| I. The Changing Political Climate i. In 1972 Julius Nyerere was president of Tanzania ii. The balance of the world power changed in 1945 iii. The collapse if western overseas empires and the emergence of dozens of new countries. a. The Great Liberation i. 1930s, nationalist movements had taken root in Africa, Asia and the Middle East ii. The Cold War undermined imperialism. iii. There was emergence of 100 nations worldwide and the needs and goals of developing nations transformed the postwar world. b. The Cold War Goes Global i. Nations sided with Russia or USA or remained nonaligned. ii. In Africa, Latin America and Asia reflected the Cold War feelings with siding with Russia and USA. iii. Even after collapse of Russia, troubles and conflict remained. c. New Nations seek Stability i. There were problems with mixture of different religions, languages, and ethnicities. ii. Constitutions were written after democracies but were unsuccessful and often military leaders took over. iii. Some democratic progress occurred though. d. The Shrinking Globe i. Interdependence was huge after 1945. ii. The UN was created and other agencies to help. iii. These included, WHO, GATT, and IMF. e. Enduring Issues i. There have been a mass production of nuclear weapons since the atomic bomb and NPT was created. ii. There have been great acts of terrorism and the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN happened. iii. A question of intervention occurred and the intervention of the UN was questioned. II. Global Economic Trends i. As independence was gained, nations aspired to the high standards of living. ii. Since the war there has been a great divide between the rich and poor. iii. Some made it and some did not. a. The Global North and South: Two Worlds of Development i. W. Europe, N. America, Japan and Australia have most of the worlds wealth. ii. The global south is the developing world including nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. iii. There is still a gap between the rich and the poor and it led to the migration of people from poor regions to wealthier countries. b. Economic Interdependence i. Multinational corporations invested in the developing world and the poor nations claim that the North has a stranglehold on the global economy. ii. There was a huge oil crisis in the 1970s, which led to a huge debt crisis. iii. This made many turn to privatization that hurt the poor. c. Obstacles to Development i. Development was a problem because of geography and population and poverty. ii. There has also been economic dependence and economic policies. iii. There was political instability that hurt the countries. d. Economic Development and the Environment i. There has been great destruction to the environment because of development. ii. Major accidents focused attention on threats to the environment. iii. There has been many conferences concerning the environment and how to preserve it. III. Changing Patterns of Life i. Millions of people have migrates from rural villages to urban centers. ii. Urbanization has transformed the lives of people in the developing world. iii. Villages continue to shape the live of millions of people. a. The Village: Continuity and Change i. Village people continue to form the largest part of the population. ii. Villages are often secluded and isolated from the outside world. iii. Urbanization, westernization and new technology change the villages but weaken the traditional cultures. b. Old Ways and New i. Urbanization has made many people poorer and crushed the traditional family. ii. Westernization has crushed traditional cultures. iii. Religious influences are still strong though despite the changes and many new branches of religion have formed out of this. c. New Rights and Roles for Women i. After 1945, the women�s liberation movement has been growing and increasing. ii. In the industrial world, more and more women worked outside the home and won equal education. iii. In emerging nations, women worked actively in the nationalist struggles. d. Science and Technology i. With the development of computers and communications the world has shrunk. ii. There have been great developments with space and environment outside the earth. iii. Great medical breakthroughs have lengthened life and made it better. e. A New International Culture i. The driving force behind this new global culture has been the US. ii. Global exchanges have influences literature and the visual arts for hundreds of years and the 20th century has a new appreciation for cultural works. iii. Ancient cultural treasures are now valued and are being preserved. f. Looking Ahead i. New problems will arise in the new millennium. ii. The next five chapters trace the trends. iii. Global interdependence has become an inescapable fact of life.nment. |