Atomic Structure

how are elements organized?

	They are organized on the periodic table.
	Periodic table is organized by different groups.

Groups: a series of elements that form a column in the periodic table

Period: a series of elements that form a horizontal row in the periodic table

There are four different groups they are metal, nonmetal, metalloid, and noble gas.

	Metal: any of a class of elements that generally are solid at room temperate, have a grayish color and shiny surface, and conduct electricity.
	Nonmetal: any chemical element that is neither a metal, metalloid, or a noble gas.
	Metalloid: an element having properties of metals as wall as nonmetals.
	Noble gas: an element that exist in the gases state at normal temperate and is nonreactive with other elements

Law of definite composition: that a compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound.

Law of conservation of mass: that when two or more elements react to produce a compound, the total mass of the compound is the same as the sum of masses of the individual elements.

Law of multiple proportions: applies to different compounds made from the same elements. It states that the mass ratio for one of the elements that sombines with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed in small whole numbers

Dalton’s atomic law theory has five principles.

	All matter is made of indivisible and indestructible stoms.
	Atoms of a given element are identical in their physical and chemical properties.
	Atoms of different elements have different physical and chemical properties.
	Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole-number ratio to form chemical compounds
	Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed when they are combined, separated, or rearranged in chemical reactions.
	Quantum theory: the field of physics based on the idea that energy is quantized and that this has significant effects on the atomic level.

how do the structures of atoms differ?

	Each element has a different atomic number, and, mass number.
	Atomic number: the number of protons containing in each atom of that element. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
	A unique set of four quantum numbers describes each electron in an atom. The pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons can have the same four quantum number.

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