Covering 1,564 square kilometers, Mongolia is one of the few places in the world which possesses such a rich combination of ecosystems and wild heritage. The ecosystems of Mongolia have an incomparably rich and rare variety of wild plants and animals.

The flora of Mongolia has increasingly rare endemic species of plants.
- Snow-capped Altai mountain range includes the plants such as rose rhodiola, creeping juniper, saussurea.
- Khangai mountain range and taiga are covered by edelweiss, clusterberry, siberian larch, siberian pine and scotch pine.
- Among the plants which are particular to the Gobi desert are saxaul trees and pea-shrubs which can only be seen in the Mongolian Gobi desert.

The fauna of Mongolia is equally rich with numerous species of reptiles, mammals, fish, birds and amphibians adapted to the sharp climate and to the various landscape of Mongolia. Among the endangered species are Saiga antelope, Argali wild sheep, wild ass and 4 species of jerboa. The birds include Falcon, Eagle and Lammergeyer.
Endemic fish include Altai Osman, Taimen and Mongolian grayling.