Periodicity

what treads are found in the periodic table?

Under metals, metalloids, nonmetals, and noble gases, there are other ways of identifying the elements.
Metals have alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, and other metals.
Metalloids have just metalloids
Nonmetals have halogens and other nonmetals
Noble gases just have noble gases.
These are the different metals families, which are divided up by properties. Alkali metals: highly reactive metallic elements, which form alkaline solutions in water, burn in air, and belong to group one of the periodic table. Alkaline-earth metals: reactive, metallic elements, which belong to group two of the periodic table. Transition Elements: metallic elements that have varying properties and belong to group 3 through 12 of the periodic table. Lanthanides: shiny, metallic elements with atomic number 58 through 71 that fill the 4f orbitals. Actinides: metallic elements with atomic numbers 90 through 103 that fill the 5f orbitals. Main-block elements: elements that represent the whole range of chemical properties and belong to group 1,2, and 13 through 18 in the periodic table. Halogen: elements that combine with mist metals to from salts and that belong to group 17 of the periodic table.

  how are elements created

There are about 110 elements on the periodic table and of that number 92 of then are created naturally and the rest of them are made in the laboratories of scientists. 
Nuclear reaction: a reaction that involves change in the nucleus of an atom, as opposed to a chemical reaction, which involves changes to the arrangement of electrons that surround the nucleus.

  how can atoms be counted or measured

Mole: the fundamental SI unit used to measure the amount of a substance. 6.22137 * 1023.
Avogadro’s number: 6.022 * 1023 , the number of particles on a mole.
Moles can be converted to number of atoms and vice versa. 
An atomic mass unit is 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. The atomic mass of an atom is the mass of that atom expressed in atomic mass units.
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance is called the molar mass.
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