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| TWELVE APOSTLES� ENDNOTES OF SCHOLARLY SOURCES {Where Documentation name is cited first, it is Quoted} |
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| [1]������ THE BIBLE, MARK 3:8 - ....a huge crowd from Galilee trailed after them ~ also from Judea, Jerusalem, Idumea, across the Jordan, and around Tyre and Sidon ~ swarms of people who had heard reports and had come to see for themselves. | |||||||||||||||||
| [2]������ THE BIBLE, ACTS 1:20b-22, 26 - ....must come from the company of men who stayed together with us from the time Jesus was baptized by John up to the day of his ascension, designated along with us as a witness to his resurrection....counted in with the eleven apostles.� [Qualifications of apostle] | |||||||||||||||||
| [3]������ THE BIBLE, LUKE 6:12 - About that same time he climbed a mountain to pray.� He was there all night in prayer before God. | |||||||||||||||||
| [4]������ THE BIBLE, GENESIS 35:10; 23-26; REVELATION 21:10, 12 - "You shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel"....Here are the names of the twelve sons of Jacob...Reuben...Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun...Joseph, Benjamin...Dan, Naphtali...Gad, Asher....Holy Jerusalem....twelve gates.� At each gate stood an Angel, and on the gates were inscribed the names of the Twelve Tribes of the sons of Israel. | |||||||||||||||||
| [5]������ THE BIBLE, LUKE 6:13 - The next day he summoned his disciples; from them he selected twelve he designated as apostles. | |||||||||||||||||
| [6]������ THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:2-4 - Simon (they called him Peter or "Rock"), Andrew his brother, James Zebedee's son, John his brother, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew the tax man, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Canaanite [Zealot], [Judas] Iscariot (who later turned on him). | |||||||||||||||||
| [7]������ JOHN 5:17-18 - But Jesus defended himself, "My Father is working straight through, even on the Sabbath.� So am I."� That really set them off.� The Jews were now not only out to expose him; they were out to kill him.� Not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was calling God his own Father, putting himself on a level with God. | |||||||||||||||||
| [8]������ THE BIBLE, MARK 3:6 [NIV] - Then the Pharisees went out and began to plot with the Herodians how they might kill Jesus. | |||||||||||||||||
| [9]������ THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:1 - He gave them power to kick out the evil spirits, and to tenderly care for the bruised and hurt lives. | |||||||||||||||||
| [10]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:5-6 [NIV] - These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions:� "Do not go among the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans.� Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel." | |||||||||||||||||
| [11]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 11:1 [NIV] - After Jesus had finished instructing his twelve disciples, he went on from there to teach and preach in the towns of Galilee. | |||||||||||||||||
| [12]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:44 - ...hometown was Bethsaida, the same as...Peter. | |||||||||||||||||
| [13]����� Simon in the original Greek language means "hearer." | |||||||||||||||||
| [14]����� The name Peter in the original Greek language is petros or "stone".� [Note:� Rock in the original Greek language is petra.]� SEE ALSO VOL. VII, STAR SONG, "Torch Flight" | |||||||||||||||||
| [15]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 18:10 - Just then Simon Peter, who was carrying a sword, pulled it from its sheath and struck the Chief Priest's servant, cutting off his right ear. | |||||||||||||||||
| [16]����� THE BIBLE, ACTS 12:3 - ...arrested Peter...and had him thrown in jail. | |||||||||||||||||
| [17]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:41; 6:8; 12:20-22 - Andrew....the first thing he did...was find his own brother, Simon...."There's a little boy here"....Now there were some Greeks..."we would like to see Jesus"....Andrew...told Jesus. | |||||||||||||||||
| [18]����� SEE ALSO VOL. II, DREAM MAKER, "Dynamic Duo With Heart" | |||||||||||||||||
| [19]����� When the Mosaic Age began, Moses was given the power to perform miracles, and he passed some of it on to his brother and 70 elders.� When the Prophetic Age began, Elijah was given the power to perform miracles, and he passed some of it on to Elisha.� When the Christian Age began, the twelve Apostles were given the power to perform miracles, and they passed some of it on to first-century Christians.� Search the scriptures to verify this. | |||||||||||||||||
| [20]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:44, LUKE 5:10, MARK 1:16-21 - ....hometown was Bethsaida, the same as Andrew and Peter....James and John, Zebedee's sons, coworkers with Simon....Simon and his brother, Andrew...fishermen....a little farther he saw James son of Zebedee and his brother John in a boat. | |||||||||||||||||
| [21]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 27:56, MARK 15:40, JOHN 19:25 - ...women watching [crucifixion] from a distance...mother of the Zebedee brothers....women watching from a distance...Salome....Jesus' mother, his aunt...stood at the foot of the cross.� [This is the same list of women by three different authors.] | |||||||||||||||||
| [22]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 9:53-54 - They refused hospitality.� When the disciples James and John learned of it, they said, "Master, do you want us to call a bolt of lightning down out of the sky and incinerate them?" | |||||||||||||||||
| [23]����� THE BIBLE, ACTS 12:2 - [Herod] had James, the brother of John, put to death with the sword. [Note:� James was the first apostle to be killed for believing Jesus was the Son of God.] | |||||||||||||||||
| [24]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 18:16 - That other disciple was known to the Chief Priest, and so he went in with Jesus to the Chief Priest's courtyard. | |||||||||||||||||
| [25]����� THE BIBLE, 1 JOHN 2:18, REVELATION 1:9 -Children, time is just about up....I, John, with you all the way in the trial and the Kingdom and the passion of patience in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos [between Turkey and Greece] because of God's Word, the witness of Jesus [exiled].� [Note:� John was the last apostle the die; he was around 95 years old.]� SEE ALSO VOLUME V FLOOD GATES, "Thunder Road" | |||||||||||||||||
| [26]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:44 - Philip's hometown was Bethsaida, the same as Andrew and Peter.� [Note:� The name, Philip, in the original Greek language meant "horse lover."'] | |||||||||||||||||
| [27]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:45; 6:5-7 - Philip went and found Nathanael and told him, "We've found the One Moses wrote of in the Law, the One preached by the prophets"....When Jesus looked out and saw that a large crowd had arrived, he said to Philip, "Where can we buy bread to feed these people?"....Philip answered, "Two hundred silver pieces wouldn't be enough...." | |||||||||||||||||
| [28]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:45; 12:20-22 - Philip went and found Nathanael....Come see for yourself.... There were some Greeks in town....approached Philip..."we would like to see Jesus"....Philip...told Jesus.� SEE ALSO VOLUME II DREAM MAKER, "Dynamic Duo With Heart" | |||||||||||||||||
| [29]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 21:2; JOHN 1:28, 45 - Nathanael from Cana in Galilee....These conversations took place in Bethany on the other side of the Jordan, where John was baptizing at the time.� The very next day....Philip went and found Nathanael. | |||||||||||||||||
| [30]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:49-6:1; MATTHEW 10:2-3 - Nathanael exclaimed, "Rabbi!� You are the Son of God, the King of Israel!"� Jesus said, "You've become a believer....before this is over you're going to see heaven open and God's angels descending to the Son of Man and ascending again"....These are the names of the twelve apostles....Philip and Bartholomew.� [Note:� All evidence points to Nathanael being the one called Bartholomew in the list of 12 apostles.] | |||||||||||||||||
| [31]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:47 - When Jesus saw him [Nathanael] coming he said, "There's a real Israelite, not a false bone in his body." | |||||||||||||||||
| [32]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:50 - Jesus said, "You've become a believer simply because I say I saw you one day sitting under the fig tree?" | |||||||||||||||||
| [33]����� SEE ALSO VOLUME II, DREAM MAKER, "Eyes of God" | |||||||||||||||||
| [34]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:9-10 [NIV] - "Do not take along any gold or silver or copper in your belts.� Take no bag for the journey, or extra tunic or sandals or a staff: for the worker is worthy of his keep." | |||||||||||||||||
| [35]����� Tradition says he was born in Antioch in Syria which was heavily influenced by the Greeks and Romans.� It was an active seaport town.� | |||||||||||||||||
| [36]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 11:16 - That's when Thomas, the one called the Twin, said to his companions, "Come along.� We might as well die with him." | |||||||||||||||||
| [37]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 20:24-26 - But Thomas, sometimes called the Twin, one of the Twelve, was not with them when Jesus came.... | |||||||||||||||||
| "Unless I see the nail holes in his hands, put my finger in the nail holes, and stick my hand in his side, I won't believe it."� SEE ALSO VOLUME VIII COME FLY WITH ME, "Whispering Hope" | |||||||||||||||||
| [38]����� THE BIBLE, MARK 2:14 - Strolling along, he saw Levi [Matthew], son of Alphaeus, at his work collecting taxes.� Jesus said, "Come along with me."� He came. | |||||||||||||||||
| [39]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 5:30 - The Pharisees and their religion scholars came to his disciples greatly offended.� "What is he doing eating and drinking with crooks and 'sinners'?" | |||||||||||||||||
| [40]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 5:29-30 [NIV] - Then Levi held a great banquet for Jesus at his house, and a large crowd of tax collectors and others were eating with them...."Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and 'sinners'?"� SEE ALSO THIS VOL. III, HEARTS AFIRE, "The Traitor" | |||||||||||||||||
| [41]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:17 [NIV] - "Be on your guard against men; they will hand you over to the local councils and flog you in their synagogues." | |||||||||||||||||
| [42]����� THE BIBLE, MARK 3:14, 18; JOHN 19:25 - He settled on twelve....James, son of Alphaeus....Mary the wife of Clopas...stood at the foot of the cross.� [NOTE:� Alphaeus is the Hebrew pronunciation (used by Mark), Clopas the Aramaic pronunciations (used by John), and Cleophas the Greek pronunciation (used in Luke). | |||||||||||||||||
| [43]����� The meaning of the name, Alphaeus, in the original language is leader or chief.� Also, most if not all tax collectors then were rich. | |||||||||||||||||
| [44]����� Tradition says that James the Less was an Essene, what we today might call a hippie. | |||||||||||||||||
| [45]����� Only one sentence was recording in the entire Bible that Thaddeus said (John 14:22). | |||||||||||||||||
| [46]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 14:22 - Judas (not Iscariot) [Thaddaeus] said, "Master, why is it that you are about to make yourself plain to us but not to the world?" | |||||||||||||||||
| [47]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 10:18-20 [NIV] - "On my account you will be brought before governor and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles.� But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it....for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you." | |||||||||||||||||
| [48]����� Simon was a Canaanite.� There is a difference of opinion whether he was from the city of Cana or the country of Canaan.� The author has selected the country of Canaan over near Lebanon to the west of Palestine. | |||||||||||||||||
| [49]���� Another interpretation of the word Canaan can be zealot, one of the militia-like super patriots who used gorilla warfare (terrorism) to become independent of Rome. | |||||||||||||||||
| [50]����� SEE ALSO VOL. II DREAM MAKER, "Weapons of Dust" and VOL. III HEARTS AFIRE, "Empty Power" | |||||||||||||||||
| [51]����� "Iscariot", Judas' second name means "of Kerioth" a town in the territory of Judah near Jerusalem (Joshua 15:25). | |||||||||||||||||
| [52]����� JOSHUA 14:13-14 - So Joshua blessed him [Caleb] and gave him Hebron as a permanent inheritance because he had followed the Lord God of Israel.� (Before that time Hebron had been called Kiriath-arba.) | |||||||||||||||||
| [53]����� THE BIBLE, 1 CHRONICLES 2:50-51; EXODUS 31:1-3 - The sons of Hur (who was the oldest son of Caleb...) were Shobal (the father if KIRIATH...)...."I have appointed Bezalel" (...grandson of Hur, of the tribe of Judah)...constructing the Tabernacle. | |||||||||||||||||
| [54]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 13:29 - ...Judas was their treasurer.... | |||||||||||||||||
| [55]����� SEE ALSO VOL. IV, FOLK HERO, "Whirlwind" and VOL. VI PROMISE KEEPER, "Fallen Star" | |||||||||||||||||
| [56]����� THE BIBLE, MARK 6:27 - The king [Herod] sent the executioner off to the prison with orders to bring back John's head.� He went, cut off John's head, brought it back on a platter. | |||||||||||||||||
| [57]����� THE BIBLE, MARK 6:30-31 - The apostles then rendezvoused with Jesus and reported on all that they had done and taught.� Jesus said, "Come off by yourselves; let's take a break and get a little rest." | |||||||||||||||||
| [58]����� THE BIBLE, MARK 6:32 - So they got in the boat and went off to a remote place by themselves. | |||||||||||||||||