| Appeasement- giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep peace. Western democracies adopted these policies when dealing with Hitler. Blitzkrieg- �Lightening warfare� The Germans used this tactic and it involved bombing airfields, factories, towns, cities and killed civilians. Cold war- Churchill�s �iron curtain� became a symbol of the Cold War because it expressed the fear of communism. It was a war between Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill. Collaborator- these were people helping the Nazis hunt down Jews or shipping tens of thousands of Jews to their death. Most often these people were living in the areas. Containment (policy)- The Truman Doctrine was rooted in the idea of containment, which limited communism to areas already under Soviet Control. Stalin saw it as encirclement by the capitalist world that wanted to isolate the Soviet Union. Genocide- This was a process used by Hitler and the Nazis to kills Jews and judge the inferior races in Germany. This was done by the extermination of all the Jews and others by sending them to work labor camps or to extermination camps. Kamikaze- Pilots who took suicide missions. They would crash their planes loaded with explosives into American warships. Pacifism- The opposition of war. This was widespread after the Great Depression and was prominent in Britain and France. Winston Churchill- He replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime misters and was against the Nazi threat. He collaborated with Roosevelt and other countries to fight against Hitler. Francisco Franco- He led a revolt that touched off a bloody civil war. He fought in the Spanish Civil War, which foreshadowed how bad a world war would be. Dwight Eisenhower- In 1942 he took command of a joint Anglo-American force in Morocco and Algeria. He combined with British forces to trap Rommel�s army, which surrendered. Haile Selassie- He was the king of Ethiopia and he appealed to the League of Nations for help. Because of a lack of the right sanctions, Italy conquered Ethiopia in 1936. Harry Truman- He was associated with the atomic bomb. He gave permission for the US to drop the first atomic bomb on Japan, which killed 70,000 people. Dunkirk- This was the place where soldiers were stranded when the Allied forces were stuck between the Nazis and the English Channel. Boats, ferries and every ship available picked up the soldiers and saved 300,000 of them. El Alamein- The Battle of El Alamein was where General Bernard Montgomery finally stopped Rommel�s advance. They drove the Axis forces back across Libya into Tunisia. Guernica- A German raid during the Spanish Civil War. 1,600 people were killed from the bombing. This was an experiment to the Nazi in their warfare tactics. Hiroshima- This was where the first atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945. There was total destruction for 4 square miles and more than 70,000 people were killed and many others died from radiation and sickness. Nagasaki- This is where the second atomic bomb was dropped by the US. It was dropped on August 7 and killed 40,000 people. Pearl Harbor- The surprise attack was ordered by General Tojo. On December 7, 1941, Japanese airplanes bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. 2,400 people were killed. Operation Barbarossa- This was the conquest of the Soviet Union. This was run by Hitler and he wanted to get more room for the Germans, he wanted resources, he wanted to crush communism and he wanted to defeat Stalin. D-Day- June 6, 1944 is the day that the Allies chose for D-Day. They invaded France on that day and about 176,000 Allied troops were ferried across the English Channel and conquered the French. Battle of Midway- This was the major turning point in the Pacific war. The victories that the Americans had against Japan at Midway and Coral Sea weakened Japanese naval power and stopped Japanese advance. Holocaust- This was the act in which Hitler wanted to exterminate the Jews and other races. He did this with the help of the Nazis and extermination camps. They had trials against the people who helped. Cold War rivals (which nations)- The cold war rivals were the United States and The Soviet Union. Each had alliances with other countries that would support them. Francisco Franco- He led a revolt that touched off a bloody civil war. He fought in the Spanish Civil War, which foreshadowed how bad a world war would be. Benito Mussolini- Fascist dictator of Italy during WWII. He made an alliance with Germany and Japan to make the Axis power. Adolph Hitler-He was the dictator of Germany who fought in WWII. He was the one who enforced the extermination of the Jews and fought against the Allied powers. Tojo Hideki- He was a extreme militarists who gained power in Japan. HE didn�t want peace but he hoped to seize lands in Asia and the Pacific. Neville Chamberlin- The British Prime minister during the time. He said that he had achieved �peace for our time� by passing the Munich Pact. But it didn�t bring peace. Franklin Roosevelt- President of the US during WWII until his sudden death when Truman took over. He wanted to keep neutrality as long as possible and tried to aid countries as much as possible. Stalingrad- This was one of the costliest wars in history. The Russians and the Germans were trapped with no food or resources and finally the Germans surrendered. 300,000 casualties. Explain 2 reasons why the US used the atomic bomb against Japan- We were convinced that Japan wouldn�t surrender without an invasion that would cost an enormous loss of both American and Japanese lives. US also hoped that the bomb would impress the Soviets with American power. |