbomeca Turmo
       Rotor Span: 8.20m  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Fulgur, Breguet Br 470
       Twin-engined commercial transport. The unique prototype was sold to
       the Spanish Republican government and used as liaison aircraft during
       the civil war. One built.
       Type: Br 470
       Function: transport
       Year: 1936  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 804hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kirs
       Speed: 385km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1000km
       Load: 12 seats
--G---------------------------------------------------------------------------
G, Morane-Saulnier
       Several very different aicraft were known as type G. One was a
       monoplane fighter similar to the type N, powered by a 80hp Le
       Rhone engine.
G.III, Caudron
       Reconaissance biplane. The G.III had a tractor engine and a crew of
       two in a short nacelle between the wings. Over 1500 built. 
       Type: G.III
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 60kW Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 13.40m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 27m2
       Empty Weight: 420kg  Max.Weight: 710kg
       Speed: 108km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 4h
G.IV, Caudron
       Twin-engined biplane bomber. The G.IV had the complex tail boom
       structure and short nacelle of a pusher aircraft, but had twin
       tractor engines. It was very vulnerable and soon used only for
       reconaissance. Over 1350 built.
       Type: G.IV
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 60kW Le Rhone 9C
       Wing Span: 17.20m  Length: 7.20m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 36.8m2
       Empty Weight: 500kg  Max.Weight: 1330kg
       Speed: 132km/h  Ceiling: 4300m  Range: 3h 30min
       Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm 100kg
G.VI, Caudron
       The Caudron G.VI was developed from the {G.IV}, but had a
       conventional fuselage instead of the short nacelle and tail
       struts of the G.IV.
Gardian, Dassault-Breguet
       This is a military version of the {Falcon}/Mystere 20 business
       jet, for maritime surveillance in the Pacific.
       Type: Gardian
       Function: reconaissance
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 2486kg Garrett ATF3-6-2C
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Gazelle, Aerospatiale SA 340 (341, 342)
       A small utility helicopter, notable for introducing the enclosed
       'fenestron' tail rotor. It is used for observation, liaison and
       training, and was also built in an anti-tank version. Over 1250
       have been built, also by Westland in Britain and by Soko in
       Yugoslavia. 
       Type: SA 342M
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew: 1	Engines: 1 * 604kW Turbomeca Astazou XIVM
       Rotor Span: 10.50m  Length: 11.97m  Height: 3.19m  Disc Area: 86.59m2
       Empty Weight: 991kg  Max.Weight: 1900kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling: 4100m  Range: 710km
       Load: 4 seats
Gemaux, Fouga C.M.88-R
       Two {Cyclope} fuselages with their outer wings and V-tails
       were joined by a new central wing panel to create the Gemaux.
       Two small jet engines were fitted on top of the fuselages,
       just behind the cockpits. It was intended as engine testbed.
       The Gemeaux was the first aircraft to fly with turbofan engines. 
       Type: Gemaux
       Function: experimental
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 *
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Gerfaut, Nord 1402 (1405)
       Small delta-winged jet aircraft. The Gerfaut was the first
       European jet aircraft that was supersonic in horizontal flight,
       in 1954. It never entered service. 
       Type: Gerfaut IA
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 4400kg SNECMA Atar 101G
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
Gerfaut, Eurocopter
       It is expected that this will be the name of the HAP escort and
       support version of the {Tiger}, when this enters service.
GL-1, Gourdou-Leseurre 
       Parasol wing fighter, an aircraft of mixed construction with clean
       lines. The GL-1 had a high speed for despite being low-powered, but
       was overweight and had a weak wing construction. It was redesigned, 
       and then became the {GL-2}. One built. 
       Type: GL-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length: 6.60m  Height: 2.30m  Wing Area: 16.65m2
       Empty Weight: 600kg  Max.Weight: 786kg
       Speed: 242km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 
GL-2, Gourdou-Leseurre        
       Development of the {GL-1} with a new wing and revised tail
       surfaces. Twenty were ordered, but aftyer the end of WWI
       the interest in the GL-2 disappeared. 
       Type: GL-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 9.40m  Length: 6.43m  Height:   Wing Area: 18.80m2
       Empty Weight: 570kg  Max.Weight: 850kg
       Speed: 245km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
GL-21, Gourdou-Leseurre
       The GL-21 was a development of the {GL-2}, with changes mainly to 
       ailerons and tail surfaces. Finland acquired 20, which were used 
       until 1931. Thirty built.
       Type: GL-21
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1920  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 9.40m  Length: 6.43m  Height:   Wing Area: 18.80m2
       Empty Weight: 660kg  Max.Weight: 960kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 450km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
GL-22, Gourdou-Leseurre 
       The GL-22 was developed from the {GL-2} in parallel with the
       {GL-21}. It had a new wing profile. It was built in an armed
       fighter version and an unarmed trainer version. The French
       Navy ordered 30 trainers; 20 fighters were exported to Estonia,
       Latvia and Czechoslovakia. 
       Type: GL-22
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1920  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 9.40m  Length: 6.43m  Height:   Wing Area: 18.80m2
       Empty Weight: 590kg  Max.Weight: 880kg
       Speed: 247km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
GL-23, Gourdou-Leseurre
       Development of the {GL-22} with a longer-span wing. Nine built.
       Type: GL-23
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 2.37m  Wing Area: 23.40m2
       Empty Weight: 660kg  Max.Weight: 960kg
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 
GL-31, Gourdou-Leseurre
       Parasol monoplane fighter, an entirely new design, but still of
       mixed construction. Development was abandoned in favour of the 
       {GL-32}. One built
       Type: GL-31
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9A Jupiter
       Wing Span: 10.50m  Length: 7.20m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 875kg  Max.Weight: 1350kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
GL-32, Gourdou-Leseurre
       See {LGL-32}.
GL-33, Gourdou-Leseurre
       See {LGL-33}.
GL-34, Gourdou-Leseurre
       See {LGL-34}.
GL-35, Gourdou-Leseurre (351, 354)
       See {LGL-35}.
GL-40, Gourdou-Leseurre       
       Parasol wing, single-seat fighter for high altitudes. Only one
       built. 
       Type: GL-40
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 14.50m  Length: 9.51m  Height: 2.92m  Wing Area: 35.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1085kg  Max.Weight: 1510kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 
GL-50, Gourdou-Leseurre
       Two-seat, multi-role fighter. The GL-50 was a parasol wing
       aircraft, designed as night fighter and escort fighter. Two
       built.
       Type: GL-50
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 14.60m  Length: 9.35m  Height: 2.85m  Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
GL-51, Gourdou-Leseurre       
       Reengined {GL-50}. 380hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ab Jupiter. 
GL-130, Gourdou-Leseurre
       Project for a twin-engined shipboard seaplane. The {NC 420} was
       preferred. Not built. 
GL-410, Gourdou-Leseurre
       See {GL-450}. 
GL-450, Gourdou-Leseurre       
       Parasol-wing fighter. The GL-410 and GL-450 were developed in
       parallel. Both aircraft were very similar, but the GL-410 had
       a revised wing and was powered by a supercharged Gnome-Rhone
       9Asb Jupiter, while the GL-450 had an unsupercharged version
       of the same engine and the wing of the {LGL-32}. Two GL-410s
       and one GL-450 were built. 
       Type: GL-450
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 480hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ae Jupiter
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 7.55m  Height: 2.95m  Wing Area: 24.90m2
       Empty Weight: 970kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 
GL-482, Gourdou-Leseurre
       The last of the Gourdou-Leseurre fighters. The {GL-482} diverted
       from the parasol-wing configuration; it had a gull wing. Performance
       was lower than expected. Prototype only. 
       Type: GL-482
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 9.86m  Length: 7.28m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 17.75m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
GL-633, Gourdou-Leseurre
       Dive-bomber development of the {LGL-32}. 
GL-810, Gourdou-Leseurre (811, 812, 813)
       Shipboard floatplane, a low-wing floatplane that still performed
       a number of secondary roles during WWII. 93 built.
       Type: GL-810 Hy
       Function: observation
       Year: 1930  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ady Jupiter
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range:
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 150kg
       Type: GL-812 HY
       Function: observation
       Year: 1933  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 313kW Gnome-Rhone 9Ady
       Wing Span: 16.00m  Length: 10.49m  Height: 3.86m  Wing Area: 41m2
       Empty Weight: 1690kg  Max.Weight: 2460kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 560km
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 2*b75kg
GL-831, Gourdou-Leseurre (832)
       Smaller version of the {GL-810} series, intended for smaller
       ships. 23 built.
       Type: GL-832 Hy
       Function: observation
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 230hp Hispano-Suiza 9Qb
       Speed: 184km/h  Ceiling: 4800m  Range: 560km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
GL-840, Gourdou-Leseurre
       Proposed development of the {GL-831} for submarines.
Goeland, Caudron C.440 (441, 444, 445, 447, 448, 449)
       Transport aicraft of civil origin. The Goeland was a small
       twin-engined, low-wing monoplane. First flown in 1934; production
       continued in occupied France and after the war. 1702 were built.
       Type: C-445M
       Function: transport
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 164kW Renault 6Q-00/01 Bengali 6
       Wing Span: 17.59m  Length: 13.68m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 42m2
       Empty Weight: 2292kg  Max.Weight: 3500kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 1000km
       Load: 6 seats
Griffon, Nord 1500
       High-speed research aircraft. The Griffon was a canarded delta,
       built around its engine. This was a combination of turbojet engine
       and a ramjet; the Atar jet was fitted inside a 1.37m diameter
       ramjet duct. The speed of the Griffon was limited by the heating
       of the airframe.
       Type: Griffon II
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3500kg SNECMA Atar 101E3
       Speed: 2316km/h	Ceiling:   Range:
Grognard, Sud-Est SE 2410 (2415, 2421)
       A big ground-attack fighter with swept wings. The jet intake was
       on the upper fuselage, ahead of the wing root and behind the 
       heavily framed cockpit. An all-wheater fighter version was
       abandoned. Two built.
       Type: SE 2410 Grognard
       Function: attack
       Year: 1950  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 2200kg R.R. Nene 101
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Guerrier, Socata
       Armed version of the Rallye.
       Type: R 235
       Function: trainer / attack
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 175kW Textron Lycoing O-540-B4B5
       Speed: 275km/h  Ceiling: 4500m  Range: 1090km
       Armament: 4*7.62mm
--H---------------------------------------------------------------------------
H.5, Marcel Besson
       Large quadruplane flying boat, tested by the Aeronavale in 1923.
H.16, Hanriot
       Parasol-wing monoplane. Used as trainer (15 ordered) and 
       observation aircraft (29 ordered).
       Type: H.16
       Function: trainer
       Year: (1930s)  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 89kW Renault 4Pdi
       Wing Span: 11.90m  Length: 8.22m  Height: 2.62m  Wing Area: 22m2
       Empty Weight: 547kg  Max.Weight: 886kg
       Speed: 155km/h  Ceiling: 4200m  Range: 375km
       Armament:
H-19, Hanriot
       Biplane trainer. 180hp Hispano-Suiza engine.
H-21, Piasecki
       US-built tandem-rotor transport helicopter. In service with the
       army.
H.26, Hanriot
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The fuselage --- which had a
       relatively large cross-section, because of the liquid-cooled
       radial engine --- filled the gap between the wings completely.
       Apart from the blunt nose contours the all-metal H.26 was well
       streamlined. Handling was poor, the pilot had a poor view, and
       the engine overheated. One built.
       Type: H.26
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Z
       Wing Span: 9.05m  Length: 7.35m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 18.00m2
       Empty Weight: 820kg  Max.Weight: 1150kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 750km
       Armament:
H.31, Hanriot
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The H.31 was an all-metal aircraft
       with a close-cowled radial engine. There were a lot of participants
       for the 1923 C1 fighter competition of the French air force, and all
       offered aircraft had a better performance than the H.31... One built.
       Type: H.31
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Cm
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.58m  Height: 3.62m  Wing Area: 34.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1287kg  Max.Weight: 1789kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
H.33, Hanriot
       Two-seat fighter biplane. The development of the H.33 was protracted;
       when in finally entered flight test, it was already obsolete, and
       rapidly abandoned. One built.
       Type: H.33
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Ab
       Wing Span: 12.58m  Length: 7.56m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 38.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1122kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 580km
       Armament: 6*mg
H.43, Hanriot (431, 436, 439)
       Biplane trainer and observation aircraft, reliable but not exciting.
       Type: H.431
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1927  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 172kW Lorraine 7Mc
       Wing Span: 11.40m  Length: 7.98m  Height: 3.16m  Wing Area: 30.24m2
       Empty Weight: 980kg  Max.Weight: 1370kg
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling: 4900m  Range: 450km
H.52, Bernard
       Single-seat floatplane fighter, which used the tail and wings of the
       {Bernard 260}. Two built.
       Type: H.52
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kdrs
       Wing Span: 11.50m  Length: 9.30m  Height: 4.27m  Wing Area: 18.2m2
       Empty Weight: 1480kg  Max.Weight: 1888kg
       Speed: 285km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm
H.110, Hanriot
       The H.110 was a highly unsual single-seat fighter. It was of twin
       tail-boom configuration, with a liquid-cooled pusher engine. The
       annular radiator was fitted in the extreme nose. The H.110 was large
       and heavy, and performance was disappointing. Prototype only.
       Type: H.110
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 13.50m  Length: 7.96m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1260kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 355km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm
H.110, Bernard / Screck
       Single-seat floatplane fighter, resembling closely the {H.52} but
       a new design. The H.110 had an all-metal structure, twin floats,
       and an open cockpit. The requirement was filled by the competing
       Loire 210. One built.
       Type: H.110
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 710hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs
       Wing Span: 11.60m  Length: 9.30m  Height:   Wing Area: 19.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1900kg  
       Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
H.115, Hanriot
       Modified Hanriot {H.110}. The H.115 had an uprated engine in a
       modified fuselage section, and a 33mm cannon under the fuselage.
       Prototype only.
       Type: H.115
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 13.50m  Length: 7.60m  Height: 2.69m  Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1428kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 390km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g33mm
H.220, Hanriot
       Twin-engined monoplane fighter. The H.220 was of all-metal, monocoque
       construction. The original Renault in-line, air-cooled engines were
       replaced by more powerful Gnome-Rhone radials before the first flight.
       There were problems with handling and with the construction, and the
       type was completely redesigned, becoming the H.220-2. The H.220-2
       abandoned the monocoque construction, introduced twin tailfins, and
       had cleaner engine nacelles. Before entering production, the type
       was again redesigned, and was renamed NC.600 (See there). One built. 
       Type: H.220
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 680hp Gnome-Rhone 14M
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 7.87m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 21.16m2
       Empty Weight: 2673kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 520km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 850km
       Armament: (2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm)
H.230, Hanriot (231, 232)
       Twin-engined trainer, a sleek aircraft with twin tail fins and
       air-cooled inline engines. Few were built. Three were sent to
       Finland.
       Type: H.232/2
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1939  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 164kW Renault 6Q-o
       Wing Span: 12.76m  Length: 8.55m  Height: 3.47m  Wing Area: 21.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1728kg  Max.Weight: 2260kg
       Speed: 335km/h  Ceiling: 7500m  Range: 1200km
H-246, Liore-et-Olivier
       Four-engined flying boat. The H-246 was designed as a civil
       passenger transport, but pressed into service by the Aeronavale
       in 1939. Later they were used by the Luftwaffe, that loaned
       three of them to Finland for a brief period. Seven built.
       Type: H-246.1
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 4 *
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
H.436, Hanriot
       See {H.43}.
       Type: H.436
       Function: trainer
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9Ab
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling: 4100m  Range: 450km
       Armament: 0-1*mg7.7mm
Hawk 75, Curtiss
       Export version of the Curtiss {P-36} radial-engined monoplane
       fighter. The Hawk 75 was very expensive and deliveries were
       slow, but the need for aircraft was such that the Hawk 75
       was ordered anyway. 98 were in service in May 1940.
HC, Galvin
       This remarkable fighter aircraft was powered by a pusher engine,
       installed in the forward fuselage. The aft fuselage was separated
       from the fron fuselage by the propeller, and connected only by some
       struts and member through the propeller axis. It was a float
       biplane, with a large central float and small outrigger floats. It
       remained an experiment. 
       Type: HC
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome 
       Wing Span: 8.00m  Length: 7.20m  Height: 2.30m  Wing Area: 18.59m2
       Empty Weight: 520kg  Max.Weight: 800kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: (3*mg)
HD.1, Hanriot
       Biplane fighter, a small, agile aircraft of mixed construction.
       France preferred the Spad {S.VII} but the HD-1 was built for
       Belgium and Italy. In Italy Macchi also built 901. Total production
       was 1145. 
       Type: HD-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 89kW Le Rhone 9Jb
       Wing Span: 8.70m  Length: 5.85m  Height: 2.94m  Wing Area: 18.20m2
       Empty Weight: 400kg  Max.Weight: 605kg
       Speed: 184km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 2hr 30min
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
HD.2, Hanriot
       Floatplane fighter, based on the {HD.1}. Ten were ordered by the
       US Navy, that converted them to landplanes.
       Type: HD.2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 97kW Clerget 9B
       Wing Span: 8.51m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 18.40m2
       Empty Weight: 495kg  Max.Weight: 700kg
       Speed: 182km/h  Ceiling: 4800m  Range: 300km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
HD.3, Hanriot
       Two-seat fighter biplane. The HD.3 looked less stocky than the
       {HD.1} and {HD.2}; its powerful Salmson radial engine was well
       faired into the fuselage. Orders for 300 were reduced to 75 at
       the end of WWI. 
       Type: HD.3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 194kW Salmson 9Za
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length: 6.95m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 25.50m2
       Empty Weight: 760kg  Max.Weight: 1180kg
       Speed: 192km/h  Ceiling: 5700m  Range: 2hrs
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
HD.4, Hanriot
       Floatplane development of the {HD.3}. No production.
HD.5, Hanriot
       Two-seat fighter, designed around the liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza
       engine. The HD.5 was a biplane with a small wing gap, so that
       portions were cut out of the upper wing to accomodate the heads
       of the pilot and gunner. Only one built.
       Type: HD.5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 10.63m  Length: 7.34m  Height: 2.54m  Wing Area: 30.40m2
       Empty Weight: 800kg  Max.Weight: 1250kg
       Speed: 213km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 490km
       Armament: 3-4*mg7.7mm
HD.6, Hanriot
       The HD.6 was developed in parallel with the {HD.5}, but it was
       designed for the 530hp, two-row, water-cooled Salmson radial.
       This resulted in a larger fuselage cross-section. The performance
       was not significantly better than that of the {HD.3}, and the
       pilot had a poor view. Prototype only. 
       Type: HD.6
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 530hp Salmson 18Z
       Wing Span: 13.60m  Length: 8.85m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 47.50m2
       Empty Weight: 810kg  Max.Weight: 1250kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm
HD.7, Hanriot
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The HD.7 used the wings of the {HD.3},
       with a new fuselage. Performance was good, but marginally inferior
       to that of the competing {Nieuport 29}. Prototype only.
       Type: HD.7
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 7.20m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 28.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1230kg  Max.Weight: 1900kg
       Speed: 218km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 900km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
HD.8, Hanriot
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The experimental Le Rhone 9R engine
       was highly troublesome, and the HD.8 was abandoned. One built.
       Type: HD.8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Le Rhone 9R
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 6.15m  Height:   Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 480kg  Max.Weight: 690kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2hrs
       Armament: 
HD.9, Hanriot
       Single-seat reconaissance-fighter biplane, powered by a Salmson
       liquid-cooled radial engine. It was developed from the two-seat
       {HD.3}, but had much larger fuel capacity. One built. The end of
       the war halted further production.
       Type: HD.9
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson 9Z
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length: 6.95m  Height:   Wing Area: 25.50m2
       Empty Weight: 710kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
HD.12, Hanriot
       Single-seat biplane fighter. The HD.12 owed more to the {HD.1}
       than to Hanriot's later fighters. It was regarded as conceptually
       obsolescent, and its performance was not good. Prototype only.
       Type: HD.12
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1921  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 170hp Le Rhone 9R
       Wing Span: 8.70m  Length: 5.94m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 19.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 190km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
HD.15, Hanriot
       Two-seat biplane fighter, developed for a turbosupercharged
       Hispano-Suiza engine. This was a bulky installation, and the
       fuselage was rather corpulent. The Rateau supercharger had not
       yet a sufficiently advanced stage of development, and the aircraft
       was abandoned. Japan bought the prototype, and order four more.
       Type: HD.15
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza HS 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.40m  Length: 7.60m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 32.48m2
       Empty Weight: 1050kg  Max.Weight: 1750kg
       Speed: 180km/h  Ceiling: 10250m  Range: 800km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
HD.20, Hanriot       
       Single-seat biplane fighter, designed as a shipboard fighter
       for the French Navy. This all-metal biplane demonstrated a
       good performance, but development was abandoned. One built.
       Type: HD.20
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 12.50m  Length: 8.10m  Height:   Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1360kg
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
HD.26, Hanriot
       See {H.26}. 
HD.27, Hanriot
       Lightweight biplane fighter, designed for shipboard operations.
       The HD.27 had STOL characteristics, but there was no demand for
       the aircraft. Its wing area was reduced by 5.00m2 and it was used
       as a trainer and liaison aircraft. One built.
       Type: HD.27
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ac
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 6.15m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 554kg  Max.Weight: 764kg
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 300km
       Armament: 
HD.780, Dewoitine
       Floatplane version of the {D.520}. One built, but never flown.
He 274, Heinkel
       The prototype of this German high-altitude bomber was built in
       the Farman factories in France. It was completed after the end
       of WWII, and flew in the French air force until 1953.
HF.20, Henri Farman
       Pusher biplane, an obsolete aircraft that nevertheless saw
       widespread service.
       Type: HF.20
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew:   Engines: 1 *
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
--I---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I, Morane-Saulnier
       Higher powered Development of the Morane-Saulnier {N}. The I
       was fast, but difficult to fly. Like the N it had a fixed gun
       and bullet deflectors on the propellor. The I had been ordered
       by the British RFC, that bought only four. It was superseded
       by the type {V}.
       Type: I
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 8.24m  Length: 5.81m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 11.00m2
       Empty Weight: 334kg  Max.Weight: 510kg
       Speed: 168km/h  Ceiling: 3500m  Range: 1h 20m
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Integral, Breguet Br 941
       Four-engined STOL transport. Five built, one prototype and four
       production aircraft.
       Type: Br 941S
       Function: transport
       Year: 1967  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 1120kW Turbomeca Turmo IIID3
       Wing Span: 23.40m  Length: 23.75m  Height: 9.65m  Wing Area: 83.80m2
       Empty Weight: 13460kg  Max.Weight: 26500kg
       Speed: 450km/h  Ceiling: 9500m  Range:
       Armament:
--J---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jaguar, Sepecat
       French/British low-altitude ground attack aircraft. The French
       and British air forces each bought around 200; the Jaguar also
       did well on the export market. The Jaguar is a relative small
       aircraft with a tiny shoulder-wing, giving a smooth 'ride' at low
       altitude. The British versions are the S attack aircraft
       (Jaguar GR.1) and the B two-seat trainer (Jaguar T.2). The Jaguar
       A is the French attack version, and the E the French two-seat
       trainer. The Jaguar M shipboard attack aircraft was cancelled.
       The Jaguar International is the export version; it is being license-
       built in India.
       Type: Jaguar GR.1
       Function: attack
       Year: 1973  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 35.7kN R.R.-Turbomeca Adour Mk.104
       Wing Span: 8.69m  Length: 16.83m  Height: 4.89m  Wing Area: 14.18m2
       Empty Weight: 7000kg  Max.Weight: 15700kg
       Speed: M1.6  Ceiling: 14020m  Range: 4210km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 4765kg
       Type: Jaguar International
       Function: attack
       Year: 1978  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 3647kg R.R.-Turbomeca Adour Mk.804
       Wing Span: 8.69m  Length: 16.83m  Height: 4.89m  Wing Area: 24.18m2
       Empty Weight: 7000kg  Max.Weight: 15700kg
       Speed: 1699km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm 4763kg
Ju 88, Junkers
       Late in 1944 a number of captured {Ju 88} bombers were made
       operational in Toulouse. They equipped a bomber unit, which
       made some attacks on German garrisons in the French Atlantic
       ports. They stayed in service until 1947, despite growing
       maintenance and reliability problems. 
--K---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KC-135, Boeing
       Tanker aircraft of US origin. 11 bought, plus a few on lease from
       theUSAF.
--L---------------------------------------------------------------------------
L, Morane Saulnier
       Parasol monoplane. The Morane-Saulnier L of Roland Garros was the
       first tractor aircraft ever fitted with a fixed, forward-firing
       machine gun, with bullet deflectors on the propellor blades. But
       most were only fitted with a gun in the second cockpit, for the
       observer. Over 600 were built.
       Type: L
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1913  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome
       Wing Span: 11.20m  Length: 6.88m  Height: 3.93m  Wing Area: 18.30m2
       Empty Weight: 385kg  Max.Weight: 655kg
       Speed: 115km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 450km
       Armament: 1*mg8mm
L-7, Universal
       (S-USA-A-U-HN-N-AI1)
       All 19 ordered were lend-leased to the Free French. They
       were Universal Monocoupe 90AF cabin monoplanes, and at least
       some were delivered in their normal civilian colors. 
       Type: L-7A
       Function: liaison / observation
       Year:    Crew: 2   Engines: 1 * 75kW Franklin O-200-1
       Speed: 193km/h    Ceiling: 4570m   Range: 930km
       Freight:
L-19 Birddog, Cessna
       The {L-19} is an US-built high-wing liaison and observation
       aircraft.
LA, Morane-Saulnier
       Improved {L}, with ailerons instead of wing warping. 
Lama, Aerospatiale SA 315
       A derivative of the {Alouette II} with a more powerful engine,
       developed for the Indian military forces. It set the altitude
       record for helicopters at 12442m, and once made a landing and
       take-off at 7500m.
       Type: SA 315b Lama
       Function: utility
       Year: 1969  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 410kW Turbomeca Artouste IIIB
       Speed: 192km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 515km
       Armament:
Lancaster, Avro
       The Armee de l'Air acquired a number of these British bombers. The
       {Lancaster}s of the Aeronavale were the last ones in operational
       service.
Languedoc, Sud SO 161
       Four-engined transport aircraft.
Late 5, Latecoere
       Four-seat bomber biplane. No production. 1924.
Late 6, Latecoere
       Escort fighter. No production. 1924.
Late 19, Latecoere
       Night bomber with a crew of two, developed from the Late 15
       airliner. The Late 19 was a rather ugly parasol monoplane. Two
       built. 1926.
Late 20, Latecoere
       Ambulance version of the {Late 19}. One built.
Late 290, Latecoere
       Torpedo-bomber, a shoulder-wing seaplane, development of the
       Late 28 mailplane. Some were still in service in 1940. About
       35 built.
       Type: Late 290
       Function: torpedo-bomber
       Year: 1931  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling: 4100m  Range: 700km
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 300kg
Late 298, Latecoere (299)
       Torpedo-bomber and reconaissance seaplane. A clean monoplane with
       twin floats, that was in service unti 1946. The 299 was a shipboard
       version with wheeled undercarriage. Over 130 built.
       Type: Late 298D
       Function: torpedo bomber / reconaissance
       Year: 1936  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 880hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs-1
       Wing Span: 15.50m  Length: 12.56m  Height: 5.25m  Wing Area: 31.60m2
       Empty Weight: 3070kg  Max.Weight: 4600kg
       Speed: 290km/h  Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 2200km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm
Late 300, Latecoere (301, 302)
       The Late 302 was the military version of a long-range civil flying
       boat. Seven built, of which three 302s. It was a large, rather ugly
       parasol-wing flying boat.
       Type: Late 302
       Function: reconaissance
       Year:   Crew: 8	Engines: 4 * 930hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ydrs2
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 3300km
       Armament: 5-7*mg7.5mm 300kg
Late 521, Latecoere (522, 523)
       Rather ugly flying boat. The single Late 521 'Lieutenant de
       Vaisseau Paris' was intended for a transatlantic passenger
       service. Plans were hampered by diplomatic and financial problems;
       the Late 521 was sunk in 1936 and rebuilt in 1937. The transatlantic
       service was then halted by WWII, and the aircraft was used by the
       French Navy. The 523 was designed for the military role, and 
       abandoned the stepped nose of the 521 and 522. Five built.
       Type: Late 521
       Function: transport
       Year: 1937  Crew: 8  Engines: 4 * 650hp Hispano SUiza 12Nbr
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling: 6300m  Range: 4100km
       Load: 70 seats
Late 611, Latecoere (612)
       Long-range patrol flying boat. One built, that was in service until
       1947.
       Type: Late 611
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1939  Crew:   Engines: 4 * 1010hp Gnome-Rhone 14N 30/31
       Speed: 350km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 4250km
       Armament: 10*mg7.5mm 800kg
LB, Besson
       Triplane flying boat, designed for maritime reconaissance. There
       was a single-seat fighter version, a three-seat long-range patrol
       and a coastal patrol version, also a three-seater.  In the short-
       distance patrol version the lowest wing had a shorter span than
       the upper two; in the long-range version the middle wing was
       longer than both other wings. Only the coastal patrol version was
       built in series; twelve were delivered.
       Type: LB
       Function: coastal patrol
       Year: 1919  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 224kW Renault 12Fe
       Wing Span: 13m  Length: 9m  Height: 3.2m  Wing Area: 47m2
       Empty Weight: 840kg  Max.Weight: 1570kg
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 500km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm 2*b50kg
LB 2, Levy-Biche / Levasseur
       Sesquiplane shipboard fighter. For emergency ditching, the LB 2 was
       fitted with a watertight boat-shaped fuselage; the lower wing was
       in the mid-fuselage position. The undercarriage was jettisonable.
       20 were built by Levasseur for the French Navy, and saw limited
       service.
       Type: LB 2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 330hp Hispano-Suiza 8Se
       Wing Span: 10.40m  Length: 7.52m  Height: 3.49m  Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight: 920kg  Max.Weight: 1350kg
       Speed: 219km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
LB 6, Levy-Biche
       Biplane fighter, designed for shipboard operations. The LB 6 had
       a conventional fuselage, and a swept upper wing. It was powered
       by a 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter radial. Five built, most fitted
       with a float undercarriage.
LE, Breguet
       Monoplane fighter, a very clean aircraft. Fixed landing gear, open
       cockpit, strut-braced wings; but nevertheless a very advanced
       design for 1918! However, the prototype was lost in a fatal crash
       during the second flight.
       Type: LE
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 9.78m  Length: 6.35m  Height: 2.00m  Wing Area: 20.0m2
       Empty Weight: 495kg  Max.Weight: 700kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Leduc 0.10
       Ramjet-powered research aircraft. An unusual charcteristic of the
       Leduc designs was that the pilot was seated in the shock cone in
       front of the engine inlet; in the 0.10 the pilot was actually
       seated inside the engine inlet! The 0.10 was carried to altitude
       on the back of a {Languedoc} transport, and then released.
       Type: Leduc 0.10
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1947  Crew: 1  Engines:
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
Leduc 0.16
       Development of the {Leduc 0.10}. The 0.16 had wingtip-mounted jet
       engines for normal take-off. It was not entirely succesful. The
       wingtip engines were later removed.
Leduc 0.21
       A further development of the series, larger than the {Leduc 0.10}
       and {Leduc 0.16}. The 0.21 still had to be air-launched. Two built.
       Type: 0.21
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1953  Crew: 1  Engines: 6500kg
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
Leduc 0.22
       Mach 2 interceptor development of the {Leduc 0.21}. The 0.22
       had an auxiliary Atar D.3 jet engine for normal take-off. The
       project was cancelled following cutbacks in military spending.
       Two built. 1956.
LeO 3, Liore et Olivier
       Project for a monoplane fighter. 1917. Developed into the {LeO 9}.
LeO 5, Liore et Olivier
       Armoured army-cooperation biplane.
       Type: LeO 5
       Function: attack
       Year: 1919  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 170hp Le Rhone 9R
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
LeO 8, Liore et Olivier
       Two-seat parasol monoplane, designed as nightfighter and reconaissance
       aircraft. Only one built. 
       Type: LeO 8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Renault 
       Wing Span: 15.50m  Length: 8.70m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 32.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1274kg  Max.Weight: 1877kg
       Speed: 215km/h  Ceiling: 6300m  Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
LeO 9, Liore et Olivier
       Low-wing monoplane fighter. The LeO 9 was a cantilever monoplane,
       a very advanced concept for its day. However, the wing failed in
       flight during testing, and development was halted. One built.
       Type: LeO 9
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 10.94m  Length: 6.59m  Height: 2.18m  Wing Area: 17.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1175kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 
       Armament: 
LeO 20, Liore et Olivier
       See {Leo 203}.
LeO 25, Liore et Olivier
       See {LeO 203}.
LeO 45, Liore et Olivier
       Prototype of the {LeO 450} series.
LeO 48, Liore et Olivier
       This was a aerodynamic demonstrator for the {LeO 50}, that
       was later built as the {SE.100}. The LeO 48 had unusual control
       surfaces, unusual controls and an unusual construction. It looked
       similar to the SE.100, but was built mainly of wood. Only one was
       built. It was damaged on its third flight, and never repaired.
       Type: LeO 48
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1941  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 145hp Regnier 4Go
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 8.78m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Load: 3 seats
LeO 50, Liore et Olivier
       This design was built as the Sud-Est {SE.100}.
LeO 122, Liore et Olivier
       See {LeO 203}.
LeO 203, Liore et Olivier (20, 25, 122, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208)
       Twin-engined heavy biplane bomber. The LeO 203 and 206 had
       four engines in push/pull tandem nacelles. These were very
       ugly, but reliable aircraft. The 25 that were still in service
       in 1940 served in North Africa. 
       Type: LeO 20
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1926  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 313kW Gnome-Rhone 9Ady
       Wing Span: 22.25m  Length: 13.81m  Height: 4.26m  Wing Area: 105m2
       Empty Weight: 2725kg  Max.Weight: 5460kg
       Speed: 198km/h  Ceiling: 5760m  Range: 1000km
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 1000kg
       Type: LeO 206
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1933  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 4 * 350hp Gnome-Rhone 7Kds
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling: 7600m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 1000kg
LeO 256, Liore et Olivier (257)
       Twin-engined seaplane torpedo-bombers. Angular biplanes, built
       of metal tubes and fabric. They were already obsolete when they
       were ordered. 
       Type: LeO 256
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * Hispano-SUiza
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
LeO 450, Liore et Olivier (451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 458)
       The LeO 451 was a modern bomber, a clean-twin engined aircraft
       with good performance. Lack of suitable engines and propellors
       and numerous problems with the internal equipment slowed
       production down and reduced serviceability. Nevertheless 584
       were built, of which 150 after the armistice of 1940; but only
       about 100 were operational in May 1940. Also used by German,
       Italian, British and USAF units. The last were retired in 1957.
       Type: LeO 451 B.4
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 1140hp Gnome-Rhone 14N
       Wing Span: 22.50m  Length: 13.81m  Height: 4.26m  Wing Area: 105m2
       Empty Weight: 7815kg  Max.Weight: 11400kg
       Speed: 495km/h  Ceiling: 9000m  Range: 2300km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm 1500kg
LeO H-10, Liore et Olivier
       Biplane.
LeO H-23, Liore et Olivier
       Single-engined sesquiplane amphibian. Reconaissance.
LeO H-43, Liore et Olivier
       Catapult-launched, three-seat reconaisance seaplane. It entered
       service in 1940 and was used on a limited scale before the
       capitulation. 21 built.
       Type: LeO H-34
       Function: reconaissane
       Year: 1940  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vb
       Speed: 209km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 825km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 150kg
LeO H-47, Liore et Olivier (470)
       Four-engined flying boat, designed for Air France but pressed into
       military service. The LeO H-470 was a clean, fast aircraft with
       excellent flying characteristics. Six built.
       Type: LeO H-470
       Function: reconnaissance
       Year: 1938  Crew: 9  Engines: 4 * 880hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y34/35
       Speed: 352km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3700km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 600kg
LeO H.49, Liore et Olivier
       Giant flying boat, later renamed SE.200.
LeO H-246, Liore et Olivier
       The LeO H-246 was a 26-seat civil flying boat, that was hastily
       militarized at the outbreak of WWII, but flew in military form only
       after the armistice. Some were later used by Germany, Bulgaria and
       Finland. Six built.
       Type: LeO-246.1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1940  Crew: 6-8  Engines: 4 * 720hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xgrs/hrs 1
       Speed: 330km:h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2000km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 600kg
LeO H-254, Liore et Olivier (256, 257, 258, 259)
       Torpedo-bomber floatplane or land-based bomber. An angular
       biplane, the last in the line of Liore et Olivier biplane
       bombers. 91 built.
       Type: LeO H-257bis
       Function: torpedo bomber
       Year:   Crew: 6	Engines: 2 * 870hp Gnome-Rhone 14Knrs/ors
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1500km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 1310kg
LeO H-470, Liore et Olivier
       See {LeO H-47}.
Letord 4
       Biplane bomber. Did not have very good performance, and was used as
       reconaissance aircraft.
       Type: 4
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1917  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 160hp Lorraine-Dietrich
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Letord 6
       This was development of the Letord 3 biplane night bomber, intended
       as escort fighter. The concept was already outdated when flight
       testing began; the aircraft was too slow and too big. No production.
       Type: 6 Ca3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8Be
       Wing Span: 17.95m  Length: 11.05m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 69.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 150km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm
Letord-Bechereau 2
       Shoulder-wing monoplane fighter. The Letord-Bechereau was a
       streamlined wooden aircraft, with aerofoil-section wing struts
       and wheel axis fairing. It was not selected for production. One
       built.
       Type: 2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson 18Z
       Wing Span: 14.00m  Length: 10.00m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 35.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1760kg
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 
LGL-32, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre (321)
       Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. About 475 were built, including a 
       number of export aircraft. As late as 1937 the production was 
       restarted, and 16 were built for the Republican side in the 
       Spanish Civil War. 
       Type: LGL-32
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9c
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 7.55m  Height: 2.95m  Wing Area: 24.90m2
       Empty Weight: 963kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling: 31800ft  Range: 500km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
LGL-33, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre
       Development of the {LGL-32}, powered by a 12-cylinder in-line
       engine. The heavier engine required a change in the wing
       position to restore the CG. One built. 
       Type: LGL-33
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 8.03m  Height: 2.95m  Wing Area: 24.90m2
       Empty Weight: 1139kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
LGL-34, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre (341)
       The LGL-34 and -341 were reengined developments of the {LGL-32}.
       The wing was also enlarged. Performance increases were too small
       to warrant production. 
       Type: LGL-341
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 7.60m  Height: 2.95m  Wing Area: 27.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1192kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 
LGL-35, Loire-Gourdou-Leseurre (351, 354)
       Parasol-wing fighter. The LGL-351 used the same wing as the {LGL-33}, 
       but was developed as a lightweight fighter powered by a 450hp Renault 
       engine. The LGL-354 was a version with more fuel and increased 
       armament. Later the LGL-354 was renamed LG-35. No production. 
       Type: LGL-351
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Renault 12Ja
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 8.03m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 24.90m2
       Empty Weight: 1057kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 450km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
LH.16, Hanriot
       See {H.16}.
LH.80, Hanriot
       Parasol-wing reconaissance aircraft.
LN 40, Liore-Nieuport (41, 401, 402, 411, 420)
       Carrier-borne dive bomber. The LN 40 was a bulky monoplane
       with an inverted gull wing. The type was unpopular with the
       military, and only about 72 built. Hastily thrown into action,
       they suffered heavy losses in 1940. Development of the LN 420
       continued after 1945.
       Type: LN 401
       Function: dive bomber
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs
       Wing Span: 14m  Length: 9.75m  Height: 3.50m  Wing Area: 24.75m2
       Empty Weight: 2135kg  Max.Weight: 2823kg
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling: 9500m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm 225kg
LN 161, Liore-Nieuport 
       Monoplane fighter. The LN 161 possessed a long but clean fuselage
       and tapering wings with a relatively high aspect ratio. It showed
       some promise, and three prototypes were built. However, in the end
       the Morane-Saulnier {MS 405} was selected for production.
       Type: LN 161
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 9.56m  Height: 2.95m  Wing Area: 15.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1748kg  Max.Weight: 2278kg
       Speed: 478km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
LN 401, Loire-Nieuport (40, 402, 411, 420)
       See {LN 40}.
Loire 30 (301)
       The Loire 30 was designed as a night reconnaissance aircraft. The
       slightly bizarre design was an ugly shoulder-wing monoplane with
       fixed landing gear and three engines on tubular mounts above the
       wing. Drag was high and the Loire 30 did not even meet its very
       modest specifications. It was then converted in a testbed for an
       armoured gun turret, and the central engine was converted to a
       pusher to restore the centre of gravity. One built.
       Type: Loire 30
       Function: reconnaissance 
       Year: 1932  Crew: 3  Engines: 3 * 230hp Salmson 9Ab
       Wing Span: 22.15m  Length: 13.7m  Height: 4.96m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 2510kg  Max.Weight: 3670kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Loire 43 (45, 46)
       Monoplane fighter. The single Loire 43 had a high-set gull wing,
       and open cockpit and fixed undercarriage. It was powered by a
       liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs engine. The single Loire 45
       had a radial Gnome-Rhone 14Kds instead, in an almost identical
       fuselage. The Loire 46 was redesigned to improve the view from
       the cockpit, and this was the the production version, of which
       60 were ordered by the French military. Later five were sent to
       Spain. 63 built.
       Type: Loire 46
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 900hp Gnome-Rhone 14Kfs
       Wing Span: 11.83m  Length: 7.88m  Height: 4.13m  Wing Area: 19.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1360kg  Max.Weight: 2100kg
       Speed: 390km/h  Ceiling: 11750m  Range: 750km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
Loire 50 (500, 501)
       Light liaison flying boat. Seven built.
       Type: 501
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 350hp Hispano-Suiza 9Qd
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling: 4850m  Range: 1100km
       Load: 3 seats
Loire 70 (701)
       Three-engined, high wing flying boat. The Liore 70 was an angular
       aircraft with one pusher and two tractor engines on top of the wing;
       wings and tip floats were heavily braced. It had many weaknesses and
       was unpopular. Eight built.
       Type: 70
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1937  Crew: 8  Engines: 3 * 740hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kfr
       Speed: 235km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 3000km
       Armament: 6*mg7.5mm 600kg
Loire 130
       Shipboard flying boat. The Loire 130 was ugly, and with its
       numerous struts it looked obsolete, but it was efficient.
       Production continued under the Vichy regime. It served
       throughout WWII and afterwards. 125 built.
       Type: 130M
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1-3  Engines: 1 * 537kW Hispano-Suiza 12brs
       Wing Span: 16m  Length: 11.30m  Height: 3.85m  Wing Area: 40.10m2
       Empty Weight: 2090kg  Max.Weight: 3396kg
       Speed: 226km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1100km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm 2*b75kg
       Load: 6 seats (crew 1)
Loire 210 (211)
       Single-seat shipboard fighter seaplane.The 210 was a low-wing
       monoplane with a large central float and small wingtip floats.
       Structural failures led to its fast retirement. 21 built.
       Type: 210
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 980hp Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs
       Wing Span: 11.79m  Length: 9.51m  Height: 3.80m  Wing Area: 20.30m2
       Empty Weight: 1440kg  Max.Weight: 2100kg
       Speed: 315km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 750km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
Loire 250
       Single-seat fighter monoplane. The 250 was a refined design, with
       retractable landing gear and a closed cockpit; it was powered by
       a two-row Hispano-Suiza radial engine. But the prototype suffered
       from excessive drag. Therefore was rejected at an early stage of
       testing because it was not fast enough. One built.
       Type: 250
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1000hp Hispano-Suiza 14Ha-79
       Wing Span: 10.80m  Length: 7.81m  Height: 3.72m  Wing Area: 16.30m2
       Empty Weight: 1500kg  Max.Weight: 2200kg
       Speed: 480km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 875km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
Loire 500 (501)
       See {Loire 50}.
Loire 701
       See {Loire 70}.
Luciole, Caudron C.270 (271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278)
       Pre-WWII cabin biplane, pressed into service as liaison aircraft
       during WWII, in France, but also in Germany and Britain. 275
       built.
       Type: C.272
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1931  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 150hp Renault Bengali 4Pei
       Wing Span: 9.90m  Length: 7.67m  Height: 2.76m  Wing Area: 24m2
       Empty Weight: 516kg  Max.Weight: 780kg
       Speed: 173km/h  Ceiling: 3400m  Range: 625km
       Armament:
--M---------------------------------------------------------------------------
M.1, Ponnier
       Biplane fighter, with a close-cowled rotary engined and very small
       tail surfaces -- both characteristics were later modified. About 20
       built, and most delivered to Belgium. It soon disappeared from
       service.
       Type: M.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1915  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone 9C
       Wing Span: 6.18m  Length: 5.75m  Height: 2.30m  Wing Area: 13.50m2
       Empty Weight: 304kg  Max.Weight: 464kg
       Speed: 167km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
M.2, Ponnier
       Design for a two-seat biplane fighter, based on the {M.1}.
M.101, De Monge
       This was a French derivative of the Dutch NVI {FK.31}, designed
       by Frits Koolhoven. The M.101 was considered to be a much better
       aircraft than the FK.31. Prototype only.
       Type: M.101
       Function: fighter / reconaissance
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ac
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 7.80m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 196km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm 1*mg7.7mm
Magister, Potez / Fouga / Aerospatiale CM.170
       The Magister was a simple and lightweight jet trainer, a
       straight-wing design with two small engines and a V-tail.
       The Magister was extremely successful. It was also license-
       built in Germany, Finland and Israel. 929 were built. The
       French air force retired its last operational example in 1997.
       Type: CM.170R Magister
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1956  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 400kg Turbomeca Marbore IIA
       Wing Span: 12.15m  Length: 10.06m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 17.30m2
       Empty Weight: 2150kg  Max.Weight: 3200kg
       Speed: 715km/h  Ceiling: 11000m	Range: 925km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm
Maillet 20 (201)
       Civil tourer and trainer, several impressed in 1939.
       Type: 201
       Function: trainer / liaison
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 185hp Regnier 6B-01
       Speed: 290km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 1500km
       Load: 2 seats
MB 26, Besson
       Sesquiplane seaplane. The upper wing was directly on top of the
       fuselage, the lower wing was between fuselage and the central float.
       Type: MB 26
       Function: reconaissance
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 400hp Lorraine-Dietrich
       Speed: 163km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
MB 35, Besson
       Small seaplane, designed as shipboard reconaissance aircraft for
       a class of submarine-cruisers armed with 203mm cannon. The MB 35
       was a small, angular low-wing monoplane with twin floats. Six
       were built, but none operated from the 'Surcouf', the only Q-
       class submarine built. They did fly from cruisers, however. The
       MB 35 did not have good seagoing qualities, and was abandoned in
       favor of the more advanced {MB 41}. 
       Type: MB 35
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 120hp Salmson ACQ
       Wing Span: 9.82m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.53m  Wing Area: 16.5m2
       Empty Weight: 540kg  Max.Weight: 765kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 225kg
MB 41, Besson / ANF-Mureaux
       See {MB 410}. 
MB.80, Bloch (81)
       Low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear, designed for the
       ambulance role.
       Type: M.B.81
       Function: ambulance
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 130kW Salmson 9Nd
       Wing Span: 12.59m  Length: 8.4m	Height: 2.9m  Wing Area: 17.8m2
       Empty Weight: 581kg  Max.Weight: 880kg
       Speed: 188km/h  Ceiling: 6400m  Range: 654km
       Armament: 1 stretcher
MB.150, Bloch (150, 151, 152, 153)
       Monoplane fighter. The first MB.150 prototype refused to leave
       the ground! A redesigned aircraft flew but was very complicated
       to build. About 140 of the more refined MB.151 were built, but
       only 25 of them had propellors, and anyway they were considered
       unfit for combat. 482 improved MB-152s were built, but again
       many lacked propellors and other necessary items, and peak
       operational strength during the fighting of 1940 was only 94.
       The MB.152 was clearly inferior to the {Bf 109}. Production
       continued after the defeat of France, bringing total production
       over 600. The single MB.153 had a P&W R-1830 engine.
       Type: MB.152
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1030hp Gnome-Rhone 14N
       Wing Span: 10.55m  Length: 9.10m  Height: 3.95m	Wing Area: 15m2
       Empty Weight: 202kg  Max.Weight: 2680kg
       Speed: 515km/h  Ceiling: 10000m	Range: 600km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
MB.155, Bloch
       Development of the MB.152 (See {MB.150}). The only real improvement
       was the greater range. The MB.155 entered production after the
       defeat of France in 1940; they were used by the Vichy government and
       later by the Germans. 30 built. 
       Type: MB.155
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 820kW Gnome-Rhone 14N-49
       Wing Span: 10.55m  Length: 9.05m  Height: 3.95m	Wing Area: 17.30m2
       Empty Weight: 2100kg  Max.Weight: 2900kg
       Speed: 520km/h  Ceiling: 10000m	Range: 1050km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
MB.156, Bloch
       Straightforward adaptation of the {MB.155} for the Gnome-Rhone 14R
       engine. Abandoned before it was flown, in favour of the {MB.157}.
MB.157, Bloch
       The MB.157 was the last development of the {MB.150} series. It
       was completely redesigned, to make use of the powerful Gnome-Rhone
       14R engine. One built, that transported to Germany in 1943.
       The engine was removed for testing. 
       Type: MB-157
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1942  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1268kW Gnome-Rhone 14R-4
       Wing Span: 10.70m  Length: 9.70m  Height: 3.20m	Wing Area: 19.40m2
       Empty Weight: 2390kg  Max.Weight: 3250kg
       Speed: 710km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1095km
       Armament: (2*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm)
MB.410, Besson / ANF-Mureaux (411)
       Development of the {MB 35}. The MB 410 was an observation aircraft,
       to be carried by the 2880-ton submarine cruiser 'Surcouf' armed
       with two 203mm guns. The MB.410 was a low-wing monoplane with a
       single central float and two small stabilizing floats, that could
       easily be disassambled for stowage. One MB.410 and two MB.411s were
       built; one MB.411 was carried on board. After June 1940 both the
       Surcouf and the MB.411 were used by the Free French.
       Type: MB-411
       Function: observation
       Year: 1937  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 1 * 130kW Salmson 9Nd
       Wing Span: 12m  Length: 8.25m  Height: 2.85m  Wing Area: 22m2
       Empty Weight: 760kg  Max.Weight: 1140kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 345km
MB.700, Bloch
       See {Bloch 700}.
MD 450 Ouragan, Dassault
       See {Ouragan}.
MD 451 Aladin, Dassault
       Two-seat jet nightfighter, never built. The MD 451 was intended as a
       development of the {Ouragan} with tandem seating, and a radar set in
       the nose. One Ouragan was modified to have lateral jet intakes, as
       planned for the MD.451. However, the Ouragan was already overtaken
       by the wept-wing Mystere, and the MD 451 was cancelled in favour
       of the {Mystere III}. 
MD 452 Mystere II, Dassault
       See {Mystere II}.
MD 453 Mystere III, Dassault
       See {Mystere III}.
MD 550 Mirage I, Dassault
       See {Mirage I}.
MF.7, Maurice Farman
       Pusher biplane, used a reconaissance aircraft during the opening
       months of WWI. Was known as 'Shorthorn' in British service
       because of the short skis on the landing gear, intended to
       protect against nose-overs. 
MF.11, Maurice Farman
       Improved {MF.7}. Known as 'Longhorn' because of the longer skis
       than on the MF.7.
       Type: MF.11
       Function: reconaissance / trainer
       Year: 1914  Crew:   Engines: 1 *
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Microjet
       Small, jet-engined basic trainer with V-tail.
       Type: Microjet 200B
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1980  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1.60kN Microturbo TRS-18-2
       Speed: 463km/h  Ceiling: 9150m  Range: 760km
       Armament: 2*mg7.62mm
Milan, Dassault 
       The Milan was a version of the {Mirage III} with a rectractable
       'moustache' in the nose and the more powerful Atar 9K-50 engine.
       It was developed for Switzerland. No production.
       Type: Milan
       Function: attack 
       Year: 1970  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50
       Wing Span: 8.22m  Length: 15.90m  Height: 4.25m  Wing Area: 3485m2
       Empty Weight: 7000kg  Max.Weight: 14000kg
       Speed: 2337km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm 4000kg
Mirage I, Dassault M.D. 550
       Small twin-engined delta-winged jet fighter, intended as all-weather
       interceptor. The Mirage I was underpowered with its two small jet
       engines, but also had a rocket engine. The aircraft was too small
       to carry effective armament, being designed to carry only a single
       missile. One built. 
       Type: Mirage I
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1955  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 980kg Bristol Siddeley Viper
                                     1 * 1500kg SEPR 66
       Wing Span: 7.30m  Length: 11.10m  Height:   Wing Area: 27.10m2
       Empty Weight: 3330kg  Max.Weight: 5070kg
       Speed: 1700km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Mirage II, Dassault
       Never built. Slightly enlarged development of the {Mirage I},
       powered by two Turbomeca Gabizo engines. Abandoned in favour
       of the {Mirage III}. 
Mirage III, Dassault
       The delta-winged Mirage III jet fighter has been the largest
       succes of the post-war French aviation industry. More than 20
       countries bought the Mirage III, and it is still in service,
       now undergoing extensive modernisation programmes in South-Africa,
       Chili and Switzerland. One of the most elegant aircraft ever
       flown, the Mirage III has a large delta wing and circular intakes
       with shock cones. A rectangular recess under the aft fuselage
       can contain either a fuel tank or a rocket engine. 
       Type: Mirage IIIE
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1964  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 6200kg SNECMA Atar 9C
				   0-1 * 1500kg SEPR 844
       Wing Span: 8.22m  Length: 15.03m  Height: 4.05m	Wing Area: 35.00m2
       Empty Weight: 7050kg  Max.Weight: 13700kg
       Speed: 2350km/h	Ceiling: 17000m  Range:
       Armament: 2*g30mm 4400kg
Mirage 3 NG
       This was an upgrade of the {Mirage III}, proposed by Dassault. The
       changes included canards, extended wing root leading edges, a
       fly-by-wire control system, and the Atar 9K-50 engine. Prototype
       only.
       Type: Mirage 3NG
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1982  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50
       Wing Span: 8.22m  Length: 15.65m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 35.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 14700kg
       Speed: 2125km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Mirage IIIT
       This was an engine test vehicle for the {Mirage IIIV}, to test
       the TF-104 and TF-106 engines developed in a cooperation by
       SNECMA and Pratt & Whitney. These were two-stage turbofans
       with reheat. In both cases severe problems were encountered
       with compressor stalls. 
Mirage IIIV
       This was nominally a VTOL development of the Mirage III, but
       in reality a very different aircraft. The VTOL technology with
       eight lift engines was demonstrated by the {Balzac}, a converted
       Mirage III, while the TF-104 and TF-106 engines were tested on
       the {Mirage IIIT}. The Mirage IIIV was much larger than the
       Mirage III, although its configuration was similar. The lift
       engines were insufficiently powerful for the large aircraft,
       and the TF104 and TF106 propulsion engines were unreliable. 
       Type: IIIV 01
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 6400kg P&W-SNECMA TF-104B
                                 8 * 1720kg Rolls-Royce RB162-1
       Wing Span: 8.20m  Length: 17.50m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 10250kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Mirage IVA
       Similar in layout to the {Mirage III}, but much larger and twin-
       engined. The Mirage IV is a medium-range nuclear bomber, originally 
       with an AN22 free-fall bomb. It was updated in the 1980s to carry
       the air-breathing ASMP nuclear missile. This somewhat compensates
       for its short combat range of only 1240km. 63 built. The last
       bomber models were retired in 1996.
       Type: Mirage IVA
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1963  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 7000kg SNECMA Atar 9K
       Wing Span: 11.85m  Length: 23.49m  Height: 5.40m  Wing Area: 78m2
       Empty Weight: 14500kg  Max.Weight: 33475kg
       Speed: 2340km/h	Ceiling: 20000m  Range: 4000km
       Armament: 7260kg
Mirage 5
       The Mirage 5 was a fair-weather attack development of the
       {Mirage III}. The reduction of electronic equipment allows
       more fuel and reduces cost. It was sold to Abu Dahbi, Belgium,
       Colombia, Egypt, Gabon, Libya, Pakistan, Peru, Venezuela and
       Zaire. Israel also ordered the Mirage 5, but when France refused
       to deliver the aircraft it built a copy of it with the P&W J-79
       engine, the {Kfir}. 
       Type: Mirage 5
       Function: attack
       Year: 1967  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 6200kg SNECMA Atar 9C
       Wing Span: 8.22m  Length: 15.56m  Height: 4.25m  Wing Area: 34.85m2
       Empty Weight: 7150kg  Max.Weight: 13700kg
       Speed: 2350km/h	Ceiling: 20000m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 4000kg
Mirage 50, Dassault
       Development of the {Mirage III} / {Mirage 5} series. The 50 has
       the higher-powered Atar 9K-50 engine; hence the name. About 30
       were completed, most of them conversions of earlier models. 
       Type: Mirage 50
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1979  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 70.6kN SNECMA Atar 9K-50
       Wing Span: 8.22m  Length: 15.56m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 35m2
       Empty Weight: 7150kg  Max.Weight: 13700kg
       Speed: M2.2  Ceiling: 18000m  Range:
       Armament: 2*g30mm
Mirage 2000, Dassault-Breguet
       The Mirage 2000 reverted to the familiar delta wing shape of the
       {Mirage III}, in a new, sophisticated form with slats and small
       canards. As light air-superiority fighter, it achieved some
       succes, despite the competition of the {F-16} and {F-18}. The
       Mirage 2000C is the fighter version; the Mirage 2000N is a
       two-seat nuclear-armed strike aircraft, and the 2000D a
       conventional attack aircraft. 
       Type: Mirage 2000C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1983  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 95.0kN SNECMA M53-P2
       Wing Span: 9.13m  Length: 14.36m  Height: 5.20m  Wing Area: 41m2
       Empty Weight: 7500kg  Max.Weight: 17000kg
       Speed: M2.35  Ceiling: 17060m  Range: 3335km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 6300kg
Mirage 4000, Dassault-Breguet
       The twin-engined Mirage 4000 was developed by Dassault,
       presumably to be used in a high/low mix with the {Mirage 2000}.
       It was virtually a scaled-up Mirage 2000. The French air force
       showed no interest in this canarded delta. No production.
       Type: Mirage 4000
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1979  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 8500kg SNECMA M53-2
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 18.70m  Height:   Wing Area: 73.00m2
       Empty Weight: 13000kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 2445km/h  Ceiling:   Range: +2000km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 8000kg
Mirage F1, Dassault
       The Mirage F.1 replaced the familiar delta wing of the {Mirage III}
       with a swept wing, set at shoulder height and fitted with flaps
       and slats. This was combined with a low-set slab tailplane. The
       F.1 did not achieve the enormous sales of the Mirage III, but was
       nevertheless sold to France, Ecuador, Greece, Iraq, Libya, Marocco,
       Quatar,  Jordania, South-Africa, and Spain. A more advanced version,
       the F.1E with a M53 engine, lost the NATO fighter competition to
       the {F-16}. The {Mirage 2000} has replaced the F.1 one the
       production lines, but the Mirage F1 will continue in service for
       some time. 
       Type: Mirage F.1C
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1970  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50
       Wing Span: 9.32m  Length: 15.30m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 7400kg  Max.Weight: 16200kg
       Speed: 2740km/h	Ceiling: 20000m  Range: 1390km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 6300kg
Mirage F2, Dassault
       The Mirage F2 was developed as a two-seat strike fighter, in
       parallel with the smaller single-seat {Mirage F1}. It too had a
       shoulder-mounted, normal swept wing. It was cancelled because the
       lighter Mirage F1 was more attractive. One built.
       Type: Mirage F2
       Function: fighter/attack
       Year: 1966  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 9000kg TF-306 
       Wing Span: 10.50m  Length: 17.60m  Height: 5.80m  Wing Area: 36.00m2
       Empty Weight: 9500kg  Max.Weight: 18000kg
       Speed: 2350km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 5.25hrs
       Armament:
Mirage F3, Dassault
       Planned single-seat version of the {Mirage F2}. Never built.
Mirage F8, Dassault
       Proposed fixed-wing development of the {Mirage G}. Not built. 
Mirage G
       Experimental variable geometry fighter, with the typical elegant
       Mirage lines and a shoulder-wing of which the sweep could be
       set between 26 and 70 degrees. The first prototype was the single-
       engined Mirage G; after the loss of this one two Mirage G8 twin-
       engined prototypes were built. No production.
       Type: Mirage G8
       Function: fighter / attack 
       Year: 1971  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 7200kg SNECMA Atar 9K-50
       Wing Span: 13.00m  Length: 16.80m  Height: 5.35m  Wing Area: 37.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 23800kg
       Speed: 2495km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Mirage NG
       The Mirage NG (nouvelle generation) was a proposed update program
       for the {Mirage III} / {Mirage 5} series.
Mistral, Sud-Est SE 530 (532, 535)
       French version of the British de Havilland {Vampire} twin-boom
       single-seat jet fighter. It was modified to accept the more
       powerful Nene Mk.5 engine, and the pilot was provided with a
       pressurized cabin and an ejection seat. 253 built.
       Type: SE 535
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1952  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2270kg Hispano-R.R. Nene 104
       Wing Span: 11.60m  Length: 9.37m  Height:   Wing Area: 24.03m2
       Empty Weight: 3480kg  Max.Weight: 6100kg
       Speed: 925km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1800km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 2*b450kg
MoS ??, Morane-Saulnier
       All numbers in the MoS series: see the corresponding MS numbers.
       The acronym was officially 'MoS' before 1927.
MS.21, Morane-Saulnier
       See {P}.
MS.23, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AC}.
MS.27, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AI}.
MS.28, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AF}
MS.29, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AI}.
MS.30, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AI}.
MS.31, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AN}.
MS.32, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AN}.
MS.33, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AN}.
MS.34, Morane-Saulnier
       See {AN}.
MS.35, Morane-Saulnier
       Parasol-wing monoplane trainer, see {AR}.
MS.121, Morane-Saulnier
       Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The MS 121 was designed as a
       light fighter, with an engine of moderate power; but it proved
       underpowered. Prototype only.
       Type: MS.121
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 465hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 6.72m  Height: 2.88m  Wing Area: 16.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1011kg  Max.Weight: 1276kg
       Speed: 257km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
MS.129, Morane-Saulnier
       Similar to the {MS.130}, but powered by the 134kW Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       engine. Relatively few were built.
MS.130, Morane-Saulnier
       Parasol wing trainer, developed from the {MS.53}. The wing of the
       MS.130 was slightly swept and braced with substantial struts;
       the radial engine was uncowled. 146 built.
       Type: MS.130
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 172kW Salmson 9Ab
       Wing Span: 10.70m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1149kg
       Speed: 208km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
MS.138, Morane-Saulnier
       Two-seat trainer, developed from the {MS.53}. 178 built.
       Type: MS.138
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 60kW Le Rhone 9C
       Wing Span: 10.90m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 772kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
MS.147, Morane-Saulnier (149)
       Parasol-wing trainer, created by combining the wing of the
       {MS.138} with the fuselage of the {MS.130}. 109 were built,
       plus 56 MS.149s for the French navy.
       Type: MS.147
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1928  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 89kW Salmson 9Ac
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 145km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
MS.221, Morane-Saulnier (222, 223)
       The MS.221 was a more powerful development of the {MS.121}.
       Despite its relatively high power-to-weight ratio, the MS.221
       was slower than other contenders for the light fighter
       requirement. Development was, after production of the
       modified MS.222 and MS.223, discontinued in favour of the
       redesigned {MS.224}.
       Type: MS.221
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9Ae
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 2.98m  Wing Area: 16.00m2
       Empty Weight: 915kg  Max.Weight: 1230kg
       Speed: 268km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
MS.224, Morane-Saulnier (225, 226, 227)
       The stubby MS 225 parasol-wing fighter was a larger development
       of the {MS.221} 'light fighter'. The MS.225 with a fully cowled
       radial engine was built in small numbers (78) as an interim
       fighter, but was known as an excellent aircraft for aerobatics.
       The 226 was a carrier-borne version, but was considered conceptually
       obsolescent. The MS.227 was an engine testbed.
       Type: MS.225
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kbrs
       Wing Span: 10.56m  Length: 7.25m  Height: 3.26m  Wing Area: 17.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1154kg  Max.Weight: 1590kg
       Speed: 333km/h  Ceiling: 9900m  Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
MS.230, Morane-Saulnier
       Parasol-wing monoplane trainer, a fully aerobatic aircraft with
       a rotund fuselage. Over 500 were built.
       Type: MS.230
       Function: advanced trainer
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9 Ab engine.
       Wing Span: 10.70m  Length: 6.98m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 19.70m2
       Empty Weight: 829kg  Max.Weight: 1150kg
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 5000m
MS.275, Morane-Saulnier (278)
       Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The MS.275 had a good performance
       and good manoeuvrability, but the concept of the parasol-wing
       fighter was considered to be outdated. MS was already developing
       its first low-wing monoplanes, the {MS.325} and {MS.405}.
       Type: MS.275
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 600hp Gnome-Rhone 9Krse
       Wing Span: 10.56m  Length: 7.24m  Height: 3.29m  Wing Area: 17.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1361kg  Max.Weight: 1724kg
       Speed: 363km/h  Ceiling: 10700m  Range: 1150km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
MS.300, Morane-Saulnier (301,302)
       Primary trainer.
MS.315, Morane-Saulnier (317)
       Parasol-wing trainer of mixed construction, developed from the
       {MS.300}. It was used as primary trainer and target tug. 350 were
       built, including 33 built after WWII. As late as 1960, some were
       reengined with 220hp Continental W-670 engines and renamed MS.317.
       Type: MS.315
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 135hp Salmson 9Nc
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.60m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 21.60m2
       Empty Weight: 548kg  Max.Weight: 860kg
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 
       Armament: 
MS.325, Morane-Saulnier
       The MS.325 was a low-wing fighter monoplane, with fixed landing
       gear and open cockpit. Aerodynamic problems prevented further
       development.
       Type: MS.325
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs
       Wing Span: 11.80m  Length: 8.25m  Height: 3.70m  Wing Area: 19.73m2
       Empty Weight: 1354kg  Max.Weight: 1789kg
       Speed: 365km/h  Ceiling: 12000m	Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
MS.326, Morane-Saulnier
       High-wing trainer and liaison aircraft.
MS.405, Morane-Saulnier (406, 407, 408, 409)
       Low-wing monoplane fighter. The MS.405 was of mixed construction.
       Twelve were built, essentially pre-series aircraft for the MS.406. 
       The MS.406 formed the backbone of French fighter units in May 1940. 
       It was not a bad aircraft, but underpowered, too slow and too
       lightly armed to fight the {Bf 109}. It was also by Finland,
       Switzerland, and Turkey; other export aircraft were impressed
       by the Armee de l'Air. Finland built a development with a Soviet
       Klimov 105P engine (itself derived from the original Hispano-Suiza
       engine) and a German 20mm cannon, the {Morko Moraani}.
       Type: MS.406
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y31
       Wing Span: 10.62m  Length: 8.17m  Height: 2.71m  Wing Area: 17.10m2
       Empty Weight: 1893kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 486km/h  Ceiling: 9400m  Range: 1000km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
MS.410, Morane-Saulnier (411, 412)
       The MS.410 was a slightly improved MS.406. 79 were built by
       conversion of MS.406s. The radiator bath was replaced, and the
       wing modified to double the number 7.5mm guns. The MS.411 was
       a {MS.405} powered by the HS 12Y45 engine, one was converted. The
       MS.412 was powered by the HS 12Y51, and served as prototype for
       the Swiss D-3081 fighter. 
MS.450, Morane-Saulnier
       The MS.450 was based on the fighters of the {MS.405} series, but
       featured a metal monococque fuselage, and metal wings skinned with
       plywood bonded to aluminium. The MS.450 did not enter production,
       because the Dewoitine {D.520} was already in production and the
       MS.450 had no advantages over it. Three built.
       Type: MS.450
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1050hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y51
       Wing Span: 10.62m  Length: 8.82m  Height: 2.75m  Wing Area: 17.10m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 560km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 750km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 2*mg7.5mm
MS.470 Vanneau, Morane-SAulnier (472, 474, 475)
       See {Vanneau}.
MS.500 Criquet, Morane Saulnier (501, 502)
       See {Criquet}.
MS.540, Morane-Saulnier
       Development of the {MS.450}. Built in Switzerland as the D-3802.
MS.733 Alcyon, Morane-Saulnier
       See {Alcyon}.
MS.760 Paris, Morane-Saulnier
       See {Paris}.
MS.775 Fleuret, Morane-Saulnier
       See {Fleuret}.
MS.1500 Epervier, Morane-Saulnier.
       See {Epervier}.
Mureaux 3
       All-metal, parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The Mureaux 3 (also
       known as the Brunet 3) was a two-seater of all-metal construction.
       The design of the wing struts was remarkable: Heavy N-type struts
       connected wings with the undercarriage, which itself also featured
       enormous struts. The Mureaux 3 was abandoned after the prototype
       crashed, although the aircraft was not to blame. One built.
       Type: 3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 15.00m  Length: 8.45m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 32.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1160kg  Max.Weight: 1990kg
       Speed: 245km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Mureaux 4
       Reengined development of the {Mureaux 3}. It was not adopted for
       service, but developed into the {Mureaux 130} reconaissance
       aircraft.
       Type: 4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Salmson CM 18
       Wing Span: 15.00m  Length: 8.30m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 32.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1318kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 233km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Mureaux 110 (111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117)
       Parasol monoplane, built as observation, attack, reconnaissance-
       bomber or night-fighter aircraft. Production models were the
       113, 115 (reconaissance) and 114 (night fighter). Over 100 were
       still in service on 10 May 1940, not yet replaced by the
       {Potez 63}.11. It was a parasol monoplane of all-metal
       construction. 297 built.
       Type: 115 R2 B2
       Function: observation
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs
       Speed: 340km/h  Ceiling: 10400m	Range: 1500km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm 300kg
Mureaux 130
       Parasol-wing reconaissance aircraft, developed from the {Mureaux 4}.
Mureaux 170
       All-metal parasol-wing fighter monoplane, which was rejected by the
       French air force. Two built.
       Type: 170
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 11.38m  Length: 7.90m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 19.56m2
       Empty Weight: 1199kg  Max.Weight: 1670kg
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Mureaux 180
       Two-seat development of the {Mureax 170}. The 180 had a different
       radiator installation, and was modified with twin fins and rudders.
       One built.
       Type: 180
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs
       Wing Span: 11.40m  Length: 7.83m  Height: 3.26m  Wing Area: 19.56m2
       Empty Weight: 1266kg  Max.Weight: 1953kg
       Speed: 379km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 750km
       Armament: (1*mg20mm 3*mg7.7mm)
Mureaux 190 (191)
       Lightweight fighter, a low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear,
       powered by an air-cooled inline engine. The engine was unreliable.
       One built.
       Type: 190
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1936  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Salmson 12 Vars
       Wing Span: 8.38m  Length: 7.20m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 10.00m2
       Empty Weight: 850kg  Max.Weight: 1290kg
       Speed: 500km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: (1*g20mm 2*mg7.7mm)
Mystere I, Dassault MD 452
       Prototype of the {Mystere II}, essentially an {Ouragan} with a
       thin, swept wing. The Mystere II had some additional changes,
       including an engine change. 
Mystere II, Dassault MD 452
       The Mystere II was a development of the {Ouragan} with a
       thinner, swept wing. Approx 150 were built for the French
       air force. The British-designed engines of the first
       prototypes were replaced by the first 'Atar' engines in
       the production aircraft. 144 built.
       Type: Mystere IIC
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2800kg Atar 101D-2
       Wing Span: 11.33m  Length: 12.24m  Height: 4.50m  Wing Area: 30.28m2
       Empty Weight: 5730kg  Max.Weight: 7460kg
       Speed: 1030km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm
Mystere III, Dassault MD 453
       Two-seat nightfighter development of the {Mystere II}. The aircraft
       had tandem seating, and lateral jet intakes to make room for
       a radar in the nose. Only one prototype was built, and the radar
       was never fitted.
       Type: Mystere IIIN
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1952  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2850kg Hispano-Suiza Tay 250
       Wing Span: 11.62m  Length: 12.86m  Height: 4.47m  Wing Area: 31.90m2
       Empty Weight: 5915kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 1080km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Mystere IV, Dassault
       The Mystere IVA was a completely redesigned aircraft, which had
       only a conceptual similarity to the {Mystere II}. The new fuselage
       was of oval cross-section, the wing was thinner and had more
       sweepback. 275 Mystere IVAs were built, of which some were paid
       for by US support funds, and of which 60 were sold to Israel. The
       IVB was again redesigned, with an entirely new fuselage for an
       axial-flow R.R. Avon or SNECMA Atar engine, but was abandoned in
       favour of the {Super Mystere}. The IVN was a tandem-seat
       nightfighter version, which had a 'beard' jet intake instead of
       the pitot intake of earlier model, to make room for a radar in
       the upper nose. It too was abandoned, in favour of the {Vautour.} 
       Type: Mystere IVA
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1952  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 3497kg Hispano-Suiza Verdon 350
       Wing Span: 11.12m  Length: 12.85m  Height: 4.60m  Wing Area: 32.06m2
       Empty Weight: 5860kg  Max.Weight: 8210kg
       Speed: 1120km/h	Ceiling: 13715m  Range: 2280km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 908kg
       Type: Mystere IVN 
       Function: nightfighter
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * Rolls-Royce Avon RA 7R
       Wing Span: 11.12m  Length: 14.92m  Height: 4.60m  Wing Area: 32.00m2
       Empty Weight: 7140kg  Max.Weight: 10320kg
       Speed: 1030km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: (2*g30mm 52*r68mm)
Mystere, Dassault (10, 20, 100, 200, 500)
       See {Falcon}.
--N---------------------------------------------------------------------------
N, Morane-Saulnier
       Mid-wing monoplane, wich became the first French fighter aircraft.
       The type N was fitted with fixed gun, but no synchronization gear;
       it used deflectors on the propellor blades instead, as pioneered by
       Roland Garros on a type {L}. The N was less popular than the parasol
       monoplanes. 49 built.
       Type: N
       Function: reconaissance / fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J
       Wing Span: 8.15m  Length: 5.83m  Height: 2.25m  Wing Area: 11.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 443kg
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 1h 30m
       Armament: 1*mg
N, R.E.P.
       Monoplane reconaissance aircraft. Brief service in 1915.
       Type: N
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome
       Speed: 116km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
N 262 Fregate, Nord / Aerospatiale
       See {Fregate}.
N 500, Aerospatiale
       See {Nord 500}.
N 1400 Noroit, SCAN (1401, 1402)       
       Twin-engined maritime patrol amphibian. The NC 1400 was an elegant
       design, apart from the odd three-fin tail and non-retractable
       stabilising floats. The first prototype, flown in 1949, had 
       SNECMA 14R engines and the two N 1401s had Bristol Hercules engines,
       but the N 1402 production model was powered by a French version of
       the 2040hp Junkers Jumo 213 engine. Of the latter 28 were built.
       They served some years with the Aeronavale. 
       Type: N 1402
       Function: patrol and rescue 
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1566kW SNECMA 12H00
       Wing Span: 31.60m  Length: 22.05m  Height: 6.85m  Wing Area: 100m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3450km
       Armament: 6*g20mm 
N 2200, Nord
       See {Nord 2200}.
N 3202, Aerospatiale
       See {Nord 3202}.
Narval, Sud-Ouest SO 8000 (8010)
       The Narval was a twin-boom pusher aircraft with slightly swept
       wings, intended as a shipboard fighter/attack aircraft. The
       engine was a copy of the German Jumo 213 and had contra-rotating
       propellers. Development was problematic and finally the Narval
       was cancelled. The proposed jet-engined SO 8010 was not built.
       Type: SO 8000 Narval
       Function: fighter / attack
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2250hp Arsenal 12 H-02
       Wing Span: 11.77m  Length: 11.83m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 26.30m2
       Empty Weight: 4821kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 730km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 4500km
       Armament: 6*g20mm 1000kg
NC.211 Cormoran
       Large four-engined transport, with a deep fuselage. The big and
       ugly NC.211 did not enter production. 
NC.223
       Development of the Farman {F.222} bomber. It was a complete
       redesign, first flown in 1937, which entered service in 1940.
       The NC.223 had a new, metal wing. About 13 were built.
       Type: NC.223.3
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1940  Crew: 5-6  Engines: 4 * 910hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y29
       Wing Span: 33.58m  Length: 22.00m  Height: 5.08m  Wing Area: 132.40m2
       Empty Weight: 10550kg  Max.Weight: 19200kg
       Speed: 400km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 2400km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.5mm 4190kg
NC 270 (271)
       The NC 270 was a jet bomber, which was never built. The NC 271
       was an unpowered scale model, and was carried into the air on
       top of a {Languedoc}. 
NC 420, Farman / SNAC
       Shipboard reconaissance aircraft, a twin-engined flying boat. The
       NC 420 had folding wings, twin tailfins, a glazed nose, a cockpit
       offset to the left, and air-cooled inline engines. It was bulky
       and ugly. The prototype, after delay because of the German invasion
       and occupation, was completed in 1943. But it was never allowed to
       fly.
       Type: NC 420
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1943  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 390hp Bearn 6D07
       Wing Span: 15.90m  Length: 11.20m  Height: 3.81m  Wing Area: 34m2
       Empty Weight: 2895kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 7120m  Range: 1350km
       Armament: (2*mg 2*b75kg never fitted)
NC 470, Farman (471, 472)
       Floatplane trainer; some were used for reconaissance in 1939. The
       NC.470 was initially developed by Farman as the F.470. Germany
       captured 14 in 1942. Approx 24 built.
       Type: NC 470
       Function: trainer / reconaissance
       Year:   Crew: 6	Engines: 2 * 480hp Gnome-Rhone 9Akx Jupiter
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling: 6000m Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.5mm 200kg
NC.510, Hanriot 
       First prototype of the {NC.530}. Serious redesign was needed.
NC.530, Hanriot (531, 532)
       The NC.530 reconaissance monoplane with its bulky, deep fuselage
       and fixed landing gear was obsolete before it flew. Two built.
       Type: NC.530
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1940  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone 14M
       Speed: 410km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 1800km
       Armament: 3*mg7.5mm 500kg
NC-600, Centre / Hanriot
       The NC-600 was a very promising twin-engined fighter, but its
       development was ignored by the air force. The NC-600 had an
       elegant fuselage of elliptical cross-section, twin tailfins,
       and two radial engines. Only two prototypes were built.
       Type: NC-600
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 700hp Gnome-Rhone MO/01
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 8.80m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 21.16m2
       Empty Weight: 2948kg  Max.Weight: 4000kg
       Speed: 542km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 860km
       Armament: 3*g20mm 2*mg
NC 701, SNAC (702)
       French version of the German Siebel {Si 204} twin-engined light
       transport. The engines were Renault 12S, a copy of the German
       Argus As 411.
NC 900
       The German Focke-Wulf {Fw 190}A in French service. Their lifespan
       was short, because there were problems with the spare parts for
       the engines -- these had been made for Germany by the French
       industry during WWII, and were of low quality...
NC 1070, Aerocentre (1071)
       Twin-engined naval bomber. Prototypes were built for the NC.1070
       with SNECMA 14R radial engines and the NC.1071 with jet engines.
       The NC.1071 had enormous underwing engine nacelles, which also
       carried the tailfins. They were connected by a tailplane on top.
       The second prototype was abandoned after suffering structural
       damage in a flight to Mach 0.7.
       Type: NC.1071
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1948  Crew:   Engines: 2 * R.R. Nene
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
NC 1080, Aerocentre / SNCAC
       Shipboard fighter design. The NC 1080 was a clean low-wing jet
       fighter with swept wings and tail surfaces. Originally there was
       a complex system of flaps, but no ailerons. Later small ailerons
       were added. More modifications were later made to improve the
       flying characteristics. The NC 1080 was lost in a fatal crash in
       1950. One built.
       Type: NC 1080
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines:  1 * 23kN R.R. Nene
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 12.87m  Height: 4.70m  Wing Area: 28.4m2
       Empty Weight: 5141kg  Max.Weight: 7700kg
       Speed: 977km/h  Ceiling: 12700m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 1210kg
NH90, Eurocopter / NH Industries 
       Modern medium-size helicopter, developed by France, Germany,
       Italy and the Netherlands. The NH90 made its first flight in
       Devember 1995. It has an all-composite fuselage, and fly-by-wire
       controls. There will be naval (NFH) and tactical transport
       (TTH) versions. 
       Type: NH90
       Function: transport
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1370kW R.R.-Turbomeca RTM 322-01/9
       Rotor Span: 16.30m  Length: 19.56m  Height: 5.44m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 9100kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1200km
       Armament: 14-20 seats, 2500kg
Ni-140, Nieuport
       Two-seat shipboard monoplane fighter and dive bomber. The angular
       Ni-140 had a low-wing, inverted gull configuration with trousered
       landing gear. Two built. 
       Type: Ni-140
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xcrs
       Wing Span: 14.00m  Length: 9.57m  Height:   Wing Area: 26.82m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2476kg
       Speed: 330km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.5mm 200kg
Ni-160, Nieuport
       Fighter. See {LN 161}.
NiD-29, Nieuport-Delage
       Single-seat fighter, a two-bay biplane with a wooden monocoque
       fuselage. The NiD-29 was a manoeuvrable and sturdy aircraft that
       was built in large numbers for France, Japan, Argentina, Belgium,
       Italy, Spain and Sweden. The 29G had a rotary engine, but most
       versions had liquid-cooled in-line engines.
       Type: NiD-29
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza
       Wing Span: 9.50m  Length: 6.44m  Height: 2.66m  Wing Area: 27.00m2
       Empty Weight: 850kg  Max.Weight: 1190kg
       Speed: 237km/h  Ceiling: 8200m  Range: 480km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-37, Nieuport-Delage
       The NiD-37 was a shoulder-wing monoplane fighter, although the
       aerofoil fairing of the wheel axis made it technically a
       sesquiplane. The layout was similar to that of the Nieuport 31,
       but the detail design was very different. The NiD-37 had a
       wooden monocoque fuselage with curved lines everywhere. The
       NiD-37 was innovative in having a turbo-supercharger, but was
       overweight. One built.
       Type: NiD-37
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.80m  Length: 7.16m  Height: 2.97m  Wing Area: 26.80m2
       Empty Weight: 980kg  Max.Weight: 1420kg
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-42, Nieuport-Delage
       The NiD-42 was originally designed as a racing monoplane, but it was
       developed into a sesquiplane fighter, with the addition of a small
       wing. With its monocoque fuselage, and close-cowled engine the
       NiD-42 was extremely elegant. It was built in single-seat and
       two-seat versions. Relatively few were built, but a complex family
       of fighters was derived from it. 
       Type: NiD-42 C1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ha
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 29.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1379kg  Max.Weight: 1808kg
       Speed: 266km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 400km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
NiD-43, Nieuport-Delage
       Two-seat shipboard fighter. The NiD-43 was a biplane. As common
       in those days, the NiD-43 was designed for safe ditching: The
       mainwheels were covered by two small floats, which were only
       sufficient to keep the propellor clear of the water, and the aft
       fuselage was watertight. One built.
       Type: NiD-43
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 10.00m  Height: 3.85m  Wing Area: 44.30m2
       Empty Weight: 1680kg  Max.Weight: 2320kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h 30m
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
NiD-44, Nieuport-Delage
       Reengined development of the {NiD-42}, powered by a 450hp
       Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb engine. Level speed and climb performance
       were inferior. One built.
NiD-46, Nieuport-Delage
       Reengined development of the {NiD-42}, with a 500hp Hispano-Suiza
       12Gb engine of W-configuration. Level speed and climb performance
       were inferior. One built.
NiD-48, Nieuport-Delage (481)
       This was a s scaled-down, parasol monoplane development of the
       {NiD-42}, intended as a light fighter. Performance was not better
       than that of the {NiD-62}, which was already in production. Three
       built. The entire 1926 'Jockey' programme to develop light fighters
       was a failure.
       Type: NiD-48
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 400hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb
       Wing Span: 10.00m  Length: 6.40m  Height:   Wing Area: 18.38m2
       Empty Weight: 1032kg  Max.Weight: 1290kg
       Speed: 276km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1h 30m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-52, Nieuport-Delage
       Development of the {NiD-42}, similar to the {NiD-62} but with
       more metal construction parts. Some changes were made to wings
       and tailplane to improve the handling. The NiD-52 had a metal
       fuselage and wing construction. The NiD-52 was not accepted
       by France, but license-built in Spain.
       Type: NiD-52
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.64m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 27.75m2
       Empty Weight: 1360kg  Max.Weight: 1800kg
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-62, Nieuport-Delage  (622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 629)
       This was a development of the {NiD-42}, similar to the {NiD-52},
       but retaining the wooden construction of the NiD-42. France
       preferred the NiD-62 because of its lower cost. The NiD-62 was
       built in large numbers, despite nearing obsolesence. The NiD-622
       was modified to cure a tendency to enter a flat spin. There were
       also a number of derivatives with different engines. 675 built.
       Retired in 1932.
       Type: NiD-62b
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12 Md
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.63m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 29.10m2
       Empty Weight: 1318kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 900km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
       Type: NiD-622 C1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1930  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 580hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.63m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 27.41m2
       Empty Weight: 1378kg  Max.Weight: 1837kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling: 7700m  Range: 900km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-72, Nieuport-Delage
       This was a development of the {NiD-42} similar to the {NiD-52}, but
       with even more metal parts -- light alloy replaced the fabric wing
       skinning. Eight built.
       Type: NiD-72
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 26.30m2
       Empty Weight: 1210kg  Max.Weight: 1600kg
       Speed: 268km/h  Ceiling:   Range:  600km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-82, Nieuport-Delage
       Parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The NiD-82 had only a
       configurational similarity with the {NiD-42} series,
       although it was first flown as a sequiplane. The design
       was considered outdated; no production.
       Type: NiD-82
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1931  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Lorraine 12Ha Petrel
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 7.60m  Height:   Wing Area: 26.25m2
       Empty Weight: 1294kg  Max.Weight: 1600kg
       Speed: 281km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 520km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-121, Nieuport-Delage (122, 123, 125)
       All-metal parasol monoplane fighter, designed to a 1930 fighter
       requirement. The NiD-121 was powered by a Lorraine-Dietrich 12H,
       and the NiD-122 by a Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs. The low-wing Dewoitine
       {D.500} was selected for production. Six NiD-123s were ordered by
       Peru; these had interchangeable wheeled and float undercarriages.
       The final development was the NiD-125 with a 12Ycrs engine and
       a co-axial 20mm cannon, but this was abandoned in favour of the
       Dewoitine D.510. 
       Type: NiD-122
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 13.00m  Length: 7.12m  Height: 2.97m  Wing Area: 22.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1297kg  Max.Weight: 1730kg
       Speed: 363km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
NiD-140, Nieuport-Delage
       See {Ni-140}.
NiD-225, Nieuport-Delage
       Shoulder-wing monoplane fighter, developed in parallel with the
       NiD-125 version of the {NiD-121}. Two built.
NiD-580, Nieuport-Delage
       Parasol-wing monoplane, a two-seat reconaissance aircraft. Only
       two were built. They were powered by 485kW Hispano-Suiza 12NB
       engines, armed with four guns, and had a top speed of 265km/h.
Nieuport (Clerget 11E)
       An enlarged development of the {Nieuport 28} with a 200hp
       Clerget 11E engine. It did not enter production, and did not
       receive a designation.
       Type: Nieuport (Clerget 11E)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Clerget 11E
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 850kg
       Speed: 200km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Nieuport (Hispano-Suiza, 1916)
       This single-seat fighter biplane was built to compete with
       the SPAD {S.VII}. It did not receive a designation, because
       it was not adopted for production. Little is known about it,
       but photographs show a very clean, elegant aircraft. It was 
       powered by a 150hp Hispano-Suiza engine.
Nieuport (Hispano-Suiza, 1918)
       This was virtually identical to the {Nieuport (Lorraine-Dietrich)},
       apart from the engine. It was probably overtaken by the development
       of the Nieuport 29.
Nieuport (Lorraine-Dietrich)
       Biplane fighter, powered by a liquid-cooled in-line engine instead
       of the usual rotary engines of Nieuport fighters. A similar
       prototype had a Hispano-Suiza engine. No official designation was
       given. It did not enter production.
       Type: Nieuport (Lorraine-Dietrich)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 240hp 240hp Lorraine Dietrich 8Bb
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 535kg  Max.Weight: 850kg
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nieuport (Monococque)
       Biplane fighter with a monococque fuselage, externally similar to
       the {Nieuport 28}. Performance was disappointing. The type did not
       enter production and did not receive a designation. 
       Type: Nieuport (Monococque)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 170hp Le Rhone 9R
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 640kg
       Speed: 198km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.25hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Nieuport (Monoplane)
       This was a fighter monoplane. It had a braced shoulder wing and
       an aerofoil surface covering the wheel axis. The fuselage was
       of circular cross section. No production, and hence no official
       designation.
       Type: Nieuport (Monoplane)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Le Rhone 9R
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 17.50m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 703kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.0hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Nieuport (Triplane)
       This was a very unusual triplane; the middle wing was fitted ahead
       of the lower wing, just in front of the engine, and the upper wing
       was behind the pilot. The fuselage of a {Nieuport 17} or 17bis was
       used. Handling was bad and the aircraft never received a production
       designation. Two built.
       Type: Nieuport (Triplane)
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 8.01m  Length: 5.85m  Height: 2.26m  Wing Area: 13.30m2
       Empty Weight: 417kg  Max.Weight: 629kg
       Speed: 176km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Nieuport IV
       Monoplane, first flown in 1913. Some served with the Russian air
       force. 
Nieuport 10
       The Nieuport 10 sesquiplane was originally designed as a two-seater,
       but most were converted to single-seaters, with a Lewis gun on top
       of the upper wing. The Nieuport 10 served in France, Britain, Russia
       and Italy; it was licence-built in the latter two countries.
       Type: Nieuport 10
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1915  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome or Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 7.90m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 18.00m2
       Empty Weight: 410kg  Max.Weight: 660kg
       Speed: 146km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 11 Bebe
       The Nieuport 11 was a neat little sesquiplane with a Lewis gun on
       the upper wing, in fact a smaller development of the {Nieuport 10}.
       The Nieuport 11 was the first Allied fighter that was superior to
       the {Fokker E.III} Some were fitted with Le prieur rockets at the
       typical V-styles of the wing, for use against observation balloons.
       The Nieuport 11 was also built in Russia, Spain and the Netherlands,
       and copied by German designers.
       Type: Nieuport 11
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1915  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone 9C
       Wing Span: 7.52m  Length: 5.64m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 13.30m2
       Empty Weight: 320kg  Max.Weight: 480kg
       Speed: 156km/h  Ceiling: 4600m  Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 12
       Two-seat reconaissance biplane, a larger and more powerful
       development of the {Nieuport 10}. The Nieuport 12 was a good
       fighter. It served in substantial numbers and was also built
       by Beardmore in Britain. 
       Type: Nieuport 12
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1915  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 1 * 130hp Clerget 9B
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 155km/h  Ceiling: 4700m  Range:
       Armament: 1-2*mg
Nieuport 14
       Two-seat bomber biplane. The Nieuport 14 was quickly replaced.
       Type: 14
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 150hp Hispano-Suiza
       Speed: 109km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nieuport 16
       More powerful development of the {Nieuport 11} with a 110hp engine
       and sometimes a synchronized gun. Handling suffered becuase of the
       higher wing loading. Few were built, and the {Nieuport 17} quickly
       replaced them. 
       Type: 16
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J
       Wing Span: 7.52m  Length: 5.64m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 13.30m2
       Empty Weight: 375kg  Max.Weight: 550kg
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 17
       The 17 was basically a slightly enlarged, refined {Nieuport 11},
       sometimes fitted with a synchronized gun instead of the Lewis on
       the upper wing.It was the numerically most important French fighter
       until the introduction of the Spad {S.VII}; at some time it equipped
       every French fighter unit. It was also sold to Italy, Belgium,
       Russia, The Netherlands, Finland and the USA. The less successful
       17bis had a Clerget engine instead of the usual Le Rhone, and two
       guns; this had faired-in fuselage sides instead of the usual
       flat ones. There were also some experimental 17bis with unusual
       engine cowlings. 
       Type: Nieuport 17
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9Ja
       Wing Span: 8.16m  Length: 5.80m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 14.75m2
       Empty Weight: 375kg  Max.Weight: 560kg
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 250km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 18
       Single-seat sesquiplane fighter, possibly a development of the
       {Nieuport 11}. It was powered by a 80hp Le Rhone engine. No
       production.
Nieuport 20
       This was a version of the {Nieuport 12} powered by a 110hp Clerget
       engine. A small number was built for the Britsh RFC.
       Type: 20
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 110hp Clerget
       Wing Span: 9.00m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.70m  Wing Area: 22.00m2
       Empty Weight: 453kg  Max.Weight: 752kg
       Speed: 157km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nieuport 21
       Lower-powered development of the {Nieuport 17}, intended as a
       trainer but often used as a operational fighter. The British
       called it the 17B, but it should not be confused with the 17bis.
       Type: 21
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1	Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone 9C
       Wing Span: 8.16m  Length: 6.00m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 14.75m2
       Empty Weight: 320kg  Max.Weight: 495kg
       Speed: 150km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nieuport 23
       This was a development of the {Nieuport 17}, with minor
       modifications. It was most often armed with a synchronized
       Vickers gun. French units often had a mix of Nieuport 17
       and Nieuport 23 fighters.
       Type: Nieuport 23
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 120hp Le Rhone 9Jb
       Wing Span: 8.16m  Length: 5.80m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 14.75m2
       Empty Weight: 375km/h  Max.Weight: 560kg
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Nieuport 24
       This was a development of the {Nieuport 17} with redesigned
       wings and a new tail unit. The Nieuport 24 was little better
       than the 17, but was nevertheless ordered in quantity. The
       24bis, which entered service before the 24, retained the
       tail of the 17. 
       Type: 24
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 130hp Le Rhone 9Jb
       Wing Span: 8.21m  Length: 5.87m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 14.75m2
       Empty Weight: 355kg  Max.Weight: 547kg
       Speed: 176km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nieuport 25
       This was the ultimate development of the {Nieuport 17}. Few were
       built, because the engine was underdeveloped. This name is also
       sometimes applied, in error, to a derivative of the 17bis with an
       experimental engine cowling.
       Type: 25
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 200hp Clerget 11E
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 27
       Last development of the {Nieuport 17} series, a {Nieuport 24}
       with a few changes. The 27 could not compete with the latest
       fighters, but was nevertheless built in quantity. In October
       1917, it was ordered to withdraw all Nieuport fighters from
       frontline service. 
       Type: 27
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 130hp Le Rhone 9Jby
       Wing Span: 8.21m  Length: 5.87m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 14.75m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 535kg
       Speed: 172km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nieuport 28
       The earlier Nieuport fighters all had the same configuration of
       fuselage and wings, with V-styles and very narrow chord lower
       wings. In late 1917, this was obsolete. The 28 was a normal
       biplane with a fuselage of slender circular cross-section.
       It was not very reliable and underpowered, but the American
       expeditionary force bought large numbers because no other modern
       fighter aircraft were available. It was soon withdrawn from the
       frontline. 
       Type: 28
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N
       Wing Span: 8.16m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.50m  Wing Area: 16.00m2
       Empty Weight: 436kg  Max.Weight: 698kg
       Speed: 196km/h  Ceiling: 5180m  Range: 1h 30m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 29
       See {NiD-29}.
Nieuport 31
       Development of the earlier Nieuport monoplane prototypes; a
       shoulder-wing aircraft with a wide aerofoil section covering the
       landing gear. It did not enter production, despite good performance;
       probbaly because its rotary engine was obsolescent.
       Type: 31
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Le Rhone 9R
       Wing Span: 8.60m  Length: 6.60m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 18.00m2
       Empty Weight: 500kg  Max.Weight: 780kg
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Nieuport 32
       Shipboard derivative of the {Nieuport 29}G, fitted with a Le Rhone
       rotary engine. No production.
       Type: 32
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1920  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Le Rhone 9R
       Wing Span: 9.70m  Length: 6.70m  Height: 2.48m  Wing Area: 30.00m2
       Empty Weight: 603kg  Max.Weight: 857kg
       Speed: 194km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 4h
       Armament: 
Noratlas, Nord 2501
       This is a twin-boom transport aircraft, similar in layout to the
       Fairchild {C-119}. The Noratlas proved itself in more than 20 years
       of service with the air forces of France, Germany and Israel. 425
       were built.
       Type: 2501 Noratlas
       Function: transport
       Year: 1950  Crew: 5  Engines: 2 * 2040hp SNECMA Hercules 730
       Wing Span: 32.50m  Length: 21.95m  Height: 6.00m  Wing Area: 101.20m2
       Empty Weight: 13075kg  Max.Weight: 21000kg
       Speed: 440km/h  Ceiling: 7500m  Range: 2500km
       Load: 45 seats 8458kg
Nord 500
       Small experimental VTOL aircraft. The Nord 500 had a short, bulbous
       fuselage fitted with two enormous ducted fans; all aerofoils were
       within the airstream of the fans.
Nord 1000 (1001, 1002)
       This was a French-built version of the Messerschmitt {Bf 108} Taifun.
       The Nord 1001 had a Renault 6Q11 engine instead of the German Argus
       engine, and the 1002 had a cabin with four seats. About 250 were
       built, and used as liaison aircraft. 
Nord 1100 Ramier (1101, 1102)
       The was the French version of the Messerschmitt {Me 208}, a
       development of the {Bf 108} Taifun with a retractable tricycle
       undercarriage. About 200 were built.
       Type: 1101
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1946  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Renault 6Q10A 
       Wing Span: 15.70m  Length: 8.53m  Height: 3.25m  Wing Area: 17.37m2
       Empty Weight: 948kg  Max.Weight: 1645kg
       Speed: 305km/h  Ceiling: 5900m  Range: 1200km
       Load: 3 seats
Nord 1400
       See {N 1400}.
Nord 1750
       Experimental helicopter, Powered by a 400hp Turbomeca Artouste
       engine.
Nord 2200
       Shipboard jet fighter. The 2200 was a clean, but conventional
       design. It had an elliptical nose intake and a low-set wing with
       moderate sweep. But the 2200 was heavy and bulky, and the 
       performance was mediocre. Only one was built, without armament and
       naval equipment. 
       Type: 2200
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2268kg Hispano-Suiza Nene 102
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 13.50m  Height: 4.80m  Wing Area: 31.6m2
       Empty Weight: 4830kg  Max.Weight: 9690kg
       Speed: 815km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 3*g
Nord 2501
       See {Noratlas}.
Nord 3200 (3202)
       Piston-engined low-wing trainer.
       Type: 3202
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1959  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 260hp Potez 4D-32
       Speed: 260km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Nord 3400
       Two-seat high-wing liaison and observation aircraft. 147+ built.
       1958.
--O---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Omega, Aerospatiale TB31
       Turboprop-engined development of the {Epsilon}. The French air
       force selected the Embraer {Tucano} instead, and the Omega will
       probably not enter production. Apart from the engine change,
       the Omega is structurally reinforced, and equipped with
       ejection seats.
       Type: Omega
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1985  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 268kW Turbomeca Arrius 1-D
       Wing Span: 7.92m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 2.68m  Wing Area: 9.60m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1500kg
       Speed: 408km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
Ouragan, Dassault MD-450
       This was the first French jet-engined fighter to reach production.
       The Ouragan was a simple but elegant aircraft with a circular nose
       intake and straight wings. The thick wing limited performance. Over
       450 built. Some saw combat in Israeli service, others were sold to
       India. Israeli fighters were sold to El Salvador, and used until
       well into the 1980s. 
       Type: Ouragan
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2270kg Hispano-Suiza/R.R. Nene 104B
       Wing Span: 13.16m  Length: 10.74m  Height: 4.14m  Wing Area: 23.80m2
       Empty Weight: 4142kg  Max.Weight: 7900kg
       Speed: 940km/h  Ceiling: 13000m	Range: 920km
       Armament: 4*g20mm 2*454kg
--P---------------------------------------------------------------------------
P, Morane-Saulnier
       The P was a development of the type {L} parasol-wing monoplane. 
       565 built. There were also two single-seat fighter versions, one
       with the standard parasol wing and one with the wing lowered to the
       top of the fuselage. 
       Type: P
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 11.20m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 732kg
       Speed: 156km/h  Ceiling: 4876m  Range: 2h 30m
       Armament: 1-2*mg7.7mm
Paris, Morane-Saulnier MS.760
       Development of the {Fleuret}. The Paris was a twin-jet liaison
       aircraft. It was a straight-wing aircraft with a T-tail, and
       engines buried in the wing roots. 156 were built.
       Type: MS.760
       Function: liaison
       Year: 1958  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 400kg Turbomeca Marbore
       Wing Span: 10.15m  Length:   Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 18.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1945kg  Max.Weight: 3470kg
       Speed: 850km/h  Ceiling: 10000m  Range: 1500km
       Armament: 
Paul Schmitt 7
       Large bomber biplane, slow, vulnerable and obsolescent. Retired after
       a few months of service.
       Type: 7
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1917  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 265hp Renault
       Speed: 135km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
PC-7, Pilatus
       Five were ordered of the Swiss turboprop trainer, for use as chase
       aircraft. (The Embraer Tucano was selected as trainer.)
Pelican, Caudron C.510
       Light civil aircraft, impressed in 1939.
       Type: C.510
       Function: liaison / ambulance
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 100hp Renault 4Pei
       Speed: 177km/h  Ceiling: 4500m  Range:
       Load: 2-3 seats
Phalene, Caudron C.400 (410)
       Military version of the C.280-series Phalene light aircraft,
       that first flew in 1932. The C.400 was a high-wing cabin
       monoplane, powered by a 89kW Renault 4Pdi Bengali engine. Forty
       were bought by the Armee de l'Air, as liaison aircraft, ambulance
       and VIP transport. The C.410 had a 104kW Renault 4Pei engine.
       The last were retired in 1960.
       Type: C.282/8 Phalene (civil version)
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 108kW Renault 4Pdi Bengali
       Wing Span: 11.62m  Length: 8.25m  Height: 2.05m  Wing Area: 25.35m2
       Empty Weight: 550kg  Max.Weight: 1100kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling: 4500m  Range: 850km
       Load: 3 seats
Phanter, Aerospatiale
       Military designation of the {Dauphin}.
PL.2, Levasseur
       Carrier-borne torpedo bomber, a biplane powered by a 580hp
       Renault 12Ma engine. It entered service in 1926, but the
       engine was unreliable.
PL.4, Levasseur
       Shipboard attack biplane for the French Navy. Like shipboard
       aircraft of the period, it had a boat-shaped fuselage and
       flotation devices for emergency ditching. 
PL.5, Levasseur
       Two-seat biplane fighter for shipboard operations. The PL.5 had a
       waterthight wooden fuselage, a jettisonable undercarriage, and
       small floats attached to the wings, all intended for emergency
       ditching. Four prototypes and 20 series aircraft were built. 
       Type: PL.5 C2b
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich
       Wing Span: 12.40m  Length: 8.80m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 37.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1150kg  Max.Weight: 1800kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
PL.6, Levasseur
       Two-seat biplane fighter and reconaissance aircraft. Development
       when abandoned when the French air force cancelled its requirement
       for such an aircraft. One built.
       Type: PL.6
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.20m  Length: 8.75m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1350kg  Max.Weight: 2175kg
       Speed: 215km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 700km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
PL.7, Levasseur
       Long-range carrier-based torpedo-bomber. It was a biplane with a
       watertight fuselage. 41 were built. Some were still in service
       in 1939, altough they had been replaced by the {Vought 156F}.
       Type: PL.7
       Function: torpedo-bomber
       Year: 1926  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 600hp Hispano-Suiza 12Lbr
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling: 2875m  Range: 650km
       Armament:
PL.10, Levasseur
       See {PL.101}.
PL.14, Levasseur
       Torpedo-bomber and reconaissance floatplane. It was derived from
       the {PL.7}, but had a larger upper wing to support the additional
       weight of the floats. The PL.14 could also be flown with wheeled
       landing gear. 30 were built. 
       Type: PL.14
       Function: torpedo-bomber / reconaissance
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Nb
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling: 3250m  Range: 960km
       Armament:
PL.15, Levasseur (154)
       Reconaissance floatplane. The PL.154 was a land-based derivative,
       intended to replace the {PL.7}, but did not enter production. 
       Type: PL.15
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2-4  Engines: 1 * 650hp Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr
       Speed: 190km/h  Ceiling: 4000m  Range: 1500km
       Armament: 3*mg7.7mm 750kg
PL.101, Levasseur (10)
       The PL.10 and the improved PL.101 were carrier-borne reconaissance
       biplanes. 60 built.
       Type: PL.101
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1929  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 600hp Hispano-Suiza 12Lb
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling: 4200m  Range: 550km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
PL.151, Levasseur
       Redesigned {PL.15} with an 'inverted sesquiplane' wing.
PL.154, Levasseur
       {PL.15} with a wheeled undercarriage.
PL.200, Levasseur
       Monoplane seaplane, resembling in appearance the
       Savoia-Marchetti {S.55}, but single-engined.
       Type: PL.200
       Function: reconaissance
       Year:   Crew: 3	Engines: 1 * 750hp Hispano-Suiza
       Speed: 241km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
PL.201, Levasseur
       Improved {PL.200}.
Potez XI
       Two-seat biplane fighter, intended as interceptor, escort fighter
       and reconnaissance aircraft. The requirement demanded the use of a
       turbo-supercharger, but the latter was not yet acceptable, due to
       lack of suitable alloys. No production.
       Type: XI
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 370hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12D
       Wing Span: 12.70m  Length: 9.08m  Height:   Wing Area: 46.20m2
       Empty Weight: 1350kg  Max.Weight: 2000kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range:
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Potez 23
       Single-seat fighter, a wooden biplane. It was fundamentally
       similar to the {Potez 24}. One built.
       Type: Potez 23
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 400hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Db
       Wing Span: 10.50m  Length: 7.60m  Height: 3.12m  Wing Area: 32.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1115kg  Max.Weight: 1540kg
       Speed: 225km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Potez 24
       Two-seat army cooperation biplane. It provided the basis of
       the {Potez 25}. 
Potez 25
       Development of the {Potez 24}. The Potez 25 was a clean biplane.
       Nearly 4000 were built, as bomber and reconaissance aicraft but
       also as mailplanes. The Potez 25M was a parasol monoplane version,
       but did not enter production. 
       Type: 25A.2
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range: 500km
       Armament:
Potez 26
       This was a single-seat fighter version of the {Potez 25}. The
       Potez 26 was a wooden sesquiplane. Only one was built.
       Type: 26
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ha
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 8.00m  Height: 3.15m  Wing Area: 32.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1100kg  Max.Weight: 1550kg
       Speed: 250km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Potez 29
       Single-engined biplane, used as light transport and ambulance.
       It was a development of the {Potez 25} with a six-seat cabin.
       Approx were 150 built, of which 123 ambulance aircraft for the
       French air force. 
       Type: 29-2
       Function: transport
       Year: 1927  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling: 5200m  Range: 500km
       Load: 5 seats
Potez 31
       Two-seat parasol monoplane, developed from the Potez 25M, itself
       a monoplane version of the {Potez 25} biplane. The Potez 31 was
       intended as nightfighter and reconnaissance fighter. The two-seat
       fighter programme was abandoned. One built.
       Type: 31
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hisano-Suiza 12Mb
       Wing Span: 14.30m  Length: 9.50m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1270kg  Max.Weight: 2130kg
       Speed: 242km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm
Potez 32 (33)
       Observation and liaison aircraft, a parasol-wing type with fixed
       landing gear that used the fuselage of the {Potez 29}. The 32 was
       the civil version, the 33 the military development. 63 were built
       of the latter version, 45 of the model 32.
       Type: 33
       Function: observation and liaison
       Year: 1928  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9Ab
       Wing Span: 14.50m  Length: 10.15m  Height:   Wing Area: 35m2
       Empty Weight: 950kg  Max.Weight: 1750kg
       Speed: 190km/h  Ceiling: 4500m  Range: 700km
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm b
       Load: 4 seats
Potez 36
       Cabin monoplane, a high-wing design with folding wings and
       leading edge slats. About 300 were built, and some served as
       liaison aircraft in the French air force.
       Type: 36
       Function: utility
       Year: 1929  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 45kW Salmson 5Ac
       Wing Span: 10.45m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 2.45m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 427kg  Max.Weight: 650kg
       Speed: 150km/h  Ceiling: 3600m  Range: 500km
Potez 37
       Parasol-wing reconaissance fighter, developed in parallel with the
       {Potez 39}. It was powered by a 485kW Hispano-Suiza engine. The
       aft fuselage was a narrow boom, designed to give the aft gunner
       a wide arc of fire. Three were built.
Potez 39 (390, 391)
       High-wing observation monoplane, of mostly metal construction
       with corrugated skinning. It was related to the {Potez 37}, but
       had conventional fuselage. About 250 were built. A small number
       were still in service at the outbreak of WWII, but they were soon
       retired from combat roles.
       Type: 390 A2
       Function: observation
       Year: 1934  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 433kW Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 16.00m  Length: 10.00m  Height: 3.40m  Wing Area: 35m2
       Empty Weight: 1492kg  Max.Weight: 2650kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 700km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm 1*mg7.5mm 120kg
Potez 43 (431, 432, 434, 435, 438)
       Small monoplane, a refinement of the {Potez 36}. 161 were built,
       including a number of liaison aircraft for the Armee de l'Air.
       Type: 438
       Function: liaison
       Year:   Crew: 1	Engines: 1 * 120hp Renault 4 Pdi
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 7.65m  Height: 2.36m  Wing Area: 18m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 840kg
       Speed: 170km/h  Ceiling: 5000m  Range: 700km
       Load: 2 seats
Potez 54 (540, 541, 542, 543)
       The type 54 was intended as a multi-role aircraft, required to
       operate as bomber, reconaissance aircraft and heavy fighter. It
       was an ugly shoulder-wing aircraft with engines in nacelles
       under the wing. Over 270 were built.
       Type: 540
       Function: bomber / reconaissance
       Year: 1934  Crew: 4-5  Engines: 2 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xirs/Xjrs
       Wing Span: 22.10m  Length: 16.20m  Height: 3.88m  Wing Area: 76m2
       Empty Weight: 3785kg  Max.Weight: 5950kg
       Speed: 310km/h  Ceiling: 10000m	Range: 1200km
       Armament: 3*mg 1000kg
Potez 56 (560, 561, 565, 566, 567, 568)
       The 56 was designed as a twin-engined business aircraft. It had
       exceptionally clean lines. The type was used as light transport,
       trainer and target tug by the French. There was also a single 56E
       with a hook for carrier landings. 72 were built.
       Type: 560
       Function: light transport 
       Year:   Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 138kW Potez 9Ab
       Wing Span: 16.00m  Length: 11.84m  Height: 4.60m  Wing Area: 33m2
       Empty Weight: 1910kg  Max.Weight: 2980kg
       Speed: 270km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 650km
       Load: 6 seats
Potez 58 (580, 584, 585, 586)
       Cabin monoplane, the final development of the {Potez 36} and
       {Potez 43} series. The Potez 58 still had a high-set foldable
       wing, with leading edge slats. The French airforce bought 99
       Potez 585s.
       Type: 585
       Function: liaison / observation 
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 - 97kW Potez 6Ba
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 7.44m  Height: 2.36m  Wing Area: 19m2
       Empty Weight: 515kg  Max.Weight: 906kg
       Speed: 190km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 750km
       Load: 2 seats
Potez 63 (630, 631, 632, 633, 637, 63.11)
       Multi-role combat aircraft, a clean twin-engined low-wing monoplane.
       The 630 and 631 were fighters, the 633 an attack aircraft, and the
       63.11 a reconaissance aircraft. The latter type had a new, fully
       glazed nose. Over 1250 were built. The 63.11 was the most built
       model, with a production of more than 850. In 1940, the 630s were
       already being retired from the first line. The others too were
       close to obsolescence, and proved very vulnerable in 1940. 
       Type: 630
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 725hp Hispano-Suiza 14AB
       Wing Span: 16.00m  Length: 11.07m  Height: 3.04m  Wing Area: 32.70m2
       Empty Weight: 2808kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 440km/h  Ceiling: 10000m	Range: 1225km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg
       Type: 63.11
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1938  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 552kW Gnome-Rhone 14M04/05
       Wing Span: 16.00m  Length: 10.93m  Height: 3.08m  Wing Area: 32.70m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 425km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 1500km
       Armament: 3-11*mg7.5mm 4*b50kg
Potez 65 (650)
       This was a troop transport version of the Potez 62 airliner, a
       shoulder-wing aircraft with an elegantly shaped fuselage. 30
       were built.
       Type: 65
       Function: transport
       Year: 1935  Crew:   Engines: 2 * Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs 
       Wing Span: 22.45m  Length: 17.32m  Height: 3.90m  Wing Area: 76m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Load: 14 seats
Potez 75
       Twin-boom, pusher-propeller attack aircraft with fixed landing gear.
       1955. 
Potez 230
       This was a development of the {ANF-Mureaux 190}. The Potez 230
       was an all-metal light fighter monoplane. The armistice halted
       development. The Germans captured the prototype to examine the
       integral metal torsion-box of its wing. One built.
       Type: 230
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 670hp Hispano-Suiza
       Wing Span: 8.74m  Length: 757m  Height: 2.18m  Wing Area: 10.97m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 560km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1h 30m
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm
Potez 400 (402, 403)
       Type: 402
       Function: transport / ambulance
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 3 * 300hp Lorraine 'Algol'
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1140km
       Load: 8 seats
Potez 450 (452, 453)
       Single-engined flying boat, a catapult-launched shipboard aircraft.
       17 built. The 453 was a single-seat flying boat fighter derivative
       that did not enter production. 
       Type: 452
       Function: observation
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 350hp Hispano-Suiza 9Qd
       Speed: 217km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range:
       Armament: 1*mg7.5mm
       Type: 453
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1933  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 800hp Hispano-Suiza 14Hbs
       Wing Span: 11.20m  Length: 10.20m  Height:   Wing Area: 19.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1534kg  Max.Weight: 1937kg
       Speed: 318km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 540km
       Armament: 2*mg7.5mm
Potez 540 (54, 541, 542, 543)
       See {Potez 54}.
Potez 650
       See {Potez 65}.
Potez 670 (671)
       The Potez 670 was a twin-engined, three-seat fighter, a clean
       monoplane with an elliptical wing and twin tail fins. Development
       was halted by the French defeat in 1940. 
       Type: 670
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 800hp Hispano-Suiza 14AB 12/13
       Wing Span: 15.10m  Length: 10.80m  Height: 3.27m  Wing Area: 32.50m2
       Empty Weight: 3186kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 500km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2000km
       Armament:
Potez-C.A.M.S. 141
       Long-range reconaissance flying boat. The long-span wing was carried
       on top of a streamlined pylon. Tests were successful, but the
       outbreak of WWII prevented production. One built.
       Type: 141
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1938  Crew: 9-12  Engines: 1 * 930hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y 26/27
       Wing Span: 41m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 320km/h  Ceiling: 5600m  Range: 2400km
       Armament: 6*mg7.5mm 1500kg
Provence, Breguet Br 761 (763, 765)
       The air force ordered 15 of the military Br 765 {Sahara} version
       of this transport aircraft, but also accepted six Br 763s from
       Air France. The Provence was a big four-engined transport with
       a deep, two-deck fuselage and twin tail fins.
       Type: Br 763
       Function: transport
       Year: 1951  Crew: 4  Engines: 4 * 1765kW P&W R-2800-CA18 Double Wasp
       Wing Span: 42.99m  Length: 28.94m  Height: 9.55m  Wing Area:  185.4m2
       Empty Weight: 32535kg  Max.Weight:  51600kg
       Speed: 390km/h  Ceiling: 7315m  Range: 2290km.
       Load: 107 seats.
PS 194X, Paul Schmitt
       Seaplane. Large orders were cancelled after the 1918 armistice.
       Type: PS 194X
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1918  Crew: 3  Engines:  * Liberty
       Speed: 195km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3h 45m
       Armament: 3*mg
Puma, Aerospatiale SA 300, 330
       Twin-engined medium-size transport and utility helicopter. The
       Puma is a popular type, in service with the armed forces of 40
       countries. It has also been built by the British Westland, and
       the Rumanian IAR, and the Indonesian IPTN. It has now been
       replaced on the production lines by the {Super Puma}. About
       700 built.
       Type: SA 330J Puma
       Function: transport
       Year: 1973  Crew:   Engines: 2 * 1175kW Turbomeca Turmo IVC
       Rotor Span:   Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 258km/h  Ceiling: 4800m  Range: 550km
       Armament:
--Q---------------------------------------------------------------------------
--R---------------------------------------------------------------------------
R 1, Rey
       Elegant twin-engined test aircraft. Two were built. The outer
       wing panels of the R 1 were articulated at the engine nacelles.
       This was intended to reduce the effects of turbulence. First
       flown in 1949. Two 220hp Renault 6G engines.
R-2, Romano
       Observation biplane, a seaplane powered by a 60kW Le Rhone engine.
R-3, Romano
       Development of the R-2 with a 134kW Hispano-Suiza 8Ab engine. 1924.
R.4, Caudron
       Bomber, mostly used as reconaissance aircraft. 249 built.
       Type: R.4
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1915  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 97kW Renault 12Db
       Wing Span: 21.10m  Length: 11.80m  Height:   Wing Area: 70m2
       Empty Weight: 1710kg  Max.Weight: 2330kg
       Speed: 136km/h  Ceiling: 4600m  Range: 3h
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm 100kg
R-4, Romano
       Development of the {R-3}, powered by a 170kW Salmson 9Ab engine.
       1927.
R-5, Romano
       Reconaissance flying boat, an all-metal parasol-wing aircraft.
       Did not enter production.
       Type: R-5
       Function: reconaissance 
       Year: 1932  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 485kW Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg 200kg
R.11, Caudron
       Twin-engined biplane bomber. The R.11 was smaller and lighter than
       the {R.4}, but it was not very suitable as a bomber. It was used as
       an escort aircraft, with considerable success.
       Type: R.11
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1918  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8B
       Wing Span: 17.92m  Length: 16.97m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 54.25m2
       Empty Weight: 1422kg  Max.Weight: 2167kg
       Speed: 183km/h  Ceiling: 5950m  Range: 3h
       Armament: 5*mg7.7mm 120kg
R.12, Caudron
       Development of the {R.11} with 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb engines.
       No further development. 1919.
R.14, Caudron
       Three-seat escort fighter, similar to the {R.11} but more powerful
       and with increased wing span. Only one was completed, in 1918.
       Type: R.14
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb 
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 63.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1747kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g37mm 2*mg7.7mm
R-16, Romano (160, 162)
       Designed as a three-seat aircraft for service in the colonies.
       One built.
       Type: R-160
       Function: utility
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 3 * 224kW Lorraine 9Na Algol
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
R.80, Romano
       Biplane trainer. After two prototypes, the design was modified to
       become the {R.82}.
R.82, Romano
       Two-seat trainer developed from the {R.80}. 177 were built, most
       for the Armee de l'Air and the Aeronavale.
       Type: R.82
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1937  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 210kW Salmson 9Ab
       Wing Span: 9.88m  Length: 7.82m  Height: 3.34m  Wing Area: 23.72m2
       Empty Weight: 918kg  Max.Weight: 1328kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling: 6500m  Range: 660km
R.83, Romano
       This was a clandestine land-based development of the {R.90},
       intended for the Spanish Republican government. The designation
       R.83 was applied to create the impression that it was only a
       development of the {R.82} trainer. The aircraft were assembled
       in Belgium, and delivered to Spain with a 280hp Salmson engine
       for the flight. The higher-powered Wasp Junior engine was
       installed there. Six built.
       Type: R.83
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp P&W R-985 Wasp Junior
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
R.90, Romano
       Biplane fighter seaplane, of mixed construction and with a gulled
       upper wing. Despite extensive changes and re-engining, the R.90
       failed to attract orders. However, two land-based developments, the
       {R.83} and {R.92}, were ordered by Spain. 
       Type: R.90
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Hispano-Suiza 14Hbrs
       Wing Span: 8.88m  Length: 8.67m  Height: 3.93m  Wing Area: 21.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1642kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 368km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 650km
       Armament:
R.92, Romano
       This was also a development of the {R.90} for the Spanish
       Republican government. A liquid-cooled Hispano-Suiza engine
       was installed, and some structural reinforcement done. The
       R.92 was pretended to be a sports aircraft and tested in
       secret. One built.
       Type: R.92
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1	Engines: 1 * 900hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs-1
       Wing Span:   Length: 7.63m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*g20mm
R.110, Romano
       The R.110 was a three-seat fighter, originally intended as flying
       command post for single-seat fighters. Later it was also intended
       to act as a heavy interceptor. The R.110 had double stepped cockpit,
       with a cockpit for the aircraft commander above and behind that of
       the pilot. One built.
       Type: R.110
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1938  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 450hp Renault 12 Ro 2/3
       Wing Span: 12.80m  Length: 9.66m  Height: 3.37m  Wing Area: 24.00m2
       Empty Weight: 2165kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 470km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1280km
       Armament: 2*g20mm 1*mg7.5mm
R.120, Romano
       Medium bomber, an all-metal low-wing monoplane. Prototype only.
       Type: R.120
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 4  Engines: 2 * 730kW Hispano-Suiza 14A 08/09
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 520km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g20mm 3*mg
R.130, Romano
       Design for a biplane fighter with retractable landing gear. Not
       built.
Rafale, Dassault-Breguet
       French next-generation fighter. France decided to developed
       its own fighter, rejecting the European EFA as too heavy
       for carrier use and too costly for export. Rafale is also a
       canarded delta, but has less angular lines than EFA. Extensive
       use was made of composite materials. Rafale A was the prototype,
       Rafale B is the two-seat version, Rafale C the single-seater, 
       and Rafale M carrier fighter version. Four prototypes were flying
       in early 1997. Orders for 272 production aircraft for the French
       armed forces are expected. 
       the , the 
       Type: Rafale C
       Function: fighter
       Year: (1996)  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 7500kg SNECMA M88-2
       Wing Span: 10.90m  Length: 15.30m  Height: 5.34m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 9060kg  Max.Weight: 19500kg
       Speed: M2  Ceiling: 18290m  Range: 1853km
       Armament: 1*g30mm 8000kg
Rallye, Socata
       Low-wing cabin monoplane, built in large numbers for the
       civilian market, but some are in military service.
Rayack 43
       Named for the airfield on which it was built and the year of
       construction, this was a two-seat low-wing monoplane trainer
       based roughly on the Caudron C.600 {Aiglon}. It was intended
       to train the Free French air force, but only one was ever
       completed.
       Type: Rayack 43
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1944  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 130hp de Havilland Gipsy Major
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
Republique, Lebaudy
       Dirigible, used by the French army on its 1908 manoeuvres.
REP
       Parasol monoplane, built by Robert Esnault Pelterie.
Roussel 30
       Single-seat lightweight fighter, an all-metal low-wing monoplane.
       Development was halted by the German attack in 1940. One built.
       Type: 30
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Gnome-Rhone 14M7
       Wing Span: 7.75m  Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 10.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1030kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 520km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h
       Armament: 2*g20mm 250kg
--S---------------------------------------------------------------------------
S.VII, Spad
       The Spad S.VII was a clean, very sturdy biplane fighter that finally
       equipped most French, Italian, American and Belgian fighter units,
       as well as being sold to many other countries after WWI. It was the
       most important French fighter of WWI. The S.VII was fast, especially
       in climb and dive, and a very stable gunnery platform. Over 3500
       built.
       Type: S.VII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ab
       Wing Span: 7.82m  Length: 6.08m  Height: 2.20m  Wing Area: 17.85m2
       Empty Weight: 500kg  Max.Weight: 705kg
       Speed: 212km/h  Ceiling: 6650m  Range: 1hr 30min
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
S.10, SIPA
       Post-war production in France of the German Arado {Ar 396} monoplane
       trainer. 28 built.
S.11, SIPA
       Version of the {S.10} powered by the Renault 125 S-12-SO2-3H engine,
       which was a copy of the German Argus As 411. 50 built.
S.XI, Spad
       Two-seat reconaissance aircraft. The S.XI had a similar but longer
       fuselage than the {S.VII} and staggered wings. Because of stability
       and engine problems it was unsuitable as a fighter, and was used
       as a reconnaissance aircraft. One was built as a night fighter
       with a searchflight fitted in front of the propellor. Over 1000
       built.
       Type: S.XI
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 235hp Hispano-Suiza 8
       Wing Span: 11.21m  Length: 7.84m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 30.00m2
       Empty Weight: 679kg  Max.Weight: 1035kg
       Speed: 176km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 2h 15m
       Armament: 2-3*mg 70kg
S.12, SIPA
       All-metal development of the {S.11}.
S.XII, Spad
       This was a development of the {S.VII}, asked for by Guynemer, with
       a 37mm cannon firing through the hollow propeller shaft. It was a
       single-shot weapon, so that only very skilled fighter pilots had
       any hope of hitting something. 300 were ordered, but very few
       entered service.
       Type: S.XII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8CB
       Wing Span: 8.00m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.55m  Wing Area: 20.20m2
       Empty Weight: 587kg  Max.Weight: 883kg
       Speed: 203km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1h 45m
       Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm
S.XIII, Spad
       This fighter was based on the {S.VII}, but it was larger, more
       refined and far more powerful. The S.XIII was a good gun platform,
       fast, sturdy and powerful, but it was not easy to fly and the
       engine was not entirely satisfactory. About 7300 built.
       Type: S.XIII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8 Bc
       Wing Span: 8.25m  Length: 6.25m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 20.20m2
       Empty Weight: 601kg  Max.Weight: 856kg
       Speed: 218km/h  Ceiling: 6550m  Range: 1h 40m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.XIV, Spad
       Development of the {S.XII} as twin-float seaplane fighter. 40 were
       built. They were fast but the single-shot 37mm cannon was not an
       effective weapon.
       Type: S.XIV
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8Bc
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 7.40m  Height: 4.00m  Wing Area: 26.20m2
       Empty Weight: 770kg  Max.Weight: 1060kg
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 1*g37mm 1*mg7.7mm
S.XV, Spad
       This fighter was very different from earlier SPAD fighters. It was
       a small single-seat biplane with a wooden monococque fuselage,
       powered by a rotary engine. The S.XV was not a success. No
       production.
       Type: S.XV
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1917  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 160hp Gnome Monosoupape
       Wing Span: 7.10m  Length: 5.35m  Height: 2.30m  Wing Area: 17.50m2
       Empty Weight: 368kg  Max.Weight: 625kg
       Speed: 199km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h 30m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.XVII, Spad
       Development of the {S.XIII}. The S.XVII was reinforced and had a
       roomier fuselage. A 300hp engine was installed. Only 20 were built.
       Type: S.XVII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 8.08m  Length: 6.25m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 20.00m2
       Empty Weight: 640kg  Max.Weight: 900kg
       Speed: 217km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1h 15m
       Armament: 
S.XVIII, Spad
       The S.XVIII had a monocoque fuselage and I-struts. It was intended
       for the 37mm cannon firing throught the propeller shaft, and had a
       300hp Hispano-Suiza 8G engine. The project was abandoned when the
       engine ran into devlopment problems. The S.XVIII prototype was
       completed as the S.XX.
S.XX, Spad
       Redesign of the {S.XVIII} with twin 7.7mm guns and the HS 8Fb
       engine. It retained the monocoque fuselage and single-bay biplane
       wings with I-struts. The S.XX had provision for two crew members,
       but was intended to be flown as a single-seater in combat, similar
       to the tactics adopted by the British Bristol {F.2}B 'Brisfit'.
       Large orders were placed, but production was cut short by the end
       of WWI at 95 built. The S.XX then became a succesfull racing
       aircraft.
       Type: S.XX
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1-2  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.72m  Length: 7.3m  Height: 2.8m  Wing Area: 30m2
       Empty Weight: 867kg  Max.Weight: 1306kg
       Speed: 229km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 400km
       Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm
S.XXI, Spad
       This fighter was similar to the {S.XVII}, but with small changes
       to the wings. Most important, it had ailerons on all four wings.
       No production.
       Type: S.XXI
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 8.44m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.42m  Wing Area: 23.50m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 221km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1h 40m
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.XXII, Spad
       The {S.VII} and its developments had restricted vision from the
       cockpit. The S.XII was an attempt to cure this by using a
       sweptback upper wing and a forward swept lower wing, so that
       the trailing edge of the upper wing was ahead of the cockpit
       instead of over it, and the leading edge of the lower wing only
       just before the cockpit. No production.
       Type: S.XXII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1919  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 8.08m  Length: 6.25m  Height:   Wing Area: 20.20m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.XXIV, Spad
       Essentially a wheeled version of the {S.XIV}, intended as a
       carrier-based fighter. It was abandoned because, in 1918,
       the basic aircraft was already outdated.
       Type: S.XXIV
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8Bc
       Wing Span: 9.80m  Length: 6.48m  Height: 2.56m  Wing Area: 26.20m2
       Empty Weight: 650kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
S.31, Spad
       This was two-seat fighter floatplane, based on the {S.XX}.
       One built, sold to Japan in 1921.
S.34, Bleriot-SPAD
       Biplane trainer, powered by a 80hp Le Rhone rotary engine. 150
       were built. 1920.
S.41, Bleriot-SPAD
       Single-seat derivative of the SPAD {S.XX}. The S.41 had a bulky,
       rotund fuselage of wooden monococque fuselage. The S.41 was not
       ordered, because of disappointing performance. One built.
       Type: S.41
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1922  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 8.68m  Length: 6.65m  Height: 2.76m  Wing Area: 26.40m2
       Empty Weight: 887kg  Max.Weight: 1307kg
       Speed: 238km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
S.51, Bleriot-SPAD
       Biplane fighter, in many aspects similar to the {S.41}, but
       powered by a radial engine. Small numbers were built, including
       51 for Turkey and one for the USSR. 64 built.
       Type: S.51
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * Gnome-Rhone Jupiter IV
       Wing Span: 8.47m  Length: 6.45m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 24.27m2
       Empty Weight: 990kg  Max.Weight: 1360kg
       Speed: 230km/h  Ceiling: 9000m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.60, Bleriot-SPAD
       Two-seat biplane fighter. Abandoned in favour of the {S.70}.
       Type: S.60
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9Ab
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 6.88m  Height: 3.21m  Wing Area: 36.60m2
       Empty Weight: 1224kg  Max.Weight: 1803kg
       Speed: 209km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
S.61, Bleriot-SPAD
       Biplane fighter. As earlier SPAD fighters, the S.61 had a wooden
       monococque fuselage, but it was a new design. Poland ordered 250
       and license-built 30 more, Romania ordered 100. There was also a
       series of experimental versions, but these were not ordered. 
       Type: S.61-2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich LO 12Ew
       Wing Span: 9.57m  Length: 6.98m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 29.30m2
       Empty Weight: 1055kg  Max.Weight: 1565kg
       Speed: 227km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.70, Bleriot-SPAD
       Two-seat biplane fighter, a modification of the second and third
       prototypes of the {S.60}. Performance was still disappointing.
       Two built.
       Type: S.70
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 
       Wing Span: 11.30m  Length: 7.50m  Height: 3.21m  Wing Area: 36.60m2
       Empty Weight: 1331kg  Max.Weight: 1893kg
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 
S.71, Bleriot-SPAD
       Single-seat derivative of the SPAD {S.XX}, designed for Spain. It
       was not ordered.
       Type: S.71
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.72m  Length: 7.30m  Height: 2.80m  Wing Area: 30.0m2
       Empty Weight: 867kg  Max.Weight: 1306kg
       Speed: 237km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.81, Spad
       Biplane fighter, of typical SPAD construction with a wooden
       monocoque fuselage and metal wings. 80 built for the Armee de l'Air,
       plus four prototypes.
       Type: S.81
       Function: fightyer
       Year: 1924  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.61m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 30.00m2
       Empty Weight: 846kg  Max.Weight: 1266kg
       Speed: 240km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 500km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.91, Bleriot-SPAD
       Lightweight biplane fighter, an idea which was later abandoned by
       the French air force. Development nevertheless continued, and the
       last prototype had shortened upper wings. Three built.
       Type: S.91-1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 8.65m  Length: 6.52m  Height: 2.94m  Wing Area: 20.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1161kg  Max.Weight: 1465kg
       Speed: 278km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 400km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
S.111, SIPA
       Upgraded {S.11}.
S.121, SIPA
       Upgraded {S.12}.
S.510, Spad
       The last French biplane fighter, that served in small numbers in
       Spain and briefly during the beginning of WWII. The S.510 was a
       relatively clean biplane, but had fixed landing gear and an open
       cockpit. Fuel system and undercarriage were weak. It was relegated
       to second-line service on the outbreak of WWII. 61 built.
       Type: S.510
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1935  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 690hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs
       Wing Span: 8.84m  Length: 7.46m	Height: 3.41m  Wing Area: 22m2
       Empty Weight: 1250kg  Max.Weight: 1677kg
       Speed: 372km/h  Ceiling: 10500m	Range: 875km
       Armament: 4*mg7.5mm
S.710, Spad
       Last Spad fighter, an all-metal single-seat biplane. The S.710
       featured a closed cockpit and retractable landing gear, but despite
       these advanced features it was clearly obsolete. Only one built.
       Type: S.710
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1937  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs
       Wing Span: 8.84m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 22.0m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 470km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 1*g20mm 5*mg7.5mm
S.1100, SIPA
       The S.1100 was a twin-engined attack aircraft, apparently
       designed for a COIN-role in Algeria. It had excellent flying
       characteristics, but a modest performance. Characteristic
       was the extensive transparent panelling of the bulged nose.
       Two were built. 
       Type: S.1100
       Function: attack
       Year: 1958  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * P&W Wasp
       Wing Span: 14.78m  Length: 11.29m  Height: 3.70m  Wing Area: 42.08m2
       Empty Weight: 4000kg  Max.Weight: 6200kg
       Speed: 380km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2000km
       Armament: 
SA.1, Spad
       One proposed solution for the fitting of a forward-firing gun to
       a tractor aircraft was fitting a nacelle for the gunner in front
       of the propellor. This was not a very good idea: Communication
       between pilot and gunner was nearly impossible, and the gunner
       was in danger of being hit by the propellor or crushed by the
       engine if the aircraft nosed over during landing. Otherwise the
       SA.1 was a conventional biplane. Very few were built.
       Type: SA.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 9.55m  Length: 7.29m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 25.36m2
       Empty Weight: 421kg  Max.Weight: 708kg
       Speed: 135km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h 45m
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
SA.2, Spad
       Reengined development of the {SA.1}, with an identical gun pulpit
       installation. About 100 were built, but over half were delivered
       to Russia and the rest did not see much use.
       Type: SA.2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1915  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 9.55m  Length: 7.85m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 25.36m2
       Empty Weight: 414kg  Max.Weight: 674kg
       Speed: 140km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
SA.3, Spad
       The SA.3 was of identical concept as the {SA.1} and {SA.2}, with a
       gunner in a small nacelle fitted in front of the propellor. But
       the pilot was now also provided with a gun on a flexible mounting,
       and the SA.3 could be piloted from either cockpit! One built. 
       Type: SA.3
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
SA.4, Spad
       Russia had bought more than half of the {SA.2}s, and despite the
       bad concept and obsolence of the type, the SA.4 was developed for
       Russia. Only 10 were built.
       Type: SA.4
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span: 9.55m  Length: 7.85m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 154km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2.5hrs
       Armament: 1*mg7.7mm
SAB 1
       Single-seat fighter biplane. The SAB 1 was designed by Louis
       Bechereau, the designer of the SPAD fighters. It was a rather
       corpulent aircraft, with a ring-shaped radiator for its liquid-
       cooled Hispano-Suiza engine. The Nieuport {NiD-29} was preferred. 
       Five built.
       Type: 1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 9.30m  Length: 6.90m  Height: 2.55m  Wing Area: 28.90m2
       Empty Weight: 783kg  Max.Weight: 1122kg
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Sahara, Breguet Br 765
       Military version of the Breguet Br.761/763 {Provence}, a
       four-engined transport aircraft with a deep, two-deck fuselage.
       15 built.
Salmson 2
       Fast, well-armed and sturdy reconaissance biplane, the best French
       reconaissance aircraft of WWI. It was also used as bomber and attack
       aircraft. Over 3200 were built, including 705 for the USA. 
       Type: 2
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 260hp Salmson
       Wing Span: 11.80m  Length: 8.50m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 1340kg
       Speed: 185km/h  Ceiling: 6250m  Range: 3hrs
       Armament: 2-3*mg7.7mm
Salmson 3
       Single-seat fighter biplane, powered by the Salmson water-cooled
       radial engine. It was not accepted by the air force, because
       visibility was bad and it was fatiguing to fly. Development
       continued until the end of the war, with the installation of
       more powerful engined. 
       Type: Salmson 3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 230hp Salmson 9Za
       Wing Span: 9.85m  Length: 6.40m  Height: 2.48m  Wing Area: 23.94m2
       Empty Weight: 697kg  Max.Weight: 1027kg
       Speed: 215km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Salmson-Bechereau 5
       Two-seat fighter, a shoulder-wing monoplane with a lot of very
       robust struts. Handling was unsatisfactory and the type was
       redesigned, becoming the {Salmson-Bechereau 6}. 
       Type: 5
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 520hp Salmson 18Cmb
       Wing Span: 14.00m  Length: 10.00m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1385kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 223km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 600km
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Salmson-Bechereau 6
       Modified {Salmson-Bechereau 5}. Performance was insufficient; no
       production.
       Type: 6
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 520hp Salmson 18Cmb
       Wing Span: 14.60m  Length: 9.70m  Height: 3.00m  Wing Area: 35.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1558kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Salmson-Bechereau 7
       Project for a navalized version of the {Salmson-Bechereau 6}. Not
       built. 
SB2C Helldiver, Curtiss
       The Curtiss {SB2C} was an US-built dive bomber. It was used by
       the French in the war in Indochina.
SBC, Curtiss CW 77F
       The Curtiss {SBC} was a biplane dive-bomber. They were delivered
       just before the defeat of 1940, and they were subsequently dumped
       and let to rot in the French West Indies.
SCAN 20
       Small flying boat, intended for training. It was a shoulder-wing
       aircraft with a pusher engine on top of the fuselage, and twin
       tailfins. First flight was postponed by WWII to 1945. 23 were
       delivered to the Aeronavale.
       Type: 20
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1945  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 208kW Salmson 8.AS.00
       Wing Span: 15.00m  Length: 11.95m  Height: 3.62m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 1805kg  Max.Weight: 2500kg
       Speed: 220km/h  Ceiling: 5500m  Range: 600km
       Load: 2 seats
S.E.A. 4
       Two-seat fighter-reconaissance aircraft, an angular two-bay biplane. 
       1000 were ordered, but the end of WWI cut production back to 115
       plus 25 passenger aircraft conversions. 
       Type: 4
       Function: reconaissance / fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 370hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Da
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 8.50m  Height: 3.10m  Wing Area: 37.50m2
       Empty Weight: 1002kg  Max.Weight: 1543kg
       Speed: 206km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 2h 15m
       Armament:
SE 100, Sud-Est (101, 102)
       Twin-engined fighter, intended as a replacement for the {Potez 63}1.
       The SE 100 had a relatively short and deep, but well streamlined
       fuselage, that allowed for a rear gunner to sit at the leading
       edge of the low-set tailplane. The base of the twin tailfins
       contained retractable wheels, that were combined with a single
       nose wheel. An armament of seven 20mm cannon was planned for the
       second prototype, but this was not completed due to the defeat
       of 1940. The proposed SE 101 and SE 102 would have had different
       engines. 
       Type: SE 100
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1939  Crew: 2-3  Engines: 2 * 1030hp Gnome-Rhone 14N
       Wing Span: 15.70m  Length: 11.80m  Height: 4.28m  Wing Area: 33.06m2
       Empty Weight: 5520kg  Max.Weight: 7500kg
       Speed: 580km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1300km
       Armament: 5*g20mm
SE.200, SNCASE
       See {LeO H.49}. 
SE 201 Aquilon, Sud-Est (202, 203, 204)
       See {Aquilon}.
SE 212 Durandal, Sud-Est
       See {Durandal}.
SE 530 Mistral, Sud-Est (532, 535)
       See {Mistral}.
SE 700, Sud-Est
       Compound helicopter or autogiro. The SE.700 had a streamlined
       aircraft-like fuselage, with a tractor propellor and a rotor.
       Type: SE 700
       Function: experimental
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 350hp Bearn 6 DO 5
       Speed: 165mph  Ceiling:	 Range: 410mls
SE 1010, Sud-Est
       Four-engined high-altitude photography aircraft. The prototype
       was lost when it entered a flat spin.
       Type: SE 1010
       Function: photo-recce
       Year: 1948  Crew:   Engines: 4 *
       Speed:	Ceiling: 10000m  Range: 6000km
       Armament:
SE 1800, SNCASE
       Design for a jet-engined tailless aircraft, capable of flying at
       1000km/h. Not built.
SE 2100, SNCASE
       Small tailless research aircraft, powered by a 140hp Renault 4Pei
       Bengali pusher engine. The SE 2100 was designed during WWII and
       first flown in 1945.
SE 2410 Grognard, Sud-Est
       See {Grognard}. 
SE 3000, Sud-Est
       Improved version of the German Focke-Achelis {Fa 223} Drache
       twin-rotor transport helicopter. Remained experimental.
SE 3100, Sud-Est
       Design for a twin-engined transport helicopter. The SE 3100
       was a goodlooking design, with a deep fuselage, a large three-
       bladed main rotor and twin tail rotors. This very ambitious
       project was canceled in 1948 because its estimated payload
       was too low. 
SE 3101, Sud-Est
       Experimental helicopter. The SE 3101 was little more than an
       open, tubular frame with an engine and a seat for the pilot. 
       Like the {SE 3100} for which it was a systems demonstration
       vehicle, it had a single main rotor (taken from the German
       {Fa 61}) and twin, angled tail rotors. Its performance was
       very modest. One built.
       Type: SE 3101
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1948  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 90hp Mathis 4G20
       Rotor Span: 7.50m  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight: 420kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 120km/h  Ceiling: 3100m  Range: 80km
       Armament: 
SE 3110, Sud-Est
       Experimental helicopter. The SE-3110 had an egg-shaped fuselage
       and a slender tail boom. Like the {SE 3101} it had twin, angled
       tail rotors. The SE 3110 only flew a few centimeters above the
       ground before it crashed. One built.
       Type: SE 3110
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 200hp Salmson 9Nh
       Rotor Span: 12.00m  Length:   Height:   Disc Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
SE 3120 Alouette, Sud-Est 
       This was an "agricultural" development of the {SE 3110}, with a
       much simpler steel tube fuselage and a single tail rotor. See
       {Alouette}.
SE 5000 Baroudeur, Sud-Est (5003)
       See {Baroudeur}.
SFAN 11
       The SFAN 11 was a two-seat high-wing observation and liaison
       aircraft, first flown in 1940. Test flying was interrupted and
       halted by the German occupation. One built.
       Type: SFAN 11 L2
       Function: observation / liaison
       Year: 1940  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 220hp Renault 6Q
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
SG.1, Spad
       This single-seat fighter was a conceptual development of the
       {SA.1} series. It was still a tractor biplane with a large
       nacelle in front of the propellor, but there was no gunner
       in it. The nacelle contained a fixed, remotely-controlled gun
       and 1000 rounds of ammunition. One built.
       Type: SG.1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 18.58m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 161km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
SH.1, Spad
       Renamed {S.VII}.
S.I.M.B.
       See Bernard.
Simoun, Caudron-Renault C.630 (631, 633, 634, 635)
       A small-low wing sports aircraft with fixed landing gear. The Simoun
       made itself well known by long-distance flights. 129 were built for
       the military and 70 for civil customers.
       Type: C.635M Simoun
       Function: utility / liaison / trainer
       Year: 1934  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 180hp Renault Bengali 6Q-09
       Wing Span: 10.40m  Length: 9.10m  Height: 2.30m  Wing Area: 16m2
       Empty Weight: 755kg  Max.Weight: 1380kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 6000m  Range: 1500km
       Load: 150kg, 3 seats
Skymaster, Reims-Cessna FTB-337
       Reims license-builds Cessna aircraft. A military version of
       the Cessna 337, in US military service known as the {O-2}, was
       also developed. 
S.M.1, Salmson-Moineau
       Reconaissance biplane. The engine was buried in the fuselage, and 
       long shafts were used to drive two propellors between the wings. 
       Production is not known accurately; serials up to 124 have been 
       assigned. Its service life was brief. About 50 were offered to 
       Britain, but the RFC refused them. 
       Type: S.M.1
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1917  Crew: 3  Engines: 1 * 160hp Salmson P.9
       Wing Span: 17.48m  Length: 10m  Height: 3.80m  Wing Area: 70m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 2050kg
       Speed: 130km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 
SO 6020 Espadon, Sud-Ouest (6025)
       See {Espadon}.
SO 4000, Sud-Ouest
       Bomber program, a clean aircraft with two engines inside its
       fuselage and a wing of moderate sweep. One built, and flown
       once.
SO 4050 Vautour,
        See {Vautour}.
SO 8000 Narval, Sud-Ouest
       See {Narval}.
SO 9000 Trident, Sud-Ouest (9050)
       See {Trident}.
SO M.1, Sud-Ouest
       Glider, aerodynamic prototype for the {SO 4000}.
SO M.2, Sud Ouest
       Aerodynamic prototype for the {SO 4000}. The first French
       aircraft to exceed 1000km/h.
       Type: SO M.2
       Function: experimental
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1587kg R.R. Derwent 5
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
SPCA 30
       Design for a 'multiplace de combat' for bombing, reconaissance
       and escort tasks. The {Amiot 140} design was selected.
S.R.A.P. 2
       See {Salmson-Bechereau 6}.
Super Etendard, Dassault
       This is a development of the {Etendard} IVM, reengined and with
       many changes in structure and equipment. The Super Etendard is
       a shipboard attack aircraft. The French Aeronavale bought 71;
       fourteen were sold to Argentina and five were loaned to Iraq. The
       Argentinian and Iraqi aircraft saw combat and proved effective
       in combination with the Exocet missile. In French service, the
       Super Etendard can carry nuclear weapons.
       Type: Super Etendard
       Function: attack
       Year: 1978  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 49.03kN SNECMA Atar 8K-50
       Wing Span: 9.60m  Length: 14.31m  Height: 3.86m  Wing Area: 28.40m2
       Empty Weight: 6460kg  Max.Weight: 11500kg
       Speed: 1380km/h  Ceiling: 13700m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*g30mm 2100kg
Super Frelon, Aerospatila SA 321
       Medium-weight transport, ASW and SAR helicopter. 99 built.
       Type: SA 321G Super Frelon
       Function: ASW
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 3 * 1270kW Turbomeca Turmo IIIC6
       Speed: 248km/h  Ceiling: 3100m  Range: 4h
       Armament:
Super Magister, Aerospatiale CM 1070
       Development of the Fouga {Magister}. 1962.
Super Mystere, Dassault
       The Super Mystere began life as a development of the {Mystere IV}
       but became an entirely different aircraft, easily recognizable by
       the oval nose intake. It was the first series-built West-European
       fighter that was supersonic in horizontal flight. About 180 built,
       of which 24 for Israel, which used them in the 1968 Six-Day War
       and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. In 1969 Israel installed Pratt &
       Whitney J52 engines in most of its Super Mysteres; the J52 did
       not have afterburning, buut its dry trust was almost the
       afterburning trust of the Atar, and it was lighter and more
       efficient. 
       Type: Super Mystere B2
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 4460kg SNECMA atar 101G
       Wing Span: 10.52m  Length: 14.13m  Height: 4.55m  Wing Area: 35m2
       Empty Weight: 6932kg  Max.Weight: 10000kg
       Speed: 1200km/h	Ceiling: 17000m  Range: 870km
       Armament: 2*g30mm 908kg
Super Puma, Aerospatiale AS 332 / AS 532
       Development of the {Puma} medium-size transport helicopter.
       The main rotor, tail boom, and engines are new. Because
       of the increased engine power, a lenghtened version was
       also offered. 
       Type: AS 332B
       Function: transport
       Year: 1980  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 1327kW Turbomeca Makila 1A
       Rotor Span: 15.60m  Length:   Height: 4.92m  Disc Area: 191.13m2
       Empty Weight: 4200kg  Max.Weight: 9000kg
       Speed: 278km/h  Ceiling: 4600m  Range: 620km
       Load: 2834kg, 21 seats
SV 4, Stampe-Vertongen
       Biplane trainer of Belgian design, obviously inspired by the De
       Havilland {Moth}. The SV 4 enjoyed such reputation as trainer and
       aerobatic aircraft, that production was resumed in the late 40's,
       when a French company built 700 for the Armee de l'Air and
       flying clubs.
       Type: SV 4B
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1933  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 125hp De Havilland Gipsy Major I
       Wing Span: 8.40m  Length: 6.50m  Height: 2.60m  Wing Area: 19m2
       Empty Weight: 440kg  Max.Weight: 780kg
       Speed: 205km/h  Ceiling: 5200m  Range: 420km
Sylphe, Fouga
       Experimental trainer. It was a modified C.M.8 saiplane, powered
       by a 110kg Turbomeca Pimene jet engine. 
--T---------------------------------------------------------------------------
T, Morane-Saulnier
       Twin-engined reconaissance aircraft. About 100 built.
       Type: T
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1916  Crew: 3  Engines: 2 * 80hp Le Rhone
       Speed: 137km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Taon, Breguet 1001 (1002, 1003)
       The Taon was designed for the NATO competition for a light
       fighter-bomber that was eventually won by the Fiat {G.91}.
       A swept-wing jet aircraft with clean lines, and an unusual
       intake design with large fairings under the intakes, to
       avoid FOD. Two built.
       Type: 1001-2 Taon
       Function: fighter-bomber
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2200kg Bristol Orpheus BrOr.3
       Wing Span: 6.80m  Length: 11.68m  Height: 3.70m	Wing Area:14.50m2
       Empty Weight: 3425kg  Max.Weight: 5560kg
       Speed: 1194km/h	Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 4*mg12.7mm
Taon, Breguet 1100
       Twin-engined jet fighter, developed in parallel with the Taon 1001,
       for the French air force. Only one built.
       One built.
       Type: Taon 1100
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1500kg Turbomeca Gabizo
       Wing Span: 7.83m  Length: 12.52m  Height: 4.35m  Wing Area: 19.52m2
       Empty Weight: 3793kg  Max.Weight: 6545kg
       Speed: 1128km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament: 15*r68mm
TBM 700, Socata
       Six-seven seat light transport. Six ordered to replace the MS.760
       {Paris}.
Tellier 200ch
       Three-seat biplane flying boat, powered by a single pusher engine.
       There was also a version armed with a 47mm cannon. 
       Type: 200ch HS
       Function: patrol 
       Year:   Crew:   Engines: 1 * 200hp Hispano-Suiza 8Ba
       Wing Span: 15.60m  Length: 11.83m  Height: 3.60m  Wing Area: 47m2
       Empty Weight: 1150kg  Max.Weight: 1796kg
       Speed: 135km/h at SL  Ceiling:   Range: 4h 30min
       Armament: 560kg
Tiger, Eurocopter
       The French-German Tiger was designed as anti-tank and attack
       helicopter to replace both the French {Gazelle} and the German
       {Bo 105}. The Tiger has the traditional tandem-seat arrangment
       of such types, with mast-mounted or roof-mounted sighting
       systems. Service entry is now expected in 2002, after
       considerable delay.
       Type: Tiger 
       Function: attack
       Year: (2002)  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 958kW MTU/R.R./Turbomeca MTR 390
       Rotor Span: 13.00m  Length:   Height: 3.81m  Disc Area: 132.7m2
       Empty Weight: 3300kg  Max.Weight: 5800kg
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 2hrs 50min
       Armament: 
Trident, Sud-Ouest SO 9000 (9050)
       The Trident had a small straight wing, with jet engines fitted to
       the wingtips, and a rocket engine in the tail. It was intended as
       an interceptor, with one very big AAM under the fuselage. The
       Trident had exceptional performance. The SO 9050 Trident II was
       redesigned to cure some faults, and after two prototypes of the
       latter six pre-production aircraft were ordered. But in 1958 the
       programme was cancelled. Eight built.
       Type: SO 9050 Trident II
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1957  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1100kg Turbomeca Gabizo
				     1 * 3000kg SEPR 631
       Wing Span: 6.95m  Length: 13.26m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 14.50m2
       Empty Weight: 2910kg  Max.Weight: 5900kg
       Speed: M1.95  Ceiling:	Range:
       Armament: 1*msl
Triton, Sud-Ouest SO 6000
       Small jet trainer. The Triton had site-by-side seating in the front
       fuselage and straight wings. The jet intakes were ducts fitted
       above the wing leading edge. Development began in 1943, while France
       was still occupied! Five built
       Type: Triton
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1948  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 2200kg R.R. Nene 101
       Speed:	Ceiling:   Range:
TT, Deperdussin
       Military version of the famous monocoque racing aircraft. It was
       soon replaced, because no spare parts were available after the
       bankrupcy of Deperdussin.
       Type: TT
       Function: reconaissance
       Year: 1914  Crew:   Engines: 1 * 80hp Gnome
       Speed: 114km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Tucano, Embraer EMB-312
       Brazilian turboprop trainer. 50 were bought to replace
       the {Magister}.
--U---------------------------------------------------------------------------
--V---------------------------------------------------------------------------
V, Morane-Saulnier
       The V was a larger development of the Morane-Saulnier {N}.
       It was developed in parallel with the type {I}. The V, like
       the I, had been ordered by the RFC and Russia, but the aircraft
       was very unpopular and few were built.
       Type: V
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1916  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 110hp Le Rhone 9J
       Wing Span: 8.75m  Length: 5.81m  Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 165km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Vanneau, Morane-Saulnier MS.470 (472, 474, 475)
       All-metal, low-wing monoplane trainer, designed during the Vichy
       regime as advanced trainer. Series production began in 1946. The
       MS.470 prototype had a Gnome-Rhone 14M radial, but production
       MS.472s had the Hispano-Suiza 12X. Later the MS.474, suitable for
       carrier operations, was introduced. The last model, the MS.475,
       appeared in 1950. Total production was 500.
       Type: MS.475 Vanneau IV
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1950  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 540kW Hispano-Suiza 12Y45
       Wing Span: 10.95m  Length: 9.05m  Height: 3.62m  Wing Area: 17.30m2
       Empty Weight: 2351kg  Max.Weight: 3125kg
       Speed: 445km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 1500km
Vautour, Sud-Ouest SO 4050
       The Vautour was a twin-engined jet with a big but streamlined
       fuselage, swept wings and two jet engines in pods under the
       wings. It was built both as all-weather fighter and a bomber.
       Thirty Vautours, including 18 A-models, 8 N-models and 4 B(R)
       modes, were delivered to Israel, that used them in the Six-day
       war. The Israelis reconfigured the the IIN all-weather fighter
       as attack aircraft, carrying 1000kg of bombs externally. 
       140 built.
       Type: Vautour IIA
       Function: attack
       Year: 1956  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 3500kg SNECMA Atart 101E
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 1102km/h  Ceiling: 15000m  Range: 5900km
       Armament: 4*g30mm, 2400kg
       Type: Vautour IIB
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 3500kg SNECMA Atar 101E
       Speed: 1102km/h	Ceiling: 15000m  Range: 2575km
       Armament: 2400kg
       Type: Vautour IIN
       Function: fighter/attack
       Year: 1954  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 3500kg Atar 101E-3
       Wing Span: 15.10m  Length: 17.30m  Height: 5.10m  Wing Area: 45.00m2
       Empty Weight: 10500kg  Max.Weight: 20700kg
       Speed: 1160km/h  Ceiling: 15000m  Range: 5000km
       Armament: 4*g30mm 104*r68mm or 2-4 missiles
VB-10, Arsenal
       The innovative VB-10 used two engines, one in the nose and one
       behind the pilot. Contra-rotating co-axial propellers were
       fitted to the nose. Production began in 1947, when the VB-10 was
       already becoming obsolete, so it was cancelled after the completion
       of four, plus two prototypes.
       Type: VB-10
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1947  Crew: 1  Engines: 2 * 1150hp Hispano-Suiza HS 12Z
       Wing Span: 15.49m  Length: 12.98m  Height: 5.20m  Wing Area: 35.50m2
       Empty Weight: 6230kg  Max.Weight: 8860kg
       Speed: 700km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 1700km
       Armament: 4*g20mm
VG 30, Arsenal (30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39)
       Light fighter of wooden construction. The production model was
       the VG 33, which had better performance than the {MS 406}. Over
       150 had been built in June 1940, but only a dozen were airworthy;
       the French industry had again failed to deliver the equipment.
       The VG 34, 35 and 36 were prototypes with more powerful engines;
       the VG 39bis would have been a production model with a 1600hp
       Hispano-Suiza 12Z engine. But these plans came to nothing. 
       Type: VG 33
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1940  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 860hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y31
       Wing Span: 10.80m  Length: 8.55m  Height: 3.31m  Wing Area: 14.00m2
       Empty Weight: 2050kg  Max.Weight: 2656kg
       Speed: 590km/h  Ceiling: 11000m	Range: 1200km
       Armament: 1*g20mm 4*mg7.5mm
VG 70, Arsenal
       The VG 70 was inspired by the German {DFS 346} rocket aircraft.
       The VG 70 had a jet engine, the Junkers Jumo 004 which was also
       of German origin, and which was fed by a ventral air intake. It
       had swept wings and tail surfaces, and a very clean fuselage.
       Rather underpowered, the VG 70 remained experimental.
VG 80, Arsenal
       Design for an improved {VG 70}, powered by a 1700kg Rolls-Royce Nene
       jet engine. It was abandoned in favour of the {VG 90}. 
VG 90, Arsenal
       The VG 90 was a shipboard jet fighter design, derived from the
       {VG 70} and {VG 80}. The jet intake was moved from the ventral
       position to under the wing roots, and the wing sweep was reduced
       to enhance low-speed handling. Like the VG 70, the VG 90 was sleek
       and clean, but it was rather large for its engine. Both prototypes
       were lost in fatal crashes. The VG 90 was cancelled. 
       Type: VG 90
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1949  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 2270kg Rolls-Royce Nene
       Wing Span: 12.60m  Length: 13.44m  Height: 3.55m  Wing Area: 30.7m2
       Empty Weight: 5555kg  Max.Weight: 8200kg
       Speed: 915km/h  Ceiling: 12000m  Range: 1550km
       Armament: (3*g30mm 2*b500kg)
Villiers II
       Shipboard fighter. The Villiers II was a biplane with a watertight,
       boat-shaped hull for emergency landings. 30 were built, but there
       is no record that any ever operated from the first French carrier,
       the Bearn.
       Type: II
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1925  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
       Wing Span: 13.00m  Length: 9.50m  Height: 3.96m  Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1260kg  Max.Weight: 1900kg
       Speed: 217km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Villiers V
       Two-seat biplane night fighter, a wooden aircraft with a monocoque
       fuselage. Performance was not sufficient to warrant production.
       One built.
       Type: V
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
       Wing Span: 12.00m  Length: 8.75m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 40.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1274kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 224km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Villiers VIII
       Single-seat shipboard fighter. The VIII was a parasol monoplane,
       with a boat-shaped fuselage and small stabilising floats for
       emergency ditching. One built.
       Type: VIII
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.72m  Length: 8.39m  Height: 2.78m  Wing Area: 27.80m2
       Empty Weight: 1115kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 210km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Villiers 10
       Two-seat floatplane fighter. A sesquiplane with a clean monocoque
       fuselage. 1926.
Villiers XXIV
       Development of the {Villiers V} with longer-span wings, fitted
       with Handley-Page slots and flaps. These were intended to make
       night landings easier, for the XXIV was a nightfighter. The
       nightfighter programme was abandoned. One built.
       Type: XXIV
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 450hp Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
       Wing Span: 13.00m  Length: 8.75m  Height: 3.30m  Wing Area: 42.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1469kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 212km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 4*mg7.7mm
Voisin 1
       Voisin built a long series (1 to 10) of pusher biplanes with
       four-wheel landing gear and streamlined nacelles. They were in
       use throughout WWI, and over 3500 were built. The Voisin 1 was
       the first aircraft to shoot down another, a German Aviatik biplane
       on 5 oktober 1914, but they were used mostly as bombers. The
       machine gun of Voisin 1 was replaced by 37mm or 47mm cannon in
       later versions.
Voisin 3
       Development of the {Voisin 1}.
       Type: Voisin 3
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 2	Engines: 1 * 120hp Canton-Unne
       Speed: 113km/h  Ceiling: 3350m  Range: 200km
       Armament: 1*mg 55kg
Voisin 5
       Development of the {Voisin 1} series.
Voisin 8
       Development of the {Voisin 1} series. The engine was unreliable,
       and it was replaced, creating the {Voisin 10}.
       Type: Voisin
       Function: bomber
       Year: 1916  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 220hp Peugot 8
       Speed: 132km/h  Ceiling: 4300m  Range:
       Armament: 1-2*mg 180kg
Voisin 10
       Last of the Voisin pusher biplanes. Development of the {Voisin 8}
       with a 300hp Renault engine.
Vought 156F
       Version of the U.S. {SB2U} dive-bomber for the French Navy.
       The Vought dive bombers were delivered with wing-mounted dive
       brakes (absent from US aircraft) but without bomb crutches.
       In 1940 they operated from land bases. Little was achieved,
       because of unsatisfactory conditions and poor operational
       practices. 
Vultur, Breguet Br 462
       Five-seat monoplane bomber. 
       Type: Br 462
       Function: bomber
       Year:   Crew: 5	Engines: 2 * 940hp Gnome6rhone
       Speed: 402km/h  Ceiling:   Range:
       Armament:
Vultur, Breguet Br 960
       Prototype of the {Alize}. The Vultur was an attack aircraft with
       mixed propulsion; the jet engine in the tail was removed in the
       development to Alize.
       Type: Br 960 Vultur
       Function: attack
       Year: 1951  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 1200hp Armstrong Siddeley Mamba
				     1 * 2270kg R.R.-Hispano Nene
       Speed: 900km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 9h
       Armament:
--W---------------------------------------------------------------------------
W-1, Weymann
       Unconvential single-seat biplane fighter, which made two test
       flights in 1915. The W-1 was of pusher configuration, with the
       propeller at the extreme tail, and a rotary engine buried
       amidships. Cooling problems caused its abandon. 
       Type: W-1
       Function: fighter 
       Year: 1915  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 80hp Clerget
       Wing Span:   Length:   Height:   Wing Area: 23.00m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 
       Speed:   Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament:
Wib 1, Wibault
       Single-seat fighter, a single-bay biplane of metal construction.
       It was light and aerodynamically clean, and achieved a good
       performance. But the more powerful Nieuport {NiD-29} was
       preferred. One built.
       Type: Wib 1
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1918  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 220hp Hispano-Suiza 8B
       Wing Span: 7.80m  Length: 6.30m  Height: 2.40m  Wing Area: 21.85m2
       Empty Weight:   Max.Weight: 896kg
       Speed: 237km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Wib 3, Wibault
       All-metal parasol monoplane, intended as high-altitude fighter with
       a turbosupercharged engine. But the turbosupercharger development
       stalled, and the Wib 3 was abandoned. One built.
       Type: Wib 3
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1923  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 300hp Hispano-Suiza 8Fb
       Wing Span: 11.72m  Length: 8.20m  Height: 3.04m  Wing Area: 25.00m2
       Empty Weight: 994kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 241km/h  Ceiling: 7000m  Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Wib 7, Wibault (71, 72, 73, 74)
       Parasol-wing fighter, an all-metal aircraft with corrugated
       skinning. The Wib 7 entered service in 1927 despite being not
       highly classified in the preceding trials. It was a high-altitude
       interceptor with an excellent rate of climb. The Wib 71 became
       the {Wib 9}. The Wib 72 was a strengtened Wib 7. The Wib 73 had
       a Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb engine and was built for Poland. The 74
       was a shipboard version.
       Type: Wib 7
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1927  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone 9Ac
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 7.45m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 22.00m2
       Empty Weight: 827kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 227km/h  Ceiling: 8500m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
       Type: Wib 72
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 12  Engines: 1 * 420hp Gnome-Rhone Jupiter 9 Ac
       Speed: 222km/h  Ceiling: 27900ft  Range:
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Wib 8 Simoun, Wibault
       Two-seat parasol-wing monoplane fighter. The requirement was
       cancelled because none of the offered aircraft had an acceptable
       performance. One built.
       Type: Wib 8
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.63m  Length: 8.95m  Height: 3.20m  Wing Area: 29.60m2
       Empty Weight: 1233kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 236km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 
       Armament: 6*mg7.7mm
Wib 9, Wibault
       Essentially a reengined {Wib 7}, initially known as Wib 71.
       One built.
       Type: Wib 9
       Function: fighter
       Year:   Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 400hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb
       Wing Span: 11.00m  Length: 8.20m  Height: 2.90m  Wing Area: 22.00m2
       Empty Weight: 917kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 243km/h  Ceiling: 7100m  Range: 
       Armament: 
Wib 12 Sirocco, Wibault (121, 122, 124, 125)
       Parasol-wing, two-seat fighter. The Wib 12 was configurationally
       similar to the {Wib 8}, but was stronger and lighter. The second
       prototype was the Wib 121, equipped as a reconnaissance fighter,
       the third was the Vickers-built Wib 122, powered by a Napier Lion
       engine. Later the Wib 124 and Wib 125 army-cooperation aircraft
       followed. But the type did never enter production. 
       Type: Wib 121
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1926  Crew: 2  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 12.66m  Length: 9.44m  Height: 3.15m  Wing Area: 29.63m2
       Empty Weight: 1212kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 242km/h  Ceiling: 6200m  Range: 
       Armament: 6*mg7.7mm
Wib 13 Trombe, Wibault (130)
       Parasol-wing monoplane, a lightweight single-seat fighter built for
       the so-called 'Jockey' programme. The Wib 13 was sturdy and agile,
       but needed a more powerful engine. Development produced the {Wib 170}.
       One built.
       Type: Wib 13
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1928  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 400hp Hispano-Suiza 12Jb
       Wing Span: 9.07m  Length: 6.82m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 17.00m2
       Empty Weight: 894kg  Max.Weight: 1236kg
       Speed: 253km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 3.0hrs
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Wib 130 Trombe, Wibault
       See {Wib 13}.
Wib 160 Trombe II, Wibault
       Proposed more powerful development of the {Wib 130}. Not built.
Wib 170 Tornade, Wibault
       More powerful development of the {Wib 13} Trombe. The aircraft
       was a success; but the light fighter program was a failure, and
       the idea was abandoned. One built.
       Type: Wib 170
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 9.07m  Length: 7.15m  Height: 2.77m  Wing Area: 17.00m2
       Empty Weight: 965kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 275km/h  Ceiling: 9600m  Range: 
       Armament: 
Wib 210, Wibault
       Lightweight low-wing monoplane fighter with fixed landing gear. It
       was abandoned after a few test flights because of excessive
       vibration. One built.
       Type: Wib 210
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1929  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 500hp Hispano-Suiza 12Hb
       Wing Span: 9.40m  Length: 6.87m  Height: 2.30m  Wing Area: 16.00m2
       Empty Weight: 1016kg  Max.Weight: 1320kg
       Speed: 300km/h  Ceiling: 8000m  Range: 
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Wib 313, Wibault
       This Wibault fighter was powered by a radial engine at a time
       when in-line engines were increasingly popular for fighters.
       It was a low-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear and
       pleasing, if somewhat whale-like, lines. The Dewoitine {D.500}
       was preferred. The Wib 313 was the last Wibault fighter. One
       built.
       Type: Wib 313
       Function: fighter
       Year: 1932  Crew: 1  Engines: 1 * 520hp Gnome-Rhone 9Kbrs
       Wing Span: 11.35m  Length: 7.00m  Height: 3.45m  Wing Area: 16.56m2
       Empty Weight: 1153kg  Max.Weight: 
       Speed: 372km/h  Ceiling:   Range: 800km
       Armament: 2*mg7.7mm
Wright
       A Wright biplane was taken into service by the French Army on
       June 10, 1910.
--X---------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Y---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yak-3, Yakovlev
       The Soviet {Yak-3} low-altitude interceptor fighter was used by
       the Normandie-Niemen regiment. They chose this very specialized,
       high-performance aircraft over other types. 
--Z---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zephyr, Fouga C.M.175
       This was a shipboard version of the {Magister} trainer. They were
       retired in 1994. 30 built.
       Type: C.M.175 Zephyr
       Function: trainer
       Year: 1956  Crew: 2  Engines: 2 * 400kg Turbomeca Marbore IIB
       Wing Span: 12.15m  Length: 10.21m  Height: 2.95m  Wing Area: 
       Empty Weight: 2350kg  Max.Weight: 3400kg
       Speed: 649km/h  Ceiling: 11000m	Range: 770km
       Armament: 2*mg 100kg
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

