Sneaked, Flanked, Flat-footed, etc.
The following is believed to be true but has not necessarily been confirmed:
| Cause | Effect | Avoidance | |
| Sneak Attack | Attacked by hidden rogue, assassin or blackguard, or when flanked or flat-footed. | Attacker does additional damage according to their level. | True Seeing will spot hidden
attackers. Pale masters (lvl 10), druids in elemental or dragon form, and shifters in undead, construct or dragon form are all immune to sneak attacks. |
| Flanked | Attacked by a third party when in combat. | Third party gets +2 bonus to their AB. Attacking rogues, assassins and blackguards get a sneak attack. | Dwarven defenders (lvl 5) cannot be flanked. |
| Flat-footed | Performing a non-combat task, in ready mode, outside of the combat radius, entangled, prone, asleep, paralysed or attacked by hidden enemy. | Lose dexterity, dodge and tumble bonuses to AC. Attacking rogues, assassins and blackguards get a sneak attack. Also cannot make a defensive roll (rogue and shadow-dancer feat) or deflect arrows (monk feat). | Rogues (lvl 3), barbarians (lvl
2), shadowdancers (lvl 2), assassins (lvl 2) and dwarven defenders (lvl 2) always retain
their dexterity bonus to AC. Dodge and tumble bonuses to AC are always lost when flat-footed. |
| Prone | Knocked down | As flat-footed. Also melee attackers get +4 bonus to AB and ranged attackers get -4. | Wearing dragon slippers or
thieves' hood gives immunity to knockdown, as does a shifter's spectre
form. Boosting discipline skill will help resist knockdown. |
| Attack of Opportunity | Making a ranged attack, making an unarmed attack, casting a spell, using a magic item, attempting to disarm, or moving through opponent's threatened area. | Opponent makes a single melee attack made at normal AB. Maximum of one AOO per round. | Improved unarmed strike feat
avoids AOOs when making unarmed attacks. Improved combat casting avoids AOOs when casting spells. Improved disarm feat avoids AOOs when attempting to disarm opponent. Boosting tumble skill will help avoid AOOs when moving and the mobility feat will give +4 dodge AC bonus against them. |
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