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The Synthesis of Artificial Sweeteners

Saccharin:
Saccharin is synthesized or made initially by having CH3, or toluene. Then Cl2SO2OH is added, forming two products of CH3 & SO2Cl molecules. Then ammonium carbonate is added one of the CH3SO2Cl molecules, forming CH3SO2NH2, in addition to the waste product of ammonium chloride. Then, the CH3SO2NH2 molecule is reacted with potassium permanganate, at a temperature of 150 degrees Celcius. After that, the individual bonds in the molecule are re-arranged, forming a carboxyl group, CHO2. When this happens, water is released. Then, a sodium ion is added so that the Nitrogen, and Hydrogen will bond with each other. Then, you have the wonderful molecule of saccharin. The below explains how saccharin is made.

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Acesulfame K:
Acesulfame K is made from acetoacetic acid. But, because the company who first made acesulfame K still holds its patent rights, it is impossible to know exactly how acesulfame K is made.

Aspartame:
Aspartame is probably the easiest artificial sugar to make. You start out with a phenylalanine group(C9H11NO2), and add an aspartate group(C3H2NO3). After the two have reacted, add methanol (CH5O), and you will get aspartame. The diagram below shows how aspartame is made.

Sucralose:
Sucralose is made by chlorinaing two hydroxide polyatomic ions. Again, the company that originally made sucralose holds the patent rights to making it. So, no one is exactly sure how sucralose is made.