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NATHANIEL� ENDNOTES OF SCHOLARLY SOURCES |
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{Where Document name is cited first, it is Quoted}
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| [1]������ Nathaneal was also called Bartholomew. |
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| [2]������ Cana is Arabic for place of reeds, and indeed its ruins are near marshes.� It was located in the province of Galilee half way between the Sea of Galilee on the east and the Mediterranean Sea on the west. |
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| [3]������ Jesus' own apostles (and most others too) mistakenly thought the whole time he was with them that his kingdom would be on earth and headquartered in Jerusalem.� It was not until he returned to heaven to rule from there that they understood.� THE BIBLE,ACTS 1:6, 9 - When they were together for the last time they asked, "Master, are you going to restore the kingdom to Israel now?� Is this the time?"...As they watched, he was taken up and disappeared in a cloud. |
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| [4]������ The population of Galilee was far from what orthodox Jews preferred and was looked down by such in Judah near the Temple. Besides Jews, Galilean residents were Aramaean (Syrian), Ituraean (Arabian), Phoenecian (Lebanese) and Greek.� In these circumstances they could not be expected to prove such sticklers for high Jewish orthodoxy. |
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| [5]������ There were two Bethany's ~ one on the west side of the Jordan River in Judea where Mary, Martha and Lazarus lived, and one on the east side in Perea.� |
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| [6]������ The Old Testament scriptures handed down to us were meticulously copied from one generation to another (see notes in Volume I).� One such group of scribes met in Tiberius of Galilee AD 500-900.� They counted the number of times each letter of the alphabet occurs in each book, pointed out the middle letter of the Pentateuch and the middle letter of the whole Hebrew Bible (Old Testament).� These trivialities guaranteed minute precision in translating the text. |
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| [7]������ THE BIBLE, ZECHARIAH 14:9 - The Lord will be king over the whole earth. |
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| [8]������ THE BIBLE, PSALM 24:9-10 - Lift up your heads, O you gates; lift them up, you ancient doors, that the King of glory may come in.� Who is he, this King of glory?� The Lord Almighty ~ He is the King of glory. |
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| [9]������ THE BIBLE, ISAIAH 9:6-7 - For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders.� And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. |
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| [10]����� THE BIBLE, DANIEL 7:13-14 - ...a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven....He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him.� His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed. |
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| [11]����� THE BIBLE, EXODUS 20:1 - "You shall have no other gods before me." |
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| [12]����� The Histories of Tacitus, accepted by scholars worldwide, were written around 100 AD.� We have only two ancient manuscripts today and they were written 800 and 1000 years later.� We have a total of 20 copies of them. |
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| On the other hand, there are some 40,000 manuscripts and fragments of the New Testament today.� The full manuscripts were penned 250 years after Christ, and the numerous fragments were penned the same century as Christ. |
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| [13]����� THE BIBLE, NUMBERS 4:1f,22f, 29f - Take a census of the...Levites...all the men from thirty to fifty years of age who come to serve in the work of the Tent of Meeting [tabernacle]. |
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| [14]����� During Jesus' temptation after his baptism by John the Baptist, he struggled with how to tell people he was their king and take over the world.� He sorted through what were Satan's ideas of grandeur which would be short-lived, and the eternal way of selfless love.� See THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 4:1-11. |
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| [15]����� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 3:16-17 - The moment Jesus came up out of the baptismal waters, the skies opened up and he saw God's Spirit - it looked like a dove - descending and landing on him.� and along with the Spirit, a voice:� "This is my Son." |
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| [16]����� THE BIBLE, LUKE 4:1-2 - Now Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, left the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wild.� For forty wilderness days and nights he was tested by the Devil. |
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| [17]����� THE BIBLE, ACTS 23:6 - Sadducees have nothing to do with a resurrection or angels or even a spirit.� If they can't see it, they don't believe it.� Pharisees believe it all. |
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| [18]����� THE BIBLE, ISAIAH 7:14 - Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign:� The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel [Hebrew for God with us]. |
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| [19]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:45a - Philip went and found Nathanael and told him, "We've found the One Moses wrote of in the Law, the One preached by the prophets.: |
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| [20]����� THE BIBLE, I KINGS 9:11-13 - King Solomon gave twenty towns in Galilee to Hiram king of Tyre [in Lebanon] because Hiram....But when Hiram went from Tyre to see the towns that Solomon had given him, he was not pleased with them.� "What kind of towns are these you have given me, my brother?" he asked.� And he called them the Land of Cabal, a name they have to this day.� [Galilee in Hebrew was "Cubal" meaning good for nothing.]� |
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| [21]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:45b-46 - It's Jesus, Joseph's son, the one from Nazareth!"� Nathanael said, "Nazareth?� You've got to be kidding."� But Philip said, "Come, see for yourself." |
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| [22]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:47-49 - When Jesus saw him coming he said, "There's a real Israelite, not a false bone in his body."� Nathanael said, "Where did you get that idea?� You don't know me." Jesus answered, "...long before Philip called you here, I saw you under the fig tree." |
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| [23]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:49-50a - Nathanael exclaimed, "Rabbi!� You are the Son of God, the King of Israel!" Jesus said, "You've become a believer simply because I say I saw you one day sitting under the fig tree?" |
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| [24]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 1:50b-51 - "You haven't seen anything yet!� Before this is over you're going to see heaven open and God's angels descending to the Son of Man and ascending again." |
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| [25]����� These four ended up being Jesus' apostles, his personally selected ambassadors.� He would eventually have twelve. |
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| [26]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 2:1-2 - Three days later there was a wedding in the village of Cana in Galilee.� Jesus' mother was there.� Jesus and his disciples were guests also. |
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| [27]����� ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA - In ancient Greece wine was dark and usually drunk with water (to drink it unmixed was riotous)....The full maturing of wine was impossible until the bottle and the cork were generally used....Use of wine bottles and corks...seems to have become common toward the end of the 17th century. |
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| [28]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 2:3 - when they started running low on wine at the wedding banquet, Jesus' mother told him, "They're just about out of wine." |
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| [29]����� THE BIBLE, HEBREWS 4:15 [NIV] - For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are ~ yet was without sin. |
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| [30]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 2:4 - Jesus said, "Is that any of our business, Mother ~ yours or mine?� This isn't my time.� Don't push me." |
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| [31]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 2:5-6 - She went ahead anyway, telling the servants, "Whatever he tells you, do it."� Six stoneware water pots were there, used by the Jews for ritual washings.� Each held twenty to thirty gallons. |
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| [32]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 2:7 - Jesus ordered the servants, "Fill the pots with water." |
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| [33]����� THE BIBLE, JOHN 2:8-10 - "Now fill your pitchers and take them to the host," Jesus said, and they did.� When the host tasted the water that had become wine (he didn't know what had just happened but the servants, of course, knew), he called out to the bridegroom, "Everybody I know begins with their finest wines and after the guests have had their fill brings in the cheap stuff.� But you've saved the best till now!" |
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| [34]����� FOXE'S BOOK OF MARTYRS, 1968, Chapter I, pg. 4 |
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| [35]����� THE SEARCH FOR THE TWELVE APOSTLES by William Steuart McBirnie |
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