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| JAMES THE LESS� ENDNOTES OF SCHOLARLY SOURCES {Where Document name is cited first, it is Quoted} |
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| [1]������ In the Bible, Mark 2:14f says Levi, renamed Matthew, was the son of Alphaeus.� Mark 3:18 says James was the son of Alphaeus.� Mark 15:47 says Mary was the mother of James and Joses (Joseph).� John 19:25 says this same Mary was the wife of Clopas.� Luke 24:18 says Cleophas was one of the two men to whom Jesus appeared.� | |||||||||||||
| [NOTE:� Alphaeus is the Hebrew pronunciation (used in the book of Mark), Clopas the Aramaic pronunciation (used in the book of John), and Cleophas is the Greek pronunciation (used in the book of Luke; Luke was a Grecian physician).] | |||||||||||||
| [2]������ The other person with Alphaeus is not known.� The author has elected to speculate that the other person might have been Matthias who was later chosen to take Judas' place.� (See in the Bible, Acts 1:26.) | |||||||||||||
| [3]������ HEGESIPPUS, the historian writing in 169 AD, said that James did not drink alcohol, did not eat meat, never cut his hair, and prayed so much his knees became calloused.� THE BIBLE, NUMBERS 6:2-5 - When...a man...takes...vow of a Nazarite, consecrating himself to the Lord...he must not...taste strong drink...never cut his hair. | |||||||||||||
| [4]������ SEE VOLUME II, DREAM MAKER, "God Eyes" | |||||||||||||
| [5]������ SEE VOLUME II, DREAM MAKER, "Power House" | |||||||||||||
| [6]������ SEE ALSO VOLUME� III, HEARTS AFIRE, "Angels of Hell."� [NOTE:� By tracing all Biblical accounts of demon possession, it only occurred during Jesus' ministry, some of which lingered a little beyond.� Apparently Satan saw God's son enter a human, so he decided to let some of his demons enter humans to see if they could influence mankind as well.� But Jesus entered a baby and was the only one in that body; Satan's demons entered grownups and shared the body with a human spirit.] | |||||||||||||
| [7]������ THE BIBLE, MARK 1:21-28 - ...Sabbath arrived, Jesus lost no time in getting to the meeting place....Suddenly...he was interrupted by a man who was deeply disturbed and yelling out, "What business do you have here with us, Jesus?� I know what you're up to!� You're the Holy One of God"....Jesus shut him up:� "Quiet!� Get out of him!"� The afflicting spirit threw the man into spasms, protesting loudly ~ and got out.� Everyone there was incredulous."� See also VOLUME III, HEARTS AFIRE, Angels of Hell" | |||||||||||||
| [8]������ SEE ALSO VOLUME II, DREAM MAKER, "The Hand of God" | |||||||||||||
| [9]������ SEE VOLUME III, HEARTS AFIRE, "Traitor" | |||||||||||||
| [10]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 8:1-3, LUKE 24:10 - He continued according to plan, traveled to town after town....The Twelve...Mary...Joanna...Susanna, along with many others who used their considerable means to provide for the company....They left the tomb and broke the news of all this to the Eleven and the rest.� Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James.... | |||||||||||||
| [11]����� SEE VOLUME IV, FOLK HERO, "Cosmic Chaos" | |||||||||||||
| [12]����� SEE VOLUME III, HEARTS AFIRE, "Haze of Hopelessness" | |||||||||||||
| [13]����� SEE VOLUME III, HEARTS AFIRE, "Shackled" | |||||||||||||
| [14]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 9:2-8 - Some men carried a paraplegic on a stretcher and set him down in front of them.� Jesus...said to the paraplegic, "Cheer up, son.� I forgive your sins."� Some religion scholars whispered, "Why, that's blasphemy!"� Jesus...said, "Why this gossipy whispering?� Which do you think is simpler:� To say, 'I forgive your sins,' or, 'Get up and walk'?� Well, just so it's clear that I'm the Son of Man and authorized to do either, or both....Get up.� Take your bed and go home." � And the man did it.� The crowd was awestruck, amazed and pleased that God had authorized Jesus to work among them this way. | |||||||||||||
| [15]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 9:9 - Passing along, Jesus saw a man at his work collecting taxes.� His name was Matthew.� Jesus said, "Come along with me."� Matthew stood up and followed him. | |||||||||||||
| [16]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:1-4 - Jesus called twelve of his followers and...gave them power to kick out the evil spirits, and to tenderly care for the bruised and hurt lives.� This is the list of the twelve he sent:� Simon....Matthew, the tax man, James, son of Alphaeus.... | |||||||||||||
| [17]����� SEE VOLUME IV, FOLK HERO, "The Benefactresses" | |||||||||||||
| [18]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:14-15 [earlier that day] - Jesus spoke to her, "Woman, why are you crying?� Who are you looking for?"� She, thinking that he was the gardener, said, "Mister, if you took him, tell me where you put him so I can care for him." | |||||||||||||
| [19]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:13-16 - That same day two of them were walking to the village Emmaus, about seven miles out of Jerusalem.� They were deep in conversation, going over all these things that had happened.� In the middle of their talk and questions, Jesus came up and walked along with them.� But they were not able to recognize who he was. | |||||||||||||
| [20]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:17-19a - He asked, "What's this you're discussing so intently as you walk along?"� They just stood there, long-faced, like they had lost their best friend.� Then one of them, his name was Cleopas, said, "Are you the only one in Jerusalem who hasn't heard what's happened during the last few days?"� He said, "What has happened?" | |||||||||||||
| [21]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:19b-21 - They said, "The things that happened to Jesus the Nazarene.� He was a man of God, a prophet, dynamic in work and word, blessed by both God and all the people.� Then our high priests and leaders betrayed him, got him sentenced to death, and crucified him.� And we had our hopes up that he was the One, the One about to deliver Israel.� And it is now the third day since it happened." | |||||||||||||
| [22]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:22-24 - "But now some of our women have completely confused us.� Early this morning they were at the tomb and couldn't find his body.� They came back with the story that they had seen a vision of angels who said he was alive.� Some of our friends went off to the tomb to check and found it empty just as the women said, but they didn't see Jesus." | |||||||||||||
| [23]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:25-26 - Then he said to them, "So thick-headed!� So slow-hearted!� Why can't you simply believe all that the prophets said?� Don't you see that these things had to happen, that the Messiah had to suffer and only then enter into his glory?" | |||||||||||||
| [24]����� THE BIBLE, DEUTERONOMY 18:18 - I will raise up from among them a Prophet, an Israeli like you.� I will tell him what to say, and he shall be my spokesman to the people. | |||||||||||||
| [25]����� THE BIBLE, DANIEL 9:25-27 - "It will be forty-nine years plus 434 years [total of 490] from the time the command is given to rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed One [how they made people kings then] comes....the Anointed One will be killed, his kingdom still unrealized....This king will make a seven-year treaty with the people, but after half that time [3-1/3 years], he will...stop the Jews from all their sacrifices...his judgment will be poured out upon the Evil One." | |||||||||||||
| [26]����� THE BIBLE, ZECHARIAH 12:10 - 14:9 - I will pour out on...Jerusalem a spirit of grace....They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn...as one grieves for a firstborn son....On that day a fountain...to cleans them from sin....Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered....You will flee as you fled from the earthquake....On that day there will be no light....When evening comes, there will be light.� On that day living water will flow....The Lord will be king over the whole earth. | |||||||||||||
| [27]����� THE BIBLE, PSALM 16:9-11 [NIV] - ...my body also will rest secure, because you will not abandon me to the grave, nor will you let your Holy One see decay.� You have made known to me the path of life...with eternal pleasures at your right hand. | |||||||||||||
| [28]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:27 - "Don't you see that these things had to happen, that the Messiah had to suffer and only then enter into his glory?"� Then he started at the beginning, with the Books of Moses, and went on through all the Prophets, pointing out everything in the Scriptures that referred to him. | |||||||||||||
| [29]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:28-29 - They came to the edge of the village where they were headed.� He acted as if he were going on but they pressed him:� "Stay and have supper with us.� It's nearly evening; the day is done."� So he went in with them.� SEE ALSO VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "God Essence" | |||||||||||||
| [30]����� All statements by Jesus which are not really in the Bible are used sparingly and only when strongly inferred by the biblical account. | |||||||||||||
| [32]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:30-31 - And here is what happened:� He sat down at the table with them.� Taking the bread, he blessed and broke and gave it to them.� At that moment, open-eyed, wide-eyed, they recognized him.� And then he disappeared. | |||||||||||||
| [33]����� In early years when it was dangerous to be a Christian, many used the sign of a fish (not a cross!) to find each other.� In Greek fish is "ICHTHUS."� To the Christians "I" represented Esus (Jesus), "CH" represented "Christ", "TH" represented "Theous" (of God), "U" represented "uios (united), and "S" represented "soter" (son).� Thus the fish represented "Jesus Christ of God United [One].. | |||||||||||||
| [34]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 24:32-35 - Back and forth they talked.� "Didn't we feel on fire as he conversed with us on the road, as he opened up the Scriptures for us?"� They didn't waste a minute.� They were up and on their way back to Jerusalem.� They found the Eleven and their friends gathered together, talking away:� "It's really happened!� The Master has been raised up ~ Simon saw him!"� Then the two went over everything that happened on the road and how they recognized him when he broke the bread. | |||||||||||||