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| THOMAS� ENDNOTES OF SCHOLARLY SOURCES {Where Document name is cited first, it is Quoted} |
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| [1]������ Thomas is referred to twice in the Bible with the nickname of Didymus (John 11:16 and 20:24).� Didymus comes from the root word "duo" and means twin. | ||||||||||||||||
| [2]������ Some ancient traditions say that Thomas was born in Antioch, Syria, a seacoast town just below today's Turkey. | ||||||||||||||||
| [3]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 5:18a - That really set them off.� The Jews were now not only out to expose him; they were out to kill him. | ||||||||||||||||
| [4]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 10:31, 39-40 [NIV] - Again the Jews picked up stones to stone him....Again they tried to seize him, but he escaped their grasp.� Then Jesus went back across the Jordan [River]. | ||||||||||||||||
| [5]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:3 - So the sisters sent word to Jesus, "Master, the one you love so very much is sick."� SEE ALSO VOLUME V, FLOOD GATES, "Portals of Paradise" | ||||||||||||||||
| [6]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:4 - When Jesus got the message, he said, "This sickness is not fatal.� It will become an occasion to show God's glory by glorifying God's Son." | ||||||||||||||||
| [7]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:5-6 - Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus, but oddly, when he heard that Lazarus was sick, he stayed on where he was for two more days. | ||||||||||||||||
| [8]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:7-8 - After the two days, he said to his disciples, "Let's go back to Judea."� They said, "Rabbi, you can't do that.� The Jews are out to kill you, and you're going back?" | ||||||||||||||||
| [9]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:9-12 - Jesus replied, "Are there not twelve hours of daylight?� Anyone who walks in daylight doesn't stumble...."� He said these things, and then announced, "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep.� I'm going to wake him up." The disciples said, "Master, if he's gone to sleep, he'll get a good rest and wake up feeling fine." | ||||||||||||||||
| [10]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:14-15 - Then Jesus became explicit:� "Lazarus died.� And I am glad for your sakes that I wasn't there.� You're about to be given new grounds for believing.� Now let's go to him." | ||||||||||||||||
| [11]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 6:66-69a - After this a lot of his disciples left.� They no longer wanted to be associated with him.� Then Jesus gave the Twelve their chance:� "Do you also want to leave?"� Peter replied, "Master, to whom would we go?� You have the words of real life, eternal life.� We've already committed ourselves." | ||||||||||||||||
| [12]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 9:54-55a - When the disciples James and John learned of it, they said, "Master, do you want us to call a bolt of lightning down out of the sky and incinerate them?"� Jesus turned on them:� "Of course not!"� See alsoVOLUME V, FLOOD GATES, "Thunder Road" | ||||||||||||||||
| [13]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:16 - That's when Thomas, the one called the Twin, said to his companions, "Come along.� We might as well die with him." | ||||||||||||||||
| [14]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 12:12-13 - The huge crowd that had arrived for the Feast [of Passover] heard that Jesus was entering Jerusalem....And they cheered:� "Hosanna!"� "Blessed is he who comes in God's name!"� "Yes!� The King of Israel!"� SEE ALSO VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "Day Extraordinaire" | ||||||||||||||||
| [15]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 26:26-27 - During the meal, Jesus took and blessed the bread, broke it, and gave it to his disciples:� "Take, eat.� This is my body."� Taking the cup and thanking God, he gave it to them:� "Drink this, all of you.� This is my blood, God's new covenant poured out for many people for the forgiveness of sins."� SEE ALSO VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "God Essence" | ||||||||||||||||
| [16]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 13:34-36 - "Let me give you a new command:� Love one another"....Peter asked, "Master, just where are you going?"� Jesus answered, "You can't follow me where I'm going.� You will follow later." | ||||||||||||||||
| [17]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 14:37-38 - "Master," said Peter, "why can't I follow now?� I'll lay down my life for you!"� "Really?� You'll lay down your life for me?� The truth is that before the rooster crows, you'll deny me three times."� SEE ALSO VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "Power in the Breaking" and VOLUME VII, STAR SONG, "Torch Flight" | ||||||||||||||||
| [18]����� SEE VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "Fallen Star" | ||||||||||||||||
| [19]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 14:1-2 - "Don't let this throw you.� You trust God, don't you?� Trust me.� There is plenty of room for you in my Father's home.� If that weren't so, would I have told you that I'm on my way to get a room ready for you?" | ||||||||||||||||
| [20]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 14:5-6a - Thomas said, "Master, we have no idea where you're going.� How do you expect us to know the road?"� Jesus said, "I am the Road, also the Truth, also the Life." | ||||||||||||||||
| [21]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 16:29-31 - His disciples said, "Finally!� You're giving it to us straight, in plain talk ~ no more figures of speech....We're convinced you came from God."� Jesus answered them, "Do you finally believe?" | ||||||||||||||||
| [22]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 16:32-33 - "In fact, you're about to make a run for it ~ saving your own skins and abandoning me....You will continue to experience difficulties.� But take heart!� I've conquered the world." | ||||||||||||||||
| [23]����� SEE VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "Power in the Breaking." | ||||||||||||||||
| [24]����� SEE VOLUME VII, STAR SONG, "The Breath of God." | ||||||||||||||||
| [25]����� SEE VOLUME VII, STAR SONG, "Torch Flight." | ||||||||||||||||
| [26]����� SEE VOLUME VII, STAR SONG, "Desert of Sighs" | ||||||||||||||||
| [27]����� THE BIBLE, II CHRONICLES 3:8, 14 - He built the Most Holy Place, its length corresponding to the width of the temple - twenty cubits long and twenty cubits wide.� He overlaid the inside with six hundred talents of fine gold....He made the curtain of blue, purple and crimson yarn and fine linen, with cherubim worked into it. | ||||||||||||||||
| [28]����� THE BIBLE, MARK 15:38; HEBREWS 10:19-20 - But Jesus, with a loud cry [on the cross] gave his last breath.� At that moment the Temple curtain ripped right down the middle....We can now ~ without hesitation ~ walk right up to God, into "the Holy Place."� Jesus has cleared the way....the "curtain" into God's presence is his body. | ||||||||||||||||
| [29]����� GEORGE CURRIE, THE MILITARY DISCIPLINE OF THE ROMANS FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY TO THE CLOSE OF THE REPUBLIC - In the various writers of [Justinian's] Digest, eighteen offenses of soldiers are mentioned punishable by death....leaving the night watch. | ||||||||||||||||
| [30]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 28:11-15 - Meanwhile the guards...told the high priests....They took a large sum of money and gave it to the soldiers, bribing them to say, "His disciples came in the night and stole the body while we were sleeping." They assured them, "If the governor [Roman Pilate] hears about your sleeping on duty, we will make sure you don't get blamed. | ||||||||||||||||
| [31]����� JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, OF ANTIOCH (347-407 A.D.) - ...the fact of their saying that the disciples stole Him.� For this is the language of men confessing, that the body was not there.� When therefore they confess the body was not there, but stolen, it is shown to be false and incredible, by their watching by it [guards at tomb], and by the seals [Roman insignia], and by the timidity of the disciples [in hiding], the proof of the resurrection even hence appears incontrovertible. | ||||||||||||||||
| [32]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:24-25a - But Thomas, sometimes called the Twin, one of the Twelve, was not with them when Jesus came.� The other disciples told him, "We saw the Master."� | ||||||||||||||||
| [33]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:39-41a; JOHN 20:25b - "As he said this, he showed them [10 apostles] his hands and feet.� They still couldn't believe what they were seeing...."Unless I see the nail holes in his hands, put my finger in the nail holes, and stick my hand in his side, I won't believe." | ||||||||||||||||
| [34]����� JOHN R. STOTT, BASIC CHRISTIANITY - ...after the rigours and pains of trial, mockery, flogging and crucifixion He could survive thirty-six hours in a stone sepulchre with neither warmth nor food nor medical care?� That He could then rally sufficiently to perform the superhuman feat of shifting the boulder which secured the mouth of the tomb, and this without disturbing the Roman guard?� | ||||||||||||||||
| [35]����� JOHN R. STOTT, BASIC CHRISTIANITY - A careful study of the text of John's narrative [in the Bible]....the [burial] cloths 'lying'...or 'collapsed'....Next, the head napkin....was not lying...but 'wrapped together'....translated 'twirled'....these grave clothes...had been neither touched nor folded nor manipulated by any human being.� They were like a discarded chrysalis from which the butterfly has emerged. | ||||||||||||||||
| [36]����� J. N. D. ANDERSON, CHRISTIANITY TODAY, 1968, "The Resurrection of Jesus Christ" - If the Jews...order to have the body moved, why, when the apostles were preaching the resurrection in Jerusalem, didn't they explain:� "Wait!� We moved the body ~ Christ didn't rise from the grave...." If this failed, why didn't they recover the corpse, put it on a cart, and wheel it through the center of Jerusalem?� Such an action would have destroyed Christianity. | ||||||||||||||||
| [37]����� THE BIBLE, PSALM 16:10-11 [NIV] - Because you will not abandon me to the grove, nor will you let your Holy One see decay.� You have made known to me the path of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence, with eternal pleasures at your right hand. | ||||||||||||||||
| [38]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:26a [NIV] - A week later his disciples were in the house again. | ||||||||||||||||
| [39]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:26b[NIV] - Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you!" | ||||||||||||||||
| [40]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:27a [NIV] - Then he said to Thomas, "Put your finger here; see my hands.� Reach out your hand and put it into my side." | ||||||||||||||||
| 41]������ THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:17c [NIV] - "Stop doubting and believe." | ||||||||||||||||
| [42]������THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:28 - Thomas said, "My Master!� My God!" | ||||||||||||||||