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Instructions

AAA - Ascii Adjust for Addition
AAD - Ascii Adjust for Division
AAM - Ascii Adjust for Multiplication
AAS - Ascii Adjust for Subtraction
ADC - Add With Carry
ADD - Arithmetic Addition
AND - Logical And
ARPL - Adjusted Requested Privilege Level of Selector (286+ PM)
BOUND - Array Index Bound Check (80188+)
BSF - Bit Scan Forward (386+)
BSR - Bit Scan Reverse (386+)
BSWAP - Byte Swap (486+)
BT - Bit Test (386+) BTC - Bit Test with Compliment (386+
BTR - Bit Test with Reset (386+)
BTS - Bit Test and Set (386+)
CALL - Procedure Call
CBW - Convert Byte to Word
CDQ - Convert Double to Quad (386+)
CLC - Clear Carry
CLD - Clear Direction Flag
CLI - Clear Interrupt Flag (disable)
CLTS - Clear Task Switched Flag (286+ privileged).
CMC - Complement Carry Flag
CMP - Compare
CMPS - Compare String (Byte, Word or Doubleword)
CMPXCHG - Compare and Exchange
CWD - Convert Word to Doubleword
CWDE - Convert Word to Extended Doubleword (386+)
DAA - Decimal Adjust for Addition
DAS - Decimal Adjust for Subtraction
DEC - Decrement.
DIV - Divide
ENTER - Make Stack Frame (80188+)
ESC - Escape
HLT - Halt CPU
IDIV - Signed Integer Division
IMUL - Signed Multiply
IN - Input Byte or Word From Port
INC - Increment
INS - Input String from Port (80188+)
INT - Interrupt
INTO - Interrupt on Overflow
INVD - Invalidate Cache (486+)
INVLPG - Invalidate Translation Look-Aside Buffer Entry (486+)
IRET/IRETD - Interrupt Return.
Jxx - Jump Instructions Table.
JCXZ/JECXZ - Jump if Register (E)CX is Zero
JMP - Unconditional Jump
LAHF - Load Register AH From Flags
LAR - Load Access Rights (286+ protected)
LDS - Load Pointer Using DS
LEA - Load Effective Address
LEAVE - Restore Stack for Procedure Exit (80188+)
LES - Load Pointer Using ES
LFS - Load Pointer Using FS (386+)
LGDT - Load Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
LIDT - Load Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
LGS - Load Pointer Using GS (386+)
LLDT - Load Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
LMSW - Load Machine Status Word (286+ privileged)
LOCK - Lock Bus
LODS - Load String (Byte, Word or Double)
LOOP - Decrement CX and Loop if CX Not Zero
LOOPE/LOOPZ - Loop While Equal / Loop While Zero
LOOPNZ/LOOPNE - Loop While Not Zero / Loop While Not Equal
LSL - Load Segment Limit (286+ protected)
LSS - Load Pointer Using SS (386+)
LTR - Load Task Register (286+ privileged)
MOV - Move Byte or Word
MOVS - Move String (Byte or Word)
MOVSX - Move with Sign Extend (386+)
MOVZX - Move with Zero Extend (386+)
MUL - Unsigned Multiply
NEG - Two's Complement Negation
NOP - No Operation (90h)
NOT - One's Compliment Negation (Logical NOT)
OR - Inclusive Logical OR
OUT - Output Data to Port.
OUTS - Output String to Port (80188+)
POP - Pop Word off Stack
POPA/POPAD - Pop All Registers onto Stack (80188+)
POPF/POPFD - Pop Flags off Stack
PUSH - Push Word onto Stack
PUSHA/PUSHAD - Push All Registers onto Stack (80188+)
PUSHF/PUSHFD - Push Flags onto Stack
RCL - Rotate Through Carry Left.
RCR - Rotate Through Carry Right
REP - Repeat String Operation
REPE/REPZ - Repeat Equal / Repeat Zero
REPNE/REPNZ - Repeat Not Equal / Repeat Not Zero
RET/RETF - Return From Procedure
ROL - Rotate Left.
ROR - Rotate Right
SAHF - Store AH Register into FLAGS
SAL - Shift Arithmetic Left / Shift Logical Left
SAR - Shift Arithmetic Right
SBB - Subtract with Borrow/Carry
SCAS - Scan String (Byte, Word or Doubleword)
SETAE/SETNB - Set if Above or Equal / Set if Not Below (386+)
SETB/SETNAE - Set if Below / Set if Not Above or Equal (386+)
SETBE/SETNA - Set if Below or Equal / Set if Not Above (386+)
SETE/SETZ - Set if Equal / Set if Zero (386+)
SETNE/SETNZ - Set if Not Equal / Set if Not Zero (386+)
SETL/SETNGE - Set if Less / Set if Not Greater or Equal (386+)
SETGE/SETNL - Set if Greater or Equal / Set if Not Less (386+)
SETLE/SETNG - Set if Less or Equal / Set if Not greater or Equal (386+)
SETG/SETNLE - Set if Greater / Set if Not Less or Equal (386+)
SETS - Set if Signed (386+)
SETNS - Set if Not Signed (386+)
SETC - Set if Carry (386+)
SETNC - Set if Not Carry (386+)
SETO - Set if Overflow (386+)
SETNO - Set if Not Overflow (386+)
SETP/SETPE - Set if Parity / Set if Parity Even (386+)
SETNP/SETPO - Set if No Parity / Set if Parity Odd (386+)
SGDT - Store Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
SIDT - Store Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
SHL - Shift Logical Left
SHR - Shift Logical Right
SHLD/SHRD - Double Precision Shift (386+)
SLDT - Store Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged)
SMSW - Store Machine Status Word (286+ privileged)
STC - Set Carry
STD - Set Direction Flag
STI - Set Interrupt Flag (Enable Interrupts)
STOS - Store String (Byte, Word or Doubleword)
STR - Store Task Register (286+ privileged)
SUB - Subtract
TEST - Test For Bit Pattern
VERR - Verify Read (286+ protected)
VERW - Verify Write (286+ protected)
WAIT/FWAIT - Event Wait
WBINVD - Write-Back and Invalidate Cache (486+)
XCHG - Exchange
XLAT/XLATB - Translate
XOR - Exclusive OR

Jump on Condition Instructions

Note: the jump can only be a maximum of 127 bytes in either direction.

Data Types in Assembly

• bit - smallest type that can be two values ex. 1, 2
  

• nibble - four bits has 16 values ex. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
  

• byte - Most important data type - 8 bits - smallest addresable data item, bit inside are numbered from 7 - 0, 0 being low order bit and least significant, 1 being the high order bit and the most significant, contains 2 nibbles upper and lower, require 2 hex values, rages from 0 - 255.
  

• word - contains 16 bits 0 - 15, 0 low order, 15 being high order, contains 2 bytes (low and high). Used for integer, offsets, segment values. The range is from 0 - 65,536 or signed -32,768 to 32,767.
  

• dword - or double word, 2 words, 32bit, used maily for segmented adresses, but can also be used for 32bit integer ranging from 0 - 4,294,967,295 or signed -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647, can also be used for 32bit floating point values.
  

Definitions

• Monadic operation - means it accepts only one operand.
  

• Signed numbers are - and +.
  

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