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ARCHELAUS ENDNOTES OF SCHOLARLY SOURCES |
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{Where document name is cited first, it is quoted} |
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1.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 2:19-23 -� Later, when Herod died, God's angel appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt:� "Up, take the child and his mother and return to Israel.� All those out to murder the child are dead."� Joseph obeyed.� He got up, took the child and his mother, and reentered Israel.� When he heard, though, that Archelaus had succeeded his father, Herod, as king in Judea, he was afraid to go there.� But then Joseph was directed in a dream to go to the hills of Galilee.� On arrival, he settled in the village of Nazareth.� This move was a fulfillment of the prophetic words, "He shall be called a Nazarene." |
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2.� Passover is similar to our memorial day in which we remember those who died for our freedom.� It was kept by killing a lamb who symbolically died in their place the night they escaped Egypt and obtained their freedom.� For further reading, see Exodus 12:5-27. |
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3.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK XVI, 11:7; BK XVII, 7:1; 8:1 - As for Herod, if he had before any doubt about the slaughter of his sons, there was no longer any room left in his soul for it....Alexander also and Aristobulus were brought...by their father's command, and there strangled....Antipater, who verily believed his father was deceased...hoping to take the kingdom into his hands....Hereupon Herod, when he heard...cried out, and beat his head, although he was at death's door, and raised himself upon his elbow...and commanded them to kill Antipater [his son]....And now Herod...granted the kingdom to Archelaus. |
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4.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, Bk XVII, 9:3 -Now, upon the approach of that feast of unleavened bread...called the Passover....Archelaus thought there was no way to preserve the entire government but by cutting off those who made this attempt upon it; so he sent out the whole army upon them, and sent the horsemen to prevent those that had their tents without the Temple from assisting those that were within the Temple, and to kill such as ran away from the footmen when they thought themselves out of danger; which horsemen slew three thousand men.... |
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| 5.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK XVII, 10:2 -� But on the approach of [the Feast of] Pentecost, a great many ten thousands of men....got upon those cloisters which encompassed the outer court of the Temple, where a great fight was still continued, and they cast stones at the Romans....set fire to the cloisters....those that were on the roof unexpectedly perished at the same time....and others of them were killed by their enemies. There was a great number more who, out of despair of saving their lives...did either cast themselves into the fire, or threw themselves upon their swords, and so got out of their misery. |
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| 6.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55 - "He's the carpenter's son.� We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers James...." [NOTE:� Some people believe that Mary and Joseph never had relations after their marriage so that Mary would remain a virgin and that the children listed in this passage are actually her nephews and nieces.] |
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| 7.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:41 - Every year Jesus' parents traveled to Jerusalem for the Feast of Passover. |
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| 8.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 2:20-22 - Later, when Herod died, God's angel appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt:� "Up, take the child and his mother and return to Israel.� All those out to murder the child are dead."� Joseph obeyed.� He got up, took the child and his mother and reentered Israel.� When he heard, though, that Archelaus had succeeded his father, Herod, as king in Judea, he was afraid to go there.� But then Joseph was directed in a dream to go to the hills of Galilee. |
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| 9.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55-56 - "He's the carpenter's son.� We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers James....all his sisters live here." [This is a random name given the daughter.� The Bible does not say what her name was.] |
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| 10. "Joshua" is the Hebrew version of "Jesus" in Greek.� They have the same meaning:� God With Us. |
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| 11.� THE BIBLE, JOSHUA 1:1-2; HEBREWS 11:10 - After the death of Moses... God spoke to Moses' assistant, whose name was Joshua...Now that my disciple is dead, you are the new leader of Israel. Lead my people across the Jordan River into the Promised Land....by keeping his eye on an unseen city with real, eternal foundations ~ the City designated and built by God [heaven]. |
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12.� Jesus did not really say these things in italics.� Parts of this chapter are used with reservation in order to help the reader understand what it MIGHT have been like for him as a youth growing up and working through just exactly who and what he was ~ the Son of God. |
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13.� THE BIBLE, ZECHARIAH 3:8-9 - O Joshua the High Priest....represents my servant The Branch whom I will send....I will remove the sins of this land in a single day. |
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| 14.� THE BIBLE, ZECHARIAH 6:10-13 - "Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah will bring gifts....make from them a crown....put the crown on the head of Joshua....'You represent the MAN who will come, whose name is "The Branch"....To him belongs |
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| 15.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55 - He's the carpenter's son.�We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers James and Joseph. |
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| 16.� THE BIBLE, MICAH 4:7b, 5:2 - The Lord himself shall be their King from Mount Zion forever....O Bethlehem Ephrathah, you are but a small Judean village, yet you will be the birthplace of my King who is alive from everlasting ages past! |
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17. THE BIBLE, EZEKIEL 38:24-25 - And David, my Servant ~ the Messiah ~ shall be their King, their only Shepherd....shall be their Prince forever. |
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18.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK XVII, 10:10 -� Varus [Governor of Syria and Palestine]....crucified on this account two thousand....sent their several commanders to Caesar. |
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19.� THE BIBLE, HEBREWS 4:14-15 [NIV] - Jesus the Son of God...not...unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are - yet was without sin. |
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20.� THE BIBLE, ISAIAH 7:14 �- Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign:� The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel. |
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21.� THE BIBLE, HEBREWS 2:18 [NIV] - Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted. |
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22.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55-56 - He's the carpenter's son.� We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers....all his sisters live here."� [NOTE:� Jesus had sisters - plural.� The Bible does not tell how many or their names.] |
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23.� THE BIBLE, GENESIS 1:26 - Then God said, "Let us make a man - someone like ourselves." |
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| 24.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK XVII, 13:2 -� But in the tenth year of Archelaus's government....Caesar, upon hearing what certain accusers of his had to say...both banished him, and appointed Vienna, a city of Gaul, to be the place of his habitation, and took his money away from him. |
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| 25.�According to the ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, the Bar Mitzva, wherein a Jewish boy was admitted to the congregation of worshippers at age 13, was not introduced until the middle ages, and not formally instituted until the 19th century.� Even then, there was also instituted a confirmation at age 16 or 17.� There is absolutely nothing of significance in the Old Testament about the age of twelve.� The only significant age is 30 when most men were considered "men." |
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| When Jesus was 11 or 12 years old, Archaelaus was banished forever from Palestine.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:42:� When he was twelve years old, they went up as they [parents] always did [in the past] for the Feast. |
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| 26.� US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 25, 1999 - In 1968 the skeletal remains of a crucified man in a stone coffin called an ossuary were discovered in a burial cave outside of Jerusalem.� The individual appeared to be a man about 5' 5", 24-28 years old.� His arms were still open, while his knees were bent and his legs turned sideways.� A single iron spike was still there, driven through both heals. |
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| 27.� THE BIBLE, ZECHARIAH 12:10 - "And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication.� they will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one grieves for a firstborn son." |
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| 28.�According to the INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPAEDIA and other sources, after Herod expanded the Temple complex, it was approximately 30 acres.� Within the complex along the outside was the court of the Gentiles.� Farther in was a court divided in half, part for the women and part for the men.� Within the men's court was the court of the priests and Levites where the sacrificial altar was located.� And within that was the actual Temple building about 90 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and into which only the priests could enter. |
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| 29.� THE BIBLE, DEUTERONOMY 5:7-21 - "[1] Never worship any god but me.� [2] Never make idols; don't worship images, whether of birds, animals, or fish....[3] You must never use my name to make a vow you don't intend to keep....[4] Keep the Sabbath day holy....work the other six days...not work shall be done that day....[5] Honor your father and mother....[6] You must not murder.� [7] You must not commit adultery.� [8] You must not steal.� [9] You must not tell lies.� [10] You must not burn with desire for another man's wife, nor envy him for his home...or anything else he owns." |
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| 30.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:46-47 -� The next day they found him in the Temple seated among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions.� The teachers were all quite taken with him, impressed with the sharpness of his answers.� |
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| 31.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK XVII, 13:1 -� When Archelaus...took away the high priesthood from [Joazar] and put Eleazar his brother in his place....Nor did this Eleazar abide long in the high priesthood, Jesus, the son of Sie, being put in his [office] while he was still living. |
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| 32.� See VOLUME VII, STAR SONG, "The Sleeping Giant." |
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| 33.� THE BIBLE, JOHN 3:9, 10 -� Nicodemus asked, "What do you mean by this?� How does this happen?� Jesus said, "You're a respected teacher of Israel and you don't know these basics?"� See also VOLUME II, DREAM MAKER, "Unorthodox Orthodox." |
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| 34.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:13, 26f, 36 - But the angel reassured him, "Don't fear, Zachariah.� Your prayer has been heard.� Elizabeth, your wife, will bear a son by you.� You are to name him John....In the sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to the Galilean village of Nazareth to a virgin engaged to be married to a man descended from David.� His name was Joseph, and the virgin's name, Mary....And did you know that your cousin Elizabeth conceived a son, old as she is?� Everyone called her barren, and here she is six months pregnant!� Nothing, you see, is impossible with God." |
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| 35.� See also VOLUME II, DREAM MAKER, "Hesitant Herald." |
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| 36.� THE BIBLE, ACTS 22:3a -� [Paul] continued, "I am a good Jew, born in Tarsus in the province of Cilicia, but educated here in Jerusalem under the exacting eye of Rabbi Gamaliel." |
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| 37.� THE BIBLE, GALATIANS 1:14 [NIV] - " [Paul] was advancing in Judaism beyond many Jews of my own age and was extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers." |
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38. THE BIBLE, ACTS 5:34 - But one of the council members stood up, a Pharisee by the name of Gamaliel, a teacher of God's Law who was honored by everyone.
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| 39.� THE BIBLE, ACTS 5:21, 27, 35 - Provoked mightily by all this...arrested the apostles and put them in the town jail....Bringing them back, they stood them before the High Council....[Gamaliel] then said, ":Fellow Israelites, be careful what you do to these men." |
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| 40.� THE BIBLE, ACTS 22:4 - "I went after anyone connected with this 'Way,' went at them hammer and tongs, ready to kill for God.� I rounded up men and women right and left and had them thrown in prison." |
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| 41.� THE BIBLE, ISAIAH 2:4 [Prophesied about 700 years before Jesus was born] - The Lord will settle international disputes; all the nations will convert their weapons of war into implements of peace.� Then at the last all wars will stop and all military training will end. |
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| 42.� THE BIBLE, ISAIAH 11:1-2 [Prophesied about 700 years before Jesus was born] - The royal line of David will be cut off, chopped down like a tree; but from the stump will grow a Shoot - yes, a new Branch from the old root.� And the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him. |
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| 43.� THE BIBLE, MICAH 5:2 [Prophesied about 700 years before Jesus was born] -� O Bethlehem Ephrathah, you are but a small Judean village, yet you will be the birthplace of my King who is alive from everlasting ages past! |
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| 44.� Whenever choirs are mentioned in worship on earth, they were always required to be Levite males (1 Chronicles 15:16). |
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| 45.� THE BIBLE, ACTS 22:6-8, 15-16 - "As I arrived on the outskirts of Damascus about noon, a blinding light blazed out of the skies and I fell to the ground, dazed.� I heard a voice: 'Saul, Saul, why are you out to get me?'� 'Who are you, Master?' I asked.� He said, 'I am Jesus the Nazarene, the One you're hunting down'....'You are to be a key witness to everyone you meet of what you've seen and heard.� So what are you waiting for?� Get up and get yourself baptized, scrubbed clean of those sins and personally acquainted with God.' " |
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| 46.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:43 -� When it was over and they left for home, the child Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem, but his parents didn't know it.� |
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| 47.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:44 -� Thinking he was somewhere in the company of pilgrims, they journeyed for a whole day and then began looking for him among relatives and neighbors.� |
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| 48.� SEE VOLUME VIII, COME FLY WITH ME, "Star Song" |
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49.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:45 -� When they didn't find him, they went back to Jerusalem looking for him. |
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| 50.� THE BIBLE, JOHN 18:12, 24, 19:16 - Then the Roman soldiers under their command, joined by the Jewish police, seized Jesus and tied him up....Then Annas sent him, still tied up, to the Chief Priest Caiaphas....Pilate caved in to their demand.� He turned him over to be crucified.� See also VOLUME VI, PROMISE KEEPER, "The Unmasking." |
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| 51.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:48 - But his parents were not impressed; they were upset and hurt.� His mother said, "Young man, why have you done this to us?� Your father and I have been half out of our minds looking for you." |
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| 52.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:49-50 -� He said, "Why were you looking for me?� Didn't you know that I had to be here, dealing with the things of my Father?"� But they had no idea what he was talking about. |
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| 53.� The Bible does not give Mary's exact age, but normally during those times young ladies were in their mid-teens when they |
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| 54.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:51 -� So he went back to Nazareth with them, and lived obediently with them.� His mother held these things dearly, deeply within herself.� |
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| 55.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55 - He's the carpenter's son.� We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers...Simon. |
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| 56.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55 - He's the carpenter's son.� We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers...Judas. |
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| 57.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55-56 - We know his brothers....All his sisters live here.� [NOTE:� The term "all" is used instead of "both," indicating Mary had at least three girls.] |
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| 58.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 13:55-56 - He's the carpenter's son.� We know his mother, Mary.� We know his brothers....all his sisters live here.� [NOTE:� The statement "all&"instead of "both" strongly infers that Jesus had at least three sisters.� However, they are not named.] |
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| 59.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 2:52 - And Jesus matured, growing up in both body and spirit, blessed by both God and people. |
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| 60.� See VOLUME II DREAM MAKER, "Hesitant Herald." |
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