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| MARY ENDNOTES OF SCHOLARLY SOURCES | ||||||||||||||||||||
| {Where document name is cited first, it is quoted.}� | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.� THE BIBLE, MATTHEW 1:18 - The birth of Jesus took place like this.� His mother, Mary, was engaged to be married to Joseph.� Before they came to the marriage bed, Joseph discovered she was pregnant.� (It was by the Holy Spirit, but he didn't know that.) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE:� Quotes from the New Testament part (last half) of the Bible are from The Message:� The New Testament in Contemporary Language translated by Dr. Eugene Peterson and published by Navpress because its vocabulary is in today's vernacular.� More accurate translations (versions) have been made by groups of scholars, not a single man, such as the New King James Version [NKJV] and New International Version [NIV].� When those versions are quoted, it is so noted. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.� According to Flavius Josephus, the brilliant Jewish Historian, the last high priest-king appointed by the Jews for the Jews was dethroned BC 63 by Pompey, the year Julius Caesar became emperor of Rome. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 3. FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 14, 16:1-4 - The king [Herod] came and met at the walls of Jerusalem...eleven legions, armed men on foot, and six thousand horsemen....he made an assault upon the city, and took it by storm; and now all parts were full of those that were slain....so they were murdered continually in the narrow streets and in the houses by crowds, and as they were flying to the temple for shelter, and there was no pity taken of either infants or the aged....This destruction befell the city of Jerusalem when Marcus Agrippa and Caninius Gallus were consuls at Rome, on the 125th Olympiad, on the third months [37 BC]. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 15, 8:4 - One of those spies of Herod....told the king of it....When they were seized....underwent all the torments inflicted on them till they died....[The spy] was seized on by some of the people...was not only slain by them, but pulled to pieces, limb from limb, and given to the dogs....By bitter and severe tortures certain women that were tortured confessed what they had seen done. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 5.� SPECIAL NOTE:� Everything that appears in italics is an inferred statement of God the Father or God the Son.� It is not found in the Bible.� It is not to be construed as literal, but rather representing a state of mind, and only an opinion of the author. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 6.� Gadara, at the south end of the Sea of Galilee, was fought over by the Ptolemies, Seleucids, Jews and Romans.� Today it lies in ruins and is called Umm Qays. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 7.�� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, BOOK 15, 10:3 - Caesar came into Syria; at which time the greatest part of the inhabitants of Gadara clamored against Herod....As the Gadarens saw the inclination of Caesar [toward Herod]....out of a dread of the torments they might undergo, cut their own throats in the night time, and some of them threw themselves down precipices, and others of them cast themselves into the river. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 8.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 3:23 - Now Jesus himself was...the son of [Mary], the daughter of Heli.� [NOTE:� Since Matthew 1:1 gives the genealogy of Joseph, it is believed by scholars that this is the genealogy of Mary.] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 9.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 15, 10:4 - Herod...introduced...dissolution of their religion...nor did he permit the citizens either to meet together, or to walk, or eat together, but watched everything they did, and when any were caught, they were severely punished; and many there were...both openly and secretly...put to death. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 15, 10:4 - There were spies set everywhere, both in the city and in the roads....he [Herod] would oftentimes himself take the habit of a private man, and mix among the multitude in the night time and make trial what opinion they had of his government. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 11.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 16, 4:1-4 - So when he [Herod] came to the speech of Caesar...he presented his sons there, and accused them....That they were enemies to him...and would take away his life, and so obtain his kingdom....They [sons] knew in their own conscience they were innocent....Caesar exhorted Herod to lay all such suspicions aside and to be reconciled to his sons. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 12.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 3:23-24 - Jesus...the [grand]son of Heli, the [great grand]son of Matthat. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 13.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:46-47 - And Mary said, "I'm bursting with God-news; I'm dancing the song of my Savior God."� [Mary actually sang/said this song to Elizabeth right after she became pregnant with the Son of God.] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 14.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, BK. 16, 7:1 - Herod had spent vast sums....David's sepulchre....He opened that sepulchre by night...took only his faithful friends with him.� As for any money, he found none...but that furniture of gold...However, he had a great desire to make a more diligent search, and to go further in, even as far as the very bodies of David and Solomon; where two of his guards were slain by a flame that burst out upon those that went in. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 15.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 16, 8:1-5 - ....stretched the rack to the very utmost, they said that Alexander bare ill-will and innate hatred to his father....when Herod heard this confession, he was all over anger and fear....sent about spies to watch such as he suspected, for he was now overrun with suspicion and hatred against all about him....so he tortured the principal of Alexander's friends, and put not a few of them to death, without getting any of the things out of them which he suspected....one of the younger sort, when he was in the utmost agony, confessed that Alexander had...a poisonous potion ready. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 16.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 16, 10:4-5 - After these, the commander of the garrison of Alexandrium was caught and tortured; for he was accused....So the king produced those that had been tortured before the multitude at Jericho, in order to have them accuse [his sons], which accusers many of the people stoned to death. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 17.� ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, VOL. 12, JESUS CHRIST - The attempt to set the new calendar at the birth of Jesus as 1 A.D. has difficulties.� Dionysius Exiguss, comparing Roman records, erroneously set the date of Jesus' birth as 753 years after the founding of Rome.� Actually, Herod the Great died about the Roman year 749 or 4 B.C.� The census mentioned in year of Jesus' birth took place in the Roman year 747 or between 4 and 7 B.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18.� FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, BK. 16, 11:2-7 - Herod...accused his sons...in such a way as was very indecent for a father to accuse his sons....There was no confession of any plots or contrivances against him....The king gave order that Tero should be tortured...perceiving what would be the consequence of his terrible sufferings said that [he/Tero] should lay violent hands on the king....As for Herod....Alexander also and Aristobulus were brought to Sebaste by their father's command, and there strangled. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 19.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:26-30 [NIV] - The angel went to her and said, "Greetings, you who are highly favored!� The Lord is with you."� Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be.� But the angel said to her, "Do not be afraid, Mary, you have found favor with God." | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ALSO NOTE THE BIBLE, 1 CHRONICLES 21:20; MATTHEW 28:2-4; LUKE 1:11-13; 2:9-10; 24:5 [NIV]; ACTS 10:104 [NIV] - Arunah...turned and saw the angel; his four sons who were with him hid themselves....God's angel came down from heaven, came right up to where they were standing....Shafts of lightning blazing from him....The guards at the tomb were scared to death.� They were so frightened, they couldn't move....Unannounced, an angel of God appeared....Zechariah was paralyzed in fear...there were sheepherders....Suddenly, God's angel stood among them and God's glory blazed around them.� they were terrified.� The angel said, "Don't be afraid"....In their fright the women bowed down their faces to the ground....Cornelius a centurion....saw an angel....stared at him in fear. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 20.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:31 - But the angel assured her, "Mary, you have nothing to fear.� God has a surprise for you:� You will become pregnant and give birth to a son and call his name Jesus."� See Also AND WE THOUGHT WE KNEW YOU, VOL. I, Two Fathers, One Son and Walking Tall. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 21.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:32-33 -� "He will be great, be called 'Son of the Highest.'� The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David; he will rule Jacob's house forever--no end, ever, to his kingdom." | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 22.� Although the original text of the prophet Isaiah gave a Hebrew word that could be either virgin or young girl, the Jews always recognized it to mean virgin.� THE SEPTUAGINT was a translation of the Old Testament from its original Hebrew to Greek by a group of seventy Jewish scholars about 100 B.C., a century before Jesus' birth.� The Septuagint used the explicit Greek word,"virgin" in this text. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.� THE BIBLE, ISAIAH 7:14 [Predicted about 700 years before Jesus] - The Lord himself will choose the sign - a child shall be born to a virgin!� And she shall call him Immanuel, meaning "God is with us". | ||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE:� Quotes from the Old Testament part (first half) of the Bible are from The Living Bible published by Tyndale House because its vocabulary is in today's vernacular.� More accurate translations (versions) have been made by groups of scholars, not a single man, such as the New King James Version [NKJV] and New International Version [NIV].� When those versions are quoted, it is so noted. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTE - Among the Dead Sea Scrolls of ancient Hebrew writings discovered in 1947 just north of Jerusalem, was an entire manuscript of the Old Testament book of Isaiah written 100 B.C.� Ninety-five percent of the text was word-for-word identical with Isaiah in the manuscripts we have today. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 24.� THE BIBLE, DANIEL 9:25 [Predicted about 530 years before Jesus]� - "It will be forty-nine years plus 434 years [483 years total] from the time the command is given to rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed One [priest-king] comes!" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| a.� ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA - Artaxerxes ruled the Persian Empire 465-424 B.C. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| b.� THE BIBLE, EZRA 7:1,8,17,22 - During the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia....Ezra arrived in Jerusalem in the seventh year of the king [458 B.C.]....[Royal Decree:] "With this money be sure to buy...sacrifices....then do whatever seems best with the rest of the silver and gold....hundred talents [25 tons] of silver. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 458 B.C. first command to rebuild Jerusalem | ||||||||||||||||||||
| +25 A.D. Jesus age 30 (born 5 B.C.) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 383 years as predicted by Daniel | ||||||||||||||||||||
| c.� THE BIBLE, NEHEMIAH 2:1, 5b, 6a, 11 - In the....twentieth year of King Artaxerxes...."Send me to the city in Judah where my fathers are buried so that I can rebuild it"....It pleased the king to send me....I went to Jerusalem [445 B.C.] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| d.� Thirteen years after Ezra's trip to Jerusalem, Nehemiah went to Jerusalem in 445 B.C. with a second decree to rebuild.� Ezra had apparently used part of the hundred talents of silver to rebuild some.� For when Nehemiah arrived, he "repaired" [Hebrew chazaq meaning make mighty] and "rebuilt" [Hebrew benah meaning build up] most of it stronger and higher.� SEE NEHEMIAH 3 - He rebuilt the Sheep Gate and Fish Gate.� But he repaired [strengthened] all the other gates of the city. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| e.� Recall note (17) above regarding the calendar. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 25.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:34 - Mary said to the angel, "But how?� I've never slept with a man." | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 26.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:35 -� The angel answered, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, the power of the Highest hover over you; therefore, the child you bring to birth will be called Holy, Son of God." | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 27.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:36-36 - "And did you know that your cousin Elizabeth conceived a son, old as she is?� Everyone called her barren, and here she is six months pregnant!� Nothing, you see, is impossible with God."� [See also VOL. I, BIRTH OF A MIRACLE, Bastion of Barrenness and Silent Thunderbolt.] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 28.� THE BIBLE, LUKE 1:37-38 -� And Mary said, "Yes, I see it all now:� I'm the Lord's maid, ready to serve.� Let it be with me just as you say." Then the angel left her. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 29.� DOES GOD EXIST?, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1979, p. 15 - Virgin births are not impossible for God.� "At least 25 species of lizards have the ability to produce young from unfertilized eggs laid by a female.� The eggs go through two rounds of chromosome duplications so that the offspring has only the mother's chromosome pattern." | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 30. THE BIBLE, PSALM 139:13-18 - "You made all the delicate, inner parts of my body, and knit them together in my mother's womb. Thank you for making me so wonderfully complex! It is amazing to think about. Your workmanship is marvellous and how well I know it! You were there while I was being formed in utter seclusion! You saw me before I was born! How precious it is, Lord, to realize that you are thinking about me constantly! I can't even count how many times a day your thoughts turn towards me. And when I waken in the morning, you are still thinking of me!" | ||||||||||||||||||||