| Chapter 29: Apartheid- A system of racial segregation. This was imposed by the whites between 1910 and 1940 to strengthen their grip over South Africa so to ensure white economic power. Civil disobedience- The refusal to obey unjust laws. This was admired by Gandhi. Henry David Thoreau, an American philosopher believed in this. Diego Rivera- An artist in the 1920s and 1930s. He and other great artists created great mural art to revive the old ways of the Mexican painters. Hirohito- Reigned Japan for 63 years in which Japan experienced remarkable successes and appalling tragedies. He led them to the highs and lows of the times and was responsible for some. Jiang Jieshi- A young army officer who was determined to reunite China. He had little interest in either democracy or communism. Muhammad Ali Jinrah- Began rule in 1930s. HE threw his support behind the creation of a state for Muslims. He was somewhat like Gandi. Nationalization- The definition is government takeover. The Constitution of 1917 allowed this of natural resources. Pancho Villa- A hard-riding rebel from the north. HE fought mostly for personal power but won the intense loyalty of his peasant followers. He was one of the radical leaders to emerge from the power struggle. Cause of the 1910 Mexico Revolution- The cause for the revolution was one of discontent of the majority of the population of Mexico. The majority were peasants and had no food, land or education whereas there were people who had all those things. Pan-Africanism- Occurred during the 1920s and it began to nourish the nationalist spirit. It emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent around the world. Mandate System (M. East)- These were territories administered by European nations which were set up by the Paris Peace Conference. These mandates outraged the Arabs. None of these mandates were kept anyways. Great Salt March- This is when Gandhi was appalled by the law against salt and the outrageous cost. He led a protest and broke the law. Went to jail but through the action, the people of India were able to get more rights. May Fourth Movement- This is when student protests erupted in 1919. This set off cultural and intellectual reforms and its goal was to strengthen China. Effect of Great Depression in Japan- Their economy was hit hard. Foreign countries could not afford their products. Unemployment soared and peasants in the country sides were a mouthful away from starving. Chapter 30 General Strike - This is a strike by workers in many different industries at the same time. This was not uncommon in the 1920s, because the wages were so low. Stream of Consciousness - This is a technique in which a writer probes a character�s random thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order. Examples of this technique are To The Lighthouse and Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf. Flapper - These were people who rejected old ways and had different ideas about fashion. They would go on dates unchaperoned as well as smoke and drink Concentration Camp - These were detention centers for people who were considered enemies of the state. Many Jewish people were put into these camps and worked to death for they opposed a threat to the government and authority. Leon Blum - He had a Popular Front government that tired to solve labor problems and passed some social legislation. Yet within time the strikes added up and his government was brought down. Marie Curie - She was among the scientists in the early 1900s who experimented with radioactivity. They discovered that atoms of one element could be changed into an atom of another element, yet they were not solid. Franklin D. Roosevelt - In 1932, Americans elected a new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who projected an air of energy and optimism. �FDR� argued that government had to take an active role in combating the Great Depression. Virginia Woolf - In novels like To the Lighthouse and Mrs. Dalloway, British novelist Virginia Woolf used stream of consciousness to explore the hidden thoughts of people as they go through the ordinary actions of their every day lives. Albert Einstein - By 1905, the German-born physicist Albert Einstein advanced his theories of relativity. Einstein argued that space and time measurements are not absolute but are determined by many factors, some of them unknown. James Joyce - In Finnegan�s Wake, he explores the mind of a hero who remains sound asleep throughout the novel. To convey the freedom and playfulness of the unconscious mind, Joyce invented many worlds - including some like bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk, 100 letters long! Pablo Picasso - Before the war, the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and his friend Georges Braque created a revolutionary new style, called Cubism. They broke three- dimensional objects into fragments and composed them into complex patterns of angels and planes. Joseph Pilsudski - By 1926, Joseph Pilsudski had become dictator of Poland. Eventually, right-wing dictators emerged in every Eastern European country except Czechoslovakia and Finland. Frank Lloyd Wright - The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright reflected the Bauhaus belief that the function of a building should determine its form. In designing houses, he used materials and forms that fit their environment. Kellog-Briand Pact - Although the Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawed war, there was no way to enforce the ban The League of Nations, too, was powerless to stop aggressors. Fascism - They took their name from the Latin fasces, a bundle of sticks wrapped around an ax � a symbol of authority in ancient Rome. Adolph Hitler - Adolph Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party after World War I. Adolph Hitler became the leader of Germany because he appealed to the people and gave them food and shelter during the Great Depression. Totalitarian Rule - Totalitarian rule is the kind that Hitler imposed on the Germans during his rule as the leader. The Nazis had control of Germany, and the Gestapo, or German police, kept control over all aspects of city life. Mein Kampf - Mein Kampf, German for My Struggle, was written by Adolph Hitler when he was in prison for battling against communists in the German streets. The books contents talked about Hitler�s ideas, goals, and views on other races and life. Campaign Against the Jews - Hitler�s campaign against the Jews was started because he thought that Jews, Marxists, corrupt politicians, and business leaders in World War I betrayed them. Hitler wanted to remove Jews from Germany, and let the German soldiers to abuse the Jews, and when a young Jewish boy killed a German soldier Hitler used this as an excuse to eradicate all Jews. Great Depression - The Great Depression was the time in history where all economies went into a low state. During this time the people of the world started to distrust the democracies of the world because of the Great Depression. Mussolini - Benito Mussolini was the Italian leader after World War I that had started out by attacking the government leaders. Mussolini also supported the Fascists because they could help to take over the old Italy�s government. Weimar Republic - The Weimar Republic was the government set up in Germany right after World War I, but did not do well in the world. The new Weimar Republic had problems with unrest among the people and also inflation of products within German borders. Kristallnacht - Kristallnacht was known as the "Night of Broken Glass" where the people of Germany used force to try and rid Germany of the Jews. This took place on the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938. List Causes of Great Depression - Some of the causes of the Great Depression include: 1. The taxes to pay for World War I. 2. The money used to rebuild and fix up the cities of the nations of the world. 3. The helping of one nation to another through a treaty to help them after World War I. 4. Mainly the cause of the Great Depression was World War. |